{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-04", "title": "A framework for scaling sustainable land management options", "description": "Abstract<p>Improvements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected global challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, and degrading land and water resources. There are hundreds of technical options for improving the sustainability of land management and preventing or reversing degradation, but there are many sociocultural, institutional, economic, and policy barriers hindering their adoption at large scale. To tackle this challenge, the Dryland Systems Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification convened an expert group to consider barriers and incentives to scaling technologies, processes, policies, or institutional arrangements. The group reviewed existing frameworks for scaling sustainable land management (SLM) interventions across a range of contexts and identified eight critical actions for success: (a) plan iteratively; (b) consistently fund; (c) select SLM options for scaling based on best available evidence; (d) identify and engage with stakeholders at all scales; (e) build capacity for scaling; (f) foster institutional leadership and policy change to support scaling; (g) achieve early benefits and incentives for as many stakeholders as possible; and (h) monitor, evaluate, and communicate. Incentives for scaling were identified for the private sector, farmers and their communities, and policy makers. Based on these findings, a new action framework for scaling is presented that analyses the contexts where specific SLM interventions can be scaled, so that SLM options can be screened and adapted to these contexts, piloted and disseminated. The framework can help countries achieve land degradation neutrality.</p", "keywords": ["330", "incentives", "private sector", "land; management; options; scaling; sustainable; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "farmers", "water resources", "01 natural sciences", "stakeholders", "case studies", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "economic aspects", "agricultural development", "Drylands Agriculture", "11. Sustainability", "policy making", "land; management; options; scaling; sustainable", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "land degradation", "capacity building", "land management", "1. No poverty", "land use", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Sustainable Agriculture", "6. Clean water", "communities", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "corporate culture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-09", "title": "Seismic actions on structures in the near-source region of the 2016 central Italy sequence", "description": "The central Italy seismic sequence began in the latter half of 2016 and continued well into 2017, causing severe damage in the villages close to the source and causing hundreds of casualties. It is a sequence especially interesting to study, from the perspective of seismic actions experienced by structures, because it saw nine M\u00a0\u2265\u00a05.0 earthquakes within a period of 5\u00a0months, rupturing parts of the complex central Apennine mountain range fault system. Consequently, some of the main earthquake engineering issues that arose are the multiple locations where the code-mandated seismic actions were exceeded in more than one of the main events of the sequence and the number of pre- and low-code existing buildings that suffered heavy damage or collapse due to the intensity of individual earthquakes and the cumulative effect of repeated damaging shocks. The present article picks up on these topics and uses probabilistic seismic hazard, as well as the multitude of strong ground motion recordings available from the sequence, to provide a discussion on certain issues, that are all related to the topical subject of seismic actions. These issues are: (1) the unsurprising exceedance of code spectra in the epicentral areas of strong earthquakes; (2) the particular spectral shape and damaging potential of near-source, pulse-like, ground motions, possibly related to rupture directivity; and (3) structural non-linear behaviour in the wake of a sequence that produces repeated strong shaking without the necessary respite for repair and retrofit operations.", "keywords": ["Geophysics", "Seismic Hazard", "Pulse-like ground motion", "Cumulative damage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Cumulative damage; Pulse-like ground motion; Seismic hazard; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology; Geophysics", "Building and Construction", "02 engineering and technology", "Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology", "Seismic hazard", "Civil and Structural Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-08", "title": "Model of seismic design lateral force levels for the existing reinforced concrete European building stock", "description": "As part of the development of a European Seismic Risk Model 2020 (ESRM20), the spatial and temporal evolution of seismic design across Europe has been studied in order to bet- ter classify reinforced concrete buildings (which represent more than 30% of the approxi- mately 145 million residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Europe) and map them to vulnerability models based on simulated seismic design. This paper summarises the model that has been developed to assign the years when different seismic design levels (low code, moderate code and high code) were introduced in a number of European coun- tries and the associated lateral forces that were specified spatially within each country for the low and moderate codes for typical reinforced concrete mid-rise buildings. This process has led to an improved understanding of how design regulations evolved across Europe and how this has impacted the vulnerability of the European residential building stock. The model estimates that ~ 60% of the reinforced concrete buildings in Europe have been seis- mically designed, and of those buildings ~ 60% have been designed to low code, ~ 25% to moderate code and 15% to high code. This seismic design model aims at being a dynamic source of information that will be continuously updated with additional feedback from local experts and datasets. To this end, all of the data has been made openly available as shapefiles on a GitLab repository.", "keywords": ["Seismic design evolution ; Lateral force levels ; European building stock ; Exposure model ; Seismic zonation maps ; Seismic risk", "Physics", "ddc:530", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Seismic design evolution", "02 engineering and technology", "624", "Exposure model", "530", "Seismic zonation maps", "Seismic risk", "11. Sustainability", "Lateral force levels", "European building stock", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-021-01083-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-08", "title": "Developments In Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Net Energy Use In Danish Agriculture - How To Achieve Substantial Co2 Reductions?", "description": "Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture are a significant contributor to total Danish emissions. Consequently, much effort is currently given to the exploration of potential strategies to reduce agricultural emissions. This paper presents results from a study estimating agricultural GHG emissions in the form of methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (including carbon sources and sinks, and the impact of energy consumption/bioenergy production) from Danish agriculture in the years 1990-2010. An analysis of possible measures to reduce the GHG emissions indicated that a 50-70% reduction of agricultural emissions by 2050 relative to 1990 is achievable, including mitigation measures in relation to the handling of manure and fertilisers, optimization of animal feeding, cropping practices, and land use changes with more organic farming, afforestation and energy crops. In addition, the bioenergy production may be increased significantly without reducing the food production, whereby Danish agriculture could achieve a positive energy balance.", "keywords": ["Buildings and machinery", "Greenhouse Effect", "Landscape and recreation", "Livestock", "Denmark", "Nitrous Oxide", "Air and water emissions", "Models", " Biological", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "Animals", "Animal Husbandry", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-20", "title": "Pyrolysis kinetics and multi-objective inverse modelling of cellulose at the microscale", "description": "Abstract   The chemistry of pyrolysis, together with heat transfer, drives ignition and flame spread of biomass materials under many fire conditions, but it is poorly understood. Cellulose is the main component of biomass and is often taken as a surrogate for biomass. Its chemistry of pyrolysis is simpler and dominates the pyrolysis of biomass. Many reaction schemes with corresponding kinetic parameters can be found in the literature for the pyrolysis of cellulose, but their appropriateness for fire is unknown. This study investigated inverse modelling and blind predictions of six reaction schemes of different complexities for isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. We used multi-objective optimisation to simultaneously and separately inverse model the kinetic parameters of each reaction scheme to several experiments. Afterwards we tested these parameters with blind predictions. For the first time, we reveal a set of equally viable solutions for the modelling of pyrolysis chemistry of different experiments. This set of solutions is called a Pareto front, and represents a trade-off between predictions of different experiments. It stems from the uncertainty in the experiments and in the modelling. Parameters derived from non-isothermal experiments compared well with the literature, and performed well in blind predictions of both isothermal and non-isothermal experiments. Complexity beyond the Broido-Shafizadeh scheme with seven parameters proved to be unnecessary to predict the mass loss of cellulose; hence, simple reaction schemes are most appropriate for macroscale fire models. Modellers should, therefore, use simple reaction schemes to model pyrolysis in macroscale fire models.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "General Physics and Astronomy", "General Materials Science", "General Chemistry", "Building and Construction", "624", "540", "Safety", " Risk", " Reliability and Quality", "Civil Engineering", "7. Clean energy", "European Research Council"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richter, F, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-25", "title": "Chemical and mineralogical analyses on stones from Sagunto Castle (Spain)", "description": "For the first time, an archaeometric study was carried out on the carbonate rock ashlars of the Sagunto Castle. The studied site is one of the most important and best preserved Spanish archaeological and architectural monuments, characterized by different construction phases from the Roman period to Modern Ages. Forty samples collected from thirteen different structures of Sagunto Castle and two quarries, located in the Sagunto's hill were used for comparative purposes. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine their mineralogical and elemental composition. The obtained data show similar chemical and mineralogical features between the rocks outcropping in the city quarries and some of those employed to build the structures, suggesting that rocks could have been used to build the structures from different periods along the centuries.", "keywords": ["Building stone; Chemistry; Fortress; Middle ages; Mineralogy; Remains; Roman period", "Building stone; Fortress; Remains; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Roman period; Middle ages", "archaeometrics; carbonate rock ashlars; X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/298931.2/3/Ramaciotti%20et%20al%202018_1-s2.0-S2352409X18307454-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Archaeological%20Science%3A%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-09", "title": "Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization", "description": "Abstract<p>The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic (PV) modules affects PV systems worldwide. Soiling consists of mineral dust, soot particles, aerosols, pollen, fungi and/or other contaminants that deposit on the surface of PV modules. Soiling absorbs, scatters, and reflects a fraction of the incoming sunlight, reducing the intensity that reaches the active part of the solar cell. Here, we report on the comparison of naturally accumulated soiling on coupons of PV glass soiled at seven locations worldwide. The spectral hemispherical transmittance was measured. It was found that natural soiling disproportionately impacts the blue and ultraviolet (UV) portions of the spectrum compared to the visible and infrared (IR). Also, the general shape of the transmittance spectra was similar at all the studied sites and could adequately be described by a modified form of the \uffc3\uff85ngstr\uffc3\uffb6m turbidity equation. In addition, the distribution of particles sizes was found to follow the IEST-STD-CC 1246E cleanliness standard. The fractional coverage of the glass surface by particles could be determined directly or indirectly and, as expected, has a linear correlation with the transmittance. It thus becomes feasible to estimate the optical consequences of the soiling of PV modules from the particle size distribution and the cleanliness value.</p>", "keywords": ["Photovoltaic Arrays", "Cleanliness", "Particle", "PV", "02 engineering and technology", "Oceanography", "7. Clean energy", "soiling; experimental; transmittance; spectrum", "Turbidity", "Size", "Materials Science and Engineering", "\u00c5ngstr\u00f6m turbidity equation", "Transmittance", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Photovoltaic system", "Ultraviolet", "Microscopy", "Soiling", "Energy", "Ecology", "Physics", "Q", "R", "Imaging and sensing", "Geology", "Particle size", "6. Clean water", "Photovoltaic Efficiency", "Chemistry", "Physical chemistry", "Particle (ecology)", "Physical Sciences", "Sunlight", "Medicine", "Infrared", "570", "Particle-size distribution", "PV System", "Energy science and technology", "Science", "Optical spectroscopy", "Partial Shading", "530", "Modelling", "Article", "Environmental science", "Techniques and instrumentation", "Optical physics", "Meteorology", "Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting", "Optical techniques", "Optoelectronics", "Aerosol", "Biology", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Electronics", " photonics and device physics", "Building Integrated Photovoltaics", "Optics", "Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Materials science", "Photovoltaics", "Optics and photonics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Computer Science", "Solar Thermal Energy Technologies"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625670/2/Smestad_Modelling_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56868-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18387", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-18", "title": "RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation", "description": "<p>We present RootPainter, a GUI-based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis. RootPainter facilitates both fully-automatic and semi-automatic image segmentation. We investigate the effectiveness of RootPainter using three plant image datasets, evaluating its potential for root length extraction from chicory roots in soil, biopore counting and root nodule counting from scanned roots. We also use RootPainter to compare dense annotations to corrective ones which are added during the training based on the weaknesses of the current model.</p>", "keywords": ["Buildings and machinery", "0301 basic medicine", "phenotyping", "root nodule", "biopore", "interactive machine learning", "Research", "segmentation", "deep learning", "rhizotron", "Breeding and genetics", "Machine Learning", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Deep Learning", "GUI", "Farm nutrient management", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "Neural Networks", " Computer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044461v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18387", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18387", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic", "description": "<p> The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here, we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities, and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources, and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "sources", "Environmental engineering", "Assessment", "Plastic", ":Building and regulation planning: 234 [VDP]", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "01 natural sciences", "Indigenous communities", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "03 medical and health sciences", "VDP::Building and regulation planning: 234", "11. Sustainability", "pollution", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "effects", "ecosystem", ":Bebyggelses- og reguleringsplanlegging: 234 [VDP]", "Microplastic", "TA170-171", "15. Life on land", "Pollution", "Microplast", "Environmental sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Debris", "transport pathways", "VDP::Bebyggelses- og reguleringsplanlegging: 234"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/536965/2/provencher-et-al-2022-future-monitoring-of-litter-and-microplastics-in-the-arctic-challenges-opportunities-and.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/420057/1/prod_477586-doc_195419.pdf"}, {"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2022-0011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2022-0011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1177/0170840620980232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-26", "title": "Forging Forms of Authority through the Sociomateriality of Food in Partial Organizations", "description": "<p> This study theorizes on the sociomateriality of food in authority-building processes of partial organizations by exploring alternative food networks (AFNs). Through the construction of arenas for food provisioning, AFNs represent grassroots collectives that deliberately differentiate their practices from mainstream forms of food provisioning. Based on a sequential mixed-methods analysis of 24 AFNs, where an inductive chronological analysis is followed by a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), we found that the entanglements between participants\uffe2\uff80\uff99 food provisioning practices and food itself shape how authority emerges in AFNs. Food generates biological, physiological and social struggles for AFN participants who, in turn, respond by embracing or avoiding them. As an outcome, most AFNs tend to bureaucratize over time according to four identified patterns while a few idiosyncratically build a more shared basis of authority. We conclude that the sociomateriality of food plays an important yet indirect role in understanding why and how food provisioning arenas re-organize and forge their forms of authority over time. </p>", "keywords": ["Partial organization", "Alternative food networks", "sociomateriality of food", "550", "Sociomateriality", "grassroots collectives", "0502 economics and business", "05 social sciences", "alternative food networks", "authority-building processes", "Grassroots collectives", "partial organization", "Authority-building processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0170840620980232"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840620980232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organization%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1177/0170840620980232", "name": "item", "description": "10.1177/0170840620980232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1177/0170840620980232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-14", "title": "Self-healing of bio-cementitious mortar incubated within neutral and acidic soil", "description": "Abstract<p>The efficiency of bio self-healing of pre-cracked mortar specimens incubated in sand was investigated. The investigation examined the effect of soil pH representing industrially recognised classes of exposure, ranging from no risk of chemical attack (neutral pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff897) to very high risk (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff894.5). Simultaneously, the soil was subjected to fully and partially saturated cycles for 120\uffc2\uffa0days to resemble groundwater-level fluctuation. Bacillus subtilis with nutrients were impregnated into perlite and utilised as a bacterial healing agent. The healing agent was added to half of the mortar specimens for comparison purposes. Mineral precipitations were observed in both control and bio-mortar specimens, and the healing products were examined by SEM\uffe2\uff80\uff93EDX scanning. The healing ratio was evaluated by comparing (1) the repair rate of the crack area and (2) by capillary water absorption and sorptivity index\uffe2\uff80\uff94before and after incubation. The results indicated that bacteria-doped specimens (bio-mortar) exhibited the most efficient crack-healing in all incubation conditions i.e. different chemical exposure classes. In the pH neutral soil, the average healing ratios for the control and bio-mortar specimens were 38% and 82%, respectively. However, the healing ratio decreased by 43% for specimens incubated in acidic soil (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff894) compared with specimens incubated in neutral soil (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff897). The study implies that bio self-healing is generally beneficial for concrete embedded within soil; however, aggressive ground conditions can inhibit the healing process.</p>", "keywords": ["Mechanics of Materials", "Self-healing", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "General Materials Science", "Building and Construction", "Soil pH", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water", "Civil and Structural Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials%20and%20Structures", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-10", "title": "Phosphate-based treatments for conservation of stone", "description": "<p>To overcome the limitations of currently available protectives and consolidants for carbonate stones (such as marble and limestone), in 2011 the use of calcium phosphate was proposed. The idea is forming calcium phosphates (ideally hydroxyapatite) as the reaction product between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt, that the stone is treated with. In this paper, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (in terms of nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, reaction time, ionic and organic additions) are first briefly summarized. Then, the efficacy of the phosphate treatment in protecting marble from dissolution in rain and restoring cohesion of weathered marble and limestone is discussed. Some recent studies on the use of the phosphate treatment on alternative substrates and some future steps for research on the topic are finally outlined.</p>", "keywords": ["Building construction", "Protection", "0103 physical sciences", "Cultural heritage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Cultural heritage; Marble; Hydroxyapatite; Protection; Consolidation", "Marble", "Consolidation", "TH1-9745", "6. Clean water", "Hydroxyapatite"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni, Enrico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628268/1/Sassoni%20%282017%29%20Review%20RTL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/RILEM%20Technical%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "name": "item", "description": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s21010142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-28", "title": "Comparing Direct Observation of Torsion with Array-Derived Rotation in Civil Engineering Structures", "description": "<p>In this article, we analyze the rotation rates in a building derived from a network of translation sensors and recorded by a rotation sensor. The building is Grenoble city hall, a reinforced concrete structure with permanent accelerometric translation sensors at the top and bottom of the building. A temporary experiment was conducted, consisting in installing a BlueSeis-3A rotation sensor for more than 24 h at the top of the structure. The ambient vibrations were analyzed. The amplitudes of translation accelerations and rotation rates at the top and bottom of the building, along with their variations over time, were analyzed. The acceleration/rotation ratios were then compared with the impulse wave velocities derived from seismic interferometry by deconvolution between the top and bottom. Perspectives with regard to building imaging, time monitoring of structural integrity and understanding the contribution of rotations to the structure\uffe2\uff80\uff99s response are discussed, offering new suggestions for research projects.</p>", "keywords": ["570", "structural health monitoring (SHM)", "Chemical technology", "Communication", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "530", "rotation", "buildings", "City-Hall Grenoble", "0201 civil engineering", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "array-derived", "civil engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gu\u00e9guen, Philippe, Guattari, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, Aubert, Coralie, Laudat, Theo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/142/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s21010142", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s21010142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s21010142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15796964", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:07Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Conclusion Report on Training Needs for Monitoring and Assessment of Soil Health with Curriculum for Pilot Course", "description": "This deliverable, produced under Task 5.4 of the PREPSOIL project, summarises the identification of training needs and the development of a pilot course to support soil health monitoring in line with the Soil Monitoring Law and the EU Mission Soil. The process was based on expert consultation and co-creation with key stakeholders, including public authorities, research institutions, and European projects working on soil health. The deliverable presents the resulting modular curriculum, the implementation of four pilot training sessions held in June 2025, and an evaluation of their relevance and effectiveness. This report provides a foundation for scaling up capacity-building efforts at the EU level.", "keywords": ["Soil Monitoring Law", "Training curriculum", "EU Mission Soil", "Soil health", "Capacity building", "Indicators", "Policy implementation", "PREPSOIL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pita-Romero Herrero, Jos\u00e9 Luis, Pablo, G\u00f3mez Grande,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15796964"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15796964", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15796964", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15796964"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3464108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-27", "title": "Empirical damage and liquefaction fragility curves from 2012 Emilia earthquake data", "description": "<p> The study focuses on the effects of liquefaction on structures taken from data on about 1000 private residential masonry buildings located in several municipalities struck by the 2012 Emilia earthquake. Survey data were collected by teams of experts coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection in the immediate post-earthquake emergency phase. They included information on building characteristics and the level and extent of the damage to structural and non-structural components. Furthermore, according to data related to the reconstruction process, information on the liquefaction-induced type and extent of the damage was also collected. Through a comparative analysis of the empirical damage, it was found that liquefaction strongly affected the buildings, confirming its relevance in the damage scenario under specific subsoil conditions. Based on this evidence, the article proposes a correlation between structural damage and liquefaction when it comes to deriving proper preliminary empirical fragility curves. A suitable parameter to define liquefaction effects at ground level is introduced and correlated to damage grades defined according to the European Macroseismic Scale: EMS-98. </p>", "keywords": ["empirical damge", "residential buildings", "fragility curves", "liquefaction", "earthquake", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "earthquake; empirical damge; fragility curves; liquefaction; residential buildings"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Di Ludovico M., Chiaradonna A., Bilotta E., Flora A., Prota A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earthquake%20Spectra", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3464108", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3464108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3464108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10568/97603", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-04", "title": "A framework for scaling sustainable land management options", "description": "Abstract<p>Improvements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected global challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, and degrading land and water resources. There are hundreds of technical options for improving the sustainability of land management and preventing or reversing degradation, but there are many sociocultural, institutional, economic, and policy barriers hindering their adoption at large scale. To tackle this challenge, the Dryland Systems Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification convened an expert group to consider barriers and incentives to scaling technologies, processes, policies, or institutional arrangements. The group reviewed existing frameworks for scaling sustainable land management (SLM) interventions across a range of contexts and identified eight critical actions for success: (a) plan iteratively; (b) consistently fund; (c) select SLM options for scaling based on best available evidence; (d) identify and engage with stakeholders at all scales; (e) build capacity for scaling; (f) foster institutional leadership and policy change to support scaling; (g) achieve early benefits and incentives for as many stakeholders as possible; and (h) monitor, evaluate, and communicate. Incentives for scaling were identified for the private sector, farmers and their communities, and policy makers. Based on these findings, a new action framework for scaling is presented that analyses the contexts where specific SLM interventions can be scaled, so that SLM options can be screened and adapted to these contexts, piloted and disseminated. The framework can help countries achieve land degradation neutrality.</p", "keywords": ["330", "incentives", "private sector", "farmers", "water resources", "01 natural sciences", "stakeholders", "case studies", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "economic aspects", "agricultural development", "Drylands Agriculture", "11. Sustainability", "policy making", "land; management; options; scaling; sustainable", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "land degradation", "capacity building", "land management", "1. No poverty", "land use", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "Sustainable Agriculture", "6. Clean water", "communities", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "corporate culture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10568/97603"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10568/97603", "name": "item", "description": "10568/97603", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10568/97603"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "47e996b2-c60c-4cc8-9db3-20dab85ef478", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.54, 49.49], [2.54, 51.51], [6.41, 51.51], [6.41, 49.49], [2.54, 49.49]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "\u2022The custodian of the resource holds the rights of property (including the rights of intellectual property) to the geographic files \u2022The custodian grants the user the right to use the data for his internal use. \u2022Commercial use of the data under any form is strictly forbidden \u2022Custodian\u2019s name must be mentioned each time the data are being used publically.", "updated": "2024-01-19T10:41:54", "type": "Service", "language": "eng", "title": "Discovery Service - resources entered for the INSPIRE reporting", "description": "This is the discovery service for the metadata which are made available by the Belgian federal government. It only contains the resources which have been declared for the INSPIRE reporting, i.e. the resources which contain the keyword \u201creporting INSPIRE\u201d.", "formats": [{"name": "OGC:CSW"}], "keywords": ["Government and public sector", "National", "infoCatalogueService", "Buildings", "Addresses", "Elevation", "Meteorological geographical features", "Oceanographic geographical features", "Atmospheric conditions", "Geographical names", "Geology", "Habitats and biotopes", "Hydrography", "Agricultural and aquaculture facilities", "Environmental monitoring facilities", "Production and industrial facilities", "Land cover", "Orthoimagery", "Cadastral parcels", "Coordinate reference systems", "Bio-geographical regions", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Species distribution", "Human health and safety", "Utility and governmental services", "Soil", "Energy resources", "Protected sites", "Geographical grid systems", "Administrative units", "Mineral resources", "Statistical units", "Land use", "Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units", "Transport networks", "Sea regions", "Natural risk zones", "Reporting INSPIRE", "federal government"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "National Geographic Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "products@ngi.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kortenberglaan 115"], "city": "Brussels", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "1000", "country": "Belgium"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.ngi.be", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "http://www.ngi.be", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "Government and public sector"}], "scheme": "http://vocab.belgif.be/auth/datatheme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "National"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "infoCatalogueService"}], "scheme": "Commission Regulation (EC) No 1205/2008"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings"}, {"id": "Addresses"}, {"id": "Elevation"}, {"id": "Meteorological geographical features"}, {"id": "Oceanographic geographical features"}, {"id": "Atmospheric conditions"}, {"id": "Geographical names"}, {"id": "Geology"}, {"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Agricultural and aquaculture facilities"}, {"id": "Environmental monitoring facilities"}, {"id": "Production and industrial facilities"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Orthoimagery"}, {"id": "Cadastral parcels"}, {"id": "Coordinate reference systems"}, {"id": "Bio-geographical regions"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Species distribution"}, {"id": "Human health and safety"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Energy resources"}, {"id": "Protected sites"}, {"id": "Geographical grid systems"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Mineral resources"}, {"id": "Statistical units"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Sea regions"}, {"id": "Natural risk zones"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "federal government"}], "scheme": "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/themes/"}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://inspire.reporting.geo.be/eng/csw?request=GetCapabilities&service=CSW&version=2.0.2", "protocol": "OGC:CSW", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://inspire.reporting.geo.be/eng/csw?request=GetCapabilities&service=CSW&version=2.0.2", "protocol": "OGC:CSW"}, {"href": "https://www.geo.be/thumbs/metadata_discovery.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "47e996b2-c60c-4cc8-9db3-20dab85ef478", "name": "item", "description": "47e996b2-c60c-4cc8-9db3-20dab85ef478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/47e996b2-c60c-4cc8-9db3-20dab85ef478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2024-01-19T10:41:54Z"}}, {"id": "2158/1353729", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:25:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-25", "title": "Chemical and mineralogical analyses on stones from Sagunto Castle (Spain)", "description": "For the first time, an archaeometric study was carried out on the carbonate rock ashlars of the Sagunto Castle. The studied site is one of the most important and best preserved Spanish archaeological and architectural monuments, characterized by different construction phases from the Roman period to Modern Ages. Forty samples collected from thirteen different structures of Sagunto Castle and two quarries, located in the Sagunto's hill were used for comparative purposes. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine their mineralogical and elemental composition. The obtained data show similar chemical and mineralogical features between the rocks outcropping in the city quarries and some of those employed to build the structures, suggesting that rocks could have been used to build the structures from different periods along the centuries.", "keywords": ["Building stone; Chemistry; Fortress; Middle ages; Mineralogy; Remains; Roman period", "Building stone; Fortress; Remains; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Roman period; Middle ages", "archaeometrics; carbonate rock ashlars; X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/298931.2/3/Ramaciotti%20et%20al%202018_1-s2.0-S2352409X18307454-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2158/1353729"}, {"rel": "related", "href": 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The production of the high resolution imperviousness layers is coordinated by the EEA in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.", "keywords": ["United Kingdom", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "Land use", "Soil", "Buildings and construction", "urban area", "built-up area", "landscape alteration", "land use", "soil surface sealing", "sealing", "land cover", "built environment", "Land cover", "Land use", "European"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["distributor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "b3137efa-cddd-4413-af0e-894dd11e2151", "name": "item", "description": "b3137efa-cddd-4413-af0e-894dd11e2151", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/b3137efa-cddd-4413-af0e-894dd11e2151"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2019-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 71.17], [44.81, 71.17], [44.81, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "built environment"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "updated": "2024-02-06T16:44:27.191Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-08-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Share of Built-up 2018 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Aug. 2020", "description": "The Share of Built-up (SBU) layer for the reference year 2018 represents share (percentage) of built-up (IBU) for the reference year 2018 in an aggregated version of 100m spatial resolution for the EEA38 countries and the United Kingdom. The production of the high resolution imperviousness layers is coordinated by the EEA in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme. \n\nThe high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.\n\nThe 100 meter aggregate raster (fully conformant with the EEA reference grid) is provided as a full EEA38 and United Kingdom mosaic.\n\nMore information about the product specifications can be found here: https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-impervious-built-up/impervious-built-up-2018.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land use", "Land cover", "United Kingdom", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "urban area", "land cover", "soil surface sealing", "built-up area", "landscape alteration", "land use", "sealing", "built environment", "European", "Buildings and construction", "Land use", "Soil"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["distributor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/impervious-built-up-2018#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce", "name": "item", "description": "a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/a807e528-431a-4dca-a6cd-0e8947563fce"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2019-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 71.17], [44.81, 71.17], [44.81, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental accounting"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "urban sprawl"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "soil degradation"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "updated": "2021-04-27T10:05:04.186Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-01-28", "language": "eng", "title": "High Resolution Layer: Imperviousness Density 2006 (raster 100m) accounting layer, Jan. 2019", "description": "The current resource was derived from original Copernicus High Resolution Layer Imperviousness Density 2006 product for the purposes of imperviousness indicator (LSI002) calculations within the EEA LEAC CUBE environment. The dataset is also input to the imperviousness indicator itself.\n\nThe high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).\nThis series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (100% - +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product. The latest version (published: 15/01/2019) of 100m resolution imperviousness status layers represents a time series consistent with 100m resolution imperviousness change layers - the cell by cell difference of the degree of imperviousness status corresponds to the degree of imperviousness change. The production of the High Resolution Imperviousness products was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "EEA:FILEPATH"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "environmental accounting", "built-up area", "soil surface sealing", "urban sprawl", "sealing", "land use", "soil degradation", "EEA39", "European", "Buildings and construction", "Land use", "Soil"], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.03"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/webdav/datastore/public/eea_r_3035_100_m_imd-2006-acc_p_2005-2007_v01_r03/sealed_2006_sqm_d03.tif", "protocol": "EEA:FILEPATH", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/imperviousness-in-europe", "name": "Imperviousness in Europe dashboard", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4", "name": "Direct download", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://land.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/Imperviousness/sealed2006/ImageServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://land.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/Imperviousness/sealed2006/ImageServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4", "name": "item", "description": "8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/8fe3f1dc-80d8-4d2f-b35e-7f26485a65e4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2005-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2007-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-35.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 84.0], [47.0, 84.0], [47.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 27.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Mineral resources"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Energy resources"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Production and industrial facilities"}, {"id": "Protected sites"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Geographical names"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EU28 (2013-2020)"}, {"id": "Faeroe Islands"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Isle of Man"}, {"id": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)"}, {"id": "North Macedonia"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "Vatican"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "EFTA4"}, {"id": "Liechtenstein"}, {"id": "Serbia"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "harbour"}, {"id": "estuary"}, {"id": "surface water"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "data base"}, {"id": "road"}, {"id": "high-speed railway"}, {"id": "geo-referenced data"}, {"id": "airport"}, {"id": "dam"}, {"id": "drainage"}, {"id": "tidal water"}, {"id": "international watercourse"}, {"id": "river"}, {"id": "car park"}, {"id": "waterway"}, {"id": "lake"}, {"id": "coast"}, {"id": "national boundary"}, {"id": "geography"}, {"id": "in situ"}, {"id": "railway"}, {"id": "vegetation"}, {"id": "railway network"}, {"id": "glacier"}, {"id": "highway"}, {"id": "artificial lake"}, {"id": "water (geographic)"}, {"id": "administrative boundary"}, {"id": "route planning"}, {"id": "human settlement"}, {"id": "hydrography"}, {"id": "transportation"}, {"id": "waterfall"}, {"id": "maritime transport"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Transport and mobility"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Water"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "rights": "The Commission will store the geographic data set on a central server that is accessible by Commission staff. Eurostat will distribute parts or the entire data within the Commission, to the EU Executive Agencies and to subcontractors. The Commission is authorised to use the geographic data as follows: (1) As geographic reference, i.e. creating a geographical context for other data. (2) For the production of maps, publications, posters, presentations and statistical analysis. (3) For deriving new geographic datasets by applying data manipulation procedures, e.g. combining different geographic datasets, generalisation procedures including smoothing and dropping of spatial features, adding new attribute information. Examples of derived geographic data are the NUTS map or the Trans European Transport Network. (4) For distributing the geographic data within the Commission as well as to the public in the form of publications, posters, presentations, derived analysed statistical data and derived geographic datasets. (5) For inclusion of the geographic data as map services in other applications provided that it will not possible to extract the original geographic data. (6) For spatial analysis and for mapping of results of these analysis.\nThe license conditions are spelled out in the \"LicenseConditions.pdf\" document provided together with the dataset.", "updated": "2025-10-09T11:21:19.681465Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-01-20", "language": "eng", "title": "EuroRegionalMap 2019 (ERM 2019), Jan. 2019", "description": "EuroRegionalMap (ERM) is a Pan-European topographic vector dataset at scale 1:250000, that is, seamless and harmonized across boundaries. It is produced in cooperation by the National Mapping Agencies of the participating countries (NMCAs) using official national databases. \nThematic layers: Administrative Boundaries (BND), Hydrography (HYDRO), Miscellaneous (MISC), Named Location (NAME), Settlement (POP), Transportation (TRANS), Vegetation and Soils (VEG) as well as Points of Interest.\nThis metadata refers to the version 2019 of ERM, with the general reference for the supply being December 2018. The dataset is provided both in GDB and SHP formats. Main changes with respect to versions ERM v11.0 and v11.1 are:\n- The administrative boundaries have been updated using EBM 2019 as data source. Some countries (Great Britain, Moldova and Romania) have slightly adapted them so to fit with the topographical features of ERM.\n- Update of transportation, settlement, vegetation themes. \n- Data from Ukraine as well as French Guiana (GF), Guadeloupe (GP), Martinique (MQ), Reunion (RE), Mayotte (YT), Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (BL) and Saint Martin (MF) as overseas departments/collectivities of France belonging to the European Union are included in ERM 2019.\nFor more information about the data product specifications please refer to the documents \"ERM_2019_DataSpecification_EuroStat.pdf\", \"ERM_2019_TechnicalGuide.pdf\" and \"ERM_Eurostat_Lineage_ERM_2019.pdf\" provided with the dataset under the link \"Documents\".\nIMPORTANT NOTE: This dataset is only to be used internally in the EEA, for the purposes and under the conditions stated under the \"Resource Constraints\" elements of this metadata file and on the document \"LicenseConditions.pdf\" provided with this dataset under the link \"Documents\". This metadata has been slightly adapted from the original metadata file provided by EuroGeographics and is to be used only for internal EEA purposes. For reference, the original metadata file created by EuroGeographics is provided together with the dataset under \"Documents\" link (\"ERM_Eurostat_Metadata_ERM_2019.xml\" within the \"Metadata\").", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["Mineral resources", "Hydrography", "Energy resources", "Administrative units", "Production and industrial facilities", "Protected sites", "Land use", "Soil", "Transport networks", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Utility and governmental services", "Land cover", "Geographical names", "EU28 (2013-2020)", "Faeroe Islands", "Andorra", "Monaco", "Georgia", "Isle of Man", "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "North Macedonia", "Moldova", "San Marino", "Vatican", "Ukraine", "EFTA4", "Liechtenstein", "Serbia", "built-up area", "harbour", "estuary", "surface water", "soil", "data base", "road", "high-speed railway", "geo-referenced data", "airport", "dam", "drainage", "tidal water", "international watercourse", "river", "car park", "waterway", "lake", "coast", "national boundary", "geography", "in situ", "railway", "vegetation", "railway network", "glacier", "highway", "artificial lake", "water (geographic)", "administrative boundary", "route planning", "human settlement", "hydrography", "transportation", "waterfall", "maritime transport", "European", "Land use", "Transport and mobility", "Buildings and construction", "Soil", "Water"], "denominator": "250000", "edition": "12.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "item", "description": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2018-12-01T00:00:00Z", "2018-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "f29fe685-2639-4ebf-a773-974cd685eb79", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.71, 49.44], [5.71, 50.17], [6.5, 50.17], [6.5, 49.44], [5.71, 49.44]]]}, "properties": {"updated": "2024-12-09T11:59:37.243353Z", "type": "Service", "created": "2024-06-10T12:00:00", "language": "eng", "title": "INSPIRE Discovery Service - CSW", "description": "CSW discovery service from the INSPIRE catalog containing the description of geographic data, services and applications covering Luxembourg territory.", "formats": [{"name": "OGC:CSW"}], "keywords": ["INSPIRE", "infoCatalogueService", "Administrative units", "Environmental monitoring facilities", "Geographical grid systems", "Natural risk zones", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Mineral resources", "Soil", "Agricultural and aquaculture facilities", "Bio-geographical regions", "Species distribution", "Land use", "Geology", "Land cover", "Cadastral parcels", "Transport networks", "Geographical names", "Habitats and biotopes", "Protected sites", "Orthoimagery", "Human health and safety", "Energy resources", "Buildings", "Statistical units", "Meteorological geographical features", "Coordinate reference systems", "Addresses", "Production and industrial facilities", "Hydrography", "Utility and governmental services", "Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units", "Elevation", "Catalogue service", "Catalogue viewer"], "contacts": [{"name": "Bernard Reisch and Jeff Konnen", "organization": "Administration du cadastre et de la topographie", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "inspire@act.etat.lu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["54, avenue Gaston Diderich"], "city": "Luxembourg", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "L-1420", "country": "Luxembourg"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://act.public.lu/fr.html", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoCatalogueService"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/inspire-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Environmental monitoring facilities"}, {"id": "Geographical grid systems"}, {"id": "Natural risk zones"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Mineral resources"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Agricultural and aquaculture facilities"}, {"id": "Bio-geographical regions"}, {"id": "Species distribution"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Geology"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Cadastral parcels"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Geographical names"}, {"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}, {"id": "Protected sites"}, {"id": "Orthoimagery"}, {"id": "Human health and safety"}, {"id": "Energy resources"}, {"id": "Buildings"}, {"id": "Statistical units"}, {"id": "Meteorological geographical features"}, {"id": "Coordinate reference systems"}, {"id": "Addresses"}, {"id": "Production and industrial facilities"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}, {"id": "Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units"}, {"id": "Elevation"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Catalogue service"}, {"id": "Catalogue viewer"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialDataServiceCategory"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://catalog.inspire.geoportail.lu/geonetwork/srv/eng/csw?SERVICE=CSW&VERSION=2.0.2&REQUEST=GetCapabilities", "name": "Discovery Service - 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Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:37:30.41954Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-08-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Share of Built-Up Change Classified 2018-2021 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, May 2025", "description": "The Share of Built-Up Change Classified (SBCC) 2018-2021 layer is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and provides categorical information on the change of built-up per pixel between the reference years 2018 and 2021 as derived from a re-classification of the Share of Built-Up Change (IMDC) 2021\u20132018 layer. The production of the HRL Imperviousness is coordinated by EEA in the frame of Copernicus, the Earth observation component of the European Union\u2019s Space programme.\n\nThe product is a raster dataset with 100-meter grid spacing (spatial resolution) that covers the 38 Eionet member and cooperating countries as well as the United Kingdom (i.e. EEA38+UK). It is distributed as 100 x 100 km tiles that are fully conformant with the EEA reference grid.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "Land use", "United Kingdom", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "soil surface sealing", "urban area", "sealing", "land use", "built-up area", "built environment", "land cover", "landscape alteration", "European", "Soil", "Land use", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/impervious-built-up-change-2018-2021", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://wekeo.copernicus.eu/data?view=catalogue&facets=contactOrg%7EEuropean+Environment+Agency", "name": "WEkEO Portal", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/12f1df1b-999e-46ba-9b00-fc9fb9ad6e82", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/api/records/12f1df1b-999e-46ba-9b00-fc9fb9ad6e82/attachments/SDI_SBCC_100m_paris.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "12f1df1b-999e-46ba-9b00-fc9fb9ad6e82", "name": "item", "description": "12f1df1b-999e-46ba-9b00-fc9fb9ad6e82", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/12f1df1b-999e-46ba-9b00-fc9fb9ad6e82"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2018-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "17b26358-df10-4def-9991-fb395ce64933", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 66.57], [-13.42, 66.57], [-13.42, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:38:25.675826Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-06", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2006 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "landscape alteration", "urban area", "built environment", "sealing", "land cover", "land use", "soil surface sealing", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Soil", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "03.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2006/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "1", "description": "Imperviousness density 2006 100m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2006/MapServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-density-2006#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/17b26358-df10-4def-9991-fb395ce64933", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/17b26358-df10-4def-9991-fb395ce64933.png", "name": "preview", 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"https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/thesaurus/naturalearth-and-seavox"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "sealing"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "https://applications.eea.europa.eu/ManagementPlan/default.aspx#"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-21T12:56:53.41899Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2021 (raster 10 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Jun. 2025", "description": "The Imperviousness Density (IMD) 2021 layer is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and contains the approximate density of artificial sealing per pixel (range: 0-100%) for the reference year 2021 as derived from Sentinel-2 image time series. The production of the HRL Imperviousness is coordinated by EEA in the frame of Copernicus, the Earth observation component of the European Union\u2019s Space programme.\n\nThe product is a raster dataset with 10-meter grid spacing (spatial resolution) that covers the 38 Eionet member and cooperating countries as well as the United Kingdom (i.e. EEA38+UK). It is distributed as 100 x 100 km tiles that are fully conformant with the EEA reference grid.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "Land use", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "land cover", "built-up area", "landscape alteration", "land use", "urban area", "built environment", "soil surface sealing", "sealing", "European", "Soil", "Buildings and construction", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "JRC-Copernicus-Land@ec.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "JRC-Copernicus-Land@ec.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "10", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://wekeo.copernicus.eu/data?view=catalogue&facets=contactOrg%7EEuropean+Environment+Agency", "name": "WEkEO Portal", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoserver.geoville.com/geoserver/nvlcc/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "HRL_NVLCC_IMD_10m", "description": "CLMS_NVLCC_IMD_S2021_R10m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/34ef6334-d432-4041-a3da-67e156d6501d", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/api/records/34ef6334-d432-4041-a3da-67e156d6501d/attachments/SDI_IMD_10m_paris.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "34ef6334-d432-4041-a3da-67e156d6501d", "name": "item", "description": "34ef6334-d432-4041-a3da-67e156d6501d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/34ef6334-d432-4041-a3da-67e156d6501d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2021-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-27.25, 34.54], [-27.25, 72.05], [46.58, 72.05], [46.58, 34.54], [-27.25, 34.54]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/thesaurus/naturalearth-and-seavox"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "land use"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "https://applications.eea.europa.eu/ManagementPlan/default.aspx#"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-21T12:47:45.38666Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Impervious Built-Up Change 2018-2021 (raster 20 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Jun. 2025", "description": "The Impervious Built-Up Change (IBUC) 2018-2021 layer is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and provides categorical information on the change of built-up per pixel as derived from the difference between the Impervious Built-Up (IBU) status layers for the reference years 2018 and 2021. The production of the HRL Imperviousness is coordinated by EEA in the frame of Copernicus, the Earth observation component of the European Union\u2019s Space programme.\n\nThe product is a raster dataset with 20-meter grid spacing (spatial resolution) that covers the 38 Eionet member and cooperating countries as well as the United Kingdom (i.e. EEA38+UK). It is distributed as 100 x 100 km tiles that are fully conformant with the EEA reference grid.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "Land use", "United Kingdom", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "land cover", "built environment", "soil surface sealing", "built-up area", "landscape alteration", "sealing", "urban area", "land use", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Soil", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "20", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoserver.geoville.com/geoserver/nvlcc/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "HRL_NVLCC_IBUC_20m", "description": "CLMS_NVLCC_IBUC_C2018-2021_R20m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://wekeo.copernicus.eu/data?view=catalogue&facets=contactOrg%7EEuropean+Environment+Agency", "name": "WEkEO Portal", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/api/records/3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b/attachments/SDI_IBUC_200m_paris.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b", "name": "item", "description": "3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3641fdef-fb65-42a6-b6ec-92d168a4191b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2018-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 71.17], [44.81, 71.17], [44.81, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:45:57.97122Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-08-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2018 (raster 10 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Aug. 2020", "description": "The High Resolution Layer on Imperviousness Density 2018 is a thematic product showing the sealing density in the range from 0-100% for the period 2018 (including data from 2017-2019) for the EEA-38 area and the United Kingdom. The production of the high resolution imperviousness layers is coordinated by EEA in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.\n\nThe high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.\n\nData is provided as 10 meter rasters (fully conformant with the EEA reference grid) in 100 x 100 km tiles grouped according to the EEA38 countries and the United Kingdom.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "Land use", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "land cover", "urban area", "sealing", "soil surface sealing", "built-up area", "land use", "built environment", "landscape alteration", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Buildings and construction", "Soil", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "10", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2018/ImageServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2018/ImageServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-density-2018#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862", "name": "item", "description": "3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3bf542bd-eebd-4d73-b53c-a0243f2ed862"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2018-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 71.17], [44.81, 71.17], [44.81, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "land use"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-09-17T10:20:14.055267Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Share of Built-Up 2021 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Jun 2025", "description": "The Share of Built-Up (SBU) 2021 is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and contains the share (percentage) of built-up per pixel for the reference year 2021  as derived from a pixel aggregation of the binary Impervious Built-Up (IBU) 2021 layer. The production of the HRL Imperviousness is coordinated by EEA in the frame of Copernicus, the Earth observation component of the European Union\u2019s Space programme.\n\nThe product is a raster dataset with 100-meter grid spacing (spatial resolution) that covers the 38 Eionet member and cooperating countries as well as the United Kingdom (i.e. EEA38+UK). It is distributed as 100 x 100 km tiles that are fully conformant with the EEA reference grid.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land use", "Land cover", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "land use", "sealing", "built-up area", "urban area", "soil surface sealing", "land cover", "built environment", "landscape alteration", "European", "Land use", "Buildings and construction", "Soil"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/impervious-built-up-2021", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://wekeo.copernicus.eu/data?view=catalogue&facets=contactOrg%7EEuropean+Environment+Agency", "name": "WEkEO Portal", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/api/records/3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa/attachments/SDI_SBU_paris.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa", "name": "item", "description": "3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3d7ab052-c643-4b4b-83b2-7965ecd096aa"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2021-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 66.57], [-13.42, 66.57], [-13.42, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "Access to data is based on a principle of full, open and free access as established by the Copernicus data and information policy Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013. This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users.\n\nFree, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:\n\n1. When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.\n\n2. Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.\n\n3. Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n4. The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced \u201cwith funding by the European Union\u201d.", "updated": "2024-12-11T16:10:43.169783Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density Change 2006-2012 (raster 20 m), Europe, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "sealing", "land use", "urban area", "land cover", "soil surface sealing", "built environment", "landscape alteration", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Buildings and construction", "Soil"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["distributor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "distancevalue": "20", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "03.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_06_12/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "Imperviousness density change 06-12 20m", "description": "Imperviousness density change 06-12 20m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_06_12/MapServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-change-2006-2012#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e", "name": "item", "description": "3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3de1ca12-d9a2-40bf-ae55-5c5026b8b90e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2006-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2012-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 71.17], [44.81, 71.17], [44.81, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "built environment"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "Access to data is based on a principle of full, open and free access as established by the Copernicus data and information policy Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013. This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users.\n\nFree, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:\n\n1. When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.\n\n2. Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.\n\n3. Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n4. The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced \u201cwith funding by the European Union\u201d.", "updated": "2025-01-13T11:08:33.109126Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-08-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Impervious Built-Up 2018 (raster 10 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Aug. 2020", "description": "The Impervious Built-up (IBU) layer for the reference year 2018 is a thematic product showing the binary information of building (class 1) and no building (class 0) within the sealing outline derived from the Imperviousness Density layer for the period 2018 for the EEA38 countries and the United Kingdom. The production of the high resolution imperviousness layers is coordinated by the EEA in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.\n\nThe high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.\n\nThe dataset is provided as 10 meter rasters (fully conformant with the EEA reference grid) in 100 x 100 km tiles grouped according to the EEA38 and the United Kingdom.\n\nMore information about this product can be found here: https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-impervious-built-up/impervious-built-up-2018.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land use", "Land cover", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "urban area", "land cover", "soil surface sealing", "built-up area", "landscape alteration", "land use", "sealing", "built environment", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Soil", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["distributor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "distancevalue": "10", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_BuiltUp_2018/ImageServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_BuiltUp_2018/ImageServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/impervious-built-up-2018#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e", "name": "item", "description": "3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3e412def-a4e6-4413-98bb-42b571afd15e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2019-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3eccb338-d7d4-43e5-be77-ac0b6afc9aa7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 66.57], [-13.42, 66.57], [-13.42, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "built environment"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:46:32.105318Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-26", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density Change 2006-2009 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "land cover", "urban area", "sealing", "landscape alteration", "soil surface sealing", "land use", "built environment", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Buildings and construction", "Soil", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, 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Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:47:28.34959Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Share of Built-Up Change 2018-2021 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Jun 2025", "description": "The Share of Built-Up Change (SBUC) 2018-2021 layer is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and contains the change of built-up per pixel (increase or decrease in percentage) as derived from the difference between the Impervious Built-Up (IBU) status layers for the reference years 2018 and 2021, in an aggregated version of 100m spatial resolution. 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INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "built environment"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:47:42.424776Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Classified Change 2006-2012 (raster 20 m), Europe, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. 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Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:47:59.524695Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density Change 2012-2015 (raster 20 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. 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Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:50:22.193201Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-08-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2018 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Aug. 2020", "description": "The High Resolution Layer on Imperviousness Density 2018 with 100 m resolution is a thematic product showing the sealing density in the range from 0-100% in an aggregated version (100m) for the period 2018 (including data from 2017-2019) for the EEA-38 area and the United Kingdom. The production of the high resolution imperviousness layers is coordinated by EEA in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.\n\nThe high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.\n\nThe dataset in 100 meter aggregate raster (fully conformant with the EEA reference grid) is provided as a full EEA38 and United Kingdom mosaic.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "DOI"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "Land use", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "soil surface sealing", "built-up area", "land cover", "built environment", "land use", "sealing", "urban area", "landscape alteration", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Soil", "Buildings and construction", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, 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establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:50:31.402946Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-06", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2006 (raster 20 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "soil surface sealing", "sealing", "land use", "land cover", "landscape alteration", "built environment", "urban area", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Buildings and construction", "Soil"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": 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"function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "20", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "03.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2006/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "0", "description": "Imperviousness density 2006 20m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2006/MapServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-density-2006#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/532f0b73-66c3-46f6-b5a5-d1cccd140433", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/532f0b73-66c3-46f6-b5a5-d1cccd140433.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "532f0b73-66c3-46f6-b5a5-d1cccd140433", "name": "item", "description": "532f0b73-66c3-46f6-b5a5-d1cccd140433", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/532f0b73-66c3-46f6-b5a5-d1cccd140433"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2005-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2007-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 66.57], [-13.42, 66.57], [-13.42, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": 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This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users.\n\nFree, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:\n\n1. When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.\n\n2. Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.\n\n3. Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n4. The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced \u201cwith funding by the European Union\u201d.", "updated": "2024-12-11T16:11:07.660036Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density Change 2009-2012 (raster 20 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "soil surface sealing", "landscape alteration", "urban area", "land cover", "land use", "built environment", "sealing", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Soil", "Land use", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["distributor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "Copernicus Land Portal", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "distancevalue": "20", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "03.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_09_12/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "Imperviousness density change 09-12 20m", "description": "Imperviousness density change 09-12 20m", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_09_12/MapServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-change-2009-2012#Download", "name": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39", "name": "item", "description": "53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/53eb2a55-4537-41ef-938f-603a52a5eb39"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2008-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2013-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "551d6741-84d0-43fb-bda8-1768d51bbb4c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-10.62, 34.56], [-10.62, 71.19], [44.82, 71.19], [44.82, 34.56], [-10.62, 34.56]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EU27 (2007-2013)"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.2"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Urban sustainability"}, {"id": "Environmental health impacts"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "Access to data is based on a principle of full, open and free access as established by the Copernicus data and information policy Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013. This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users.\n\nFree, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:\n\n1. When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.\n\n2. Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.\n\n3. Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n4. The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced \u201cwith funding by the European Union\u201d.", "updated": "2024-02-06T16:46:53.997Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2015-07-11", "language": "eng", "title": "Urban Atlas Land Cover/Land Use 2006 (vector), Europe, 6-yearly, Jul. 2015", "description": "The European Urban Atlas provides reliable, inter-comparable, high-resolution land use maps for 305 Large Urban Zones and their surroundings (more than 100.000 inhabitants as defined by the Urban Audit) for the reference year 2006 in EU member states.\n\nUrban Atlas is a joint initiative of the European Commission Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy and the Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme, with the support of the European Space Agency and the European Environment Agency.", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": 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"properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "land use"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-09-17T07:36:39.272092Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density 2021 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Jun 2025", "description": "The Imperviousness Density (IMD) 2021 with a 100m pixel resolution, is part of the High Resolution Layer (HRL) Imperviousness and contains the approximate density of artificial sealing per pixel (range: 0-100%) for the reference year 2021 as derived from a pixel aggregation of the Imperviousness Density (IMD) 2021 (10m) layer. The production of the HRL Imperviousness is coordinated by EEA in the frame of Copernicus, the Earth observation component of the European Union\u2019s Space programme.\n\nThe product is a raster dataset with 100-meter grid spacing (spatial resolution) that covers the 38 Eionet member and cooperating countries as well as the United Kingdom (i.e. EEA38+UK). It is distributed as 100 x 100 km tiles that are fully conformant with the EEA reference grid.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land use", "Land cover", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "soil surface sealing", "land cover", "urban area", "built-up area", "built environment", "sealing", "landscape alteration", "land use", "European", "Soil", "Buildings and construction", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "copernicus@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://wekeo.copernicus.eu/data?view=catalogue&facets=contactOrg%7EEuropean+Environment+Agency", "name": "WEkEO Portal", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-density-2021", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2909/569736fc-5b1b-4df0-8742-f4098640e1fb", "protocol": "DOI", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/api/records/569736fc-5b1b-4df0-8742-f4098640e1fb/attachments/SDI_IMD_100m_paris.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "569736fc-5b1b-4df0-8742-f4098640e1fb", "name": "item", "description": "569736fc-5b1b-4df0-8742-f4098640e1fb", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/569736fc-5b1b-4df0-8742-f4098640e1fb"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2021-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "56b5c27b-ffaa-45c7-9b39-085dcbe725e4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.27, 27.64], [-31.27, 66.57], [-13.42, 66.57], [-13.42, 27.64], [-31.27, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land cover"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA39"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "landscape alteration"}, {"id": "urban area"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "soil surface sealing"}, {"id": "land cover"}, {"id": "sealing"}, {"id": "land use"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2018 3.6.1"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "license": "The Copernicus component is governed by Regulation (EU) No 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU. Within the Copernicus component, a portfolio of land monitoring activities has been delegated by the European Union to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the DG Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.\n\n              The Copernicus land monitoring products and services are made available on a principle of full, open and free access, as established by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013.\n\n              Free, full and open access to the products and services of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service is made on the conditions that:\n\n              1.     When distributing or communicating Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services (data, software scripts, web services, user and methodological documentation and similar) to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of these products and services.\n\n              2.     Where the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products and services have been adapted or modified by the user, the user shall clearly state this.\n\n              3.     Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the European Union.", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:51:25.922273Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-04-30", "language": "eng", "title": "Imperviousness Density Change 2012-2015 (raster 100 m), Europe, 3-yearly, Apr. 2018", "description": "The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "DOI"}], "keywords": ["Land cover", "EEA39", "landscape alteration", "urban area", "built environment", "soil surface sealing", "land cover", "sealing", "land use", "European", "2018 3.6.1", "Land use", "Soil", "Buildings and construction"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Commission", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://commission.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "JRC-Copernicus-Land@ec.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service helpdesk", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "JRC-Copernicus-Land@ec.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/contact-service-helpdesk", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "distancevalue": "100", "distanceuom": "m", "edition": "03.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_12_15/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "https://image.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/GioLandPublic/HRL_ImperviousnessChange_12_15/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "view"}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness", "name": "Product Information & Technical Documentation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/high-resolution-layer-imperviousness/imperviousness-change-2012-2015#download", "name": "CLMS Website", "description": "Download (requires authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD", "rel": "download"}, {"href": 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