{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-26", "title": "Comprehensive Comparison Of Gap-Filling Techniques For Eddy Covariance Net Carbon Fluxes", "description": "Abstract   We review 15 techniques for estimating missing values of net ecosystem CO 2  exchange (NEE) in eddy covariance time series and evaluate their performance for different artificial gap scenarios based on a set of 10 benchmark datasets from six forested sites in Europe.  The goal of gap filling is the reproduction of the NEE time series and hence this present work focuses on estimating missing NEE values, not on editing or the removal of suspect values in these time series due to systematic errors in the measurements (e.g., nighttime flux, advection). The gap filling was examined by generating 50 secondary datasets with artificial gaps (ranging in length from single half-hours to 12 consecutive days) for each benchmark dataset and evaluating the performance with a variety of statistical metrics. The performance of the gap filling varied among sites and depended on the level of aggregation (native half-hourly time step versus daily), long gaps were more difficult to fill than short gaps, and differences among the techniques were more pronounced during the day than at night.  The non-linear regression techniques (NLRs), the look-up table (LUT), marginal distribution sampling (MDS), and the semi-parametric model (SPM) generally showed good overall performance. The artificial neural network based techniques (ANNs) were generally, if only slightly, superior to the other techniques. The simple interpolation technique of mean diurnal variation (MDV) showed a moderate but consistent performance. Several sophisticated techniques, the dual unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the multiple imputation method (MIM), the terrestrial biosphere model (BETHY), but also one of the ANNs and one of the NLRs showed high biases which resulted in a low reliability of the annual sums, indicating that additional development might be needed. An uncertainty analysis comparing the estimated random error in the 10 benchmark datasets with the artificial gap residuals suggested that the techniques are already at or very close to the noise limit of the measurements. Based on the techniques and site data examined here, the effect of gap filling on the annual sums of NEE is modest, with most techniques falling within a range of \u00b125\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 .", "keywords": ["Net ecosystem exchange (NEE)", "Gap-filling comparison", "550", "FLUXNET", "0207 environmental engineering", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Carbon flux", "Review of gap-filling techniques", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract<p>Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.</p", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "FLOW", "WOOD", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "Article", "LEAF", "preconditioning", "leaf litter; stream; catchment; organic carbon; organic matter degradation; carbon cycling; preconditioning; flow intermittence; modelling", "HETEROGENEITY", "Organic carbon", "organic matter degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "CARBON FLUXES", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Leaf litter", "Carbon cycle", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "flow intermittence", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "STREAM", "Stream", "Catchments", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unive.it/bitstream/10278/5031900/2/Catalan_et_al_Ecosystems_2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-26", "title": "Linking Dissolved Organic Carbon Cycling To Organic Carbon Fluxes In Rice Paddies Under Different Water Management Practices", "description": "Although paddy soils are generally characterized by relatively high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and fluxes, little is yet known on how water management influences the cycling of this important organic C pool. This work aims at providing insights into the link between DOC cycling during rice cropping and organic C input to the subsoils and export with surface waters, as well as methane (CH4) emissions in a temperate paddy soil as a function of different water management practices. DOC quantity, quality and fluxes, as well as CH4 emissions were evaluated at field-scale over two cropping seasons for three water management systems including continuous flooding, dry seeding with delayed flooding, and intermittent irrigation. DOC cycling in the different water management systems were strongly linked to the reducing soil conditions resulting from field flooding. In contrast to dry seeding or intermittent irrigation, adoption of continuous flooding not only favoured the accumulation of DOC in the topsoil (>10\u201320\u00a0mg C l\u22121), but also enhanced C inputs to the subsoil (33\u201351\u00a0g C m\u22122), and exports with surface waters (18\u201344\u00a0g C m\u22122). Moreover, changes in DOC quality in paddy soils were linked to a positive feedback on the abiotic release of soil-derived DOC, and substrate availability for CH4 production. Water management practices in rice paddies strongly affect the temporal trends in DOC quantity and quality over the cropping season, with important implications on organic C fluxes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic carbon fluxes", " soil redox conditions", " reductive dissolution", " surfacewaters", " subsoil", " methane emissions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1543501/4/Said-Pullicino_Open%20access.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2751-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Respiration And Biomass In Quercus Variabilis Blume And Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings", "description": "AbstractKey messageIn the open-field warming experiment using infrared heaters, 3\u00a0\u00b0C warming affected soil respiration more in the deciduousQuercus variabilisBlume plot than in the evergreenPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. plot, but did not affect the plant biomass in either species.ContextUnderstanding the species-specific responses of belowground carbon processes to warming is essential for the accurate prediction of forest carbon cycles in ecosystems affected by future climate change.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental warming on soil CO2 efflux, soil-air CO2 concentration, and plant biomass for two taxonomically different temperate tree species.MethodsExperimental warming was conducted in an open-field planted with Q. variabilis and P. densiflora seedlings. Infrared heaters increased the air temperature by 3\u00a0\u00b0C in the warmed plots compared with the air temperature in the control plots over a 2-year period.ResultsThe increase in air and soil temperature stimulated soil CO2 efflux by 29 and 22\u00a0% for the Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, respectively. Seasonal variation in the warming effect on soil CO2 efflux was species-specific. Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to both soil temperature and soil water content. The soil moisture deficit decreased the difference in soil CO2 efflux between the control and warmed plots. Warming did not affect soil CO2 concentration and plant biomass in either species; however, the mean soil CO2 concentration was positively correlated with root and total biomass.ConclusionWarming increased soil CO2 efflux in both Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, while the increase showed remarkable seasonal variations and different magnitudes for the two species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil temperature", "evergreen tree", "soil water", "Red pine", "seedling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "Pinus resinosa", "Climate change", "Pinus densiflora", "seasonal variation", "concentration (composition)", "Quercus variabilis", "Oriental oak", "carbon dioxide", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "air temperature", "carbon flux", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "coniferous tree", "phytomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experimental warming", "soil moisture", "deciduous tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-22", "title": "Net Ecosystem Production And Carbon Balance Of An Src Poplar Plantation During Its First Rotation", "description": "AbstractTo evaluate the potential of woody bioenergy crops as an alternative energy source, there is need for a more comprehensive understanding of their carbon cycling and their allocation patterns throughout the lifespan. We therefore quantified the net ecosystem production (NEP) of a poplar (Populus) short rotation coppice (SRC) culture in Flanders during its second growing season.Eddy covariance (EC) techniques were applied to obtain the annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the plantation. Further, by applying a component-flux-based approach NEP was calculated as the difference between the modelled gross photosynthesis and the respiratory fluxes from foliage, stem and soil obtained via upscaling from chamber measurements. A combination of biomass sampling, inventories and upscaling techniques was used to determine NEP via a pool-change-based approach.Across the three approaches, the net carbon balance ranged from 96 to 199\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121 indicating a significant net carbon uptake by the SRC culture. During the establishment year the SRC culture was a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, but already during the second growing season there was a significant net uptake. Both the component-flux-based and pool-change-based approaches resulted in higher values (47\u2013108%) than the EC-estimation of NEE, though the results were comparable considering the considerable and variable uncertainty levels involved in the different approaches. The efficient biomass production \u2013 with the highest part of the total carbon uptake allocated to the aboveground wood \u2013 led the poplars to counterbalance the soil carbon losses resulting from land use change in a short period of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NEE", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Physics", "Carbon pools", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Net primary production", "Carbon budget", "Populus", "Carbon fluxes", "Biology", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Waste Management and Disposal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-07", "title": "Quantifying Degradative Loss of Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments Across the Laptev and East Siberian Sea", "description": "Abstract<p>Ongoing permafrost thaw in the Arctic may remobilize large amounts of old organic matter. Upon transport to the Siberian shelf seas, this material may be degraded and released to the atmosphere, exported off\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf, or buried in the sediments. While our understanding of the fate of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter in shelf waters is improving, poor constraints remain regarding degradation in sediments. Here we use an extensive data set of organic carbon concentrations and isotopes (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0109) to inventory terrigenous organic carbon (terrOC) in surficial sediments of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS). Of these ~2.7 Tg terrOC about 55% appear resistant to degradation on a millennial timescale. A first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order degradation rate constant of 1.5\uffc2\uffa0kyr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 is derived by combining a previously established relationship between water depth and cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90terrOC transport time with mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated terrOC loadings. This yields a terrOC degradation flux of ~1.7\uffc2\uffa0Gg/year from surficial sediments during cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf transport, which is orders of magnitude lower than earlier estimates for degradation fluxes of dissolved and particulate terrOC in the water column of the LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS. The difference is mainly due to the low degradation rate constant of sedimentary terrOC, likely caused by a combination of factors: (i) the lower availability of oxygen in the sediments compared to fully oxygenated waters, (ii) the stabilizing role of terrOC\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral associations, and (iii) the higher proportion of material that is intrinsically recalcitrant due to its chemical/molecular structure in sediments. Sequestration of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90released terrOC in shelf sediments may thereby attenuate the otherwise expected permafrost carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback.</p", "keywords": ["carbon fluxes; degradation; Arctic shelves; permafrost; marine sediments", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "carbon fluxes", "Arctic shelves", "marine sediments", "Research Articles", "degradation", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005967"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gb005967"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018gb005967", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018gb005967"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin", "description": "Summary   Land-surface models are important tools for simulation of the past, present, and future capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, fluvial carbon (C) transfers are presently neglected in these models. Using the Amazon basin as a case study, we show that this negligence leads to significant underestimation of the net uptake of atmospheric C while terrestrial C storage changes are overestimated. These biases arise from the fact that C\u2014in reality, leached from soils and exported through the river network\u2014is instead represented as partly being respired and partly being stored in soils. Moreover, these biases scale mainly to the fluvial C export to the coast, despite aquatic CO2 emission to the atmosphere being the major pathway of riverine C exports. We further show that fluvial C transfers may change significantly in response to changes in either hydrology or in atmospheric C uptake by vegetation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NEE", "550", "0207 environmental engineering", "G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rivers", "land-surface modeling", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "carbon cycle", "NBP", "Amazon river", "fluvial carbon fluxes", "land carbon sink", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315237/1/doi_298881.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/One%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-24", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Effects On Co2 And Methane Fluxes From An Upland Ecosystem", "description": "Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition can affect many ecosystem processes, particularly in oligotrophic habitats, and is expected to affect soil C storage potential through increases in microbial decomposition rate as a consequence of greater N availability. Increased N availability may also result in changes in the principal limitations on ecosystem productivity. Phosphorus (P) limitation may constrain productivity in instances of high N deposition, yet ecosystem responses to P availability are poorly understood. This study investigated CO2 and CH4 flux responses to N and P enrichment using both short- (1year) and long-term (16year) nutrient addition experiments. We hypothesised that the addition of either N or P will increase CO2 and CH4 fluxes, since both plant production and microbial activity are likely to increase with alleviation from nutrient limitation. This study demonstrated the modification of C fluxes from N and P enrichment, with differing results subject to the duration of nutrient addition. On average, relative to control, the addition of N alone inhibited CO2 flux in the short-term (-9%) but considerably increased CO2 emissions in the long-term (+35%), reduced CH4 uptake in the short term (-90%) and reduced CH4 emission in the long term (-94%). Phosphorus addition increased CO2 and CH4 emission in the short term (+20% and +184% respectively), with diminishing effect into the long term, suggesting microbial communities at these sites are P limited. Whilst a full C exchange budget was not examined in the experiment, the potential for soil C storage loss with long-term nutrient enrichment is demonstrated and indicates that P addition, where P is a limiting factor, may have an adverse influence on upland soil C content.", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "P limitation", "13. Climate action", "pollution", "soil carbon", "carbon fluxes", "15. Life on land", "co-limitation", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stiles, William A.V., Rowe, Edwin C., Dennis, Peter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16394", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-17", "title": "Lowering water table reduces carbon sink strength and carbon stocks in northern peatlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated &gt;400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCH4) using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT &lt;20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm on average (seasonal max up to 45\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8934\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; including 6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff897\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff93CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and decreased CH4 emission by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894\uffe2\uff80\uff89g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, thus accumulating less C over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89360\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost peatlands lost &gt;2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years when WT is lowered by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.</p", "keywords": ["570", "Carbon Sequestration", "permafrost thaw", "land surface model", "551", "01 natural sciences", "manipulation experiment", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Groundwater", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "carbon stock", "high latitude", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Carbon", "carbon flux", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Methane", "drainage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/190653/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Kwon%20-%20Lowering%20water%20table%20reduces%20carbon%20sink%20strength%20and%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20northern.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.16394"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16394"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16394", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16394", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16394"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-11", "title": "Shifts In Plant Respiration And Carbon Use Efficiency At A Large-Scale Drought Experiment In The Eastern Amazon", "description": "<p>Featured paper: See Editorial p553</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "550", "plant community", "carbon fixation", "Carbon use efficiency", "Cell Respiration", "Amazon rain forest", "drought", "Gross primary productivity", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "metabolism Amazon rain forest", "Trees", "Soil", "cell respiration", "Keywords: carbon", "partitioning", "Ecosystem", "ecosystem", "Carbon cycling", "Drought", "Bacteria", "article", "carbon dioxide", "net primary production", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "bacterium", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Net primary productivity", "Droughts", "carbon flux", "Carbon dioxide", "rainforest", "respiration", "Partitioning", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79387/5/f5625xPUB78382010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79387/7/01_Metcalfe_Shifts_in_plant_respiration_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03319.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-06", "title": "Habitat Type Determines Herbivory Controls Over Co2 Fluxes In A Warmer Arctic", "description": "High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "Barnacle Goose", "herbivory", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "Branta leucopsis", "Feeding Behavior", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Random Allocation", "Arctic", "climate change", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Geese", "Animals", "carbon fluxes", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sjogersten, Sofie, Van der Wal, Rene, Woodin, Sarah J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:20:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Majadas de Tietar: Ecosystem level and understorey carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem", "description": "Open Access{'references': ['Casals, P. et al., 2009. Soil CO2 efflux and extractable organic carbon fractions under simulated precipitation events in a Mediterranean Dehesa. Soil Biol. Biochem. 41, 1915 u20131922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.015', 'El-Madany, T.S.,et al., 2018 (Accepted). Drivers of spatio-temporal variability of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes in a Mediterranean savanna ecosystem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.07.010', 'Knauer, J., et al.,(Accepted). bigleaf - An R package for the calculation of physical and physiological ecosystem properties from eddy covariance data. PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201114', 'Perez-Priego O,  et al., 2017. Evaluation of eddy covariance latent heat fluxes with independent lysimeter and sapflow estimates in a Mediterranean savannah ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 236: 87-99. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.009.', 'Wutzler, T., et al., 2018. Basic and extensible post-processing of eddy covariance flux data with REddyProc. Biogeosciences Discuss., p. 1-39.']}", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "tree-grass ecosystem", " Dehesa", " eddy covariance", " Carbon fluxes", " Water fluxes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Carrara, Arnaud, El-Madany, Tarek Sebastian, Lopez-Jimenez, Ramon, Hertel, Martin, Kolle, Olaf, Knauer, J\u00fcrgen, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Reichstein, Markus, Zaehle, S\u00f6nke, Migliavacca, Mirco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314194"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1314194", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1314194"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:20:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-08-12", "title": "Yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use change by main driver (2014-2023)", "description": "Background  Human-induced land use change (LUC), driven by activities such as forestry, logging, and the production of agricultural commodities (e.g. fruits, nuts, and meat) significantly impacts the Global Commons, encompassing the climate system, ice sheets, land biosphere, oceans, and the ozone layer. The convertion of natural forests into areas dedicated to these activities lead to disrupted ecosystems (Foley et al. 2005), severely degraded biodiversity (Newbold et al. 2015), and the release of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere (Hong et al. 2021), further exacerbating climate change and ocean acidification (Doney et al. 2009). The expansion of the agricultural frontier is identified as the predominant direct cause of deforestation globally, with other industries like timber and mining also playing significant roles (Curtis et al. 2018). To achieve global climate targets, forestry, and other land use GHG emissions must decrease along a nonlinear trajectory and reach carbon neutrality by 2050 (Rockstr\u00f6m et al. 2017). However, to successfully address this road map, improving our understanding of deforestation drivers is urgently needed.  Summary  This dataset is the result of data processing performed to estimate the extent to which commodities and other agricultural products have replaced forests, while mapping the CO2 emission impact making use of the best available spatially explicit data. Results are reported globally for 52 products at national level, as well as agroecological and thermal zones (FAO & IIASA) and a 50km cell vector grid.  In order to detect spatially-explicit deforestation drivers, the current extent of commodities and agricultural products was overlapped with global annual tree cover loss in the 10-year period from 2014 to 2023. Carbon stocks in the deforested areas were then assumed to have been emmited into the atmosphere. Recent, detailed crop and pasture maps for relevant commodities were used whenever available, and coarser resolution datasets were used as supplements when needed. Operations were performed in Google Earth Engine.  Datasets used  Forest and biomass carbon distribution  The\u00a0Global Forest Change dataset (Hansen et al., 2013) is used to estimate deforestation between 2014 and 2023. This tree cover loss dataset measures the first instance of complete removal of tree cover canopy at a 30-meter resolution for all woody vegetation over 5 meters in height.  The WCMC Above and Below Ground Biomass Carbon Density (Soto-Navarro et al., 2020), for reference year 2010 at 300m pixel, is overlapped with resulting deforested areas pixels to dermine the biomass carbon present in the areas before deforestation.  Generalized deforestation drivers  Tree cover loss by dominant driver (Curtis et al., 2022) in 2023 is used to determine wide categories of deforestation drivers (commodities, shifting agriculture, forestry, wildfire and urbanization). Pixels indicating deforestation in the Global Forest Change dataset (Hansen et al., 2013) that overlap the commodities and shifting agriculture pixels from this dataset (Curtis et al., 2022) have their drivers further detailed with the data sources listed in the below.  EarthStat pasture areas layer (Ramankutty et al., 2008) is used to identify areas for which specific livestock categories are to be defined. The project provides pasture areas for reference year 2000 at ~10km resolution.  Detailed deforestation drivers  The Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) commodity distibution layer (Becker-Reshef et al., 2023) is used to identify specific commodities (winter wheat, spring wheat, maize, rice and soybean) to deforestation pixels pertaining to the 'commodities' class. The ressource provides commodity distribution mapping at 5km pixel resolution. Values are provided as percentage of pixel area occupied by given crop.  The Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) physical area layer (You et al., 2014) for reference year 2020 is used to detail drivers pertaining to the 'shifting agriculture' class. The dataset covers 46 crops and crop groups at ~9km pixel resolution. Values are provided as percentage of pixel area occupied by given crop or crop group.  The Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW3) (Gilbert et al., 2022) is used to determine which species (cattle, goat, sheep or horse) of livestock is raised in areas identified as pasture in the EarthStat layer and pertaining to the 'commodities' class. The project provides livestock distribution for reference year 2015 at ~9km resolution. Values are provided as number of individuals located within the pixel. Values were converted into percentage of pixel area covered by grazing field for given species based on species density thresholds.  Data processing  Most of data processing takes place in Google Earth Engine, with scripts redacted in javascript. In summary, two strategies were implemented:  Proportional driver distribution strategy: When deforestation pixels (Hansen et al., 2013) overlapped with pixels from at least one of the detailed deforestation drivers data sources, the driver describe in the latter were associated with that deforested area. Whenever more than one of these data sources had non-null pixels overlapping the area, a proportional distribution was assumed (i.e. if SPAM indicated 100% of the area to be covered by cowpea crops, GEOGLAM 100% by maize, and GLW3 100% by cattle grazing fields, the pixel is assumed to have 33.3% of its deforested area associated with each of these drivers).  Main driver strategy: When deforestation pixels did not overlap with any non-null pixels from any of the detailed drivers sources, the pixel is assumed to have the entirety of its deforested area associated with one single main driver resulting from a crop-livestock mosaic. The mosaic is created by taking the highest value from each of the crop or livestock distribution rasters, and then assigning the raster category to be the new pixel value, ultimately creating a category raster layer containing the main crop, crop group or livestock species occupying that pixel area. Null or zero values in this mosaic are filled-in by nearest neighbour analysis, to a limit of 20 pixels expansion. This was enough to ensure that all deforestation pixels had at least one detailed driver with which it could be associated. The logic behind this operation resides in the fact that the deforestation layer (Hansen et al., 2013) has a larger temporal coverage (with the more recent data point being the reference year 2023), while the detailed driver layers can be as old as reference year 2015. This means we're assuming the main deforestation drivers continued to expand their limits to neighbouring areas during the years for which no data is available.  Resulting rasters from both strategies are put together and a zonal statistics operation is performed in order to populate the vector grid cells.  Files  This repository contains the following files:    deforested_area_by_LUC_driver_2014_2023.CSV contains the deforested area (hectares) and the corresponding driver in each grid cell (idenfied by the id field) in each year, in CSV text format.  carbon_emissions_by_LUC_driver_2014_2023.CSV contains the carbon emitted (Mg CO2 eq.) and the corresponding driver in each grid cell (idenfied by the id field) in each year, in CSV text format.  spatial_grid.gpkg contains the raw 50km cell grid, with identification of country (iso3 and name fields), region, and FAO agroecological zone (zone field) and thermal zone (thermal field), in Geopackage format. In order to visualize the data in a map, the user will need to join one of the csv files to this geopackage file by basing the join on the 'id' field.  summary_showcase.png is an image showcasing maps created using the database, as well as a diagram showing the datasets used to create the final dataset.   How to cite  Iablonovski, G.; Berthet, E. C.; Roberts, S. (2024). Yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use change by main driver (2014-2023) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13308514  Authors and contact  Authors: Guilherme Iablonovski*, Etienne Charles Berthet, Sophie Roberts  *Corresponding author: Guilherme Iablonovski (guilherme.iablonovski@unsdsn.org)", "keywords": ["land use change", "deforestation", "carbon fluxes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Iablonovski, Guilherme, Berthet, Etienne Charles, Sophie, Roberts,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13308514"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13308514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13308514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Components of the complete budget for SAFE intensive carbon plots", "description": "<strong>Description: </strong> Measured components of total carbon budget at SAFE project, values, with standard errors, for each 1-ha carbon plots for 11 plots investigated across a logging gradient from unlogged old-growth to heavily logged.<br> <br> These data are also published in below-ground carbon cycle in Riutta et al 2021 GBC and allocation of net primary productivity from Riutta et al 2019 GCB. This worksheet include two addititional carbon plots from Lambir Hills National Park (see Kho et al. 2013 JGR), which are not part of the SAFE Project. Below-ground carbon cycle data can be found at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3266770 and leaf respiration at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3247630.<br> <br> SAFE Intensive Carbon Plots, part of the Global Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) network, see http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/. All the methods and installation is described in detail in the GEM Intensive Carbon Plots manual, available at http://gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/files/rainfor-gemmanual.v3.0.pdf. <strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <strong>Changing carbon dioxide and water budgets from deforestation and habitat modification</strong> <strong>Funding: </strong>These data were collected as part of research funded by: Sime Darby Foundation (Grant, SAFE Core data) European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant, GEM-TRAIT (Grant, Grant number 321131) NERC Human-Modified Tropical Forests Programme: Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI) Project (Grant, NE/K016369/1) NERC standard grant: The multi-year impacts of the 2015/2016 El Ni\u00f1o on the carbon cycle of tropical forests worldwide (Grant, NE/P001092/1) HSBC Malaysia (Grant) The University of Zurich (Grant) This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs. <strong>Permits: </strong>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities: Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBs.1000-2/2 JLD.6 (76)) <strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here <strong>Files: </strong>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx <strong>SAFE_CarbonBalanceComponents.xlsx</strong> This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables: <strong>Carbon balance components data</strong> (described in worksheet Data) Description: Carbon balance components and carbon budget of intensive carbon plots at SAFE project Number of fields: 64 Number of data rows: 11 Fields: <strong>ForestType</strong>: Old-growth or Logged (Field type: categorical) <strong>SAFEPlotName</strong>: SAFE plot name, as in the SAFE Gazetteer (Field type: location) <strong>PlotName</strong>: Plot name (used in field work) (Field type: id) <strong>ForestPlotsCode</strong>: Plot code, as in the ForestPlots database (this should be used in publications, instead of plot name) (Field type: id) <strong>WoodyNPP_Stem</strong>: Woody stem productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot</strong>: Coarse root productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover</strong>: Branch turnover productivity (subcomponent of woody net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>WoodyNPP_Total</strong>: Total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Leaf</strong>: Leaf productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Twig</strong>: Twig productivity (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Reproductive</strong>: Reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous</strong>: Unidentified canopy debris (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Herbivory</strong>: Leaf productivity lost to herbivory (subcomponent of canopy net primary productivity) (Field type: numeric) <strong>CanopyNPP_Total</strong>: Total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) <strong>FineRootNPP</strong>: Fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>GPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Stem</strong>: Respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Leaf</strong>: Leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_FineRoots</strong>: Respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_CoarseRoots</strong>: Respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_SOM</strong>: Respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Mycorrhiza</strong>: Respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Litter</strong>: Respiration from litter layer (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_Deadwood</strong>: Deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_auto</strong>: Total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_het</strong>: Total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>R_eco</strong>: Total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) without including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) <strong>NEP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Total net ecosystem productivity (also known as net ecosystem exchange) including mycorrhiza, whereby positive values indicate a net source of carbon to the atmosphere (Field type: numeric) <strong>AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) <strong>CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_Stem</strong>: Standard error of woody stem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_CoarseRoot</strong>: Standard error of coarse root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_BranchTurnover</strong>: Standard error of branch turnover productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_WoodyNPP_Total</strong>: Standard error of total woody net primary producivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Leaf</strong>: Standard error of leaf productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Twig</strong>: Standard error of twig productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Reproductive</strong>: Standard error of reproductive productivity, i.e. fruit, seed and flowers (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Miscellaneous</strong>: Standard error of unidentified canopy debris (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Herbivory</strong>: Standard error of leaf productivity lost to herbivory (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CanopyNPP_Total</strong>: Standard error of total canopy net primary producivty (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_FineRootNPP</strong>: Standard error of fine root productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_TotalNPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_TotalNPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_GPP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of gross primary productivity without mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_GPP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of gross primary productivity including mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Stem</strong>: Standard error of respiration from woody stems (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Leaf</strong>: Standard error of leaf Respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_FineRoots</strong>: Standard error of respiration from fine roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_CoarseRoots</strong>: Standard error of respiration from coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_SOM</strong>: Standard error of respiration from soil organic matter (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Mycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of respiration from mycorrhiza (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Litter</strong>: Standard error of litter layer respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_Deadwood</strong>: Standard error of deadwood respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_auto</strong>: Standard error of total autotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_het</strong>: Standard error of total heterotrophic respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_R_eco</strong>: Standard error of total ecosystem respiration (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_NEP_WithoutMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_NEP_WithMycorrhiza</strong>: Standard error of total net ecosystem productivity (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_AbovegroundBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Standard error of plot above-ground biomass carbon stock (Field type: numeric) <strong>SE_CoarseRootBiomassCarbonStock</strong>: Standard error of biomass carbon stock of coarse roots (Field type: numeric) <strong>Date range: </strong>2011-08-25 to 2018-07-17 <strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.1830 to 5.0700 <strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>114.0190 to 117.8200", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil carbon cycle", "Soil organic matter", "Flux", "Respiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon balance", "Autotrophic respiration", "6. Clean water", "SAFE core data", "13. Climate action", "SAFE project", "Heterotropchic respiration", "Litter", "Carbon plot", "Carbon flux", "Productivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Riutta, Terhi, Ewers, Robert M, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Khoon, Kho Lip, Mills, Maria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7307449"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7307449", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7307449"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4247969", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) Level 4 Carbon (L4C) Nature Run version 7.2", "description": "Open AccessThe Soil Moisture Active/ Passive (SMAP) Level 4 Carbon (L4C) product is a daily, global, terrestrial carbon budget driven, in part, by soil moisture estimates from the Level 4 Soil Moisture (L4SM) product and, in turn, on brightness temperature observations from the SMAP satellite [1,2]. The SMAP L4C operational product's record begins on March 31, 2015, shortly after the launch of SMAP, and continues to the present, with an average latency of 9 days [3]. SMAP L4C data are posted to a global, 9-km equal-area EASE-Grid 2.0 [4]. In order to improve the longitudinal coverage of the SMAP L4C record, a model-only 'Nature Run' was devised, with daily carbon budget estimates beginning January 1, 2000. The Nature Run differs from the SMAP L4C operational product in the following ways: - The SMAP L4C Nature Run uses the MERRA-2 re-analysis dataset for meteorological driver data, instead of the GEOS-5 FP driver data used in the operational product.<br> - The SMAP L4C Nature Run uses soil moisture and soil temperature estimates from the L4SM Nature Run, which is a model-only version of the operational L4SM product that does not assimilate SMAP brightness temperature data. This repository contains the full README for the data. The data can be downloaded from: http://files.ntsg.umt.edu/data/SMAP_L4C_NatureRun/NRv7.2/", "keywords": ["carbon flux", "soil organic carbon", "primary productivity", "13. Climate action", "net ecosystem exchange", "15. Life on land", "earth system", "respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Endsley, K. Arthur, Jones, Lucas, Kimball, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4247969"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4247969", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4247969", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4247969"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4730278", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data and software for Endsley et al. \"Satellite monitoring of global surface soil organic carbon dynamics using the SMAP Level 4 Carbon product\"", "description": "Data and software for reproducing key results from: Endsley, K.A., J.S. Kimball, R.H. Reichle, J.D. Watts. 'Satellite monitoring of global surface soil organic carbon dynamics using the SMAP Level 4 Carbon product.' *Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences.*<br> <br> Corresponding author: K. Arthur Endsley, arthur.endsley@ntsg.umt.edu", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "carbon flux", "15. Life on land", "soil carbon", "respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Endsley, K. Arthur, Kimball, John S., Reichle, Rolf H., Watts, Jennifer D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4730278"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4730278", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4730278", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4730278"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10278/5031900", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract<p>Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.</p", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "FLOW", "WOOD", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "Article", "LEAF", "preconditioning", "leaf litter; stream; catchment; organic carbon; organic matter degradation; carbon cycling; preconditioning; flow intermittence; modelling", "HETEROGENEITY", "Organic carbon", "organic matter degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "CARBON FLUXES", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Leaf litter", "Carbon cycle", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "flow intermittence", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "STREAM", "Stream", "Catchments", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unive.it/bitstream/10278/5031900/2/Catalan_et_al_Ecosystems_2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10278/5031900"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10278/5031900", "name": "item", "description": "10278/5031900", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10278/5031900"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000A-E334-B", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-17", "title": "Lowering water table reduces carbon sink strength and carbon stocks in northern peatlands", "description": "Abstract<p>Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated &gt;400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCH4) using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT &lt;20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm on average (seasonal max up to 45\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8934\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; including 6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff897\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff93CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and decreased CH4 emission by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894\uffe2\uff80\uff89g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, thus accumulating less C over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89360\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost peatlands lost &gt;2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years when WT is lowered by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.</p", "keywords": ["570", "Carbon Sequestration", "permafrost thaw", "land surface model", "551", "01 natural sciences", "manipulation experiment", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "Groundwater", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "carbon stock", "high latitude", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Carbon", "carbon flux", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Methane", "drainage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/190653/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Kwon%20-%20Lowering%20water%20table%20reduces%20carbon%20sink%20strength%20and%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20northern.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.16394"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000A-E334-B"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000A-E334-B", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000A-E334-B", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000A-E334-B"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/346510", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-07", "title": "Quantifying Degradative Loss of Terrigenous Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments Across the Laptev and East Siberian Sea", "description": "Abstract<p>Ongoing permafrost thaw in the Arctic may remobilize large amounts of old organic matter. Upon transport to the Siberian shelf seas, this material may be degraded and released to the atmosphere, exported off\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf, or buried in the sediments. While our understanding of the fate of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter in shelf waters is improving, poor constraints remain regarding degradation in sediments. Here we use an extensive data set of organic carbon concentrations and isotopes (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0109) to inventory terrigenous organic carbon (terrOC) in surficial sediments of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS). Of these ~2.7 Tg terrOC about 55% appear resistant to degradation on a millennial timescale. A first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order degradation rate constant of 1.5\uffc2\uffa0kyr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 is derived by combining a previously established relationship between water depth and cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90terrOC transport time with mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated terrOC loadings. This yields a terrOC degradation flux of ~1.7\uffc2\uffa0Gg/year from surficial sediments during cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf transport, which is orders of magnitude lower than earlier estimates for degradation fluxes of dissolved and particulate terrOC in the water column of the LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS. The difference is mainly due to the low degradation rate constant of sedimentary terrOC, likely caused by a combination of factors: (i) the lower availability of oxygen in the sediments compared to fully oxygenated waters, (ii) the stabilizing role of terrOC\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral associations, and (iii) the higher proportion of material that is intrinsically recalcitrant due to its chemical/molecular structure in sediments. Sequestration of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90released terrOC in shelf sediments may thereby attenuate the otherwise expected permafrost carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback.</p", "keywords": ["carbon fluxes; degradation; Arctic shelves; permafrost; marine sediments", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "carbon fluxes", "Arctic shelves", "marine sediments", "Research Articles", "degradation", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005967"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.14243/346510"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.14243/346510", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.14243/346510", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.14243/346510"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin", "description": "Summary   Land-surface models are important tools for simulation of the past, present, and future capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, fluvial carbon (C) transfers are presently neglected in these models. Using the Amazon basin as a case study, we show that this negligence leads to significant underestimation of the net uptake of atmospheric C while terrestrial C storage changes are overestimated. These biases arise from the fact that C\u2014in reality, leached from soils and exported through the river network\u2014is instead represented as partly being respired and partly being stored in soils. Moreover, these biases scale mainly to the fluvial C export to the coast, despite aquatic CO2 emission to the atmosphere being the major pathway of riverine C exports. We further show that fluvial C transfers may change significantly in response to changes in either hydrology or in atmospheric C uptake by vegetation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "NEE", "550", "0207 environmental engineering", "G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rivers", "land-surface modeling", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "carbon cycle", "NBP", "Amazon river", "fluvial carbon fluxes", "land carbon sink", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315237/1/doi_298881.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/One%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "name": "item", "description": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315237"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=carbon+flux&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=carbon+flux&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=carbon+flux&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=carbon+flux&offset=20", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20, "numberReturned": 20, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T06:58:20.193697Z"}