{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Changes In Carbon Stock And Greenhouse Gas Balance In A Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Monoculture Versus An Agroforestry System With Inga Densiflora, In Costa Rica", "description": "Agroforestry represents an opportunity to reduce CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by increasing carbon (C) stocks in agricultural lands. Agroforestry practices may also promote mineral N fertilization and the use of N2-fixing legumes that favor the emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHG) (N2O and CH4). The present study evaluates the net GHG balance in two adjacent coffee plantations, both highly fertilized (250 kg N ha-1 year-1): a monoculture (CM) and a culture shaded by the N2-fixing legume tree species Inga densiflora (CIn). C stocks, soil N2O emissions and CH4 uptakes were measured during the first cycle of both plantations. During a 3-year period (6-9 years after the establishment of the systems), soil C in the upper 10 cm remained constant in the CIn plantation (+0.09 \u00b1 0.58 Mg C ha-1 year-1) and decreased slightly but not significantly in the CM plantation (-0.43 \u00b1 0.53 Mg C ha-1 year-1). Aboveground carbon stocks in the coffee monoculture and the agroforestry system amounted to 9.8 \u00b1 0.4 and 25.2 \u00b1 0.6 Mg C ha-1, respectively, at 7 years after establishment. C storage rate in the phytomass was more than twice as large in the CIn compared to the CM system (4.6 \u00b1 0.1 and 2.0 \u00b1 0.1 Mg C ha-1 year-1, respectively). Annual soil N2O emissions were 1.3 times larger in the CIn than in the CM plantation (5.8 \u00b1 0.5 and 4.3 \u00b1 0.3 kg N-N2O ha-1 year-1, respectively). The net GHG balance at the soil scale calculated from the changes in soil C stocks and N2O emissions, expressed in CO2 equivalent, was negative in both coffee plantations indicating that the soil was a net source of GHG. Nevertheless this balance was in favor of the agroforestry system. The net GHG balance at the plantation scale, which includes additionally C storage in the phytomass, was positive and about 4 times larger in the CIn (14.59 \u00b1 2.20 Mg CO2 eq ha-1 year-1) than in the CM plantation (3.83 \u00b1 1.98 Mg CO2 eq ha-1 year-1). Thus converting the coffee monoculture to the coffee agroforestry plantation shaded by the N2-fixing tree species I. densiflora would increase net atmospheric GHG removals by 10.76 \u00b1 2.96 Mg CO2 eq ha-1 year-1 during the first cycle of 8-9 years.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "570", "571", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920", "stockage", "Funders: EU CASCA project", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24345", "01 natural sciences", "630", "agroforestry", "leguminous tree", "soil organic matter", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "andosol", "gaz \u00e0 effet de serre", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34841", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "Inga", "syst\u00e8me de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "Coffea arabica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_404", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "global warming potential", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971", "central america", "Andosol", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:28:01Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Water Smart Agriculture in Mesoamerica On-Farm Trial Dataset", "description": "Soil and water resource degradation coupled with an increasingly extreme and variable climate threaten the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in the Dry Corridor of Central America. Water Smart Agriculture is an approach to increase agricultural productivity and build climate resilience through the restoration of soil and water resources. The Water Smart Agriculture Program for Mesoamerica (WSA) brought together a network of local organizations and smallholder farmers across Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Oaxaca, Mexico that aim to evaluate and promote soil health-building practices. WSA practices including conservation agriculture and integrated soil fertility management and cover crops were tested on 3432 on-farm trails in coffee, basic grains and pasture systems across the region. Practices were adapted to local agroclimatic conditions, cropping systems and socioeconomic context and, together with farmers, were evaluated in direct comparison to the farmer conventional practice using a set of soil health, productivity and economic indicators. Results demonstrate that WSA practices result in improvements in soil health that translate into increased productivity and economic benefits.  <br> <br> This dataset is organized in the following data table files for each country: <br> <br> 1. Farm Location  <br> The location of the WSA field trials. <br> <br> 2. Agronomic Practices  <br> Agronomic practices implemented in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. <br> <br> 3. Yield, Costs and Income  <br> Crop yields, production costs and income in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. <br> <br> 4. Soil Moisture <br> Soil moisture monitored in the WSA plots the and farmer control plots.  <br> <br> 5. Soil Organic Carbon <br> Soil organic carbon in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. <br> <br> 6. Soil Indicators <br> Additional soil health indicators monitored (bulk density, soil cover, earth worms and infiltration) in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots.  <br> <br> 7. Soil Analysis <br> Laboratory soil analysis in the WSA plots and the farmer control plots. <br> <br> 8. WSA Area <br> The area of implementation of WSA practices on WSA farms. <br> <br> 9. WSA Perceptions <br> Farmer perceptions of WSA impacts on soil, water, yield, food security and income. <br> <br> Codebooks with relevant variables' meta-data in English and Spanish are provided for each data table category.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Agricultural Sciences", "Beans", "Pasture", "Central America", "Conservation Agriculture", "Coffee", "Maize"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Catholic Relief Services", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/XCU8I6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=central+america&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=central+america&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=central+america&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=central+america&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-26T19:20:22.987007Z"}