{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "What Are the Limits to the Growth of Boreal Fires?", "description": "ABSTRACT

Boreal forest regions, including East Siberia, have experienced elevated fire activity in recent years, leading to record\uffe2\uff80\uff90breaking greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. However, our understanding of the factors that eventually halt fire spread and thus limit fire growth remains incomplete, hindering our ability to model their dynamics and predict their impacts. We investigated the locations and timing of 2.2 million fire stops\uffe2\uff80\uff94defined as 300\uffe2\uff80\uff89m unburned pixels along fire perimeters\uffe2\uff80\uff94across the vast East Siberian taiga. Fire stops were retrieved from remote sensing data covering over 27,000 individual fires that collectively burned 80 Mha between 2012 and 2022. Several geospatial datasets, including hourly fire weather data and landscape variables, were used to identify the factors contributing to individual fire stops. Our analysis attributed 87% of all fire stops to a statistically significant (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01) change in one or more of these drivers, with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90weather drivers limiting fire growth over time and landscape drivers constraining it across space. We found clear regional and temporal variations in the importance of these drivers. For instance, landscape drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff94such as less flammable land cover and the presence of roads\uffe2\uff80\uff94were key constraints on fire growth in southeastern Siberia, where the landscape is more populated and fragmented. In contrast, fire weather was the primary constraint on fire growth in the remote northern taiga. Additionally, in central Yakutia, a major fire hotspot in recent years, fuel limitations from previous fires increasingly restricted fire spread. The methodology we present is adaptable to other biomes and can be applied globally, providing a framework for future attribution studies on global fire growth limitations. In northeast Siberia, we found that with increasing droughts and heatwaves, remote northern fires could potentially grow even larger in the future, with major implications for the global carbon cycle and climate.2e ha-1y-1) and 2) forest carbon return-on-investment (Net Present Value in USD ha-1y-1) over a 30-year timeframe. It also includes the R script to reproduce these layers and their uncertainties. Investible Forest Carbon: The investible forest carbon map was produced based on the total volume of CO2e associated with the three main carbon pools in the tropics, namely aboveground carbon, belowground carbon and soil organic carbon. This is followed by the application of key Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) criteria including additionality, to determine the magnitude and areas of investible forest carbon across the tropics. Aboveground carbon. A stoichiometric factor of 0.475 was applied to recent spatial data on aboveground carbon biomass to obtain carbon stock based on established carbon accounting methodologies. An uncertainty analyses was also performed to account for potential variability in stoichiometric factor. Subsequently, a conversion factor of 3.67 was applied to the carbon stock layer to obtain the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Belowground carbon. Belowground carbon biomass was firstly derived by applying two allometric equations relating to root to shoot biomass to the most recent spatial dataset on aboveground carbon biomass following established carbon accounting methodologies. The two equations are: Belowground biomass = 0.489\u00d7aboveground biomass^0.89; and Belowground biomass = 0.26\u00d7aboveground biomass A stoichiometric factor of 0.475 was subsequently applied to the estimated belowground carbon biomass to obtain the carbon stock. An uncertainty analyses was then performed to determine the mean, minimum and maximum values for belowground carbon. Following that, a conversion factor of 3.67 was applied to the carbon stock layer to obtain the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Soil Organic Carbon. Organic carbon density of the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) was obtained from the European Soil Data Centre as it represented the best data available for soil organic carbon. A conversion factor of 3.67 was subsequently applied to derive the volume of CO2e associated with this carbon pool. Applying VCS criteria. The criterion of additionality is a pre-condition for carbon credits to be certified under the VCS. This implies that only the volume of forest carbon that are under imminent threat of decline or loss if left unprotected by a conservation intervention can be certified under the VCS. The volume of forest carbon under threat of loss was based on the best available data on predicted deforestation rates across the tropics (through to the year 2029), and annualized over predicted 15-year period. The estimated annual deforestation rates was then applied to the total volume of CO2e associated with tropical forests as estimated above, deriving the volume of CO2e that would be certifiable and thus investible under the VCS. In addition, a conservative 10-year decay estimate was assumed for the estimate of the belowground carbon pool, and lands that will likely not be certifiable for other reasons, including recently deforested areas (i.e. for the period of 2010-2017), a well as human settlements, were excluded. Lastly, the VCS requirement to set aside buffer credits of 20% was accounted for to consider the risk of non-permanence associated with Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) projects. Return-on-Investment. From the investible forest carbon map, the relative profitability of these areas was then modelled to produce a global forest carbon return-on-investment map based on their NPV. The NPV of returns were based on several simplifying assumptions following established values from previous studies. Cost of project establishment. The cost of project establishment was estimated to be at $25 ha-1. This was based on a range of costs that are key to the development of a project, including but not limited to project design, governance and planning, enforcement, zonation, land tenure and acquisition, surveying and research. Cost for annual maintenance. The cost for annual maintenance was estimated to be $10 ha-1, which included aspects such as in education and communication, monitoring, sustainable livelihoods, marketing, finance and administration. Carbon price. A constant carbon price of $5.8 t-1CO\u00ad2e for the first five years was applied. This price was based on an average price of carbon for avoided deforestation projects reported recently by Forest Trends\u2019 Ecosystem Marketplace (i.e. for the period 2006 \u2013 2018). Subsequently, a 5% price appreciation was applied annually over a project timeframe of 30 years. Discount rate. We calculated NPV of annual and accumulated profits over 30 years based on a 10% risk-adjusted discount rate. Further details for these datasets and their uncertainties are presented in Koh et. al. For questions or issues on the spatial data layers, please contact Yiwen Zeng (zengyiwen@nus.edu.sg).", "keywords": ["Carbon stocks", "Climate change mitigation", "13. Climate action", "Carbon finance", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Koh, Lian Pin, Zeng, Yiwen, Sarira, Tasya Vadya, Siman, Kelly,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287780"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4287780", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4287780", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4287780"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8320433", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:21:40Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Carbon storage and carbon-equivalent albedo impact for US forests, by age and forest type", "description": "These tables document estimates of carbon storage (Mg/ha +/- Standard Error) and carbon-equivalent albedo impacts (same units) of US forests by age and forest type (Healey et al., in review). Carbon estimates are derived from field measurements made by the USDA Forest Service on approximately 125,000 forested field plots (Domke et al., 2022). Soil organic carbon is omitted from these estimates, but all other above- and below-ground pools are included. Albedo impacts (time-dependent emissions equivalent, TDEE; Bright et al., 2016) were developed by applying atmospheric kernels (Bright and O'Halloran) to a new Landsat blue sky albedo product for the Landsat archive (Erb et al., 2022), as described by Healey et al. (in review). Standard error is supplied for each age/forest type bin for carbon storage, but upper and lower standard error bounds are specified for TDEE because log transformation creates an asymmetrical uncertainty envelope. Bright, Bogren, Bernier, Astrup, (2016). Carbon-equivalent metrics for albedo changes in land management contexts: Relevance of the time dimension. Ecol. Appl. 26, 1868\u20131880 Bright, R. M., & O'Halloran, T. L. (2019). Developing a monthly radiative kernel for surface albedo change from satellite climatologies of Earth's shortwave radiation budget: CACK v1. 0. Geoscientific Model Development, 12(9), 3975-3990. Domke, Walters, Nowak, Greenfield, Smith, Nichols, Ogle, Coulston, Wirth (2022). Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals From Forest Land, Woodlands, Urban Trees, and Harvested Wood Products in the United States, 1990\u20132020. (US Dept. Ag. For. Service, Madison, WI; https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-RU-382). Erb, Li, Sun, Paynter, Wang, & Schaaf, (2022). Evaluation of the Landsat-8 Albedo Product across the Circumpolar Domain. Remote Sensing, 14(21), 5320. Healey, Yang, Erb, Bright, Domke, Frescino, Schaaf, (in review) New satellite observations expose albedo dynamics offsetting half of carbon storage benefits in US forests.", "keywords": ["climate change", "forest carbon", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "Landsat", "albedo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Healey, Sean, Yang, Zhiqiang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8320433"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8320433", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8320433", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8320433"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10773/25427", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-07", "title": "Toxicokinetics of Zn and Cd in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to metal-contaminated soils under different combinations of air temperature and soil moisture content", "description": "This study evaluated how different combinations of air temperature (20\u202f\u00b0C and 25\u202f\u00b0C) and soil moisture content (50% and 30% of the soil water holding capacity, WHC), reflecting realistic climate change scenarios, affect the bioaccumulation kinetics of Zn and Cd in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Earthworms were exposed for 21\u202fd to two metal-contaminated soils (uptake phase), followed by 21\u202fd incubation in non-contaminated soil (elimination phase). Body Zn and Cd concentrations were checked in time and metal uptake (k1) and elimination (k2) rate constants determined; metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated as k1/k2. Earthworms showed extremely fast uptake and elimination of Zn, regardless of the exposure level. Climate conditions had no major impacts on the bioaccumulation kinetics of Zn, although a tendency towards lower k1 and k2 values was observed at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a030% WHC. Earthworm Cd concentrations gradually increased with time upon exposure to metal-contaminated soils, especially at 50% WHC, and remained constant or slowly decreased following transfer to non-contaminated soil. Different combinations of air temperature and soil moisture content changed the bioaccumulation kinetics of Cd, leading to higher k1 and k2 values for earthworms incubated at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a050% WHC and slower Cd kinetics at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a030% WHC. This resulted in greater BAFs for Cd at warmer and drier environments which could imply higher toxicity risks but also of transfer of Cd within the food chain under the current global warming perspective.", "keywords": ["Soil invertebrates", "Bioavailability", "Climate Change", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Metals", " Heavy", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Triazines", "Temperature", "Water", "Bioaccumulation", "Mining wastes", "Toxicokinetics", "Zinc", "Heavy metals", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Pollution", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10773/25427"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10773/25427", "name": "item", "description": "10773/25427", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10773/25427"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11369/372709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-07", "title": "Soil resources and element stocks in drylands to face global issues", "description": "Abstract

Drylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.Soil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.Increasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-12", "title": "Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies", "description": "Abstract

Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case\uffe2\uff80\uff90studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.

", "keywords": ["sol", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Sustainable development goals", "regional case studies", "adaptation", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "service \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique", "630", "333", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil degradation", "Regional case-studies", "Agrucultural adaption", "DPSIR", "11. Sustainability", "regional case-studies", "Agricultural adaptation; DPSIR; Regional case-studies; Soil degradation; Sustainable Development Goals; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "Climate change", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900", "agricultural adaptation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/genes15010107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:19:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-16", "title": "Structural and Functional Shifts in the Microbial Community of a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Exposed to Short-Term Changes in Air Temperature, Soil Moisture and UV Radiation", "description": "

The interplay between metal contamination and climate change may exacerbate the negative impact on the soil microbiome and, consequently, on soil health and ecosystem services. We assessed the response of the microbial community of a heavy metal-contaminated soil when exposed to short-term (48 h) variations in air temperature, soil humidity or ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the absence and presence of Enchytraeus crypticus (soil invertebrate). Each of the climate scenarios simulated significantly altered at least one of the microbial parameters measured. Irrespective of the presence or absence of invertebrates, the effects were particularly marked upon exposure to increased air temperature and alterations in soil moisture levels (drought and flood scenarios). The observed effects can be partly explained by significant alterations in soil properties such as pH, dissolved organic carbon, and water-extractable heavy metals, which were observed for all scenarios in comparison to standard conditions. The occurrence of invertebrates mitigated some of the impacts observed on the soil microbial community, particularly in bacterial abundance, richness, diversity, and metabolic activity. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the interplay between climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and soil biotic components to assess the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and to develop and implement effective management strategies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil invertebrates", "Soil microbiome", "Soil drought", "Ultraviolet Rays", "Soil pollution", "Microbiota", "Temperature", "Enchytraeus crypticus", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "UVR exposure", "Metals", " Heavy", "Climate change", "Soil flood", "Metagenomics", "Increased temperature", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15010107"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Genes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/genes15010107", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/genes15010107", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/genes15010107"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-04", "title": "A framework for scaling sustainable land management options", "description": "Abstract

Improvements in land use and management are needed at a global scale to tackle interconnected global challenges of population growth, poverty, migration, climate change, biodiversity loss, and degrading land and water resources. There are hundreds of technical options for improving the sustainability of land management and preventing or reversing degradation, but there are many sociocultural, institutional, economic, and policy barriers hindering their adoption at large scale. To tackle this challenge, the Dryland Systems Program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification convened an expert group to consider barriers and incentives to scaling technologies, processes, policies, or institutional arrangements. The group reviewed existing frameworks for scaling sustainable land management (SLM) interventions across a range of contexts and identified eight critical actions for success: (a) plan iteratively; (b) consistently fund; (c) select SLM options for scaling based on best available evidence; (d) identify and engage with stakeholders at all scales; (e) build capacity for scaling; (f) foster institutional leadership and policy change to support scaling; (g) achieve early benefits and incentives for as many stakeholders as possible; and (h) monitor, evaluate, and communicate. Incentives for scaling were identified for the private sector, farmers and their communities, and policy makers. Based on these findings, a new action framework for scaling is presented that analyses the contexts where specific SLM interventions can be scaled, so that SLM options can be screened and adapted to these contexts, piloted and disseminated. The framework can help countries achieve land degradation neutrality.Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.

Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).

While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.

Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.

Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and flux\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near\uffe2\uff80\uff90term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields.

", "keywords": ["550", "LAND MODELS", "Oceanography", "HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "Geoinformatics", "GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE", "DATA-ASSIMILATION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY", "CMIP5", "MICROBIAL MODELS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Earth system models", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS", "Climate Action", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "realistic projections", "13. Climate action", "recommendations", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon dynamics", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "PARAMETER-ESTIMATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pw7g2r2/qt1pw7g2r2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-12", "title": "Acclimation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission From Subarctic Heath Under Long-Term Moderate Warming", "description": "Abstract

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from subarctic ecosystems have shown to increase drastically in response to a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature increase of only 2\uffc2\uffb0C. We assessed whether this increase takes place already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming and how the increase changes over time. To test this, we measured BVOC emissions and CO2 fluxes in a field experiment on a subarctic wet heath, where ecosystem plots were subjected to passive warming by open top chambers for 3 (OTC3) or 13\uffc2\uffa0years (OTC13) or were kept as unmanipulated controls. Already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of moderate temperature increase of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffb0C, warming increased the emissions of isoprene (five\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to sixfold) and monoterpenes (three\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to fourfold) from the subarctic heath. The several\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold higher BVOC emissions in the warmed plots are likely a result of increased vegetation biomass and altered vegetation composition as a shift in the species coverage was observed already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming. Warming also increased gross ecosystem production and ecosystem respiration, but the increases were much lower than those for BVOCs. Our results demonstrate that the strong BVOC responses to warming already appeared after 3\uffc2\uffa0years, and the BVOC and CO2 fluxes had acclimated to this warming after 3\uffc2\uffa0years, showing no differences with another 10\uffc2\uffa0years of warming. This finding has important implications for predicting CO2 and BVOC fluxes in subarctic ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["BVOC", "Arctic", "climate change", "tundra", "13. Climate action", "CO2 exchange", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "isoprene", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004139"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004139"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017jg004139"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2199", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-27", "title": "Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Timely spatially explicit warning of areas with high fire occurrence probability is an important component of strategic plans to prevent and monitor fires within South American (SA) Protected Areas (PAs). In this study, we present a five\uffe2\uff80\uff90level alert system, which combines both climatological and anthropogenic factors, the two main drivers of fires in SA. The alert levels are: High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability. The trend in the number of active fires over the past three years and the accumulated number of active fires over the same period were used as indicators of intensification of human use of fire in that region, possibly associated with ongoing land use/land cover change (LULCC). An ensemble of temperature and precipitation gridded output from the GloSea5 Seasonal Forecast System was used to indicate an enhanced probability of hot and dry weather conditions that combined with LULCC favour fire occurrences. Alerts from this system were first issued in August 2020, for the period ranging from August to October (ASO) 2020. Overall, 50% of all fires observed during the ASO 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932019 period and 40% of the ASO 2020 fires occurred in only 29 PAs were all categorized in the top two alert levels. In categories mapped as High Alert level, 34% of the PAs experienced an increase in fires compared with the 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932019 reference period, and 81% of the High Alert false alarm registered fire occurrence above the median. Initial feedback from stakeholders indicates that these alerts were used to inform resource management in some PAs. We expect that these forecasts can provide continuous information aiming at changing societal perceptions of fire use and consequently subsidize strategic planning and mitigatory actions, focusing on timely responses to a disaster risk management strategy. Further research must focus on the model improvement and knowledge translation to stakeholders.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Atmospheric Science", "Land cover", "Flood Risk", "Precipitation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Impact of Climate Change on Forest Wildfires", "Global Flood Risk Assessment and Management", "Meteorology", "Engineering", "Machine learning", "False alarm", "Civil engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Climatology", "Global and Planetary Change", "Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Climate Change", "Geography", "Warning system", "Geology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Land use", "Telecommunications", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20Resilience%20and%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/cli2.19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/cli2.19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-21", "title": "Forest Management Scenarios In A Changing Climate: Trade-Offs Between Carbon, Timber, And Old Forest", "description": "Abstract

Balancing economic, ecological, and social values has long been a challenge in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, where conflict over timber harvest and old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth habitat on public lands has been contentious for the past several decades. The Northwest Forest Plan, adopted two decades ago to guide management on federal lands, is currently being revised as the region searches for a balance between sustainable timber yields and habitat for sensitive species. In addition, climate change imposes a high degree of uncertainty on future forest productivity, sustainability of timber harvest, wildfire risk, and species habitat. We evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, landscape\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs among carbon (C) storage, timber yield, and old forest habitat given projected climate change and shifts in forest management policy across 2.1 million hectares of forests in the Oregon Coast Range. Projections highlight the divergence between private and public lands under business\uffe2\uff80\uff90as\uffe2\uff80\uff90usual forest management, where private industrial forests are heavily harvested and many public (especially federal) lands increase C and old forest over time but provide little timber. Three alternative management scenarios altering the amount and type of timber harvest show widely varying levels of ecosystem C and old\uffe2\uff80\uff90forest habitat. On federal lands, ecological forestry practices also allowed a simultaneous increase in old forest and natural early\uffe2\uff80\uff90seral habitat. The ecosystem C implications of shifts away from current practices were large, with current practices retaining up to 105\uffc2\uffa0Tg more C than the alternative scenarios by the end of the century. Our results suggest climate change is likely to increase forest productivity by 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9341% and total ecosystem C storage by 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9315% over the next century as warmer winter temperatures allow greater forest productivity in cooler months. These gains in C storage are unlikely to be offset by wildfire under climate change, due to the legacy of management and effective fire suppression. Our scenarios of future conditions can inform policy makers, land managers, and the public about the potential effects of land management alternatives, climate change, and the trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs that are inherent to management and policy in the region.

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Forest management -- Economic aspects", "0106 biological sciences", "Climate Change", "Forestry", "Forest fires -- Effect of climate change on", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Oregon", "Forest management -- Social aspects", "13. Climate action", "Northwest Forest Plan (U.S.)", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecm.1507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-09", "title": "Lessons learned from a long\u2010term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning", "description": "Abstract

Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.Trophic interactions within food webs affect species distributions, coexistence, and provision of ecosystem services but can be strongly impacted by climatic changes. Understanding these impacts is therefore essential for managing ecosystems and sustaining human well\uffe2\uff80\uff90being. Here, we conducted a global synthesis of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater studies to identify key gaps in our knowledge of climate change impacts on food webs and determine whether the areas currently studied are those most likely to be impacted by climate change. We found research suffers from a strong geographic bias, with only 3.5% of studies occurring in the tropics. Importantly, the distribution of sites sampled under projected climate changes was biased\uffe2\uff80\uff94areas with decreases or large increases in precipitation and areas with low magnitudes of temperature change were under\uffe2\uff80\uff90represented. Our results suggest that understanding of climate change impacts on food webs could be broadened by considering more than two trophic levels, responses in addition to species abundance and biomass, impacts of a wider suite of climatic variables, and tropical ecosystems. Most importantly, to enable better forecasts of biodiversity responses to climate change, we identify critically under\uffe2\uff80\uff90represented geographic regions and climatic conditions which should be prioritized in future research.Global change is expected to reduce the provision of multiple ecosystem services in drylands, the largest biome on Earth. Understanding the relative importance of climate change and overgrazing on ecosystems services is critical for predicting the effects of global change on ecosystem well\uffe2\uff80\uff90being. We generated a system\uffe2\uff80\uff90level understanding of the effects of climate (aridity intensity) and land use intensification (herbivore grazing intensity) on four regulating ecosystem services (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, and organic matter decomposition) and one provisioning service (plant production) in wooded drylands from eastern Australia. Climate change and grazing intensity had different effects on multiple ecosystem services. Increasing aridity from 0\uffc2\uffb719 (dry subhumid) to 0\uffc2\uffb763 (arid) had consistent suppressive effects on C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, decomposition and plant biomass services, but not on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. The magnitude of these suppressive effects was greater than any effects due to grazing. All sites showed evidence of kangaroo grazing, but the heaviest grazing was due to cattle (dung: range 0\uffe2\uff80\uff934545\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921; mean 142\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Any effects of grazing on ecosystem services were herbivore specific and ranged from positive to neutral or negative. Sheep, and to a lesser extent cattle, were associated with greater N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. Rabbits, however, had a greater effect on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability than aridity. Our study suggests that increases in livestock grazing may fail to sustain ecosystem services because of the generally stronger negative effect of increasing aridity on most ecosystem services in our model dryland. These services are likely therefore to decline with global increases in aridity. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "ecosystem services", " nutrient cycling", " climate change", " dryland", " grazing", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2736", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2736", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3470", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-07", "title": "A global analysis of the impact of zero-tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response", "description": "Abstract

Food security involves the sustainable utilization of soil and land resources. Zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (ZT) practice is a proponent of better resource utilization, to improve soil physical condition, and a potential sink to atmospheric carbon. However, the impact varies across climates, over the ZT history, cropping systems, and soil depths. A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis was performed, based on 4,131 paired data from 522 studies spread globally, to evaluate the effect of ZT in comparison to conventional tillage, on soil physical condition (bulk density; mean weight diameter of aggregates; field capacity water content; and steady\uffe2\uff80\uff90state infiltration rate), soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and the root response (root length density). Zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage significantly improved mean weight diameter of aggregates and field capacity water content at surface and subsurface layers by 19\uffe2\uff80\uff9358% and 6\uffe2\uff80\uff9316%, respectively, and resulted in no change in bulk density in either of the layers, but infiltration rate increased by 66%. Surface 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layers had significantly higher SOC content under ZT, whereas in other layers, the SOC content either reduced or did not change, resulting in a small and insignificant variation in the SOC stock (~1.1%) in favor of ZT. The root length density improved by ~35% in ZT only at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth. Effect of climate, soil type, or cropping system could not be broadly recognized, but the impact of ZT certainly increased over time. Improvements in soil aggregation and hydraulic properties are highly convincing with the adoption of ZT, and therefore, this practice leads to the better and sustainable use of soil resources.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "development", "6. Clean water", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3470"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3470", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3470", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3470"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges", "description": "Abstract

Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well as socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic challenges.

The European Commission's proposal for a CAP post\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 provides a scope for enhanced sustainability. However, it also allows Member States to choose low\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambition implementation pathways. It therefore remains essential to address citizens' demands for sustainable agriculture and rectify systemic weaknesses in the CAP, using the full breadth of available scientific evidence and knowledge.

Concerned about current attempts to dilute the environmental ambition of the future CAP, and the lack of concrete proposals for improving the CAP in the draft of the European Green Deal, we call on the European Parliament, Council and Commission to adopt 10 urgent action points for delivering sustainable food production, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation.

Knowledge is available to help moving towards evidence\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, sustainable European agriculture that can benefit people, nature and their joint futures.

The statements made in this article have the broad support of the scientific community, as expressed by above 3,600 signatories to the preprint version of this manuscript. The list can be found here (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3685632).

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

", "keywords": ["330", "333.7 Landfl\u00e4chen", " Naturr\u00e4ume f\u00fcr Freizeit und Erholung", " Naturreservate", " Energie", "public goods", "ddc:320", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "SMART targets", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "GF1-900", "11. Sustainability", "evidence-based policy", "ddc:630", "European Green Deal", "QH540-549.5", "agriculture", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "ddc:333", "1. No poverty", "15. Life on land", "320", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "Human ecology. Anthropogeography", "13. Climate action", "evidence\u2010based policy", "Common Agricultural Policy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/People%20and%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1435-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-18", "title": "Net Nitrogen Mineralization And Leaching In Response To Warming And Nitrogen Deposition In A Temperate Old Field: The Importance Of Winter Temperature", "description": "While climate warming can increase plant N availability over the growing season by increasing rates of N mineralization, increased N mineralization over winter at a time when plant roots are largely inactive, coupled with an increased frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles, may increase soil N leaching losses. We examined changes in soil net N mineralization and N leaching in response to warming and N addition (6 g m(-2) year(-1)) in a factorial experiment conducted in a temperate old field. We used two warming treatments, year-round and winter-only warming, to isolate the effects of winter warming on soil N dynamics from the year-round warming effects. We estimated net N mineralization using in situ soil cores with resin bags placed at the bottom to catch throughput, and we measured N leaching using lysimeters located below the plant rooting zone at a depth of 50 cm. There were minor effects of warming on changes in soil extractable N and resin N in the soil cores over winter. Nevertheless, the overall effects of both warming and N addition on net N mineralization (the sum of changes in soil extractable N and resin N) were not significant over this period. Likewise, there were no significant treatment effects on the concentration of N in leachate collected below the plant rooting zone. However, in response to winter warming, net N mineralization over summer was approximately double that of both the ambient and year-round warming treatments. This result demonstrates a potentially large and unexpected effect of winter warming on soil N availability in this old field system.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1435-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1435-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1435-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1435-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-17", "title": "Absence Of Snow Cover Reduces Understory Plant Cover And Alters Plant Community Composition In Boreal Forests", "description": "Snow regimes affect biogeochemistry of boreal ecosystems and are altered by climate change. The effects on plant communities, however, are largely unexplored despite their influence on relevant processes. Here, the impact of snow cover on understory community composition and below-ground production in a boreal Picea abies forest was investigated using a long-term (8-year) snow cover manipulation experiment consisting of the treatments: snow removal, increased insulation (styrofoam pellets), and control. The snow removal treatment caused longer (118 vs. 57 days) and deeper soil frost (mean minimum temperature -5.5 vs. -2.2\u00b0C) at 10 cm soil depth in comparison to control. Understory species composition was strongly altered by the snow cover manipulations; vegetation cover declined by more than 50% in the snow removal treatment. In particular, the dominant dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus (-82%) and the most abundant mosses Pleurozium schreberi (-74%) and Dicranum scoparium (-60%) declined strongly. The C:N ratio in V. myrtillus leaves and plant available N in the soil indicated no altered nitrogen nutrition. Fine-root biomass in summer, however, was negatively affected by the reduced snow cover (-50%). Observed effects are attributed to direct frost damage of roots and/ or shoots. Besides the obvious relevance of winter processes on plant ecology and distribution, we propose that shifts in the vegetation caused by frost damage may be an important driver of the reported alterations in biogeochemistry in response to altered snow cover. Understory plant performance clearly needs to be considered in the biogeochemistry of boreal systems in the face of climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Freezing", "Seasons", "Picea", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-04", "title": "Soil Warming Alters Nitrogen Cycling In A New England Forest: Implications For Ecosystem Function And Structure", "description": "Global climate change is expected to affect terrestrial ecosystems in a variety of ways. Some of the more well-studied effects include the biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system that can either increase or decrease the atmospheric load of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Less well-studied are the effects of climate change on the linkages between soil and plant processes. Here, we report the effects of soil warming on these linkages observed in a large field manipulation of a deciduous forest in southern New England, USA, where soil was continuously warmed 5\u00b0C above ambient for 7 years. Over this period, we have observed significant changes to the nitrogen cycle that have the potential to affect tree species composition in the long term. Since the start of the experiment, we have documented a 45% average annual increase in net nitrogen mineralization and a three-fold increase in nitrification such that in years 5 through 7, 25% of the nitrogen mineralized is then nitrified. The warming-induced increase of available nitrogen resulted in increases in the foliar nitrogen content and the relative growth rate of trees in the warmed area. Acer rubrum (red maple) trees have responded the most after 7 years of warming, with the greatest increases in both foliar nitrogen content and relative growth rates. Our study suggests that considering species-specific responses to increases in nitrogen availability and changes in nitrogen form is important in predicting future forest composition and feedbacks to the climate system.", "keywords": ["Ecosystem ecology - Original Paper", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Population Dynamics", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate Reductase", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "New England", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-2133-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-07", "title": "Effects Of Drought And N-Fertilization On N Cycling In Two Grassland Soils", "description": "Open AccessOecologia, 171 (3)", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "N2O fluxes", "550", "functional genes", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Nitrification and denitrification", "enzyme activites", "Urine", "630", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative PCR", "Climate change; Enzyme activities; Functional genes; Quantitative PCR; Nitrification and denitrification; N2O fluxes", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Animals", "Climate change", "Enzyme activities", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Functional genes", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "Archaea", "Droughts", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "quantitative PCR", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Cattle", "nitrification and denitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2578-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics In Arctic Tundra Soils Of Varying Age: Differential Responses To Fertilization And Warming", "description": "In the foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, different glaciation histories have created landscapes with varying soil age. Productivity of most of these landscapes is generally N limited, but varies widely, as do plant species composition and soil properties (e.g., pH). We hypothesized that the projected changes in productivity and vegetation composition under a warmer climate might be mediated through differential changes in N availability across soil age. We compared readily available [water-soluble NH4 (+), NO3 (-), and amino acids (AA)], moderately available (soluble proteins), hydrolyzable, and total N pools across three tussock-tundra landscapes with soil ages ranging from 11.5k to 300k years. The effects of fertilization and warming on these N pools were also compared for the two younger sites. Readily available N was highest at the oldest site, and AA accounted for 80-89 % of this N. At the youngest site, inorganic N constituted the majority (80-97 %) of total readily available N. This variation reflected the large differences in plant functional group composition and soil chemical properties. Long-term (8-16 years) fertilization increased the soluble inorganic N by 20- to 100-fold at the intermediate-age site, but only by twofold to threefold at the youngest site. Warming caused small and inconsistent changes in the soil C:N ratio and AA, but only in soils beneath Eriophorum vaginatum, the dominant tussock-forming sedge. These differential responses suggest that the ecological consequences of warmer climates on these tundra ecosystems are more complex than simply elevated N-mineralization rates, and that the responses of landscapes might be impacted by soil age, or time since deglaciation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Arctic Regions", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Ice Cover", "Biomass", "Cyperaceae", "Fertilizers", "Alaska", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-013-2733-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-19", "title": "Response Of Grassland Biomass Production To Simulated Climate Change And Clipping Along An Elevation Gradient", "description": "Changes in rainfall and temperature regimes are altering plant productivity in grasslands worldwide, and these climate change factors are likely to interact with grassland disturbances, particularly grazing. Understanding how plant production responds to both climate change and defoliation, and how this response varies among grassland types, is important for the long-term sustainability of grasslands. For 4 years, we manipulated temperature [ambient and increased using open-top chambers (OTC)], water (ambient, reduced using rainout shelters and increased using hand watering) and defoliation (clipped, and unclipped) in three grassland types along an elevation gradient. We monitored plant cover and biomass and found that OTC reduced biomass by 15%, but clipping and water treatments interacted with each other and their effects varied in different grassland types. For example, total biomass did not decline in the higher elevation grasslands due to clipping, and water addition mitigated the effects of clipping on subordinate grasses in the lower grasslands. The response of total biomass was driven by dominant plant species while subordinate grasses and forbs showed more variable responses. Overall, our results demonstrate that biomass in the highest elevation grassland was least effected by the treatments and the response of biomass tended to be dependent on interactions between climate change treatments and defoliation. Together, the results suggest that ecosystem function of these grasslands under altered climate patterns will be dependent on site-specific management.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "British Columbia", "Altitude", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-013-2845-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-20", "title": "Climate Change Interactions Affect Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux And Microbial Functioning In A Post-Harvest Forest", "description": "Forest disturbances, including whole-tree harvest, will increase with a growing human population and its rising affluence. Following harvest, forests become sources of C to the atmosphere, partly because wetter and warmer soils (relative to pre-harvest) increase soil CO2 efflux. This relationship between soil microclimate and CO2 suggests that climate changes predicted for the northeastern US may exacerbate post-harvest CO2 losses. We tested this hypothesis using a climate-manipulation experiment within a recently harvested northeastern US forest with warmed (H; +2.5 \u00b0C), wetted (W; +23% precipitation), warmed + wetted (H+W), and ambient (A) treatments. The cumulative soil CO2 effluxes from H and W were 35% (P = 0.01) and 22% (P = 0.07) greater than A. However, cumulative efflux in H+W was similar to A and W, and 24% lower than in H (P = 0.02). These findings suggest that with higher precipitation soil CO2 efflux attenuates rapidly to warming, perhaps due to changes in substrate availability or microbial communities. Microbial function measured as CO2 response to 15 C substrates in warmed soils was distinct from non-warmed soils (P < 0.001). Furthermore, wetting lowered catabolic evenness (P = 0.04) and fungi-to-bacteria ratios (P = 0.03) relative to non-wetted treatments. A reciprocal transplant incubation showed that H+W microorganisms had lower laboratory respiration on their home soils (i.e., home substrates) than on soils from other treatments (P < 0.01). We inferred that H+W microorganisms may use a constrained suite of C substrates that become depleted in their 'home' soils, and that in some disturbed ecosystems, a precipitation-induced attenuation (or suppression) of soil CO2 efflux to warming may result from fine-tuned microbe-substrate linkages.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Fungi", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Pennsylvania", "15. Life on land", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marshall D. McDaniel, Mary Ann Bruns, Jason P. Kaye, Margot W. Kaye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2845-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-013-2845-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-013-2845-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-013-2845-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-015-3290-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-19", "title": "The Priming Effect Of Soluble Carbon Inputs In Organic And Mineral Soils From A Temperate Forest", "description": "The priming effect (PE) is one of the most important interactions between C input and output in soils. Here we aim to quantify patterns of PE in response to six addition rates of (13)C-labeled water-soluble C (WSC) and determine if these patterns are different between soil organic and mineral layers in a temperate forest. Isotope mass balance was used to distinguish WSC derived from SOC-derived CO2 respiration. The relative PE was 1.1-3.3 times stronger in the mineral layer than in the organic layer, indicating higher sensitivity of the mineral layer to WSC addition. However, the magnitude of cumulative PE was significantly higher in the organic layer than in the mineral layer due to higher SOC in the organic layer. With an increasing WSC addition rate, cumulative PE increased for both layers, but tended to level off when the addition rate was higher than 400 mg C kg(-1) soil. This saturation effect indicates that stimulation of soil C loss by exogenous substrate would not be as drastic as the increase of C input. In fact, we found that the mineral layer with an WSC addition rate of 160-800 mg C kg(-1) soil had net C storage although positive PE was observed. The addition of WSC basically caused net C loss in the organic layer due to the high magnitude of PE, pointing to the importance of the organic layer in C cycling of forest ecosystems. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of PE on SOC mineralization of forest soils and warrant further in situ studies of PE in order to better understand C cycling under global climate change.", "keywords": ["Carbon Isotopes", "Minerals", "Climate", "Climate Change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Betula", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3290-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-015-3290-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-015-3290-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-015-3290-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-14", "title": "Surface Organic Carbon Enrichment To Explain Greater Co2 Emissions From Short-Term No-Tilled Soils", "description": "The impact of agricultural practices on CO2 emissions from soils needs to be understood and quantified to enhance ecosystem functions, especially the ability of soils to sequester atmospheric carbon (C), while enhancing food and biomass production. The objective of this study was to assess CO2 emissions in the soil surface following tillage abandonment and to investigate some of the underlying soil physical, chemical and biological controls. Maize (Zea mays) was planted under conventional tillage (T) and no-tillage (NT), both without crop residues under smallholder farming conditions in Potshini, South Africa. Intact top-soil (0\u20130.05 m) core samples (N = 54) from three 5 \u00d7 15 m2 plots per treatment were collected two years after conversion of T to NT to evaluate the short-term CO2 emissions. Depending on the treatment, cores were left intact, compacted by 5 and 10 or had surface crusts removed. They were incubated for 20 days with measurements of CO2 fluxes twice a day during the first three days and once a day thereafter. Soil organic C (SOC) content, soil bulk density (\u03c1b), aggregate stability, soil organic matter quality, and microbial biomass and its activity were evaluated at the onset of the incubation. CO2 emissions were 22% lower under NT compared with T with CO2 emissions of 0.9 \u00b1 0.10 vs 1.1 \u00b1 0.10 mg C\u2013CO2 gC\u22121 day\u22121 under NT and T, respectively, suggesting greater SOC protection under NT. However, there were greater total CO2 emissions per unit of surface by 9% under NT compared to T (1.15 \u00b1 0.03 vs 1.05 \u00b1 0.04 g C\u2013CO2 m\u22122 day\u22121). SOC protection significantly increased with the increase in soil bulk density (r = 0.89) and aggregate stability (from 1.7 \u00b1 0.25 mm to 2.3 \u00b1 0.31, r = 0.50), and to the decrease in microbial biomass and its activity (r = \u22120.59 and \u22120.57, respectively). In contrast, the greater NT CO2 emissions per m2 were explained by top-soil enrichment in SOC by 48% (from 12.4 \u00b1 0.2 to 19.1 \u00b1 0.4 g kg\u22121, r = 0.59). These results on the soil controls of tillage impact on CO2 emissions are expected to inform on the required shifts in agricultural practices for enhancing C sequestration in soils. In the context of the study, any mechanism favoring aggregate stability and promoting SOC allocation deep in the soil profile rather than in the top-soil would greatly diminish soil CO2 outputs and thus stimulate C sequestration.", "keywords": ["550", "non travail du sol", "ma\u00efs", "No-tillage", "no-tillage", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Soil Science", "maize", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Sciences de la Terre", "dioxyde de carbone", "non labour", "Climate change", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "No-tillage;Carbon dioxide;Climate change;Maize;Small holders;Africa", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "climate change", "Small holders", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "\u00e9mission d'azote", "Africa", "8. Economic growth", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "afrique du sud", "small holders", "azote du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007%2fbf00328785", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-21", "title": "Shoot Biomass, ?13c, Nitrogen And Chlorophyll Responses Of Two Arctic Dwarf Shrubs To In Situ Shading, Nutrient Application And Warming Simulating Climatic Change", "description": "As climatic change might induce ecophysiological changes in plants which affect their long-term performance, we investigated responses in above-ground biomass, \u03b413C, nitrogen and chlorophyll of two evergreen arctic dwarf shrubs, Cassiope tetragona and Empetrum hermaphroditum, to 5 (biomass, N) or 6 years of shading, nutrient application and air/soil warming at a dwarf shrub dominated tree-line heath (450 m a.s.l) and a high altitude fellfield (1100 m a.s.l.) in Swedish Lapland. Warming enhanced the green biomass (equivalent to the last 3-4 years of leaf production) and the ratio of green to brown biomass of C. tetragona at the fellfield, and diluted the shoot N concentration. Fertilizer application led to higher shoot N concentration and larger green-to-brown biomass ratio at both sites, and fertilizer application and warming generally had an additive effect on the green biomass. We conclude that both warming and increased soil nutrient availability stimulated the growth of C. tetragona at the fellfield whereas at the heath there was a clear increase in production only if enhanced temperature was combined with nutrient application. Across treatments C. tetragona at the fellfield had 0.6\u2030 higher \u03b413C and 1.4 mg g-1 more leaf N, and the soil organic matter \u03b413C was 1.0\u2030 higher at the fellfield than at the heath. However, an increase in shoot N concentration with altitude does not necessarily lead to higher \u03b413C as no differences in \u03b413C were observed when leaf N of the two dwarf shrubs was increased by fertilizer application c. tetragona in non-warmed plots had higher \u03b413C values than those from warmed plots at the same altitude, which provides the first in situ experimental validation of the theory that temperature partly is responsible for altitudinal trends in plant carbon isotope discrimination. Increased biomass and chlorophyll concentration of C. tetragona in warmed plots points to increased assimilation, at least at the fellfield. As the \u03b413C-based and, therefore, time-integrated estimate of the ratio of CO2 concentration in the leaf intercellular spaces to that in the atmosphere (C i/C a) also increased, warming probably enhanced the stomatal conductance relatively more than the C assimilation, which may be harmful if climatic change leads to reduced soil moisture content and increased plant competition for water. At both sites C. tetragona and E. hermaphroditum responded to shade by increasing the concentration of shoot N and photosynthetic pigments whereas biomass production (and therefore also net photosynthesis) did not decline. Shade was accompanied by a 0.6-1.3\u2030 (E. hermaphroditum) or 1.2-2.2\u2030 (C. tetragona) decrease in \u03b413C. This could be due to enhanced stomatal conductance with shading, and perhaps to shade reducing the ericoid mycorrhizal uptake of soil organic C, a factor which has been overlooked as an influence on plant \u03b413C.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "jord", "plants", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "planter", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "climate change", "mikroorganismer", "13. Climate action", "Faculty of Science", "arctic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "\u00f8kologi", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience", "arktis", "ecology", "microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007%2fbf00328785"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007%2fbf00328785", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007%2fbf00328785", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007%2fbf00328785"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:38Z", "created": "2011-02-08", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and time- independent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "BIOFUELS;ENERGY CROPS;PERENNIALS;LCA;GREENHOUSE GASES;CLIMATE CHANGE;POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS;BIOENERGY POTENTIAL;LAND-USE CHANGE;NITROUS OXIDE;CARBON DIOXIDE;AGRICULTURAL PRATICES \u00a0;AGRONOMIE;", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "biomasse", "pratique culturale", "\u00e9nergie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "oxyde nitreux", "gaz trace", "\u00e9mission", "Agricultural sciences", "flux", "culture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "cycle de vie", "biocarburant", "13. Climate action", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "impact sur l'environnement", "Sciences agricoles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00328785", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-21", "title": "Shoot Biomass, Delta C-13, Nitrogen And Chlorophyll Responses Of Two Arctic Dwarf Shrubs To In Situ Shading, Nutrient Application And Warming Simulating Climatic Change", "description": "As climatic change might induce ecophysiological changes in plants which affect their long-term performance, we investigated responses in above-ground biomass, \u03b413C, nitrogen and chlorophyll of two evergreen arctic dwarf shrubs, Cassiope tetragona and Empetrum hermaphroditum, to 5 (biomass, N) or 6 years of shading, nutrient application and air/soil warming at a dwarf shrub dominated tree-line heath (450 m a.s.l) and a high altitude fellfield (1100 m a.s.l.) in Swedish Lapland. Warming enhanced the green biomass (equivalent to the last 3-4 years of leaf production) and the ratio of green to brown biomass of C. tetragona at the fellfield, and diluted the shoot N concentration. Fertilizer application led to higher shoot N concentration and larger green-to-brown biomass ratio at both sites, and fertilizer application and warming generally had an additive effect on the green biomass. We conclude that both warming and increased soil nutrient availability stimulated the growth of C. tetragona at the fellfield whereas at the heath there was a clear increase in production only if enhanced temperature was combined with nutrient application. Across treatments C. tetragona at the fellfield had 0.6\u2030 higher \u03b413C and 1.4 mg g-1 more leaf N, and the soil organic matter \u03b413C was 1.0\u2030 higher at the fellfield than at the heath. However, an increase in shoot N concentration with altitude does not necessarily lead to higher \u03b413C as no differences in \u03b413C were observed when leaf N of the two dwarf shrubs was increased by fertilizer application c. tetragona in non-warmed plots had higher \u03b413C values than those from warmed plots at the same altitude, which provides the first in situ experimental validation of the theory that temperature partly is responsible for altitudinal trends in plant carbon isotope discrimination. Increased biomass and chlorophyll concentration of C. tetragona in warmed plots points to increased assimilation, at least at the fellfield. As the \u03b413C-based and, therefore, time-integrated estimate of the ratio of CO2 concentration in the leaf intercellular spaces to that in the atmosphere (C i/C a) also increased, warming probably enhanced the stomatal conductance relatively more than the C assimilation, which may be harmful if climatic change leads to reduced soil moisture content and increased plant competition for water. At both sites C. tetragona and E. hermaphroditum responded to shade by increasing the concentration of shoot N and photosynthetic pigments whereas biomass production (and therefore also net photosynthesis) did not decline. Shade was accompanied by a 0.6-1.3\u2030 (E. hermaphroditum) or 1.2-2.2\u2030 (C. tetragona) decrease in \u03b413C. This could be due to enhanced stomatal conductance with shading, and perhaps to shade reducing the ericoid mycorrhizal uptake of soil organic C, a factor which has been overlooked as an influence on plant \u03b413C.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "jord", "plants", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "planter", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "climate change", "mikroorganismer", "13. Climate action", "Faculty of Science", "arctic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "\u00f8kologi", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience", "arktis", "ecology", "microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00328785"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00328785", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00328785", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00328785"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-07", "title": "Societal importance of Antarctic negative feedbacks on climate change: blue carbon gains from sea ice, ice shelf and glacier losses", "description": "Abstract

Diminishing prospects for environmental preservation under climate change are intensifying efforts to boost capture, storage and sequestration (long-term burial) of carbon. However, as Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s biological carbon sinks also shrink, remediation has become a key part of the narrative for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, blue carbon on polar continental shelves have stronger pathways to sequestration and have increased with climate-forced marine ice losses\uffe2\uff80\uff94becoming the largest known natural negative feedback on climate change. Here we explore the size and complex dynamics of blue carbon gains with spatiotemporal changes in sea ice (60\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921), ice shelves (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89giant iceberg generation) and glacier retreat (<\uffe2\uff80\uff891 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Estimates suggest that, amongst these, reduced duration of seasonal sea ice is most important. Decreasing sea ice extent drives longer (not necessarily larger biomass) smaller cell-sized phytoplankton blooms, increasing growth of many primary consumers and benthic carbon storage\uffe2\uff80\uff94where sequestration chances are maximal. However, sea ice losses also create positive feedbacks in shallow waters through increased iceberg movement and scouring of benthos. Unlike loss of sea ice, which enhances existing sinks, ice shelf losses generate brand new carbon sinks both where giant icebergs were, and in their wake. These also generate small positive feedbacks from scouring, minimised by repeat scouring at biodiversity hotspots. Blue carbon change from glacier retreat has been least well quantified, and although emerging fjords are small areas, they have high storage-sequestration conversion efficiencies, whilst blue carbon in polar waters faces many diverse and complex stressors. The identity of these are known (e.g. fishing, warming, ocean acidification, non-indigenous species and plastic pollution) but not their magnitude of impact. In order to mediate multiple stressors, research should focus on wider verification of blue carbon gains, projecting future change, and the broader environmental and economic benefits to safeguard blue carbon ecosystems through law.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Blue carbon", "Ecologie", "Climate Change", "Sea ice", "Nature-based solutions", "Antarctic Regions", "Review", "Evolution des esp\u00e8ces", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Feedback", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Blue carbon \u00b7 Ecosystem services \u00b7 Sea ice \u00b7 Nature-based solutions \u00b7 Southern Ocean", "Ecosystem services", "Ice Cover", "Seawater", "14. Life underwater", "Southern Ocean", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/332392/3/Barnes2021_Article_SocietalImportanceOfAntarcticN.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Science%20of%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "description": "We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Fossil Fuels", "Switchgrass", "Rotation", "Climate Change", "Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Soils Carbon Sequestration", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Manufacturing", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Hybrid Poplar", "Poplars", "Cements", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-015-3543-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-08", "title": "Coupled Long-Term Summer Warming And Deeper Snow Alters Species Composition And Stimulates Gross Primary Productivity In Tussock Tundra", "description": "Climate change is expected to increase summer temperature and winter precipitation throughout the Arctic. The long-term implications of these changes for plant species composition, plant function, and ecosystem processes are difficult to predict. We report on the influence of enhanced snow depth and warmer summer temperature following 20 years of an ITEX experimental manipulation at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Winter snow depth was increased using snow fences and warming was accomplished during summer using passive open-top chambers. One of the most important consequences of these experimental treatments was an increase in active layer depth and rate of thaw, which has led to deeper drainage and lower soil moisture content. Vegetation concomitantly shifted from a relatively wet system with high cover of the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum to a drier system, dominated by deciduous shrubs including Betula nana and Salix pulchra. At the individual plant level, we observed higher leaf nitrogen concentration associated with warmer temperatures and increased snow in S. pulchra and B. nana, but high leaf nitrogen concentration did not lead to higher rates of net photosynthesis. At the ecosystem level, we observed higher GPP and NEE in response to summer warming. Our results suggest that deeper snow has a cascading set of biophysical consequences that include a deeper active layer that leads to altered species composition, greater leaf nitrogen concentration, and higher ecosystem-level carbon uptake.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Salix", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Seasons", "Tundra", "Alaska", "Betula", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3543-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-015-3543-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-015-3543-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-015-3543-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-04", "title": "Combined Effects Of Precipitation And Nitrogen Deposition On Native And Invasive Winter Annual Production In California Deserts", "description": "Primary production in deserts is limited by soil moisture and N availability, and thus is likely to be influenced by both anthropogenic N deposition and precipitation regimes altered as a consequence of climate change. Invasive annual grasses are particularly responsive to increases in N and water availabilities, which may result in competition with native forb communities. Additionally, conditions favoring increased invasive grass production in arid and semi-arid regions can increase fire risk, negatively impacting woody vegetation that is not adapted to fire. We conducted a seeded garden experiment and a 5-year field fertilization experiment to investigate how winter annual production is altered by increasing N supply under a range of water availabilities. The greatest production of invasive grasses and native forbs in the garden experiment occurred under the highest soil N (inorganic N after fertilization = 2.99 g m(-2)) and highest watering regime, indicating these species are limited by both water and N. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis on the multi-year field fertilization study showed that winter annual biomass was primarily limited by November-December precipitation. Biomass exceeded the threshold capable of carrying fire when inorganic soil N availability was at least 3.2 g m(-2) in pi\u00f1on-juniper woodland. Due to water limitation in creosote bush scrub, biomass exceeded the fire threshold only under very wet conditions regardless of soil N status. The CART analyses also revealed that percent cover of invasive grasses and native forbs is primarily dependent on the timing and amount of precipitation and secondarily dependent on soil N and site-specific characteristics. In total, our results indicate that areas of high N deposition will be susceptible to grass invasion, particularly in wet years, potentially reducing native species cover and increasing the risk of fire.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Schismus", "Non-native", "Bromus", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Fires", "Soil", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Geography", "Ecosystem ecology - Original paper", "Plant Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Water", "Agriculture", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Fuel load", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "Regression Analysis", "Seasons", "Desert Climate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rao, Leela E., Allen, Edith B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qv4f2kn/qt8qv4f2kn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-18", "title": "Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment And Nitrogen Addition On Inorganic Carbon Leaching In Subtropical Model Forest Ecosystems", "description": "Soil mineral weathering may serve as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Increased weathering of soil minerals induced by elevated CO2 concentration has been reported previously in temperate areas. However, this has not been well documented for the tropics and subtropics. We used model forest ecosystems in open-top chambers to study the effects of CO2 enrichment alone and together with nitrogen (N) addition on inorganic carbon (C) losses in the leachates. Three years of exposure to an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 700\u00a0ppm resulted in increased annual inorganic C export through leaching below the 70\u00a0cm soil profile. Compared to the control without any CO2 and N treatments, net biocarbonate C (HCO3 \u2212-C) loss increased by 42%, 74%, and 81% in the high CO2 concentration treatment in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Increased inorganic C export following the exposure to the elevated CO2 was related to both increased inorganic C concentrations in the leaching water and the greater amount of leaching water. Net annual inorganic C (HCO3 \u2212-C and carbonate C: CO3 2\u2212-C) loss via the leaching water in the high CO2 concentration chambers reached 48.0, 49.5, and 114.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 y\u22121 in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, compared with 33.8, 28.4, and 62.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121 in the control chambers in the corresponding years. The N addition showed a negative effect on the mineral weathering. The decreased inorganic C concentration in the leaching water and the decreased leaching water amount induced by the high N treatment were the results of the adverse effect. Our results suggest that tropical forest soil systems may be able to compensate for a small part of the atmospheric CO2 increase through the accelerated processing of CO2 into HCO3 \u2212-C during soil mineral weathering, which might be transported in part into ground water or oceans on geological timescales.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecological impacts of climate change and ecological adaptation", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-011-9438-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-18", "title": "A Synthesis of Climate and Vegetation Cover Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling in Shrub-Dominated Drylands", "description": "Semi-arid and arid ecosystems dominated by shrubs (\u201cdry shrublands\u201d) are an important component of the global C cycle, but impacts of climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 on biogeochemical cycling in these ecosystems have not been synthetically assessed. This study synthesizes data from manipulative studies and from studies contrasting ecosystem processes in different vegetation microsites (that is, shrub or herbaceous canopy versus intercanopy microsites), to assess how changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 affect biogeochemical cycles by altering plant and microbial physiology and ecosystem structure. Further, we explore how ecosystem structure impacts on biogeochemical cycles differ across a climate gradient. We found that: (1) our ability to project ecological responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 is limited by a dearth of manipulative studies, and by a lack of measurements in those studies that can explain biogeochemical changes, (2) changes in ecosystem structure will impact biogeochemical cycling, with decreasing pools and fluxes of C and N if vegetation canopy microsites were to decline, and (3) differences in biogeochemical cycling between microsites are predictable with a simple aridity index (MAP/MAT), where the relative difference in pools and fluxes of C and N between vegetation canopy and intercanopy microsites is positively correlated with aridity. We conclude that if climate change alters ecosystem structure, it will strongly impact biogeochemical cycles, with increasing aridity leading to greater heterogeneity in biogeochemical cycling among microsites. Additional long-term manipulative experiments situated across dry shrublands are required to better predict climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycling in deserts.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "spatial heterogeneity", "biogeochemical cycles", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "elevated atmospheric CO2", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "semi-arid and arid ecosystems", "meta analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-014-9764-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=climate+change&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=climate+change&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=climate+change&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=climate+change&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 747, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-10-23T05:57:05.773859Z"}