{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/bf00115737", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-03", "title": "Alley Cropping With Leucaena-Leucocephala (Lam) De Wit And Acioa-Barteri (Hook F) Engl", "description": "The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4 m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping. Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa. Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass, although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses. Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "2. Zero hunger", "sole cropping", "nutrients", "dry matter", "yields", "weeds", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "maize", "infestation", "cowpeas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Siaw, D.E.K.A., Kang, B.T., Okali, D.U.U.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00115737"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00115737", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00115737", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00115737"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf02139631", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-15", "title": "Alley Cropping Sequentially Cropped Maize And Cowpea With Leucaena On A Sandy Soil In Southern Nigeria", "description": "The potential of alley cropping maize and cowpea with the giant Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit) cultivar K-28 was studied on an Entisol (Psammentic Ustorthent) in Southern Nigeria. In this trial the crops were grown in 4 m wide alleys formed by periodically pruned leucaena hedgerows. The effect of application of leucaena prunings, nitrogen fertilizer and tillage was studied. Despite the very intensive pruning regime (five prunings/year) for a six-year period, the leucaena hedgerows continue to produce substantial amounts of prunings, nitrogen yield and stakes. Application of nitrogen to the maize crop increased dry matter and nitrogen yield from the leucaena prunings. Although high nitrogen yield was obtained from the prunings, the application of low nitrogen rates was still needed for obtaining a high maize yield. Maize grain yield can be sustained at about 2.0 t/ha with continuous application of leucacna prunings only. Without application of leucaena prunings and nitrogen maize yield continued to decline with subsequent croppings. Cowpea grain yield was not affected either by leucaena prunings or by residual nitrogen. Tillage (rototilling) resulted in either higher or the same maize and cowpea yields as compared with no-tillage. Application of leucaena prunings resulted in higher soil moisture retention, organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and also nitrate levels in the soil solution. Leucaena and maize appear to extract soil moisture from different zones in the soil. Timely pruning of hedgerows is necessary to minimize shading.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "2. Zero hunger", "leucaena leucocephala", "soil nutrient", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "cowpeas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kang, B.T., Grimme, H., Lawson, T.L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02139631"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf02139631", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf02139631", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf02139631"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-04", "title": "Effects Of Cropping History And Phosphorus Source On Yield And Nitrogen Fixation In Sole And Intercropped Cowpea\u2013Maize Systems", "description": "Symbiotic N2-fixation, N uptake efficiency, biomass- and crop production of cowpea and maize as affected by P source, sole- and intercropped, and introduction of break crops were studied on a farmer\u2019s fields in semi-arid Tanzania. Cowpea fixed around 60% of its N from the atmosphere amounting to 70\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 under sole and 36\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 under intercropping as estimated by the 15N isotope dilution method around peak biomass production. The amount of N2-fixed was 30\u201340% higher when P was applied as either TSP or MRP whereas cowpea yield were unaffected. Intercropped maize with 19,000 plant ha\u22121 accumulated the same amount of N as 38,000 sole cropped maize plants although intercropping reduced the dry matter accumulation by 25%. The N uptake efficiency of the applied 15N labelled fertiliser was 26%, which equal a total pool of early available plant N of 158\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121. Under the N deficient conditions, P application did not increase the grain yield of maize. The LER indicate that sole cropping required 18% more area than intercropping in order to produce the same grain yield, and 35% more land when LER was based on N uptakes. Introduction of break crops in the maize systems, more than doubled accumulation of dry matter and N in the grain compared to continuous maize cropping. During maturation sole crop cowpea shedded leaves containing 41\u00a0kg N ha\u22121. The current findings underline the importance of crop diversity in Sub Saharan Africa agriculture and emphasise the need for including all residues, including shedded leaves, in nutrient balance studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Intercropping", "Nitrogen fixation", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Life", "LER", "Semi-arid", "Cowpea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Former LIFE faculty", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9041-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-14", "title": "Integrated Pearl Millet Management In The Sahel: Effects Of Legume Rotation And Fallow Management On Productivity And Striga Hermonthica Infestation", "description": "Increasing population density and food needs in the Sahel are major drivers behind the conversion of land under natural vegetation to arable land. Intensification of agriculture is a necessity for farmers to produce enough food. As manure is scarce and fertilizers expensive, this study looks into the potential role of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and short duration fallow in maintaining soil fertility and productivity and in reducing the major weed problem Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. The research was carried out \u2018on-farm\u2019 in a traditional millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) growing area in the Malian Sahel, near Bankass. The four year experiment combined 0, 2, 5, and 7\u00a0years of preceding fallow with (i) 4\u00a0years of millet, (ii) 1\u00a0year of cowpea\u00a0+\u00a03\u00a0years of millet, and (iii) 1\u00a0year of cowpea\u00a0+\u00a03\u00a0years of millet/cowpea inter-cropping. Total millet production (4\u00a0years) was 1440\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for all systems with 2, 5 or 7\u00a0years of preceding fallow against 1180\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for systems without fallow. Cowpea grain production showed no significant differences between fallow treatments. Over 4\u00a0years, all cropping systems produced similar total amounts of millet grain, implying that the millet \u2018lost\u2019 during the year with a pure cowpea crop in treatments (ii) and (iii) was compensated within three years, while the cowpea grain production was an additional benefit. Such compensation was however not observed for increasing number of preceding fallow years, showing that there is no additional production benefit in 5\u20137\u00a0years of fallow as compared to 2\u00a0years. The soil organic carbon content decreased more slowly in treatments with a cowpea pure crop in 1998 than in the millet pure crop, while overall higher contents were observed after preceding fallow also after four years of cropping. Striga hermonthica infestation decreased linearly with duration of preceding fallow, but also after seven years of fallow and one year of cowpea the hemi-parasitic weed still re-appeared. Overall the intensification through a cowpea pure crop and cowpea intercrop in these millet-based systems improved production and a number of other characteristics of the system, making it more viable.", "keywords": ["nutrient flows", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NRS", "soil fertility", "continuous cultivation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "semiarid tropics", "cowpea", "ADLIB-ART-2493", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sorghum", "west-africa", "crop productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9041-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9041-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9041-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9041-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-21", "title": "N 2 -Fixation And N Contribution By Grain Legumes Under Different Soil Fertility Status And Cropping Systems In The Guinea Savanna Of Northern Ghana", "description": "Continuous cereal-based cropping has led to a rapid decline in soil fertility in the Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of northern Ghana with corresponding low crop yields. We evaluated the effects of cropping system and soil fertility status on grain yields and N2-fixation by grain legumes and net N contribution to soil fertility improvement in contrasting sites in this agro-ecological zone. Maize was intercropped with cowpea, soybean and groundnut within a row, with a maize stand alternated with two equally spaced cowpea or groundnut stands and in the maize-soybean system, four equally spaced soybean stands. These intercrops were compared with sole crops of maize, cowpea, soybean and groundnut in fertile and poorly fertile fields at sites in the southern (SGS) and the northern (NGS) Guinea savanna. The proportion of N derived from N2-fixation (%Ndfa) was comparable between intercrops and sole crops. However, the amount of N2-fixed was significantly larger in sole crops due to a greater biomass accumulation. Legumes in poorly fertile fields had significantly smaller shoot \u03b415N enrichment (-2.8 to +0.7\u2030) and a larger %Ndfa (55-94%) than those in fertile fields (-0.8 to +2.2\u2030; 23-85%). The N2-fixed however was larger in fertile fields (16-145\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1) than in poorly fertile fields (15-123\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1) due to greater shoot dry matter and N yields. The legumes grown in the NGS obtained more of their N requirements from atmospheric N2-fixation (73-88%) than legumes grown in the SGS (41-69%). The partial soil N balance (in\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1) was comparable between intercrops (-14 to 21) and sole legumes (-8 to 23) but smaller than that of sole maize receiving N fertiliser (+7 to +34). With other N inputs (aerial deposition) and outputs (leaching and gaseous losses) unaccounted for, there is uncertainty surrounding the actual amount of soil N balances of the cropping systems, indicating that partial N balances are not reliable indicators of the sustainability of cropping systems. Nevertheless, the systems with legumes seem more attractive due to several non-N benefits. Our results suggest that soybean could be targeted in the SGS and cowpea in the NGS for greater productivity while groundnut is suited to both environments. Grain legumes grown in poorly fertile fields contributed more net N to the soil but growing legumes in fertile fields seems more lucrative due to greater grain and stover yields and non-N benefits.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Groundnut", "Cowpea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soybean", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Maize", "Partial N balance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107856", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-11", "title": "A first-year melon/cowpea intercropping system improves soil nutrients and changes the soil microbial community", "description": "The melon/cowpea intercropping system can be a specific and efficient cropping pattern in a horticultural field. Intercropping systems contribute to the optimization of land use, fostering sustainable and efficient agriculture. This study entails a first-year comparative intercropping assay using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and melon (Cucumis melo) under organic management with different patterns and 30% less organic fertilization than usual in monocrops. We determined the soil nutrients, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbes by high-throughput sequencing. We found that the intercropping system changed the bacterial community structure independently of the intercropping pattern. The bacterial community was characterized by a higher abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla and of the genus Pseudomonas, which are related to nutrient cycling, and by greater amounts of other beneficial microorganisms like Bacillus, Streptomyces and Sphingomonas. The intercropped systems significantly boosted the total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total organic carbon levels in addition to the melon yield. They also enhanced the acid phosphatase and \ufffd\ufffd-glucosidase activity compared to the melon monocrop. Results from this study suggest that melon/cowpea intercropping, starting from the first year, not only provides a stable supply of food and income due to the diversified cropping systems, but is also beneficial for the soil microbial community and environment.", "keywords": ["Melon", "2. Zero hunger", "Intercropping", "Nitrogen", "Cowpea", "Phosphorous", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bacterial community", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107856"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107856", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107856", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107856"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-10", "title": "Combined Control Of Striga Hermonthica And Stemborers By Maize\u2013Desmodium Spp. Intercrops", "description": "The African witchweed (Striga spp.) and lepidopteran stemborers are two major biotic constraints to the efficient production of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies had shown the value of intercropping maize with Desmodium uncinatum in the control of both pests. The current study was conducted to assess the potential role of other Desmodium spp., adapted to different agro-ecologies, in combined control of both pests in Kenya. Treatments consisted of intercropped plots of a Striga hermonthica- and stemborer-susceptible maize variety and one Desmodium sp. or cowpea, with a maize monocrop plot included as a control. S. hermonthica counts and stemborer damage to maize plants were significantly reduced in maize\u2013desmodium intercrops (by up to 99.2% and 74.7%, respectively) than in a maize monocrop and a maize\u2013cowpea intercrop. Similarly, maize plant height and grain yields were significantly higher (by up to 103.2% and 511.1%, respectively) in maize\u2013desmodium intercrops than in maize monocrops or maize\u2013cowpea intercrops. These results confirmed earlier findings that intercropping maize with D. uncinatum effectively suppressed S. hermonthica and stemborer infestations in maize resulting in higher crop yields. They also demonstrate that the other Desmodium spp. assessed in the current study have similar effects as D. uncinatum, indicating comparable phytochemical and other relevant attributes in these species. Overall results indicate the suitability of the Desmodium spp. for the control of both S. hermonthica and stemborers in maize. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Desmodium", "Striga", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Maize", "Intercropping", "Cowpea", "Control", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stemborer"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hassanali, Ahmed, Midega, C. A.O., Wadhams, Lester J., Pickett, John A., Khan, Zeyaur R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Crop%20Protection", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-09", "title": "Maize\u2013Grain Legume Intercropping Is An Attractive Option For Ecological Intensification That Reduces Climatic Risk For Smallholder Farmers In Central Mozambique", "description": "Abstract   Many farmers in central Mozambique intercrop maize with grain legumes as a means to improve food security and income. The objective of this study was to understand the farming system, and to evaluate the suitability of maize\u2013legume intercropping to alleviate the biophysical and socio-economic constraints faced by smallholder farmers in Ruaca and Vunduzi villages, central Mozambique. To achieve this we characterised the farming systems and measured grain yields, rainfall infiltration, economic returns and acceptability of maize\u2013legume intercrops under different N and P application rates. Two intercropping strategies were tested: (a) an additive design of within-row intercropping in which legume was intercropped with alternating hills of maize within the same row; maize plant population was the same as sole crop maize, and (b) a substitutive design with distinct alternating rows of maize and legume (local practice). Fertiliser treatments imposed on all treatments were: (i) no fertiliser, (ii) 20\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121 , (iii) 20\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0+\u00a030\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , and (iv) 20\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0+\u00a060\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . Intercrops were relatively more productive than the corresponding sole crops; land equivalent ratios (LER) for within-row intercropping ranged between 1.1 and 2.4, and between 1.0 and 1.9 for distinct-row intercropping. Average maize yield penalty for intercropping maize and pigeonpea in the within-row was small (8%) compared with 50% in the distinct-row design; average (season\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0fertiliser) sole maize yield was 3.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 . Intercropping maize and cowpea in within-row led to maize yield loss of only 6%, whereas distinct-row intercropping reduced maize yield by 25% from 2.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of sole maize (season\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0fertiliser). Cowpea yield was less affected by intercropping: sole cowpea had an average yield of 0.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , distinct-row intercropping (0.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and the within-row intercropping yielded 0.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 . Legumes were comparatively less affected by the long dry spells which were prevalent during the study period. Response to N and P fertiliser was weak due to poor rainfall distribution. In the third season, maize in rotation with pigeonpea and without N fertiliser application yielded 5.6\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 , eight times more than continuous maize which was severely infested by striga ( Striga asiatica ) and yielded only 0.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 . Rainfall infiltration increased from 6\u00a0mm\u00a0h \u22121  to 22\u00a0mm\u00a0h \u22121  with long-term maize\u2013legume intercropping due to a combination of good quality biomass production which provided mulch combined with no tillage. Intercropping maize and pigeonpea was profitable with a rate of return of at least 343% over sole maize cropping. Farmers preferred the within-row maize\u2013legume intercropping with an acceptability score of 84% because of good yields for both maize and legume. Intercropping increased the labour required for weeding by 36% compared with the sole crops. Farmers in Ruaca faced labour constraints due to extensification thus maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping may improve productivity and help reduce the area cultivated. In Vunduzi, land limitation was a major problem and intensification through legumes is amongst the few feasible options to increase both production and productivity. The late maturity of pigeonpea means that free-grazing of cattle has to be delayed, which allows farmers to retain crop residues in the fields as mulch if they choose to; this allows the use of no-tillage practises. We conclude that maize\u2013legume intercropping has potential to: (a) reduce the risk of crop failure, (b) improve productivity and income, and (c) increase food security in vulnerable production systems, and is a feasible entry point to ecological intensification.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "agro\u00e9cologie", "petite exploitation agricole", "extensification", "nitrogen-fixation", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "analyse \u00e9conomique", "l\u00e9gume sec", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6214", "striga", "syst\u00e8me de culture", "intensification", "2. Zero hunger", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10967", "soil fertility", "1. No poverty", "facteur climatique", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Sorghum bicolor", "resource capture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_92381", "rentabilit\u00e9", "conservation agriculture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504", "s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13199", "E16 - \u00c9conomie de la production", "Vigna unguiculata", "crop-rotation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29554", "Cenchrus americanus", "Zea mays", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "Life Science", "decomposition", "15. Life on land", "yield", "Maize", "cowpea", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3351", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33484", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485", "systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3910", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2469", "culture intercalaire", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4964", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7113"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s001447970400211x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-14", "title": "Incorporating Short-Season Legumes And Green Manure Crops Into Maize-Based Systems In The Moist Guinea Savanna Of West Africa", "description": "<p>A three-year trial was conducted on a degraded soil in the moist Guinea savanna of northern Nigeria to assess the possibility of improving productivity and economic viability of maize-based systems by incorporating short-season legumes and green manure crops into the cropping pattern. Treatments included double cropping legume-maize systems, full-season sole maize receiving various amounts of nitrogen, green manure crop mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) followed by sole maize and a legume-maize system receiving additional rice mill waste. In comparison with full-season maize, the use of early-season cowpea followed by maize improved productivity as well as economic returns of the cropping system, while the use of mucuna, grown as an early-season crop or full-season crop, resulted in poor overall productivity of the system. The addition of rice mill waste as a soil amendment in cowpea\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize systems stimulated maize yields and rice mill waste can form a cheap source of organic inputs for farmers living nearby rice mills. Given the limited growing season of the northern Guinea savanna, it is concluded that timing of field operations is crucial for the successful application of double cropping systems. In addition, high labour requirements are a serious constraint for wide-scale adoption of double cropping systems by small-scale farmers, stressing the need to reduce soil cultivation operations, for example by maintaining a uniform ridge distance for all crops in the rotation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "green manures", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "cropping patterns", "15. Life on land", "maize", "cowpeas", "nigeria"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Franke, A., Schulz, S., Oyewole, B., Bako, S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s001447970400211x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s001447970400211x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s001447970400211x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s001447970400211x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-29", "title": "Contour Hedgerows And Grass Strips In Erosion And Runoff Control On Sloping Land In Semi-Arid Kenya", "description": "Most early alley cropping studies in semi-arid Kenya were on fairly flat land while there is an increase in cultivated sloping land. The effectiveness of aging contour hedgerows and grass strips for erosion control on an about 15% slope of an Alfisol was compared. The five treatments were Senna siamea hedgerows with tree prunings applied as mulch to crops (H\u00a0+\u00a0M), hedgerows with crops with prunings removed (H), mulch only applied to crops (M), crops with Panicum maximum grass strips (G), and a sole crop control of a rotation of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Cumulative results for four consecutive seasons showed that most successful treatment H\u00a0+\u00a0M reduced soil loss from just over 100 to only 2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (or t\u00a0ha\u22121) and runoff from just below 100 to 20\u00a0mm as compared to the sole crop control C. Grass strips were less effective (15\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 46\u00a0mm, respectively). Cumulative maize yields (1993\u20131995) were reduced by 35% in H\u00a0+\u00a0M, 55% in H, and by more than 60% in G. Generally, the M plot pr...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil protection", "Water conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Resource competition", "01 natural sciences", "Maize", "Senna siamea", "Cowpea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land degradation", "Agroforestry", "Panicum maximum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kinama, J.M., Stigter, C.J., Ong, C.K., Ng'ang'a, J.K., Gichuki, F.N.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324980601074545"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324980601074545"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Weed Interference In Maize, Cowpea And Maize/Cowpea Intercrop In A Subhumid Tropical Environment. I. Influence Of Cropping Season", "description": "Summary:<p>Field experiments were conducted in the early and late cropping seasons of 1979 on a loamysand Oxic Ustropept in a subhumid environment in Nigeria, using 40000, 50000 and 30000 + 40000 plants ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of maize (Zea mays L. cv. TZB), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. VITA\uffe2\uff80\uff905) and maize/cowpea intercrop respectively. These indicated that weed interference effects on crops under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage depended on cropping season, cropping pattern and crop species. In the early and late seasons respectively, thirty\uffe2\uff80\uff90five and twenty\uffe2\uff80\uff90nine different weed species were recorded and weed dry weights of approximately 10\uffc2\uffb74 and 5\uffc2\uffb77 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from the plots kept weedy throughout the season reduced corresponding food energy yields by 60 and 82%. Except for the intercrop, which in the early season showed significant yield reduction when exposed to 4 weeks\uffe2\uff80\uff99 weed interference after sowing, all cropping patterns needed more than 4 weeks\uffe2\uff80\uff99 interference to show significant yield reductions, regardless of cropping season. In the early season, weed interference accounted more for the yield reductions in monocultures than it did for those in the intercrop, but in the late season all cropping patterns were equally sensitive to weed association. Maize, which performed much better in the early season, showed greater yield reductions than cowpea under early weed interference but less under full\uffe2\uff80\uff90season interference irrespective of cropping pattern and season. Cowpea seed quality was more reduced by intercropping than by weed interference in the early season but neither of these factors affected seed quality significantly in the late season.</p>", "keywords": ["vigna unguiculata", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "maize", "cowpeas", "field experiments"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ayeni, A.O., Duke, W.B., Akobundu, I.O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1984.tb01564.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1984-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:43Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for \"Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe\"", "description": "These are the raw data of the paper 'Mulch application as the overarching factor explaining increase in soil organic carbon stocks under conservation agriculture in two 8-year-old experiments in Zimbabwe\u201d authored by Armwell Shumba, Regis Chikowo, Christian Thierfelder, Marc Corbeels, Johan Six, R\u00e9mi Cardinael", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "sub-Saharan Africa", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "F07 - Travail du sol", "Agricultural Sciences", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P30 - Sciences et am\u00e9nagement du sol", "15. Life on land", "maize", "carbon sequestration", "mulches", "cowpeas", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shumba, Armwell, Chikowo, Regis, Thierfelder, Christian, Corbeels, Marc, Six, Johan, Cardinael, R\u00e9mi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "name": "item", "description": "10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.18167/DVN1/VPOCHN"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004593", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-07", "title": "Melon/cowpea intercropping pattern influenced the N and C soil cycling and the abundance of soil rare bacterial taxa", "description": "<p>The high use of pesticides, herbicides, and unsustainable farming practices resulted in losses of soil quality. Sustainable farming practices such as intercropping could be a good alternative to traditional monocrop, especially using legumes such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). In this study, different melon and cowpea intercropping patterns (melon mixed with cowpea in the same row (MC1); alternating one melon row and one cowpea row (MC2); alternating two melon rows and one cowpea row (MC3)) were assayed to study the intercropping effect on soil bacterial community through 16S rRNA region in a 3-year experiment. The results indicated that intercropping showed high content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and ammonium, melon yield, and bacterial diversity as well as higher levels of beneficial soil microorganisms such a Pseudomonas, Aeromicrobium, Niastella, or Sphingomonas which can promote plant growth and plant defense against pathogens. Furthermore, intercropping showed a higher rare taxa diversity in two (MC1 and MC2) out of the three intercropping systems. In addition, N-cycling genes such as nirB, nosZ, and amoA were more abundant in MC1 and MC2 whereas the narG predicted gene was far more abundant in the intercropping systems than in the monocrop at the end of the 3-year experiment. This research fills a gap in knowledge about the importance of soil bacteria in an intercropping melon/cowpea pattern, showing the benefits to yield and soil quality with a decrease in N fertilization.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "cowpea", "03 medical and health sciences", "melon", "nitrogen cycle", "16S rRNA", "PICRUSt2", "intercropping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004593"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004593", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004593", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004593"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy9110766", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-18", "title": "Nitrogen Nutrition Optimization in Organic Greenhouse Tomato Through the Use of Legume Plants as Green Manure or Intercrops", "description": "<p>In the present study, in addition to farmyard manure (FYM), cowpea was applied as green manure and faba bean as an intercrop in an organic greenhouse tomato crop, aiming to increase the levels of soil N. Three experiments (E1, E2, E3) were carried out, in which legumes were either noninoculated or inoculated with rhizobia alone or together with plant growth, promoting rhizobacteria. Inoculation of legumes with rhizobia considerably increased N2 fixation in E1 but had no impact on N2 fixation in E2 and E3. In E1, the application of cowpea decreased yield because it imposed a stronger nematode infection as the cowpea plants acted as a good host for Meloidogyne. However, in E2 and E3 the nematode infection was successfully controlled and the legumes significantly increased the tomato yield when inoculated in E2, irrespective of legume inoculation in E3. The total N concentration in the tomato plant tissues was significantly increased by legume application in E2 and E3, but not in E1. These results show that legumes applied as green manure can successfully complement N supply via FYM in organic greenhouse tomato, while legume inoculation with rhizobia can increase the amounts of nitrogen provided to the crop via green manure.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "pgpr", "S", "organic", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rhizobia", "01 natural sciences", "faba bean", "6. Clean water", "cowpea", "bnf", "Cowpea", "BNF", "PGPR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root-knot nematodes"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/11/766/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1715802/1/Agronomy_9_766.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/11/766/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110766"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy9110766", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy9110766", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy9110766"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants10030468", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-02", "title": "Impact of Legumes as a Pre-Crop on Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield in Organic Greenhouse Tomato", "description": "<p>An organic greenhouse crop of tomato was established in February following cultivation of cowpea (CP) or common bean (CB) for green pod production, or faba bean (FB) for green manuring. The vegetative residues of CP and CB were incorporated to the soil together with farmyard manure (FYM), prior to establishing the tomato crop. The FB plants were incorporated to the soil at anthesis together with either FYM or composted olive-mill waste (CO). Green manuring with FB resulted in higher soil mineral N levels during the subsequent tomato crop and higher tomato fruit yield when combined with FYM, compared to compost. The level of soil mineral N was the main restrictive factor for yield in organic greenhouse tomato. FB for green manuring as preceding crop to tomato increased significantly the level of soil mineral N and tomato yield compared to CB or CP aiming to produce green pods. The lowest tomato yield was obtained when the preceding crop was CB cultivated for green pod production. The soil mineral N was significantly higher when FYM was applied as base dressing compared with CO, despite the higher total N concentration in CO, pointing to slower mineralization rates of CO during tomato cultivation.</p>", "keywords": ["common bean", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "green manure", "organic", "Botany", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rhizobia", "01 natural sciences", "faba bean", "Article", "cowpea", "PGPR", "BNF", "QK1-989", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BNF; Common bean; Cowpea; Faba bean; Green manure; Organic; PGPR; Rhizobia"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/468/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1796167/1/Plants_10_468.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/468/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030468"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants10030468", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants10030468", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants10030468"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "bfd7a9b9-c317-4a50-ad0e-881e9d241e31", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[10.99, 3.68], [10.99, 4.38], [12.03, 4.38], [12.03, 3.68], [10.99, 3.68]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "biological nitrogen fixation"}, {"id": "cowpeas"}, {"id": "total phosphorus"}, {"id": "phylogeny"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Author's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Author and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Author and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Author and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2024-03-11", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-03-16", "language": "eng", "title": "Dataset of Nitrogen Fixation Related Traits of Cowpeas in Low Phosphorus Soils of Cameroon.", "description": "The use of morphological attributes have traditionally been used to establish phylogenetic relationships among genotypes between and within species and for various other purposes including identification of duplicates, studies of genetic variation patterns, and correlation of characteristics of agronomic importance. Therefore characterizing cowpea genotypes is an important step in conserving biodiversity and facilitating breeding. A pot experiment was used to characterize 50 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata  ) genotypes in the screen house at Nkolbisson IITA, Cameroon. These genotypes were collected in 2012 from various sources: the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute (ISRA), University of California, Riverside (UCR); and one genotype evaluated previously at the study site (Danilla) in Cameroon. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic C, N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and extractable P. Data was collected for 20 morphological traits related to grain yields, nitrogen fixation and plant growth.\n\nResearch domain: Plant Breeding\n\nResearch question: How related are the cowpeas grown in Cameroon based on amount of nitrogen fixed and grain yield?.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "biological nitrogen fixation", "cowpeas", "total phosphorus", "phylogeny", "opendata", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": "Maureen Fonji, Atemkeng", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "atemkeng@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "ZALF", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Maureen Fonji, Atemkeng", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "atemkeng@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Tietchou  Cyrille, Yousseu,", "organization": "Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "yousse@yahoo.fr"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Cameroon"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=bfd7a9b9-c317-4a50-ad0e-881e9d241e31", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/Phenogram_of_50_cowpea_accessions_grown_in_low_P_soils.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "bfd7a9b9-c317-4a50-ad0e-881e9d241e31", "name": "item", "description": "bfd7a9b9-c317-4a50-ad0e-881e9d241e31", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/bfd7a9b9-c317-4a50-ad0e-881e9d241e31"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29b81436-8b85-4854-b27f-9530fe93d889", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-17.3, -34.6], [-17.3, 38.2], [51.1, 38.2], [51.1, -34.6], [-17.3, -34.6]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2023-01-24T08:52:13", "created": "2013-10-01T17:22:00", "language": "eng", "title": "Suitability weight per crop - ClimAfrica WP4", "description": "The suitability analysis allowed identifying a suitability weight to each crop, based on the climate conditions (ClimAfrica) outputs as well as on the soil quality. Both climate and soil classes have been combined in order to produce one suitability map for each crop and each 30-year period (historical, current, and the 3 future periods).\nThis dataset has been produced in the framework of the \u201cClimate change predictions in Sub-Saharan Africa: impacts and adaptations (ClimAfrica)\u201d project, Work Package 4 (WP4). More information on ClimAfrica project is provided in the Supplemental Information section of this metadata.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}], "keywords": ["suitability weight", "crop", "wheat", "barley", "rye", "rice", "maize", "millet", "sorghum", "pulses", "sugarbeet", "potatoes", "manioc", "soybeans", "common bean", "cowpea", "WP4", "ClimAfrica", "Tag_climafrica", "Africa"], "contacts": [{"name": "Christelle Vancutsem", "organization": "FAO-UN", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Christelle.Vancutsem@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-UN", "roles": ["creator"]}], "distancevalue": "10", "distanceuom": "Km", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/29b81436-8b85-4854-b27f-9530fe93d889/resources/ClimAf_1_1981_2050_Suitweight_TecoCUR05.zip", "description": "Suitability weight per maize - 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