{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/698_2022_928", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:03Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2022-12-13", "title": "Agricultural Land Degradation in the Czech Republic", "description": "Abstract

Soil degradation has been identified as a major threat to the productivity of agricultural land. In the Czech Republic, soils are threatened primarily by water and wind erosion, but compaction, loss of organic matter, loss of soil structure stability, pollution and over-fertilization, loss of biodiversity, and soil sealing are also major concerns. Poor soil health results in many off-site effects such as surface water siltation, groundwater pollution, loss of biodiversity in the countryside, and decreasing crop yields. The Czech agricultural landscape is characterized by large fields with a very small number of interrupting elements such as furrows, paths, or balks and the crop structure is rather uniform. The state has a history of land collectivization which first took place during the twentieth century. The ongoing intensive and unsustainable industrial farming, which is often focused more on high yields of certain economically valuable crops rather than the environment, speeds up soil degradation. These problems are fortunately recognized by the stakeholders, legal authorities, and the public. There has been significant debate on sustainable landscape management and agricultural practices, and many positive examples already exist in the Czech Republic. 5\u00a0mm) occurrence and behavior has remained comparatively elusive, mainly due to a lack of a tracing mechanism. This study set up a methodology to trace macroplastic displacement, which combined magnetic iron oxide-tagged soil and macroplastic pieces tagged by an adhesive passive radiofrequency identification transponder. By utilizing these techniques, a field study was carried out to analyze the effect of tillage implement and plastic sizes on plastic displacement, to understand the fate of macroplastics in arable land. Results indicated that the displacement of macroplastics did not depend upon plastic sizes but did depend upon the tillage implement used. The mean macroplastics displacement per tillage pass was 0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25\u00a0m with non-inversion chisel tillage and 0.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13\u00a0m with inversion disk tillage, which was similar to bulk soil displacement. However, only inversion disk tillage caused fragmentation (41\u00a0%) of macroplastics and generated microplastics (< 5\u00a0mm). In contrast, both tillage implements drove to similar burial of surface macroplastics into the tilled layer (74\u00a0% on average). These results highlight that tillage is a major process for macroplastics fate in arable soils, being one of the first studies to investigate it.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Tracers", "Radio frequency identification (RFID)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Comparative study", "Fate and transport", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "01 natural sciences", "Plastic debris", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-28", "title": "Future changes in the Dominant Source Layer of riparian lateral water fluxes in a subhumid Mediterranean catchment", "description": "The \u2018Dominant Source Layer\u2019 (DSL) is defined as the riparian zone (RZ) depth stratum that contributes the most to water and solute fluxes to streams. The concept can be used to explain timing and amount of matter transferred from RZs to streams in forest headwaters. Here, we investigated the potential impact of future climate changes on the long-term position of the DSL in a subhumid Mediterranean headwater catchment. We used the rainfall-runoff model PERSiST to simulate reference (1981\u20132000) and future (2081\u20132100) stream runoff. The latter were simulated using synthetic temperature, precipitation, and inter-event length scenarios in order to simulate possible effects of changes in temperature, rainfall amount, and rainfall event frequency and intensity. Simulated stream runoff was then used to estimate RZ groundwater tables and the proportion of lateral water flux at every depth in the riparian profile; and hence the DSL. Our simulations indicated that future changes in temperature and precipitation will have a similar impact on the long-term DSL position. Nearly all scenarios projected that, together with reductions in stream runoff and water exports, the DSL will move down in the future, by as much as ca. 30 cm. Shallow organic-rich layers in the RZ will only be hydrologically activated during sporadic, large rainfall episodes predicted for the most extreme inter-event length scenarios. Consequently, terrestrial organic matter inputs to streams will decrease, likely reducing catchment organic matter exports and stream dissolved organic carbon concentrations. This study highlights the importance of identifying vertical, hydrologically active layers in the RZ for a better understanding of the potential impact of future climate on lateral water transfer and their relationship with surface water quality and carbon cycling.", "keywords": ["Terrestrial\u2013aquatic interface", "550", "Geography & travel", "Physics", "Catchment biogeochemistry", "0207 environmental engineering", "Oceanography", " Hydrology", " Water Resources", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "ddc:910", "Hydrological connectivity", "Environmental change", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Environmental changes", "Water Resources", "Hydrological modelling", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Hydrology", "Mediterranean climate", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/24383/1/ledesma_j_l_j_et_al_210603.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-15", "title": "Some Ecological Side-Effects Of Chemical And Physical Bush Clearing In A Southern African Rangeland Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract Bush thickening is a major concern to farmers of arid and semi-arid rangelands; reactive intervention remains the norm. Here we compared some of the short-term ecological implications of chemical and physical removal of the bush encroacher Acacia mellifera in the central Highland savanna of Namibia. We selected 21 invaded sites, 7 had been chemically cleared, 7 had been physically cleared and 7 had never been cleared. From each site, we recorded grass species composition, as well as the densities of A. mellifera, the undesired perennial shrub Pechuel-loeschea leubnitziae and a non-targeted tree Acacia erioloba, 24\u201330\u00a0months post-treatment. We fitted one-way ANOVA models to test for the effect of treatment on grass species richness and density of targeted and non-targeted tree species. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine how treatment affected grass species composition. While both treatments reduced the density of the bush encroacher, P. leubnitziae effectively replaced A. mellifera in chemically treated sites, where die-back presumably happened faster and nutrient and water competition decreased more rapidly. In such sites, perennial grass species were effectively outcompeted by P. leubnitiziae.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "330", "Geography & travel", "Senegalia mellifera", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Namibia", "01 natural sciences", "Sage bush", "Vachellia erioloba", "Physical soil disturbance", "Acacia giraffae", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Bush encroachment", "Savannah", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/South%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-07", "title": "Sources of Uncertainty in Regional and Global Terrestrial CO 2 Exchange Estimates", "description": "

The Global Carbon Budget 2018 (GCB2018) estimated by the atmospheric CO growth rate, fossil fuel emissions, and modeled (bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up) land and ocean fluxes cannot be fully closed, leading to a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbudget imbalance,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d highlighting uncertainties in GCB components. However, no systematic analysis has been performed on which regions or processes contribute to this term. To obtain deeper insight on the sources of uncertainty in global and regional carbon budgets, we analyzed differences in Net Biome Productivity (NBP) for all possible combinations of bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up and top\uffe2\uff80\uff90down data sets in GCB2018: (i) 16 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and (ii) 5 atmospheric inversions that match the atmospheric CO growth rate. We find that the global mismatch between the two ensembles matches well the GCB2018 budget imbalance, with Brazil, Southeast Asia, and Oceania as the largest contributors. Differences between DGVMs dominate global mismatches, while at regional scale differences between inversions contribute the most to uncertainty. At both global and regional scales, disagreement on NBP interannual variability between the two approaches explains a large fraction of differences. We attribute this mismatch to distinct responses to El\uffc2\uffa0Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation variability between DGVMs and inversions and to uncertainties in land use change emissions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia. We identify key needs to reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets: reducing uncertainty in atmospheric inversions (e.g., through more observations in the tropics) and in land use change fluxes, including more land use processes and evaluating land use transitions (e.g., using high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution remote\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensing), and, finally, improving tropical hydroecological processes and fire representation within DGVMs.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "FLUXES", "550", "BURNED AREA PRODUCT", "atmospheric inversions", "01 natural sciences", "Environnement et pollution", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes atmosph\u00e9riques", "PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES", "global carbon budget", "carbon cycle", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "FOSSIL-FUEL", "VEGETATION MODEL ORCHIDEE", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "dynamic global vegetation models", "contr\u00f4le de la pollution", "Technologie de l'environnement", "INCORPORATING SPITFIRE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GB006393"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-021-00192-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-10", "title": "Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams", "description": "Abstract

Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.Chromium contamination is a serious environmental issue in areas affected by leather tanning and metal plating, and green rust sulfate has been tested extensively as a potential material for in situ chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium in groundwater. Reported products and mechanisms for the reaction have varied, most likely because of green rust\uffe2\uff80\uff99s layered structure, as reduction at outer and interlayer surfaces might produce different reaction products with variable stabilities. Based on studies of Cr(III) oxidation by biogenic Mn (IV) oxides, Cr mobility in oxic soils is controlled by the solubility of the Cr(III)-bearing phase. Therefore, careful engineering of green rust properties, i.e., crystal/particle size, morphology, structure, and electron availability, is essential for its optimization as a remediation reagent. In the present study, pure green rust sulfate and green rust sulfate with Al, Mg and Zn substitutions were synthesized and reacted with identical chromate (CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) solutions. The reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy and treated with synthetic \uffce\uffb4-MnO2 to assess how easily Cr(III) in the products could be oxidized. It was found that Mg substitution had the most beneficial effect on Cr lability in the product. Less than 2.5% of the Cr(III) present in the reacted Mg-GR was reoxidized by \uffce\uffb4-MnO2 within 14\uffc2\uffa0days, and the particle structure and Cr speciation observed during X-ray scattering and absorption analyses of this product suggested that Cr(VI) was reduced in its interlayer. Reduction in the interlayer lead to the linkage of newly-formed Cr(III) to hydroxyl groups in the adjacent octahedral layers, which resulted in increased structural coherency between these layers, distinctive rim domains, sequestration of Cr(III) in insoluble Fe oxide bonding environments resistant to reoxidation and partial transformation to Cr(III)-substituted feroxyhyte. Based on the results of this study of hexavalent chromium reduction by green rust sulfate and other studies, further improvements can also be made to this remediation technique by reacting chromate with a large excess of green rust sulfate, which provides excess Fe(II) that can catalyze transformation to more crystalline iron oxides, and synthesis of the reactant under alkaline conditions, which has been shown to favor chromium reduction in the interlayer of Fe(II)-bearing phyllosilicates.

", "keywords": ["Chromium", "550", "Geography & travel", "Remediation", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "551", "01 natural sciences", "Chromium", " Green rust", " X-ray absorption spectroscopy", " Remediation", "remediation", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften", " Geologie::551 Geologie", " Hydrologie", " Meteorologie", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "QD1-999", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Green rust", "X-ray absorption spectroscopy", "540", "ddc:910", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Chemistry", "green rust", "13. Climate action", "chromium", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften", "0210 nano-technology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158695/1/s12932-020-00066-8.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochemical%20Transactions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-09", "title": "Biotic And Abiotic Properties Mediating Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microbial Communities In An Experimental Grassland", "description": "Plant diversity drives changes in the soil microbial community which may result in alterations in ecosystem functions. However, the governing factors between the composition of soil microbial communities and plant diversity are not well understood. We investigated the impact of plant diversity (plant species richness and functional group richness) and plant functional group identity on soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community structure in experimental grassland ecosystems. Total microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The diversity gradient covered 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 plant species and 1, 2, 3 and 4 plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, small herbs and tall herbs). In May 2007, soil samples were taken from experimental plots and from nearby fields and meadows. Beside soil texture, plant species richness was the main driver of soil microbial biomass. Structural equation modeling revealed that the positive plant diversity effect was mainly mediated by higher leaf area index resulting in higher soil moisture in the top soil layer. The fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio was positively affected by plant functional group richness and negatively by the presence of legumes. Bacteria were more closely related to abiotic differences caused by plant diversity, while fungi were more affected by plant-derived organic matter inputs. We found diverse plant communities promoted faster transition of soil microbial communities typical for arable land towards grassland communities. Although some mechanisms underlying the plant diversity effect on soil microorganisms could be identified, future studies have to determine plant traits shaping soil microbial community structure. We suspect differences in root traits among different plant communities, such as root turnover rates and chemical composition of root exudates, to structure soil microbial communities.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Geography & travel", "Science", "910", "Plant Roots", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Biomass", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Q", "Fatty Acids", "R", "Fungi", "Water", "Biodiversity", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Grassland", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0096182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-29", "title": "Products of Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by Green Rust Sodium Sulfate and Associated Reaction Mechanisms", "description": "

The efficacy of in vitro Cr(VI) reduction by green rust sulfate suggests that this mineral is potentially useful for remediation of Cr-contaminated groundwater. Previous investigations studied this reaction but did not sufficiently characterize the intermediates and end products at chromate (CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations typical of contaminant plumes, hindering identification of the dominant reaction mechanisms under these conditions. In this study, batch reactions at varying chromate concentrations and suspension densities were performed and the intermediate and final products of this reaction were analyzed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy. This reaction produces particles that maintain the initial hexagonal morphology of green rust but have been topotactically transformed into a poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxyhydroxysulfate and are coated by a Cr (oxy) hydroxide layer that results from chromate reduction at the surface. Recent studies of the behavior of Cr(III) (oxy) hydroxides in soils have revealed that reductive transformation of CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 is reversible in the presence of Mn(IV) oxides, limiting the applicability of green rust for Cr remediation in some soils. The linkage of Cr redox speciation to existing Fe and Mn biogeochemical cycles in soils implies that modification of green rust particles to produce an insoluble, Cr(III)-bearing Fe oxide product may increase the efficacy of this technique.

", "keywords": ["Geography & travel", "910", "green rust sulfate", " chromium", " EXAFS", " metal redox cycles", "540", "ddc:910", "metal redox cycles", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "620", "EXAFS", "13. Climate action", "ddc:540", "ddc:550", "green rust sulfate", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "chromium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140695/1/Thomas%20et%20al%202018.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/2/4/58/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/soilsystems2040058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-02", "title": "Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments", "description": "

Abstract. Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover\u00a0(LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes\u00a0(PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "Arqueologia", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "S\u00f2l", " \u00das del", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/210927/1/210927.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/33591/1/gmd-13-805-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/805/2020/gmd-13-805-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-12", "title": "Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC:NO3\u2212 stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream", "description": "

Abstract. In forest headwater streams, metabolic processes are predominately heterotrophic and depend on both the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and a favourable C:N stoichiometry. In this context, hydrological conditions and the presence of riparian forests adjacent to streams can play an important, yet understudied role determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios. Here, we aimed to investigate how the interplay between hydrological conditions and riparian forest coverage drives DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 supply and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry in an oligotrophic headwater Mediterranean stream. We analysed DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations, and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios during both base flow and storm flow conditions at three stream locations along a longitudinal gradient of increased riparian forest coverage. Further, we performed an event analysis to examine the hydroclimatic conditions that favour the transfer of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from riparian soils to the stream during large storms. Stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations were generally low (overall average\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89SD was 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.09\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921), although significantly higher during storm flow compared to base flow conditions in all three stream sites. Optimal DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry for stream heterotrophic microorganisms (corresponding to DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios between 4.8 and 11.7) was prevalent at the midstream and downstream sites under both flow conditions, whereas C-limited conditions were prevalent at the upstream site, which had no surrounding riparian forest. The hydroclimatic analysis of large storm events highlighted different patterns of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 mobilization depending on antecedent soil moisture conditions: drier antecedent conditions promoted rapid elevations of riparian groundwater tables, hydrologically activating a wider and shallower soil layer, and leading to relatively higher increases in stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations compared to events preceded by wet conditions. These results suggest that (i) increased supply of limited resources during storms can promote in-stream heterotrophic activity during high flows, especially during large storm events preceded by dry conditions, and (ii) C-limited conditions upstream were gradually overcome downstream, likely due to higher C inputs from riparian forests present at lower elevations. The contrasting spatiotemporal patterns in DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 availability and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry observed at the study stream suggests that groundwater inputs from riparian forests are essential for maintaining in-stream heterotrophic activity in oligotrophic, forest headwater catchments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Geography & travel", "T", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "14. Life underwater", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/4209/2022/hess-26-4209-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-2021-401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-12", "title": "Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC:NO3- stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream", "description": "

Abstract. In forest headwater streams, metabolic processes are predominately heterotrophic and depend on both the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and a favourable C:N stoichiometry. In this context, hydrological conditions and the presence of riparian forests adjacent to streams can play an important, yet understudied role determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios. Here, we aimed to investigate how the interplay between hydrological conditions and riparian forest coverage drives DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 supply and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry in an oligotrophic headwater Mediterranean stream. We analysed DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations, and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios during both base flow and storm flow conditions at three stream locations along a longitudinal gradient of increased riparian forest coverage. Further, we performed an event analysis to examine the hydroclimatic conditions that favour the transfer of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from riparian soils to the stream during large storms. Stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations were generally low (overall average\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89SD was 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.09\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921), although significantly higher during storm flow compared to base flow conditions in all three stream sites. Optimal DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry for stream heterotrophic microorganisms (corresponding to DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios between 4.8 and 11.7) was prevalent at the midstream and downstream sites under both flow conditions, whereas C-limited conditions were prevalent at the upstream site, which had no surrounding riparian forest. The hydroclimatic analysis of large storm events highlighted different patterns of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 mobilization depending on antecedent soil moisture conditions: drier antecedent conditions promoted rapid elevations of riparian groundwater tables, hydrologically activating a wider and shallower soil layer, and leading to relatively higher increases in stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations compared to events preceded by wet conditions. These results suggest that (i) increased supply of limited resources during storms can promote in-stream heterotrophic activity during high flows, especially during large storm events preceded by dry conditions, and (ii) C-limited conditions upstream were gradually overcome downstream, likely due to higher C inputs from riparian forests present at lower elevations. The contrasting spatiotemporal patterns in DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 availability and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry observed at the study stream suggests that groundwater inputs from riparian forests are essential for maintaining in-stream heterotrophic activity in oligotrophic, forest headwater catchments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Geography & travel", "T", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "14. Life underwater", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/4209/2022/hess-26-4209-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/366356", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-26", "title": "Tracing macroplastics redistribution and fragmentation by tillage translocation", "description": "Soil is polluted with plastic waste from macro to submicron level. Our understanding of macroplastics (> 5\u00a0mm) occurrence and behavior has remained comparatively elusive, mainly due to a lack of a tracing mechanism. This study set up a methodology to trace macroplastic displacement, which combined magnetic iron oxide-tagged soil and macroplastic pieces tagged by an adhesive passive radiofrequency identification transponder. By utilizing these techniques, a field study was carried out to analyze the effect of tillage implement and plastic sizes on plastic displacement, to understand the fate of macroplastics in arable land. Results indicated that the displacement of macroplastics did not depend upon plastic sizes but did depend upon the tillage implement used. The mean macroplastics displacement per tillage pass was 0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25\u00a0m with non-inversion chisel tillage and 0.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13\u00a0m with inversion disk tillage, which was similar to bulk soil displacement. However, only inversion disk tillage caused fragmentation (41\u00a0%) of macroplastics and generated microplastics (< 5\u00a0mm). In contrast, both tillage implements drove to similar burial of surface macroplastics into the tilled layer (74\u00a0% on average). These results highlight that tillage is a major process for macroplastics fate in arable soils, being one of the first studies to investigate it.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Tracers", "Radio frequency identification (RFID)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Comparative study", "Fate and transport", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "01 natural sciences", "Plastic debris", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/366356"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/366356", "name": "item", "description": "10261/366356", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/366356"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11579/142540", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-10", "title": "Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams", "description": "Abstract

Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.

Abstract. Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover\u00a0(LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes\u00a0(PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.

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