In a species-rich poor fen (Caricetum nigrae) and a species-poor drained fen, the difference in nutrient limitation of the vegetation was assessed in a full-factorial fertilization experiment with N, P and K. The results were compared to the nutrient ratios of plant material and to chemical analysis of the topsoil. A rewetting experiment with intact sods was carried out in the glasshouse and the results are discussed in view of restoration prospects of drained and degraded peatlands. In the undrained poor fen the above-ground biomass yield was N-limited while the vegetation of the drained fen was K-limited. Experimental rewetting of intact turf samples, taken in the drained site, did not change the biomass yield or the type of nutrient limitation. It was concluded that mire systems which have been subjected to prolonged drainage are inclined to pronounced K-deficiency, probably due to washing out of potassium and harvesting the standing crop. This may hamper restoration projects in degraded peat areas where nature conservation tries to restore species-rich vegetation types with a high nature value.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "DECOMPOSITION", "restoration", "fen", "rewetting", "N-MINERALIZATION", "VEGETATION RESPONSE", "Caricetum nigrae", "potassium limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "WET MEADOWS", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "wetland", "SOIL", "DEFICIENCY", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "STANDS", "PHOSPHORUS", "fertilization", "nutrients", "ECOSYSTEMS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "drainage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "van Duren, I.C., Boeye, Dirk, Grootjans, A.P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009728007279"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009728007279", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009728007279", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009728007279"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009838618133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "The decomposition of oilseed rape residues of differentquality and its effects on the mineral N dynamics of the soil in the period between crops were studied in situ. The residues studied were obtained by growing an oilseed rape crop at two levels of N fertilisation, 0 and 270 kg N ha\u22121. The study was carried out using two types of experiment: \ufb01eld plots and cylinders \ufb01lled with disturbed soil and inserted into the soil. The decomposition of the residues was followed using an approach involving the dynamics of both carbon and nitrogen, the parameters measured being the CO2 emitted from the soil, the soil mineral N content, the C present in soluble form or in the form of microbial biomass, and the C and N present in the form of plant residues. The two residues studied, of similar biochemical composition, and differing only in their N content, were rapidly mineralised: approximately 50% of the carbon in the residues was decomposed during the \ufb01rst two months following incorporation into the soil. The carbon mineralised in the form of CO2 was largely related to the C present in the residues, no relationship having been found with the C present in soluble form or in the form of microbial biomass. Calculation of net N mineralisation from the residues using a model of mineralisation and leaching has provided evidence of an immobilisation phase for soil mineral N, during the \ufb01rst steps of residues decomposition. Labelling the high-N residues with 15N has moreover enabled us to demonstrate the low availability of the organic N from this residue, 20.8% of the organic N being mineralised in the course of 18 months of experimentation. Eventually, only the highest-N content residue resulted in a mineral N surplus in the soil, equivalent to 9 kg N ha\u22121, by comparison with the control soil. Finally, this study has provided good evidence of the complementarity between the two experimental methods. The cylinders of disturbed soil gave a precise measurement of the decomposition of the residues, especially by means of monitoring soil respiration. The \ufb01eld plots were used to monitor the dynamics of soil mineral N which were calculated with the aid of a mathematical model of mineralisation and leaching of nitrogen in the presence and absence of residues.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "decomposition", "Agronomie", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Brassica napus L.", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "N immobilisation", "630", "modelling", "Brassica napus L", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "N mineralisation", "Teneur en eau du sol", "plant residues", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009838618133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009838618133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009838618133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009838618133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-15", "title": "More New Carbon In The Mineral Soil Of A Poplar Plantation Under Free Air Carbon Enrichment (Popface): Cause Of Increased Priming Effect?", "description": "In order to establish suitability of forest ecosystems for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term storage of C, it is necessary to characterize the effects of predicted increased atmospheric CO2 levels on the pools and fluxes of C within these systems. Since most C held in terrestrial ecosystems is in the soil, we assessed the influence of Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) treatment on the total soil C content (Ctotal) and incorporation of litter derived C (Cnew) into soil organic matter (SOM) in a fast growing poplar plantation. Cnew was estimated by the C3/C4 stable isotope method. Ctotal contents increased under control and FACE respectively by 12 and 3%, i.e., 484 and 107 gC/m2, while 704 and 926 gC/m2 of new carbon was sequestered under control and FACE during the experiment. We conclude that FACE suppressed the increase of Ctotal and simultaneously increased Cnew. We hypothesize that these opposite effects may be caused by a priming effect of the newly incorporated litter, where priming effect is defined as the stimulation of SOM decomposition caused by the addition of labile substrates.
", "keywords": ["mechanisms", "decomposition", "turnover", "terrestrial ecosystems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "system", "storage", "forest", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic-matter", "elevated atmospheric co2", "feedbacks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002127"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2003gb002127", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2003gb002127"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/95gb02148", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-04", "title": "Belowground Cycling Of Carbon In Forests And Pastures Of Eastern Amazonia", "description": "Forests in seasonally dry areas of eastern Amazonia near Paragominas, Par\uffc3\uffa1, Brazil, maintain an evergreen forest canopy through an extended dry season by taking up soil water through deep (>1 m) roots. Belowground allocation of C in these deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooting forests is very large (1900 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) relative to litterfall (460 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The presence of live roots drives an active carbon cycle deeper than l m in the soil. Although bulk C concentrations and 14C contents of soil organic matter at >l\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depths are low, estimates of turnover from fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root inputs, CO2 production, and the 14C content of CO2 produced at depth show that up to 15% of the carbon inventory in the deep soil has turnover times of decades or less. Thus the amount of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling soil carbon between 1 and 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depths (2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, out of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff9318 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) is significant compared to the amount present in the upper meter of soil (3\uffe2\uff80\uff934 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 out of 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). A model of belowground carbon cycling derived from measurements of carbon stocks and fluxes, and constrained using carbon isotopes, is used to predict C fluxes associated with conversion of deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooting forests to pasture and subsequent pasture management. The relative proportions and turnover times of active (including detrital plant material; 1\uffe2\uff80\uff933 year turnover), slow (decadal and shorter turnover), and passive (centennial to millennial turnover) soil organic matter pools are determined by depth for the forest soil, using constraints from measurements of C stocks, fluxes, and isotopic content. Reduced carbon inputs to the soil in degraded pastures, which are less productive than the forests they replace, lead to a reduction in soil carbon inventory and \uffce\uff9414C, in accord with observations. Managed pastures, which have been fertilized with phosphorous and planted with more productive grasses, show increases in C and 14C over forest values. Carbon inventory increases in the upper meter of managed pasture soils are partially offset by predicted carbon losses due to death and decomposition of fine forest roots at depths >1 m in the soil. The major adjustments in soil carbon inventory in response to land management changes occur within the first decade after conversion. Carbon isotopes are shown to be more sensitive indicators of recent accumulation or loss of soil organic matter than direct measurement of soil C inventories.
", "keywords": ["cycling", "decomposition", "model", "rooting", "carbon", "belowground carbon cycling", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "soil", "pasture", "forest", "Amazonia", "soil organic matter", "death", "tropical soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "Brazil", "organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1zb7d8kx/qt1zb7d8kx.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/95gb02148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/95gb02148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/95gb02148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/95gb02148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/ngeo844", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-25", "title": "Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition", "description": "The use of fossil fuels and fertilizers has increased the amount of biologically reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere over the past century. As a consequence, forests in industrialized regions have experienced greater rates of nitrogen deposition in recent decades. This unintended fertilization has stimulated forest growth, but has also affected soil microbial activity, and thus the recycling of soil carbon and nutrients. A meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen deposition impedes organic matter decomposition, and thus stimulates carbon sequestration, in temperate forest soils where nitrogen is not limiting microbial growth. The concomitant reduction in soil carbon emissions is substantial, and equivalent in magnitude to the amount of carbon taken up by trees owing to nitrogen fertilization. As atmospheric nitrogen levels continue to rise, increased nitrogen deposition could spread to older, more weathered soils, as found in the tropics; however, soil carbon cycling in tropical forests cannot yet be assessed", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "EUROPEAN FORESTS", "NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS", "ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "Soils Nitrogen content", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil aeration Environmental aspects", "HUMIC SUBSTANCES", "Forest ecology", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo844"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ngeo844", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ngeo844", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ngeo844"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-019-11472-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-02", "title": "Global ecological predictors of the soil priming effect", "description": "AbstractIdentifying the global drivers of soil priming is essential to understanding C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We conducted a survey of soils across 86 globally-distributed locations, spanning a wide range of climates, biotic communities, and soil conditions, and evaluated the apparent soil priming effect using13C-glucose labeling. Here we show that the magnitude of the positive apparent priming effect (increase in CO2release through accelerated microbial biomass turnover) was negatively associated with SOC content and microbial respiration rates. Our statistical modeling suggests that apparent priming effects tend to be negative in more mesic sites associated with higher SOC contents. In contrast, a single-input of labile C causes positive apparent priming effects in more arid locations with low SOC contents. Our results provide solid evidence that SOC content plays a critical role in regulating apparent priming effects, with important implications for the improvement of C cycling models under global change scenarios.Boreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.
", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-16", "title": "Decomposition Of Soil And Plant Carbon From Pasture Systems After 9 Years Of Exposure To Elevated Co2: Impact On C Cycling And Modeling", "description": "AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 may alter decomposition rates through changes in plant material quality and through its impact on soil microbial activity. This study examines whether plant material produced under elevated CO2 decomposes differently from plant material produced under ambient CO2. Moreover, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment offered a unique opportunity to evaluate assumptions about C cycling under elevated CO2 made in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil organic matter (SOM) models. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne plant materials, produced under elevated (60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) and ambient CO2 at two levels of N fertilizer (140 vs. 560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), were incubated in soil for 90 days. Soils and plant materials used for the incubation had been exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment conditions and had received the N fertilizer for 9 years. The rate of decomposition of L. perenne and T. repens plant materials was unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2 and rate of N fertilization. Increases in L. perenne plant material C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio under elevated CO2 did not affect decomposition rates of the plant material. If under prolonged elevated CO2 changes in soil microbial dynamics had occurred, they were not reflected in the rate of decomposition of the plant material. Only soil respiration under L. perenne, with or without incorporation of plant material, from the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization treatment was enhanced after exposure to elevated CO2. This increase in soil respiration was not reflected in an increase in the microbial biomass of the L. perenne soil. The contribution of old and newly sequestered C to soil respiration, as revealed by the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 signature, reflected the turnover times of SOM\uffe2\uff80\uff93C pools as described by multipool SOM models. The results do not confirm the assumption of a negative feedback induced in the C cycle following an increase in CO2, as used in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93SOM models. Moreover, this study showed no evidence for a positive feedback in the C cycle following additional N fertilization.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic-matter dynamics", "atmospheric co2", "leaf-litter", "global climate-change", "fumigation-extraction", "microbial biomass-c", "litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "dioxide", "13. Climate action", "drying-rewetting frequency", "great-plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-27", "title": "Persistence of soil organic carbon caused by functional complexity", "description": "Soil organic carbon management has the potential to aid climate change mitigation through drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. To be effective, such management must account for processes influencing carbon storage and re-emission at different space and time scales. Achieving this requires a conceptual advance in our understanding to link carbon dynamics from the scales at which processes occur to the scales at which decisions are made. Here, we propose that soil carbon persistence can be understood through the lens of decomposers as a result of functional complexity derived from the interplay between spatial and temporal variation of molecular diversity and composition. For example, co-location alone can determine whether a molecule is decomposed, with rapid changes in moisture leading to transport of organic matter and constraining the fitness of the microbial community, while greater molecular diversity may increase the metabolic demand of, and thus potentially limit, decomposition. This conceptual shift accounts for emergent behaviour of the microbial community and would enable soil carbon changes to be predicted without invoking recalcitrant carbon forms that have not been observed experimentally. Functional complexity as a driver of soil carbon persistence suggests soil management should be based on constant care rather than one-time action to lock away carbon in soils.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "DECOMPOSITION", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "UNCERTAINTY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "INPUTS", "15. Life on land", "TRANSPORT", "MODEL", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "GROWTH", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TURNOVER", "PLANT", "106026 Ecosystem research", "MATTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-0612-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt84n3398c/qt84n3398c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep08280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-06", "title": "Convergence Of Soil Nitrogen Isotopes Across Global Climate Gradients", "description": "AbstractQuantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15N:14N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8\uffc2\uffb0C, soil \uffce\uffb415N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil \uffce\uffb415N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss.
", "keywords": ["N-15 Natural-Abundance", "550", "Ecosystem ecology", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "Organic chemistry", "Suelo", "Nitrogen cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "cycle de l'azote", "CARBON", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Soil water", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "Climate change", "croisement de donn\u00e9es", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "Global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Climatic Factors", "Tropical Forests", "Ecology", "Geography", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Nutrient Cycling", "FRACTIONATION", "Litter Decomposition", "ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY", "Life Sciences", "ecosystem ecology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Is\u00f3topos", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Organic-Matter", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Chemistry", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Physical Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "carbone du sol", "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "STABLE ISOTOPE", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Stable isotope analysis", "Nitrogen", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil Science", "stable isotope analysis;ecosystem ecology", "Article", "Environmental science", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "sol min\u00e9ral", "INORGANIC NITROGEN", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "stable isotope analysis", "Carbono", "Environmental Chemistry", "Factores Clim\u00e1ticos", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "climat", "AVAILABILITY", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Inorganic", "NITROGEN", "MODEL", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://scholars.unh.edu/context/faculty_pubs/article/1042/viewcontent/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://edoc.unibas.ch/37215/1/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep08280", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep08280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00598.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-06", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Biochemistry And Potential Susceptibility To Climatic Change Across The Forest-Tundra Ecotone In The Fennoscandian Mountains", "description": "AbstractWe studied soil organic carbon (C) chemistry at the mountain birch forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90tundra ecotone in three regions of the Fennoscandian mountain range with comparable vegetation cover but contrasting degrees of continentality and latitude. The aim of the study was to identify functional compound classes and their relationships to decomposition and spatial variation across the ecotone and latitudinal gradient. Solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR) was used to identify seven functional groups of soil organic C: alkyls, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls, O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls, acetals, aromatics, phenolics and carboxyls. N\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls, O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls and acetals are generally considered labile substrates for a large number of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria, whilst phenolics and aromatics are mainly decomposed by lignolytic organisms and contribute to the formation of soil organic matter together with aliphatic alkyls and carboxyls. All soils contained a similar proportional distribution of functional groups, although relatively high amounts of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls, O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyls and acetals were present in comparison to earlier published studies, suggesting that large amounts of soil C were potentially vulnerable to microbial degradation. Soil organic matter composition was different at the most southerly site (Dovrefjell, Norway), compared with the two more northerly sites (Abisko, Sweden, and Joatka, Norway), with higher concentrations of aromatics and phenolics, as well as pronounced differences in alkyl concentrations between forest and tundra soils. Clear differences between mountain birch forest and tundra heath soil was noted, with generally higher concentrations of labile carbon present in tundra soils. We conclude that, although mesic soils around the forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90tundra ecotone in Fennoscandia are a potential source of C to the atmosphere in a changing environment, the response is likely to vary between comparable ecosystems in relation to latitude and continentality as well as soil properties especially soil nitrogen content and pH.
", "keywords": ["570", "decomposition", "550", "Fennoscandia", "Mass Import - autoclassified (may be erroneous)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "Chemistry", "Soil", "ecotone", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "CPMAS 13C NMR", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00598.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00598.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00598.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00598.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Affects Decomposition Of Festuca Vivipara (L) Sm Litter And Roots In Experiments Simulating Environmental Change In Two Contrasting Arctic Ecosystems", "description": "Mass loss, together with nitrogen and carbon loss, from above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material and roots of Festuca vivipara were followed for 13 months in a high Arctic polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert and a low Arctic tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90line dwarf shrub heath. Festuca vivipara for the study was obtained from plants cultivated at two different CO2 concentrations (350 and 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931) in controlled environment chambers in the UK. Each of the four resource types (shoots or roots from plants grown in elevated or ambient CO2 concentrations) was subsequently placed in an experiment simulating aspects of environmental change in each Arctic ecosystem. Air, litter and soil temperatures were increased using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped polythene tents at both sites, and a 58% increase in summer precipitation was simulated at the high Arctic site.
Mass loss was greatest at the low Arctic site, and from the shoot material, rather than the roots. Shoots grown under an elevated CO2 concentration decomposed more slowly at the high Arctic site, and more quickly at the low Arctic one, than shoots grown at ambient CO2. After 13 months, greater amounts of C and N remained in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground litter from plants grown under elevated, rather than ambient, CO2 at the polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert site, although lower amounts of C remained in elevated CO2 litter at the low Arctic ecosystem. In the high Arctic, roots grown in the 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931 CO2 concentration decomposed significantly more slowly than below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material derived from the ambient CO2 chambers. Elevated CO2 concentrations significantly increased the inital C:N ratio, % soluble carbohydrates and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose content, and significantly decreased the inital N content, of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material compared to that derived from the ambient treatment. Initially, the C:N ratio and percentage N were similar in both sets of roots derived from the two different CO2 treatments, but soluble carbohydrate and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose concentrations were higher, and percentage lignin lower, in the elevated CO2 treatments.The tent treatments significantly retarded shoot decomposition in both ecosystems, probably because of lower litter bag moisture contents, although the additional precipitation treatment had no effect on mass loss from the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material. The results suggest that neither additional summer precipitation (up to 58%), nor soil temperature increase of 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, which may occur by the end of the next century as an effect of a predicted 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature, had an appreciable effect on root decomposition in the short term in a high Arctic soil. However, at the low Arctic site, greater root decomposition, and a lower pool of root N remaining, were observed where soil temperature was increased by 2 \uffc2\uffb0C in response to a 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature. These results suggest that decomposition below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground in this ecosystem would increase as an effect of predicted climate change. These data also show that there is a difference in the initial results of decomposition processes between the two Arctic ecosystems in response to simulated environmental change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Litter quality", "Nitrogen", "Grass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Arctic", "13. Climate action", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Litter Quality And Decomposition In Danthonia Richardsonii Swards In Response To Co2 And Nitrogen Supply Over Four Years Of Growth", "description": "SummaryLitter quality parameters of Danthonia richardsonii grown under CO2 concentrations of \uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff83359 & \uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff83719\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a1 at three mineral N supply rates (2.2, 6.7 & 19.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2\uffe2\uff80\uff83y\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a1) were determined. C:N ratio was increased in senesced leaf (enhancement ratios, Re/c, of 1.25\uffe2\uff80\uff931.67), surface litter (1.34\uffe2\uff80\uff931.64) and root (1.13\uffe2\uff80\uff931.30) by CO2 enrichment. After 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of growth, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were reduced in senesced leaf lamina (avg. Re/c=\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffe2\uff80\uff830.84) but not in root in response to CO2 enrichment. Cellulose concentrations increased slightly in senesced leaf (avg. Re/c=\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffe2\uff80\uff831.07) but not in root in response to CO2 enrichment. Lignin and polyphenolic concentrations in senesced leaf and root were not changed by CO2 enrichment. Decomposition, measured as cumulative respiration in standard conditions in vitro, was reduced in leaf litter grown under CO2 enrichment. Root decomposition in vitro was lower in the material produced under CO2 enrichment at the two higher rates of mineral N supply. Significant correlations between decomposition of leaf litter and initial %N, C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio were found. Decomposition in vivo, measured as carbon disappearance from the surface litter was not affected by CO2 concentration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not changed by CO2 enrichment. Microbial carbon was higher under CO2 enrichment at the two higher rates of mineral N supply. Possible reasons for the lack of effect of changes in litter quality on in\uffe2\uff80\uff90sward decomposition rates are discussed.
", "keywords": ["decomposition", "grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizae", "Microbial biomass", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "microcosm", "C3 plant", "litter", "Danthonia", "biochemical composition", "Long-term experiment", "Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nutrient availability", "Danthonia richardsonii C:N"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason L. Lutze, Jason L. Lutze, Roger M. Gifford, Helen N. Adams,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Chemistry And Decomposition Of Litter From Populus Tremuloides Michaux Grown At Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Varying N Availability", "description": "SummaryIt has been hypothesized that greater production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in foliage grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will result in higher concentrations of defensive compounds in tree leaf litter, possibly leading to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems of the future. To evaluate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on litter chemistry and decomposition, we performed a 111 day laboratory incubation with leaf litter of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichaux) produced at 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa and 56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa CO2and two levels of soil nitrogen (N) availability. Decomposition was quantified as microbially respired CO2and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, N, carbon (C), and condensed tannins were monitored throughout the incubation. Growth under elevated atmospheric CO2did not significantly affect initial litter concentrations of TNC, N, or condensed tannins. Rates of decomposition, measured as both microbially respired CO2and DOC did not differ between litter produced under ambient and elevated CO2. Total C lost from the samples was 38\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as respired CO2and 138\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff88\uff921litter as DOC, suggesting short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pulses of dissolved C in soil solution are important components of the terrestrial C cycle. We conclude that litter chemistry and decomposition in trembling aspen are minimally affected by growth under higher concentrations of CO2.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "carbohydrates", "Quaking aspen", "forest-soil", "litter-plant", "nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "Microlysimeter", "soil-chemistry", "cycling-", "populus-tremuloides", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "Microbiology of soils", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "chemical-composition", "Organic-matter", "soil-solution", "nutrient-availability", "Tannin", "leaf-litter", "Science", "decomposition-", "Nutrient enrichment", "Carbohydrates", "carbohydrates-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "Nitrogen in soil", "michigan-", "carbon sinks", "C", "Nutrient budget of forests", "Litter", "Populus tremuloides", "Global Change", "tannins-", "Decomposition", "forest-litter", "Foliage", "Carbon dioxide effects on forest litter", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "carbon-nitrogen-ratio", "Forest litter decomposition", "N Ratio", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial-activities", "nitrogen-content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00388.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00535.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Potassium Limits Potential Growth Of Bog Vegetation Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And N Deposition", "description": "AbstractThe free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition experiments on four ombrotrophic bogs in Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Switzerland, revealed that after three years of treatment: (1) elevated atmospheric CO2concentration had no significant effect on the biomass growth ofSphagnumand vascular species; and (2) increased N\uffc2\uffa0deposition reduced Sphagnum growth, because it increased the cover of vascular plants and the tall mossPolytrichum strictum, while vascular plant biomass growth was not affected. This paper focuses on water chemistry, plant nutrient content, and litter decomposition rates. Potassium limitation, or low supply of K\uffc2\uffa0and P, may have prevented a significant increase ofSphagnumgrowth under elevated CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition. Vascular plant growth under elevated CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition was also limited by K, or by K\uffc2\uffa0in combination with P\uffc2\uffa0or N\uffc2\uffa0(N in CO2experiment). Elevated CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition had no effect on decomposition rates ofSphagnumand vascular plant litter. Aside from a possible effect of N\uffc2\uffa0deposition on light competition between species, we expect that elevated atmospheric CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition concentrations will not affectSphagnumand vascular plant growth in bogs of north\uffe2\uff80\uff90west Europe due to K\uffe2\uff80\uff90, or K\uffc2\uffa0in combination with N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or P\uffe2\uff80\uff90, limited growth. For the same reason we expect no effect of elevated CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition on litter decomposition. Net primary production of raised ombrotrophic bogs that are at or close to steady state, is regulated by input of nutrients through atmospheric deposition. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expected increase of plant growth under elevated CO2and N\uffc2\uffa0deposition is diminished by current levels of K\uffc2\uffa0(and to some extent P\uffc2\uffa0and N) in atmospheric deposition.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Sphagnum", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Bog", "Litter decomposition", "Nutrient limited growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00535.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00535.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00535.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00535.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00667.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "N Deposition Affects N Availability In Interstitial Water, Growth Of Sphagnum And Invasion Of Vascular Plants In Bog Vegetation", "description": "\u2022 We studied the effects of N deposition on shrub-moss competition and the establishment and growth of invasive Betula pubescens and Molinia caerulea in intact bog vegetation removed from a site subject to 40 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . \u2022 Mesocosms with and without introduced Betula seedlings and Molinia sprouts were kept under a roof and received an equivalent of 0, 40 and 80 kg N ha -1 yr -1 for two growing seasons. \u2022 N concentration in both interstitial water and Sphagnum decreased when N input ceased and increased when N input was doubled. Molinia biomass was positively related to the inorganic N concentration in the interstitial water. Adding N increased production of Molinia and prolonged survival of Betula seedlings in the first year. Sphagnum height increment showed a hump-shaped relationship with light interception by vascular plants. \u2022 N deposition encouraged vascular plants to grow by enhancing N availability in the rhizosphere. Water table level and the availability of P were found to be important in explaining species-specific responses to N deposition. The underlying mechanisms and the reversibility of N effects are discussed.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "fate", "fertilization", "atmospheric nitrogen", "litter decomposition", "heathland", "15. Life on land", "accumulation", "ecosystems", "mire", "01 natural sciences", "peatlands", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00667.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00667.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00667.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00667.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-15", "title": "An optimal control problem for resource utilisation by microorganisms", "description": "Decomposition of organic matter controls the flow of carbon and nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Several kinetic laws have been proposed to describe decomposition rates, but they neglect adaptation of the microbial decomposer to environmental conditions. Here we formalise decomposition as an optimal control problem by assuming that microorganisms regulate the uptake rate of a substrate to maximise their growth over the period of decomposition. The result is an optimal control problem consisting of two differential equations and auxiliary conditions that determine the optimal value of the control variable (the uptake rate), the remaining substrate at any given time, and the optimal completion time. This problem serves as a case study to illustrate the solution of differential equations and optimal control problems for students in undergraduate courses. The mathematical analysis of the problem requires rewriting the differential equations in reverse time along with the solution of a nonhomogeneous linear first order differential equation. We then return to modelling with some biologically motivated questions about how the parameters of the model representing environmental conditions and microbial functional traits affect the outcome. Finally, we discuss alternative ways to use the material with students.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Annan matematik", "05 social sciences", "resource utilisation", "Didactics", "microbial decomposition", "Didaktik", "Other Mathematics", "0503 education", "6. Clean water", "Optimal control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20Education%20in%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/0020739x.2023.2254314", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-15", "title": "An optimal control problem for resource utilisation by microorganisms", "description": "Decomposition of organic matter controls the flow of carbon and nutrients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Several kinetic laws have been proposed to describe decomposition rates, but they neglect adaptation of the microbial decomposer to environmental conditions. Here we formalise decomposition as an optimal control problem by assuming that microorganisms regulate the uptake rate of a substrate to maximise their growth over the period of decomposition. The result is an optimal control problem consisting of two differential equations and auxiliary conditions that determine the optimal value of the control variable (the uptake rate), the remaining substrate at any given time, and the optimal completion time. This problem serves as a case study to illustrate the solution of differential equations and optimal control problems for students in undergraduate courses. The mathematical analysis of the problem requires rewriting the differential equations in reverse time along with the solution of a nonhomogeneous linear first order differential equation. We then return to modelling with some biologically motivated questions about how the parameters of the model representing environmental conditions and microbial functional traits affect the outcome. Finally, we discuss alternative ways to use the material with students.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Annan matematik", "05 social sciences", "resource utilisation", "Didactics", "microbial decomposition", "Didaktik", "Other Mathematics", "0503 education", "6. Clean water", "Optimal control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0020739X.2023.2254314"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739x.2023.2254314"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20Education%20in%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/0020739x.2023.2254314", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/0020739x.2023.2254314", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/0020739x.2023.2254314"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "Abstract. Extreme sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) to climate and land use change warrants further research in different terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between aggregate and SOC dynamics in a chronosequence of three different land uses of a south Chilean Andisol: a second growth Nothofagus obliqua forest (SGFOR), a grassland (GRASS) and a Pinus radiata plantation (PINUS). Total carbon content of the 0-10cm soil layer was higher for GRASS (6.7 kg C m-2) than for PINUS (4.3 kg C m-2, while TC content of SGFOR (5.8 kg C m-2) was not significantly different from either one. High extractable oxalate and pyrophosphate Al concentrations (varying from 20.3-24.4 g kg-1, and 3.9-11.1 g kg-1, respectively) were found in all sites. In this study, SOC and aggregate dynamics were studied using size and density fractionation experiments of the SOC, \uffce\uffb413C and total carbon analysis of the different SOC fractions, and C mineralization experiments. The results showed that electrostatic sorption between and among amorphous Al components and clay minerals is mainly responsible for the formation of metal-humus-clay complexes and the stabilization of soil aggregates. The process of ligand exchange between SOC and Al would be of minor importance resulting in the absence of aggregate hierarchy in this soil type. Whole soil C mineralization rate constants were highest for SGFOR and PINUS, followed by GRASS (respectively 0.495, 0.266 and 0.196 g CO2-Cm-2d-1 for the top soil layer). In contrast, incubation experiments of isolated macro organic matter fractions gave opposite results, showing that the recalcitrance of the SOC decreased in another order: PINUS>SGFOR>GRASS. We deduced that electrostatic sorption processes and physical protection of SOC in soil aggregates were the main processes determining SOC stabilization. As a result, high aggregate carbon concentrations, varying from 148 till 48 g kg-1, were encountered for all land use sites. Al availability and electrostatic charges are dependent on pH, resulting in an important influence of soil pH on aggregate stability. Recalcitrance of the SOC did not appear to largely affect SOC stabilization. Statistical correlations between extractable amorphous Al contents, aggregate stability and C mineralization rate constants were encountered, supporting this hypothesis. Land use changes affected SOC dynamics and aggregate stability by modifying soil pH (and thus electrostatic charges and available Al content), root SOC input and management practices (such as ploughing and accompanying drying of the soil).
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "NEW-ZEALAND", "DENSITY FRACTIONS", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "HUMIC-ACID", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "CULTIVATED SOILS", "Ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ALUMINUM", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "MACROORGANIC MATTER", "C SEQUESTRATION", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOREST SOILS", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huygens, D., Boeckx, P., van Cleemput, O., Oyarz\u00fan, C., Godoy, R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2-159-2005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2-159-2005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Plant exudates may stabilize or weaken soil depending on species, origin and time", "description": "SummaryWe hypothesized that plant exudates could either gel or disperse soil depending on their chemical characteristics. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were collected using an aerated hydroponic method and compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analogue. Sandy loam soil was passed through a 500\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm mesh and treated with each exudate at a concentration of 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Two sets of soil samples were prepared. One set of treated soil samples was maintained at 4\uffc2\uffb0C to suppress microbial processes. To characterize the effect of decomposition, the second set of samples was incubated at 16\uffc2\uffb0C for 2 weeks at \uffe2\uff88\uff9230 kPa matric potential. Gas chromatography\uffe2\uff80\uff93mass spectrometry (GC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS) analysis of the exudates showed that barley had the largest organic acid content and chia the largest content of sugars (polysaccharide\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived or free), and maize was in between barley and chia. Yield stress of amended soil samples was measured by an oscillatory strain sweep test with a cone plate rheometer. When microbial decomposition was suppressed at 4\uffc2\uffb0C, yield stress increased 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold for chia seed exudate and twofold for maize root exudate compared with the control, whereas for barley root exudate decreased to half. The yield stress after 2 weeks of incubation compared with soil with suppressed microbial decomposition increased by 85% for barley root exudate, but for chia and maize it decreased by 87 and 54%, respectively. Barley root exudation might therefore disperse soil and this could facilitate nutrient release. The maize root and chia seed exudates gelled soil, which could create a more stable soil structure around roots or seeds.
Highlights
Rheological measurements quantified physical behaviour of plant exudates and effect on soil stabilization.
Barley root exudates dispersed soil, which could release nutrients and carbon.
Maize root and chia seed exudates had a stabilizing effect on soil.
Physical engineering of soil in contact with plant roots depends on the nature and origin of exudates.
", "keywords": ["construction", "0301 basic medicine", "EP/M020355/1", "seed exudate", "QH301 Biology", "610", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "DIMR 646809", "microbial decompisition", "Physical Processes and Function", "NE/L00237/1", "2. Zero hunger", "soil gelling", "BB/J000868/1", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "yield stress", "BB/J011460/1", "BB/L026058/1", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "soil dispersion", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microbial decomposition", "yeild stress", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4980/1/Naveed_et_al-2017-European_Journal_of_Soil_Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414238/1/EJSS_submitted_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/ejss.12487/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12487"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12487", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12487"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11353/10.2115948", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Bacteria face trade-offs in the decomposition of complex biopolymers", "description": "AbstractAlthough depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which are widespread across microbial taxa: exo-enzymes that cleave small units from the ends of polymer chains and endo-enzymes that act at random positions generating degradation products of varied sizes. Our results demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in the production of these enzymes, which is independent of system\uffe2\uff80\uff99s complexity and which appears solely from the intrinsically different temporal depolymerization dynamics. As a consequence, specialists that produce either exo- or only endo-enzymes limit their growth to high or low substrate conditions, respectively. Conversely, generalists that produce both enzymes in an optimal ratio expand their niche and benefit from the synergy between the two enzymes. Finally, our results show that, in spatially-explicit environments, consortia composed of endo- and exo-specialists can only exist under oligotrophic conditions. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that the (evolutionary or ecological) selection of a depolymerization pathway will affect microbial fitness under low- or high substrate conditions, with impacts on the ecological dynamics of microbial communities. It provides a possible explanation why many polysaccharide degraders in nature show the genetic potential to produce both of these enzyme classes.
Author summaryThe decomposition of polysaccharides by microbes is a key process in the global carbon cycle. It requires the joint action of a variety of microbially-produced extracellular enzymes. They can be broadly classified into endo-enzymes, that act in the middle of polymers, and exo-enzymes, that cleave units from polymer ends. Little is known about the benefits for microbes producing a certain enzyme type and the interplay between enzyme producing strategies in mixed communities. This hampers our comprehensive understanding of decomposition in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and thus limits the prediction of decomposition processes, for example in a changing climate.
Based on theoretical modelling, we revealed a fundamental trade-off in the action of these enzymes. While exo-enzymes are more efficient at high substrate conditions, endo-enzymes perform better when substrate is low. Generalists producing both enzymes expand their ecological niche of substrate availability compared to specialists only producing one of the two types. Complementary specialists only co-exist in oligotrophic conditions. We conclude that producing enzymes for specific steps within polymer degradation represents relevant ecological strategies for microbes in decomposer communities.Ongoing global warming is expected to augment soil respiration by increasing the microbial activity, driving self-reinforcing feedback to climate change. However, the compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms and substrate depletion may weaken the effects of rising temperature on soil respiration. To test this hypothesis, we collected soils along a large-scale forest transect in eastern China spanning a natural temperature gradient, and we incubated the soils at different temperatures with or without substrate addition. We combined the exponential thermal response function and a data-driven model to study the interaction effect of thermal adaptation and substrate availability on microbial respiration and compared our results to those from two additional continental and global independent datasets. Modeled results suggested that the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, which is consistent with the compensatory response to warming. In addition, the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater under substrate addition than under substrate depletion, which was also true for the independent datasets reanalyzed using our approach. Our results indicate that thermal adaptation in warmer regions could exert a more pronounced negative impact on microbial respiration when the substrate availability is abundant. These findings improve the body of knowledge on how substrate availability influences the soil microbial community\uffe2\uff80\uff93temperature interactions, which could improve estimates of projected soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through respiration.Although depolymerization of complex carbohydrates is a growth-limiting bottleneck for microbial decomposers, we still lack understanding about how the production of different types of extracellular enzymes affect individual microbes and in turn the performance of whole decomposer communities. In this work we use a theoretical model to evaluate the potential trade-offs faced by microorganisms in biopolymer decomposition which arise due to the varied biochemistry of different depolymerizing enzyme classes. We specifically consider two broad classes of depolymerizing extracellular enzymes, which are widespread across microbial taxa: exo-enzymes that cleave small units from the ends of polymer chains and endo-enzymes that act at random positions generating degradation products of varied sizes. Our results demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in the production of these enzymes, which is independent of system\uffe2\uff80\uff99s complexity and which appears solely from the intrinsically different temporal depolymerization dynamics. As a consequence, specialists that produce either exo- or only endo-enzymes limit their growth to high or low substrate conditions, respectively. Conversely, generalists that produce both enzymes in an optimal ratio expand their niche and benefit from the synergy between the two enzymes. Finally, our results show that, in spatially-explicit environments, consortia composed of endo- and exo-specialists can only exist under oligotrophic conditions. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that the (evolutionary or ecological) selection of a depolymerization pathway will affect microbial fitness under low- or high substrate conditions, with impacts on the ecological dynamics of microbial communities. It provides a possible explanation why many polysaccharide degraders in nature show the genetic potential to produce both of these enzyme classes.
Author summaryThe decomposition of polysaccharides by microbes is a key process in the global carbon cycle. It requires the joint action of a variety of microbially-produced extracellular enzymes. They can be broadly classified into endo-enzymes, that act in the middle of polymers, and exo-enzymes, that cleave units from polymer ends. Little is known about the benefits for microbes producing a certain enzyme type and the interplay between enzyme producing strategies in mixed communities. This hampers our comprehensive understanding of decomposition in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and thus limits the prediction of decomposition processes, for example in a changing climate.
Based on theoretical modelling, we revealed a fundamental trade-off in the action of these enzymes. While exo-enzymes are more efficient at high substrate conditions, endo-enzymes perform better when substrate is low. Generalists producing both enzymes expand their ecological niche of substrate availability compared to specialists only producing one of the two types. Complementary specialists only co-exist in oligotrophic conditions. We conclude that producing enzymes for specific steps within polymer degradation represents relevant ecological strategies for microbes in decomposer communities.
Microplastics in soils have become an important threat for terrestrial systems as they may potentially alter the geochemical/biophysical soil environment and can interact with drought. As microplastics may affect soil water content, this could exacerbate the well\uffe2\uff80\uff90known negative effects of drought on ecosystem functionality. Thus, functions including litter decomposition, soil aggregation or those related with nutrient cycling can be altered. Despite this potential interaction, we know relatively little about how microplastics, under different soil water conditions, affect ecosystem functions and multifunctionality.
To address this gap, we performed an experiment using grassland plant communities growing in microcosms. Microplastic fibres (absent, present) and soil water conditions (well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered, drought) were applied in a fully factorial design. At harvest, we measured soil ecosystem functions related to nutrient cycling (\uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90D\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiosidase, phosphatase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase enzymes), respiration, nutrient retention, pH, litter decomposition and soil aggregation (water stable aggregates). As terrestrial systems provide these functions simultaneously, we also assessed ecosystem multifunctionality, an index that encompasses the array of ecosystem functions measured here.
We found that the interaction between microplastic fibres and drought affected ecosystem functions and multifunctionality. Drought had negatively affected nutrient cycling by decreasing enzymatic activities by up to ~39%, while microplastics increased soil aggregation by ~18%, soil pH by ~4% and nutrient retention by up to ~70% by diminishing nutrient leaching. Microplastic fibres also impacted soil enzymes, respiration and ecosystem multifunctionality, but importantly, the direction of these effects depended on soil water status. That is, under well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered conditions, these functions decreased with microplastic fibres by up to ~34% while under drought they had similar values irrespective of the microplastic presence, or tended to increase with microplastics. Litter decomposition had a contrary pattern increasing with microplastics by ~6% under well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered conditions while decreasing to a similar percentage under drought.
Synthesis and applications. Single ecosystem functions can be positively or negatively affected by microplastics fibres depending on soil water status. However, our results suggest that microplastic fibres may cause negative effects on ecosystem soil multifunctionality of a similar magnitude as drought. Thus, strategies to counteract this new global change factor are necessary.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "ddc:630", "nutrient cycling", "litter decomposition", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "soil aggregation", "soil pH", "grasslands ecosystem", "13. Climate action", "nutrient leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ddc:570", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "enzymatic activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2664.13839", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2664.13839", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2664.13839"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Balance In A Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation In Congo: Effects Of Logging On Carbon Inputs And Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "AbstractSoil CO2 efflux was measured in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut and intact plots in order to quantify the impact of harvest on soil respiration in an intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation, and to evaluate the increase in heterotrophic component of soil respiration because of the decomposition of harvest residues. Soil CO2 effluxes showed a pronounced seasonal trend, which was well related to the pattern of precipitation and soil water content and were always significantly lower in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots than in the intact plots. On an annual basis, soil respiration represented 1.57 and 0.91\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots, respectively. During the first year following harvest, residues have lost 0.79\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Our estimate of heterotrophic respiration was calculated assuming that it was similar to soil respiration in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut area except that the decomposition of residues did not occur, and it was further corrected for differences in soil water content between intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots and for the cessation of leaf and fine root turnover in clear cut. Heterotrophic respiration in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots was estimated at 1.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereas it was only 0.65\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact plots (41% of soil respiration). Assumptions and uncertainties with these calculations are discussed.
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "F60 - Physiologie et biochimie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "FOREST MANAGEMENT", "01 natural sciences", "EUCALYPTUS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2159", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "CLEAR-CUT", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2847", "abattage d'arbres", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBON BUDGET", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "LITTERFALL", "d\u00e9gradation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8500", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-29", "title": "Investigating The Long-Term Legacy Of Drought And Warming On The Soil Microbial Community Across Five European Shrubland Ecosystems", "description": "AbstractWe investigated how the legacy of warming and summer drought affected microbial communities in five different replicated long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>10\uffc2\uffa0years) field experiments across Europe (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90FP7 INCREASE infrastructure). To focus explicitly on legacy effects (i.e., indirect rather than direct effects of the environmental factors), we measured microbial variables under the same moisture and temperature in a brief screening, and following a pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90incubation at stable conditions. Specifically, we investigated the size and composition of the soil microbial community (PLFA) alongside measurements of bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (acetate in ergosterol incorporation) growth rates, previously shown to be highly responsive to changes in environmental factors, and microbial respiration. We found no legacy effects on the microbial community size, composition, growth rates, or basal respiration rates at the effect sizes used in our experimental setup (0.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, about 30% precipitation reduction). Our findings support previous reports from single short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecosystem studies thereby providing a clear evidence base to allow long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale generalizations to be made. The implication of our study is that warming and summer drought will not result in legacy effects on the microbial community and their processes within the effect sizes here studied. While legacy effects on microbial processes during perturbation cycles, such as drying\uffe2\uff80\uff93rewetting, and on tolerance to drought and warming remain to be studied, our results suggest that any effects on overall ecosystem processes will be rather limited. Thus, the legacies of warming and drought should not be prioritized factors to consider when modeling contemporary rates of biogeochemical processes in soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Hot Temperature", "Bacteria", "soil C cycle", "Climate Change", "global climate change", "warming adaptation", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "6. Clean water", "ecosystem service", "Droughts", "Europe", "Leucine", "13. Climate action", "temperature acclimation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Acetic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12338", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12338"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops", "description": "AbstractThis study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.<p>Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance &#948;<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub> values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and &#948;<sup>13</sup>C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher &#948;<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub>). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic&#8208;C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O&#8208;alkyl&#8208;C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced <sup>13</sup>C&#8208;enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass &#948;<sup>13</sup>C values and <sup>13</sup>C&#8208;enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.</p>
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17153", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-22", "title": "Carbon sequestration in the subsoil and the time required to stabilize carbon for climate change mitigation", "description": "AbstractSoils store large quantities of carbon in the subsoil (below 0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m depth) that is generally old and believed to be stabilized over centuries to millennia, which suggests that subsoil carbon sequestration (CS) can be used as a strategy for climate change mitigation. In this article, we review the main biophysical processes that contribute to carbon storage in subsoil and the main mathematical models used to represent these processes. Our guiding objective is to review whether a process understanding of soil carbon movement in the vertical profile can help us to assess carbon storage and persistence at timescales relevant for climate change mitigation. Bioturbation, liquid phase transport, belowground carbon inputs, mineral association, and microbial activity are the main processes contributing to the formation of soil carbon profiles, and these processes are represented in models using the diffusion\uffe2\uff80\uff93advection\uffe2\uff80\uff93reaction paradigm. Based on simulation examples and measurements from carbon and radiocarbon profiles across biomes, we found that advective and diffusive transport may only play a secondary role in the formation of soil carbon profiles. The difference between vertical root inputs and decomposition seems to play a primary role in determining the shape of carbon change with depth. Using the transit time of carbon to assess the timescales of carbon storage of new inputs, we show that only small quantities of new carbon inputs travel through the profile and can be stabilized for time horizons longer than 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, implying that activities that promote CS in the subsoil must take into consideration the very small quantities that can be stabilized in the long term.Warming alters soil microbial traits through ecological and evolutionary processes, directly influencing the decomposition of organic matter, which significantly affects global soil carbon emissions. Yet, soil carbon models largely ignore these processes and their implications for global responses to warming. Here, we incorporate eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary theory into a mechanistic model describing microbial soil carbon decomposition to address the question of whether such processes could have consequential effects on climate carbon feedbacks globally. We assume that a key trait of microbes, their resource allocation to production of exoenzymes (which facilitate decomposition of organic matter)\uffe2\uff80\uff94is optimized to environmental temperatures by natural selection. We find that eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary optimization results in microbes allocating more resources to enzyme production under warming. When applied at the global scale, eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary optimization enhances the biological realism of soil carbon models and significantly amplifies global soil carbon loss by 2100. Our results highlight the significant potential of microbial eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90evolutionary responses to influence carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change, and motivate an urgent need for more comprehensive data to accurately quantify the adaptive potential of microbiomes in response to climate change.Soil amendment with pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM), also named biochar, is claimed to sequester carbon (C). However, possible interactions between PyOM and native soil organic carbon (SOC) may accelerate the loss of SOC, thus reducing PyOM's C sequestration potential. We combined the results of 46 studies in a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to investigate changes in CO2 emission of PyOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended soils and to identify the causes of these changes and the possible factors involved. Our results showed a statistically significant increase of 28% in CO2 emission from PyOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended soils. When grouped by PyOM C (PyC):SOC ratios, the group of studies with a ratio >2 showed a significant increase in CO2 emissions, but those with a ratio <2 showed no significant effect of PyOM application on CO2 emission. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased CO2 emission after PyOM addition is additive and mainly derived from PyOM's labile C fractions. The PyC:SOC ratio provided the best predictor of increases in CO2 production after PyOM addition to soil. This meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis highlights the importance of taking into account the amount of applied PyC in relation to SOC for designing future decomposition experiments.
", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Decomposition", "Priming", "13. Climate action", "Additive effects", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pyrogenic organic matter", "Recalcitrance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12234"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12234", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12234", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12234"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-11", "title": "Grazing Triggers Soil Carbon Loss By Altering Plant Roots And Their Control On Soil Microbial Community", "description": "Summary1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Depending on grazing intensity, grasslands tend towards two contrasting systems that differ in terms of species diversity and soil carbon (C) storage. To date, effects of grazing on C cycling have mainly been studied in grasslands subject to constant grazing regimes, whereas little is known for grasslands experiencing a change in grazing intensity. Analysing the transition between C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storing and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90releasing grasslands under low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazing regimes, respectively, will help to identify key plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions for C cycling.
2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The transition was studied in a mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths submitted to a change in grazing after 14\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of constant high and low grazing. Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions were analysed by following the dynamics of plant and microbial communities, roots and soil organic matter fractions over 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83years. After disturbance change, mesocosms were continuously exposed to13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled CO2, which allowed us to trace both the incorporation of new litter C produced by a modified plant community in soil and the fate of old unlabelled litter C.
3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events. After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83months later. Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6\uffe2\uff80\uff83months). At last, accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen and decreased soil C storage. Our results indicate that intensified grazing triggers proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and subsequent faster decomposition by reducing roots adapted to low disturbance.
4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Synthesis. Plant communities exert control on microbial communities and decomposition through the activity of their living roots: slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing plants adapted to low disturbance reduce Gram(+) bacteria, decomposition of low and high quality litter, nitrogen availability and, thus, ingress of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing plants. Our results indicate that grazing impacts on soil carbon storage by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial community and decomposition, and that these processes will foster decomposition and soil C loss in more productive and disturbed grassland systems.
", "keywords": ["580", "disturbance", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "matter", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "nitrogen cycling", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "ARISA", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "microbial community", "environment", "management", "particulate organic"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01970.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-08", "title": "Solar Uvb And Warming Affect Decomposition And Earthworms In A Fen Ecosystem In Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina", "description": "AbstractCombined effects of co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring global climate changes on ecosystem responses are generally poorly understood. Here, we present results from a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment in aCarexfen ecosystem on the southernmost tip of South America, where we examined the effects of solar ultraviolet B (UVB, 280\uffe2\uff80\uff93315\uffe2\uff80\uff83nm) and warming on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant production, C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios, decomposition rates and earthworm population sizes. Solar UVB radiation was manipulated using transparent plastic filter films to create a near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient (90% of ambient UVB) or a reduced solar UVB treatment (15% of ambient UVB). The warming treatment was imposed passively by wrapping the same filter material around the plots resulting in a mean air and soil temperature increase of about 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C. Aboveground plant production was not affected by warming, and marginally reduced at near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient UVB only in the second season. Aboveground plant biomass also tended to have a lower C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio under near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient UVB and was differently affected at the two temperatures (marginal UVB \uffc3\uff97 temperature interaction). Leaf decomposition of one dominant sedge species (Carex curta) tended to be faster at near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient UVB than at reduced UVB. Leaf decomposition of a codominant species (Carex decidua) was significantly faster at near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient UVB; root decomposition of this species tended to be lower at increased temperature and interacted with UVB. We found, for the first time in a field experiment that epigeic earthworm density and biomass was 36% decreased by warming but remained unaffected by UVB radiation. Our results show that present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day solar UVB radiation and modest warming can adversely affect ecosystem functioning and engineers of this fen. However, results on plant biomass production also showed that treatment manipulations of co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring global change factors can be overridden by the local climatic situation in a given study year.
", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "EARTHWORMS", "0106 biological sciences", "CAREX CURTA", "ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS PRODUCTION", "SOIL HETEROTROPHS", "01 natural sciences", "CAREX DECIDUA", "13. Climate action", "DENDROBAENA OCTAEDRA", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GLOBAL WARMING", "GLOBAL CHANGE", "OZONE DEPLETION", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01970.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01970.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01970.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01970.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-01", "title": "Drought-Resistant Fungi Control Soil Organic Matter Decomposition And Its Response To Temperature", "description": "Microbial-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) ultimately makes a considerable contribution to soil respiration, which is typically the main source of CO2 arising from terrestrial ecosystems. Despite this central role in the decomposition of SOM, few studies have been conducted on how climate change may affect the soil microbial community and, furthermore, on how possible climate-change induced alterations in the ecology of microbial communities may affect soil CO2 emissions. Here we present the results of a seasonal study on soil microbial community structure, SOM decomposition and its temperature sensitivity in two representative Mediterranean ecosystems where precipitation/throughfall exclusion has taken place during the last 10 years. Bacterial and fungal diversity was estimated using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Our results show that fungal diversity was less sensitive to seasonal changes in moisture, temperature and plant activity than bacterial diversity. On the other hand, fungal communities showed the ability to dynamically adapt throughout the seasons. Fungi also coped better with the 10 years of precipitation/throughfall exclusion compared with bacteria. The high resistance of fungal diversity to changes with respect to bacteria may open the controversy as to whether future 'drier conditions' for Mediterranean regions might favor fungal dominated microbial communities. Finally, our results indicate that the fungal community exerted a strong influence over the temporal and spatial variability of SOM decomposition and its sensitivity to temperature. The results, therefore, highlight the important role of fungi in the decomposition of terrestrial SOM, especially under the harsh environmental conditions of Mediterranean ecosystems, for which models predict even drier conditions in the future.", "keywords": ["Diversity", "Diversitat", "Bacteria", "Drought", "Q10", "Soil organic matter decomposition", "Descomposici\u00f3 de la Mat\u00e8ria Org\u00e1nica del S\u00f2l", "Fungi", "Sequera", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Canvi clim\u00e1ticas", "15. Life on land", "Bacteris", "Descomposici\u00f3 de la mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica del s\u00f2l", "Fongs", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Fong", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02300.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "title": "High Nitrogen Deposition Alters The Decomposition Of Bog Plant Litter And Reduces Carbon Accumulation", "description": "AbstractBogs are globally important sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) due to the accumulation of partially decomposed litter that forms peat. Because bogs receive their nutrients from the atmosphere, the world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide increase of nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to affect litter decomposition and, ultimately, the rate of C accumulation. However, the mechanism of such biogeochemical alteration remains unclear and quantification of the effect of N addition on litter accumulation has yet to be done. Here, we show that 7\uffc2\uffa0years of N addition to a bog decreased the C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio, increased the bacterial biomass and stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in surface peat. Furthermore, N addition modified nutrient limitation of microbes during litter decomposition so that phosphorus became a primary limiting nutrient. Alteration of N release from decomposing litter affected bog water chemistry and the competitive balance between peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses and vascular plants. We estimate that deposition of about 4 g\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 will cause a mean annual reduction of fresh litter C accumulation of about 40\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 primarily as a consequence of decreased litter production from peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses. Our findings show that N deposition interacts with both above and below ground components of biodiversity to threaten the ability of bogs to act as N\uffe2\uff80\uff90sinks, which may offset the positive effects of N on C accumulation seen in other ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["570", "Decomposition; litter accumulation modelling; microbial diversity; peatland; primary production; soil enzymatic activity; Sphagnum; vascular plants", "decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "litter accumulation modelling", "soil enzymatic activity", "15. Life on land", "S phagnum", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "vascular plants", "primary production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-15", "title": "Species-Specific Responses To Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide And Tropospheric Ozone Mediate Changes In Soil Carbon", "description": "AbstractWe repeatedly sampled the surface mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth) in three northern temperate forest communities over an 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental fumigation to understand the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or elevated phyto\uffe2\uff80\uff90toxic ozone (O3) on soil carbon (C). After 11\uffe2\uff80\uff83years, there was no significant main effect of CO2 or O3 on soil C. However, within the community containing only aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), elevated CO2 caused a significant decrease in soil C content. Together with the observations of increased litter inputs, this result strongly suggests accelerated decomposition under elevated CO2. In addition, an initial reduction in the formation of new (fumigation\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived) soil C by O3 under elevated CO2 proved to be only a temporary effect, mirroring trends in fine root biomass. Our results contradict predictions of increased soil C under elevated CO2 and decreased soil C under elevated O3 and should be considered in models simulating the effects of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s altered atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "Science", "Climate Change", "Aspen", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "13 C", "Carbon Storage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Trees", "Soil", "Ozone", "Populus", "Long-term", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Northern Temperate Forests", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global Change", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-09", "title": "Bioenergy By-Products As Soil Amendments? Implications For Carbon Sequestration And Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "AbstractAn important but little understood aspect of bioenergy production is its overall impact on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Increased energy production from biomass will inevitably lead to higher input of its by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products to the soil as amendments or fertilizers. However, it is still unclear how these by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products will influence microbial transformation processes in soil, and thereby its greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and organic C stocks. In this study, we assess C and N dynamics and GHG emissions following application of different bioenergy by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products to soil. Ten by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products were selected from different bioenergy chains: anaerobic digestion (manure digestates), first generation biofuel by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products (rapeseed meal, distilled dried grains with solubles), second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuel by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products (nonfermentables from hydrolysis of different lignocellulosic materials) and pyrolysis (biochars). These by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products were added at a constant N rate (150\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to a sandy soil and incubated at 20\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C. After 60 days, >80% of applied C had been emitted as CO2 in the first\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuel residue treatments. For second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuel residues this was approximately 60%, and for digestates 40%. Biochars were the most stable residues with the lowest CO2 loss (between 0.5% and 5.8% of total added C). Regarding N2O emissions, addition of first\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuel residues led to the highest total N2O emissions (between 2.5% and 6.0% of applied N). Second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuel residues emitted between 1.0% and 2.0% of applied N, with the original feedstock material resulting in similar N2O emissions and higher C mineralization rates. Anaerobic digestates resulted in emissions <1% of applied N. The two biochars used in this study decreased N2O emissions below background values. We conclude that GHG dynamics of by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products after soil amendment cannot be ignored and should be part of the lifecycle analysis of the various bioenergy production chains.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "part 2", "7. Clean energy", "biofuels", "6. Clean water", "feedlot cattle", "12. Responsible consumption", "corn", "dried distillers grains", "13. Climate action", "wheat", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ethanol", "energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=decomposition&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=decomposition&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=decomposition&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=decomposition&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 198, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-24T10:25:18.260080Z"}