{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1080/03066150.2010.512460", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-24", "title": "Processes Of Inclusion And Adverse Incorporation: Oil Palm And Agrarian Change In Sumatra, Indonesia", "description": "Changes in globalised agriculture raise critical questions as rapid agricultural development leads to widespread social and environmental transformation. With increased global demand for vegetable oils and biofuel, in Indonesia the area under oil palm has doubled over the last decade. This paper presents a case study of how micro-processes that are linked to wider dynamics shape oil palm related agrarian change in villages in Sumatra, Indonesia. It pursues related questions regarding the impact of agribusiness-driven agriculture, the fate of smallholders experiencing contemporary agrarian transition, and the impact of increased demand for vegetable oils and biofuels on agrarian structures in Sumatra. It argues that the paths of agrarian change are highly uneven and depend on how changing livelihood strategies are enabled or constrained by economic, social and political relations that vary over time and space. In contrast to simplifying narratives of inclusion/exclusion, it argues that outcomes depend on the terms under which smallholders engage with oil palm. Distinguishing between exogenous processes of agribusiness expansion and endogenous commodity market expansion, it finds each is associated with characteristic processes of change. It concludes that the way successive policy interventions have worked with the specific characteristics of oil palm have cumulatively shaped the space where agrarian change occurs in Sumatra.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "commodity market", "Economics", "eth Adverse incorporation", "smallholder", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "History", " 21st Century", "agricultural development", "strategic approach", "Social differentiation", "11. Sustainability", "agricultural policy", "Plant Oils", "crop", "demand analysis", "Social Change", "Asia", " Southeastern", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "education", "article", "1. No poverty", "Agriculture", "Keywords: biofuel", "economics", "History", " 20th Century", "15. Life on land", "Southeast Asia", "socioeconomic impact", "Commodity markets", "agrarian change", "vegetable oil", "Indonesia", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Oil palm", "biofuel"], "contacts": [{"organization": "McCarthy, John", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/53926/5/processes_of_mccarthy_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/53926/7/01_McCarthy_Processes_of_inclusion_and_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2010.512460"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Journal%20of%20Peasant%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/03066150.2010.512460", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/03066150.2010.512460", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/03066150.2010.512460"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/molecules25122723", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-16", "title": "Ammonium Recovery and Biogas Upgrading in a Tubular Micro-Pilot Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC)", "description": "<p>Here, a 12-liter tubular microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) was developed as a post treatment unit for simultaneous biogas upgrading and ammonium recovery from the liquid effluent of an anaerobic digestion process. The MEC configuration adopted a cation exchange membrane to separate the inner anodic chamber and the external cathodic chamber, which were filled with graphite granules. The cathodic chamber performed the CO2 removal through the bioelectromethanogenesis reaction and alkalinity generation while the anodic oxidation of a synthetic fermentate partially sustained the energy demand of the process. Three different nitrogen load rates (73, 365, and 2229 mg N/Ld) were applied to the inner anodic chamber to test the performances of the whole process in terms of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal, CO2 removal, and nitrogen recovery. By maintaining the organic load rate at 2.55 g COD/Ld and the anodic chamber polarization at +0.2 V vs. SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode), the increase of the nitrogen load rate promoted the ammonium migration and recovery, i.e., the percentage of current counterbalanced by the ammonium migration increased from 1% to 100% by increasing the nitrogen load rate by 30-fold. The CO2 removal slightly increased during the three periods, and permitted the removal of 65% of the influent CO2, which corresponded to an average removal of 2.2 g CO2/Ld. During the operation with the higher nitrogen load rate, the MEC energy consumption, which was simultaneously used for the different operations, was lower than the selected benchmark technologies, i.e., 0.47 kW/N\uffc2\uffb7m3 for CO2 removal and 0.88 kW\uffc2\uffb7h/kg COD for COD oxidation were consumed by the MEC while the ammonium nitrogen recovery consumed 2.3 kW\uffc2\uffb7h/kg N.</p>", "keywords": ["Bioelectric Energy Sources", "Nitrogen", "Organic chemistry", "Pilot Projects", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "Electrolysis", "biogas upgrading", " nitrogen recovery", " microbial electrolysis cell", " bioelectromethanogenesis", " digestate", "biogas upgrading", "QD241-441", "Bioreactors", "Ammonium Compounds", "Anaerobiosis", "Cation Exchange Resins", "Electrodes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis", "Electrochemical Techniques", "microbial electrolysis cell", "6. 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Climate action", "digestate", "Biofuels", "nitrogen recovery", "bioelectromethanogenesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/12/2723/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1415412/1/Cristiani_Ammonium_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/12/2723/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122723"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecules", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/molecules25122723", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/molecules25122723", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/molecules25122723"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-12T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=demand+analysis&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=demand+analysis&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=demand+analysis&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=demand+analysis&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-23T10:44:58.249659Z"}