Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access.
As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups.
After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies.
Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.
Global climate is thought to be modulated by the supply of minerals to Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s surface. Whereas silicate weathering removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, weathering of accessory carbonate and sulfide minerals is a geologically relevant source of CO2. Although these weathering pathways commonly operate side by side, we lack quantitative constraints on their co-variation across erosion rate gradients. Here we use stream-water chemistry across an erosion rate gradient of three orders of magnitude in shales and sandstones of southern Taiwan, and find that sulfide and carbonate weathering rates rise with increasing erosion, while silicate weathering rates remain steady. As a result, on timescales shorter than marine sulfide compensation (approximately 106\uffe2\uff80\uff93107 years), weathering in rapidly eroding terrain leads to net CO2 emission rates that are about twice as fast as CO2 sequestration rates in slow-eroding terrain. We propose that these weathering reactions are linked and that sulfuric acid generated from sulfide oxidation boosts carbonate solubility, whereas silicate weathering kinetics remain unaffected, possibly due to efficient buffering of the pH. We expect that these patterns are broadly applicable to many Cenozoic mountain ranges that expose marine metasediments.", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00714-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-24", "title": "Redistributions Of 137cs And Soil Components On Cultivated Hill Slopes With Hedgerows As Conservation Measures", "description": "Abstract 137 Cs tracing technique combined with soil composition characterization was used to investigate the mechanism and effectiveness of conservation measures for cultivated hill slopes of strongly weathered acidic Acrisol. The results of analysis of 66 soil samples taken across six plots showed much lower losses of 137 Cs, soil organic carbon (SOC), and nutrients in the four treatments of alley cropping with hedgerows compared to the two control treatments of bare land and without conservation measures. No-tillage cultivation combined with vetiver grass hedgerows was most effective in securing high levels of 137 Cs, SOC, N, P, K, and CEC while reducing considerably the contents of dissolved cations and anions. Within the plots of alley cropping, 137 Cs, SOC, nutrients, dissolved ions, and sand were accumulated in the areas immediately upslope of the hedgerows, whereas the clay content and bulk density were highest downslope of the hedgerows. SOC inversely correlates with clay in concurrence with observations for the soils derived from basaltic parent materials, in which clay minerals are predominated by kaolinite. The correlations of 137 Cs with dissolved Ca, Mg, and P indicate that in the highly leaching Acrisol 137 Cs may partly occur in the soil solution that is susceptible to leaching and loss. The interrelationships among soil components were interpreted as being driven by the redistribution of soil aggregates which were fractionated in situ according to their sizes and specific densities by erosion forces combined with tillage and conservation measures (hedgerows).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-03", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Residue Harvesting On Soil Quality", "description": "Development of the cellulosic bioenergy industry raises the prospect of wide spread stover harvesting in the near future; however, the impact of stover harvesting on soil quality may not be apparent for several years. Here we evaluate the impact of 19 years of either zero or approximately 90% removal of above ground crop residue on soil quality. The 0\u20135, 5\u201315, and 15\u201330 cm soil depths of Waukegan silt loam (Typic Hapludoll) from east-central Minnesota were sampled from plots after 12 and 7 years of maize and soybean cropping, respectively. On average for the 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm depths, soil organic C was 12% less, total N was 12.6% less, N mineralization potential was 27.7% less, cation exchange capacity was 7.3% less, macro aggregation was 13.0% less, and total respiration was 12.3% less for plots with residue harvesting relative to plots where residue was not harvested. Minimal impacts of residue harvesting were apparent for the 15\u201330 cm soil samples, except N mineralization potential which was 28% lower for plots with residue harvesting. Declines in soil quality indicators due to residue harvesting were only slightly less severe for no-tillage plots relative to chisel and moldboard plow tillage plots. We conclude that harvesting 90% of above ground residue for 19 years resulted in substantial degradation of soil quality, and that the impact on N mineralization potential was substantially larger than the loss of total N, suggesting that labile organic N was selectively depleted. We also conclude that stover harvesting for bioenergy production could cause similar degradation of soil quality unless management practices that increase C inputs to soils are also implemented.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David A. Laird, Cheng-Wen Chang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Effects Of Agricultural Management On Chemical And Biochemical Properties Of A Semiarid Soil From Central Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "\uf064 15N", "fallow", "N stock", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "C stocks", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "\uf064 13C", "soil enzymes", "tillage systems", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-08", "title": "Long-Term Fencing Effects On Plant Diversity And Soil Properties In China", "description": "Abstract Overgrazing reduces plant species diversity, productivity and soil C and N storage due to degradation especially in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We hypothesized that fencing could significantly reverse these trends in temperate grasslands. The effects of long-term (30 years) fencing on diversity and soil C and N storage were compared with areas where continuous grazing occurred on the Loess Plateau, China. Fencing increased vegetation coverage, height, plant diversity, biomass production and litter, resulting primarily from increases in the ratio of grass species as a percentage of the whole community and photosynthate allocation between above- and below-ground biomass indicated by differences in the root/shoot (R/S) ratios. Fencing significantly influenced soil bulk density (BD), moisture content (SW) and pH. Long-term fencing also led to marked increases in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), the carbon: phosphorus (C/P) and nitrogen: phosphorus (N/P) ratios, as well as soil C and N storage within 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile. The C/N ratio in the surface 0\u20135\u00a0cm fenced and grazed grasslands were also significantly different. Increases in soil C and N sequestration as a result of fencing occurred mainly at deeper soil depths (30\u2013100\u00a0cm). These findings have important implications for both protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems, which have been disturbed by grazing and for developing a more effective grasslands management strategy on the Loess Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-30", "title": "Impact Of Agricultural Land-Use Change On Carbon Storage In Boreal Alaska", "description": "AbstractClimate warming is most pronounced at high latitudes, which could result in the intensification of the extensively cultivated areas in the boreal zone and could further enhance rates of forest clearing in the coming decades. Using paired forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90field sampling and a chronosequence approach, we investigated the effect of conversion of boreal forest to agriculture on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in interior Alaska. Chronosequences showed large soil C losses during the first two decades following deforestation, with mean C stocks in agricultural soils being 44% or 8.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922lower than C stocks in original forest soils. This suggests that soil C losses from land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change in the boreal region may be greater than those in other biomes. Analyses of changes in stable C isotopes and in quality of soil organic matter showed that organic C was lost from soils by combustion of cleared forest material, decomposition of organic matter and possibly erosion. Chronosequences indicated an increase in C storage during later decades after forest clearing, with 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old grassland showing net ecosystem C gain of 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922over the original forest. This increase in C stock resulted probably from a combination of large C inputs from belowground biomass and low C losses due to a small original forest soil C stock and low tillage frequency. Reductions in soil N stocks caused by land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change were smaller than reductions in C stocks (34% or 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), resulting in lower C/N ratios in field compared with forest mineral soils, despite the occasional incorporation of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90C forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor material into field soils. Carbon mineralization per unit of mineralized N was considerably higher in forests than in fields, which could indicate that decomposition rates are more sensitive in forest soils than in field soils to inorganic N addition (e.g. by increased N deposition from the atmosphere). If forest conversion to agriculture becomes more widespread in the boreal region, the resulting C losses (51% or 11.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922at the ecosystem level in this study) will induce a positive feedback to climatic warming and additional land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change. However, by selecting relatively C\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soils and by implementing management practices that preserve C, losses of C from soils can be reduced.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Land Use On Soil Respiration In The Temperate Steppe Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Land use change has greatly affected ecosystem C processes and C exchanges in grassland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of land use (mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing) on soil respiration (Rs) of a semi-arid temperate grassland during two growing seasons in Inner Mongolia, northern China, and to identify the main factors that affected Rs. During the growing season, Rs for the mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing land-use types averaged 129, 150, and 194\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2011 (a dry year), versus 309, 272, and 262\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2012 (a wet year). Root respiration (Rr) accounted for 13\u201355% of Rs in 2011, versus 10\u201362% in 2012. Rs was strongly positively correlated with soil moisture for all three land uses, but weakly correlated with soil temperature (R2\u00a0<\u00a00.4 in all cases). Rs was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.834), soil organic matter (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.765), root biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.704), lignin mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.422), and the cellulose mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.849) and significantly negatively correlated with the litter C/N (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.609). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) exhibited large monthly changes, and ranged from 0.52 to 2.12. Rainfall plays a dominant role in soil respiration: precipitation increased soil respiration, but the response differed among the land-use types. Thus, soil water availability is a primary constraint on plant growth and ecosystem C processes. Soil temperature plays a secondary role. Litter decomposition rates and litter quality also appear to be important.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Yan, Jirui Gong, Zi-Yu Zhang, Yong-Mei Huang, Wei Zhang, Yihui Wang, Min Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep01732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Biochar And Denitrification In Soils: When, How Much And Why Does Biochar Reduce N2o Emissions?", "description": "Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10-90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the (15)N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an 'electron shuttle' that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cayuela, M.L.*, S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Lehmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep01732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep01732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-31", "title": "Influence Of Soil Management On Soil Physical Characteristics And Water Storage In A Mature Rainfed Olive Orchard", "description": "Mechanical tillage represents the most common technique of soil management in olive orchards within the Mediterranean Basin. Such practice may result in soil structure degradation which can significantly reduce water infiltration causing runoff and erosion processes. An alternative opportunity is given by the use of cover crops which eliminates most of the disadvantages of conventional tillage. An experiment was carried out from 2007 to 2009 in a mature and rainfed olive grove located in Southern Italy with the aim to evaluate the effect of different soil management techniques on soil structure and soil water content and storage along the profile. The experimental site was characterised by a slope gradient ranging from 0 to 16%. Since 2000, the olive grove was subjected to two different management systems: sustainable system, SS (no-tillage, spontaneous vegetation cover, annual recycling of pruning material) and conventional system, CS (tillage, no recycling of pruning material). Modifications of soil structure induced by the two different management systems were quantified by micromorphometric analysis of macroporosity. Soil hydrological behavior was determined by field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements. Soil water content was measured at 10/15-day intervals by gypsum resistivity blocks placed in flat and steep areas (summit, backslope, and footslope) of both systems at different soil depths (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200\u00a0cm). In the SS soil macroporosity was not very high (about 10%) but homogeneously distributed along the profile which favored the vertical water movement down to deeper horizons. In the CS the occurrence of soil crusting and of compacted layers along the profile hindered infiltration and percolation of rainfall water influencing the soil water content below the 100\u00a0cm layer. The SS was able to better store water from rainfall, received during the autumn\u2013winter period, especially in the deepest soil layer (from 100 to 200\u00a0cm). This was evident especially in the steep area at the summit position, where the water amounts stored by SS were 45 and 17% higher than those retained by the CS in 2007 and 2009, respectively. During summer such reserves were available for the olive root systems which usually, under the driest conditions, explore the deep soil zone in search of water. Under our experimental conditions, no yield reduction was observed due to the prompt mowing of the spontaneous cover crops. Therefore, the suitable use of cover crops should be communicated to the olive farmers and strongly recommended within agricultural policy strategies for its evident agronomical and environmental benefits (increase of soil organic carbon, soil structure improvement, reduction of soil and water losses, carbon sequestration).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil macroporosity", "Cover crops", "Olea europaea; Cover crops; Soil water storage; Soil macroporosity; Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil water storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Olea europaea", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Organic Mulching, Irrigation And Fertilization Affect Soil Co2 Emission And C Storage In Tomato Crop In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract Carbon stock and CO 2 emissions in agricultural systems are highly affected by the management of applied practices in arable farms, such as fertilizer use, irrigation, soil tillage, cover crop management, etc. This study evaluated the effects of various organic mulches, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation levels on soil CO 2 emissions, soil carbon sequestration and processing tomato production in the Mediterranean environment. The field experiment was carried out with five main treatments, three cover crops of hairy vetch (HV), lacy phacelia (LF) and white mustard (WM) transplanted in autumn and cut in May to be used as mulches, plus barley straw mulch (BS) and conventional (C) (bare soil). After tomato transplanting, the main plots were split into two nitrogen fertilization treatments (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and the sub-plots were then split again into three irrigation levels (irrigation water 100%, 75%, 50% of evapotranspiration). In all treatments, a general effect was observed in the temporal fluctuations of soil CO 2 emissions throughout the observation period which were significantly influenced by soil temperature and water content. The temporal fluctuations of the soil CO 2 emissions were attributed to climatic conditions and the peaks achieved optimal conditions of soil temperature and water content for soil respiration. A larger amount of TOC was observed in the mulching treatments than in the control after tomato harvesting (on average 1.44% vs 1.33%, respectively and on average 1.43% in HV trastment), probably due to the residual biomass of the cover crops and a greater growth of the tomato. Although the soil carbon output as cumulated CO 2 emissions did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments, the soil carbon balance enabled us to estimate the highest net carbon contribution to the soil in HV determined by inputs and input/output ratio. However, except for the BS in 2013, the input/output ratios were >1 in all mulch treatments. In the Mediterranean environment, agronomical practices, such as the use of hairy vetch mulch on notilled soil, a slight reduction of irrigation water (\u221225%) and a rationalized use of N fertilizer potentially could shift the C balance in favor of soil C accumulation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "CO2 emission Fertilization Irrigation Organic mulching Soil carbon Tomato production", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Evaluation Of Seasonal Variability Of Soil Biogeochemical Properties In Aggregate-Size Fractioned Soil Under Different Tillages", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["CP MAS NMR", "2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "Conservation agriculture", "Total organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "Labile carbon pools", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-09", "title": "Impact Of No-Till And Reduced Tillage On Aggregation And Aggregate-Associated Carbon In Northern European Agroecosystems", "description": "Abstract Minimum tillage practices have been shown to enhance soil aggregation and soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. Carbon turnover rate slows down when soil aggregation increases and SOC is protected within stable microaggregates (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm). However, this has not been investigated in boreal soils. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the long-term effects of no-till (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) on SOC stabilization in four soils typical for the boreal region. Distribution of SOC in different soil fractions in a 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer was analyzed by wet sieving and further isolation of microaggregates (mM) from large (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm, LM) and small (250\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm, sM) macroaggregates. Aggregate size decreased in the order of NT\u00a0>\u00a0RT\u00a0>\u00a0CT at all study sites. In addition to increased mean weight diameter (MWD) under NT, a general trend of redistribution of SOC into these formed macroaggregates was found at all study sites, i.e., the LM fraction gained SOC. However SOC was lost in other fractions under NT compared to CT at some sites and none of the sites showed any significant changes in bulk soil SOC content under NT or RT. Also our hypothesis that there would be more SOC incorporated in mM fraction in NT and RT compared to CT was corroborated only at site 4 under NT. Thus, although the potential to accumulate SOC under NT or RT compared to CT seems to be limited in boreal agroecosystems, the redistribution of SOC to the more stable conditions within the aggregates indicates positive impacts of no-till practice.", "keywords": ["maaper\u00e4", "no-till", "hiili", "auraton viljely", "610", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ta4111", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "kasvinviljely", "kevennetty maanmuokkaus", "murustuminen", "maan rakenne", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kasvintuotanto", "microaggregates", "soil structural units", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01020.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "Fifteen Years Of Vegetation And Soil Development After Brackish-Water Marsh Creation", "description": "AbstractAboveground biomass, macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organic matter (MOM), and wetland soil characteristics were measured periodically between 1983 and 1998 in a created brackish\uffe2\uff80\uff90water marsh and a nearby natural marsh along the Pamlico River estuary, North Carolina to evaluate the development of wetland vegetation and soil dependent functions after marsh creation. Development of aboveground biomass and MOM was dependent on elevation and frequency of tidal inundation. Aboveground biomass ofSpartina alterniflora, which occupied low elevations along tidal creeks and was inundated frequently, developed to levels similar to the natural marsh (750 to 1,300 g/m2) within three years after creation.Spartina cynosuroides, which dominated interior areas of the marsh and was flooded less frequently, required 9 years to consistently achieve aboveground biomass equivalent to the natural marsh (600 to 1,560 g/m2). Aboveground biomass ofSpartina patens, which was planted at the highest elevations along the terrestrial margin and seldom flooded, never consistently developed aboveground biomass comparable with the natural marsh during the 15 years after marsh creation. MOM (0 to 10 cm) generally developed at the same rate as aboveground biomass. Between 1988 and 1998, soil bulk density decreased and porosity and organic C and N pools increased in the created marsh. Like vegetation, wetland soil development proceeded faster in response to increased inundation, especially in the streamside zone dominated byS. alterniflora.We estimated that in the streamside and interior zones, an additional 30 years (nitrogen) to 90 years (organic C, porosity) are needed for the upper 30 cm of created marsh soil to become equivalent to the natural marsh. Wetland soil characteristics of theS. patenscommunity along upland fringe will take longer to develop, more than 200 years. Development of the benthic invertebrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90based food web, which depends on organic matter enrichment of the upper 5 to 10 cm of soil, is expected to take less time. Wetland soil characteristics and functions of created irregularly flooded brackish marshes require longer to develop compared with regularly flooded salt marshes because reduced tidal inundation slows wetland vegetation and soil development. The hydrologic regime (regularly vs. irregularly flooded) of the \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctarget\uffe2\uff80\uff9d wetland should be considered when setting realistic expectations for success criteria of created and restored wetlands.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christopher B. Craft, Carlton Campbell, Stephen W. Broome,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01020.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01020.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01020.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01020.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Stocks In Different Bioenergy Cropping Systems Including Subsoil", "description": "Abstract Despite the growing importance of energy cropping systems, little is known about their soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in topsoils and subsoils. Furthermore, information regarding the impact of N-fertilization on C-sequestration for perennial compared with annual energy cropping systems is scarce. In order to study SOC changes in the soils of different energy cropping systems, a long-term study was established in southwestern Germany with the following cropping systems: energy maize ( Zea mays ) with reduced tillage, Miscanthus ( M. x giganteus ), switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) and willow ( Salix schwerinii x viminalis ), as well as a crop rotation with conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) consisting of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ssp . oleifera ), winter triticale ( Triticale triticosecale ) and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). The soil is a Haplic Luvisol (Siltic). For each cropping system three N-fertilization regimes adapted to the needs of each crop were applied. With the main hypothesis that perennial energy cropping systems increase SOC stocks compared with conventional annual cropping systems, the SOC stocks were analyzed to a depth of 90\u00a0cm after 11 years of continuous cropping (2002\u20132012). Compared with the control (CT) with 76 Mg SOC ha \u22121 , the perennial crops had significantly higher SOC stocks in all N-fertilization regimes, which amounted to 92\u201395 Mg SOC ha \u22121 in the N1-fertilization regime. The crop rotation with NT also had higher SOC stocks with 93 Mg SOC ha \u22121 in the N1-fertilization regime. N-fertilization generally led to higher SOC stocks in all cropping systems, although SOC stocks did not increase any further from reduced to highest crop-specific N-fertilization, with the exception of energy maize. The current findings also stress the importance of subsoil carbon analyses: SOC stocks at a depth from 30 to 90\u00a0cm made up 44\u201355% of the total stocks and differed significantly between cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-23", "title": "Biochar From Pruning Residues As A Soil Amendment: Effects Of Pyrolysis Temperature And Particle Size", "description": "Abstract Adding some pruning residues to the soil could result on phytotoxicity due to the presence of polyphenols. Pyrolysis of those residues could lead to a product with less polyphenols and a potential to be used as soil amendment. Soil biological properties, and, in particular soil enzyme activities have often been as indicators of soil quality. We tested phytotoxicity, using a germination test, and soil biological properties, namely soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N, soil basal respiration and several soil enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase and phosphomonoesterase) in a soil amended with pruning residues and with biochars prepared at 300\u00a0\u00b0C and 500\u00a0\u00b0C from those residues. Moreover, both biochar and pruning residues were divided into finer ( 2\u00a0mm) particles and we studied the effect of adding two different doses of amendments (1 and 3%). Biochar resulted in an increase in the germination index of tomato and lettuce seeds in comparison to pruning residues, while no difference was found for the other plant species tested (watercress and lettuce). Pruning residues showed phytototicity in the tomato germination test. In general, both, pruning residues and the use of amendments with finer size particle resulted in an increase in soil enzyme activity. Our results indicate that soil enzymes are not responsive to the presence of polyphenols and could not be used as suitable indicators of soil quality in soils amended with residues containing polyphenols, while germination tests are more suitable to detect the presence of these toxic compounds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effects Of Cattle Manure Compost Combined With Chemical Fertilizer On Topsoil Organic Matter, Bulk Density And Earthworm Activity In A Wheat\u2013Maize Rotation System In Eastern China", "description": "Abstract Cattle manure compost (CMC) combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied to a wheat\u2013maize rotation field, in Eastern China, to assess soil physical and chemical properties, biological activity and land productivity. Indicators of organic matter, carbon storage and sequestration, bulk density, water content, total N content and earthworm population from topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were quantified. This consecutive study (2009\u20132014) was carried out on the base of the same total N, P, K application rate (375.0\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , 92.4\u00a0kg P 2 O 5 \u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 and 316.3\u00a0kg K 2 O\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) in each treatment that was fertilized. Six treatments were designed as: (1) CK, without any fertilizer; (2) NPK, 100% CF; (3) NPKM1, 25% CMC combined with 75% CF; (4) NPKM2, 50% CMC combined with 50% CF; (5) NPKM3, 75% CMC combined with 25% CF; and (6) CM, 100% CMC. The results demonstrated that organic matter, water content, total N content and earthworm density from topsoil were significantly and positively ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01) related to CMC input, with significantly negative correlation being observed between soil bulk density and CMC input. The average annual yield of the wheat\u2013maize rotation system significantly increased ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in NPK, NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3, and CM compared with CK, with the highest yield being obtained from NPKM1. Applying merely CF not only led to the lower SOM, water content and total N content, but also resulted in negative effects on earthworm activity, while CMC alleviated such negative effects. Our finding may help to increase food supply by improving soil conditions with organic fertilizer compost application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-24", "title": "Annual Accounting Of Net Greenhouse Gas Balance Response To Biochar Addition In A Coastal Saline Bioenergy Cropping System In China", "description": "Abstract The potential of biochar for mitigating climatic impacts of coastal saline bioenergy production is not well established. A full accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) affected by biochar amendment combined with or without nitrogen (N) fertilizer application was examined in an annual coastal reclaimed Jerusalem artichoke bioenergy cropping system. The net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) and net primary production (NPP) using static chamber method. Biochar amendment raised the seasonal R H but without suppressing the NPP during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping season. Soil CH 4 emissions were 72% and 80% lower in the biochar amended than unamended plots when combined with N fertilizer application during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping and non-cropping seasons, respectively. The biochar-induced soil N 2 O mitigation efficiency was weakened by N fertilizer input over the annual cycle. Annual NGHGB and GHGI were negative for all the field treatments and were significantly lower in biochar amended than in unamended soils, suggesting that Jerusalem artichoke cropping system served as a net sink of GHGs due to net ecosystem CO 2 and biochar-induced C sequestration exceeding CO 2 -equivalents released as CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. On average, biochar amendment significantly enhanced GHGs sink capacity by resulting in almost 4\u20135 folds decrease in annual NGHGB or GHGI when combined with N fertilizer application or not. Therefore, higher biomass gain as potential alternative source of biofuels but lower climatic impacts of bioenergy production would be reconciled by biochar use in southeast coastal China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-18", "title": "Use Of Compost As An Alternative To Conventional Inorganic Fertilizers In Intensive Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Crops-Effects On Soil And Plant", "description": "Abstract Intensive crop over-fertilization is causing the diffuse contamination of superficial and ground-waters by nitrates in many Mediterranean areas. At the same time this practice is also damaging the soil in the long-term. In this work the feasibility of using composts as total or partial substitutes for conventional inorganic fertilization (CIF) was evaluated in two successive crops of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most consumed vegetables in Europe. The aim was to offer alternative agricultural practices that are more environmentally friendly. Treatments consisting of various rates of inorganic and organic fertilizers (composts) were assayed in quadruplicate on a sandy loam soil classified as Haplic Calcisol in Southern Spain. Macro- and micronutrients and heavy metal concentrations were analysed in soil and plant leaves. Parameters such as soil basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and dehydrogenase (DHA) and hydrolase activities, indicators of soil microbial abundance and activity, were also determined after each crop. After the second lettuce crop, certain physical soil properties such as aggregate stability and soil water holding capacity were also determined. In the first crop lettuce yields in the compost-treated soils did not significantly (p\u2264 0.05) differ from the yields of CIF-treated soils. In the second crop, however, lettuce yields were higher in organically treated soils than in soils receiving only inorganic fertilization. Organic fertilizers were able to supply sufficient nutrients to achieve similar yields as those obtained with additional inorganic fertilizer. After the second crop, organically treated soils also showed higher C, N, P concentrations and higher Cmic, BR and DHA than soils receiving conventional inorganic fertilization as well as improved physical conditions (a higher percentage of stable soil aggregates and a greater water holding capacity). Also after the second lettuce crop, compost-treated soils showed significantly higher \u03b2-glucosidase and phosphatase activity than CIF-treated soils. Furthermore, lettuces grown in compost-treated soils showed significantly lower leaf nitrate concentration than lettuces grown in soil receiving CIF, thus reducing the potential toxicological risks associated with consuming nitrate-rich foods. Moreover, compost fertilization did not increase the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce leaves. Results confirm that manure and sewage sludge composts can be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilization in lettuce crop cultivation, leading to similar or even higher yields and reducing nutrient-leaching risks, while improving soil chemical, physical and microbiological properties.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term (23 Years) Mineral Fertilizer And Compost Application On Physical Properties Of Fluvo-Aquic Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract The influence of compost and mineral fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) and physical properties varied greatly in previous studies because of differences in site conditions such as climate and soil. This study was conducted as a long-term (1989\u20132012) field experiment to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilization and compost application on SOC content and some physical properties of an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil in the North China Plain. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: organic compost (OM); half organic compost plus half mineral fertilizer NPK (1/2OM1/2NPK); mineral fertilizer NPK (NPK); mineral fertilizer NP (NP); mineral fertilizer PK (PK); mineral fertilizer NK (NK); and unfertilized control (CK), each with four replicates. Relative to CK, the SOC content was higher in all of the compost and mineral fertilizer treatments, but increments in SOC under the compost application treatments were higher than mineral fertilization application. Compost application (OM, 1/2OM1/2NPK) decreased soil bulk density and increased total porosity significantly in comparison with that in the CK plots. Soil bulk density and total porosity for the mineral fertilization treatments, except NP, did not significantly differ from CK. The lowest penetration resistance at 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil depth was observed in the NK plots, and the highest penetration resistance was found in the CK plots. Compost application increased the total amount of water-stable macro-aggregates (>0.25\u00a0mm); however, MWD was not significantly affected by compost application. The MWD in the NK treatment was lower than in CK by 0.2\u00a0mm, while its variation among NPK, OM, 1/2OM1/2NPK, NP, PK, and CK was not significant. The compost- and mineral fertilizer-treated soil had 34.6\u201391.7% higher volume of macropores than the CK soil. The OM and 1/2OM1/2NPK-treated soil had a significantly higher proportion of small pores (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiuli Xin, Jiabao Zhang, Anning Zhu, Congzhi Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-27", "title": "Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Subtropical Ultisol By Using Long-Term No-Tillage In Combination With Legume Cover Crops", "description": "Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be partially mitigated with conservation agriculture. In this study, we assessed the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), as well as five NT cover crop-based cropping systems, on yield-scaled GHG emissions in two long-term experiments (18 and 19 years) on a subtropical Paleudult. Air samples collected in static closed chambers were used to measure nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes. The annual rate of change in soil organic C from the beginning of the experiments was used as proxy for net CO2 flux. Cumulative annual emissions of the three GHG and the CO2 costs of agricultural inputs and operations were taken in full account when estimating the global warming potential (GWP). Under legume cover crops, NT soil exhibited increased N2O emissions relative to CT soil (531 vs 217\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121); however, emissions of this gas from NT soil were fully offset by CO2 retention in soil organic matter (\u22122063 to \u22123940\u00a0kg CO2 ha\u22121 yr\u22121). Soil CH4 fluxes were very low with all management systems (\u22121.5 to 30.5\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). NT soil under legume cover crops behaved as a net sink for GHG (GWP ranged from \u2212971 to \u22122818\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121); by contrast, CT soil and NT soil with a low biomass input were net sources of GHG (GWP ranged from 857 to 2133\u00a0kg CO2eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). The legume cover crops increased maize yield and further reduced yield-scaled GHG emissions. This result suggests that conservation management practices involving no-till in combination with legume cover crops provide an effective approach to sustainable low-C footprint food production in subtropical regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-04", "title": "Effects Of Sediment Removal And Surrounding Land Use On Carbon And Nitrogen Storage In Playas And Watersheds In The Rainwater Basin Region Of Nebraska", "description": "Abstract Eroded soil from cropland watersheds is deposited as sediment into depressional wetlands such as playas degrading their ability to provide ecosystem services. Sediment removal from these degraded playa wetlands restores water storage volume. However, the effects of this restoration practice on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and C sequestration potential in playas has not been determined. One of the most important wetland systems and intensively cultivated regions in North America, the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska, contained over 4000 playas but has lost 90% of them due to agricultural activities. Our objective was to examine the effects of sediment removal on wetland C and N concentrations and determine subsequent C sequestration potential. We also were interested in determining the importance of the presence of wetlands on the landscape to C sequestration given the loss of wetlands that has occurred. We hypothesized that sediment removal might decrease C sequestration potential and that the presence of wetlands on the landscape provides important C sequestration sites. To accomplish these objectives we sampled 60 playas and their immediate watersheds (20 each from reference condition, cropland, and restored through sediment removal) in 2013 and 2014 by coring soil/sediments (mollisols) to a depth of 50\u00a0cm. Restored playas contained 29% lower C and N in the top 5\u00a0cm than in reference and cropland land uses. The C in the top 5\u00a0cm was also 36% higher in the wetland than in the watershed. There were no differences in C and N among land uses/landscape positions at depths >5\u00a0cm. However, because restored playas had sediment removed, in some cases down to the clay pan of the historic playa soil surface, on an areal basis, restored playas stored 21% more soil organic carbon (SOC) in deeper horizons (25\u201350\u00a0cm) than reference or cropland conditions. Overall, SOC was similar among restored, cropland and reference wetlands to a 50\u00a0cm depth, indicating that sediment removal does not have a negative effect on C sequestration potential. On average, SOC was 15% higher in playas than in adjacent uplands, demonstrating the importance of playa wetlands on the landscape to C sequestration. Results of this study have widespread applicability because depressional wetlands are the dominant wetland type in temperate agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dale W. Daniel, Scott T. McMurry, Loren M. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Can pedotransfer functions based on environmental variables improve soil total nutrient mapping at a regional scale?", "description": "Abstract Numerous pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been developed to predict the soil properties of interest from other soil properties and, less commonly, from environmental variables. However, only a few PTFs have been developed to predict soil nutrients using environmental variables and to extrapolate them to characterize spatial soil variations at a regional scale. In this study, we attempted to develop PTFs for the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) concentrations in three typical pedo-climatic areas of China (Fujian Province, Jiangsu Province and Qilian Mountains) with diverse climate, terrain and soil types. A series of linear PTFs were developed to quantify the effect of terrain and climate on the predictive relations between the soil nutrients and other measured soil properties and environmental variables. In addition, digital soil mapping (DSM) based on the random forest (RF) technique was performed to test the hypothesis that the best-fit PTFs could be extrapolated, based on soil maps and environmental variables, to describe regional soil variations in the soil nutrients. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the best-fit PTFs for TN, TP and TK ranged from 0.21 to 0.79 g kg\u22121, 0.20 to 0.58 g kg\u22121, and 3.68 to 5.00 g kg\u22121, respectively. Different RMSEs were produced by DSM, namely 0.37-1.89 g kg\u22121, 0.19\u22120.56 g kg\u22121 and 3.79-4.83 g kg\u22121 for TN, TP and TK, respectively. PTFs provided a sound basis for database compilation if the soil properties were highly correlated. However, the extrapolation of best-fit PTFs to regional scales yielded greater errors than those produced by DSM. The comparison results reveal the limitations of PTFs and suggest that their performance could be improved by using environmental covariates or by fitting data in areas with relatively homogeneous soil landscapes. The DSM techniques may provide satisfactory alternatives to predict soil data at both regional and plot scales.", "keywords": ["Digital soil mapping", "Total phosphorus", "Total potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "Regression analysis", "01 natural sciences", "Random forest", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104672"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2020.104672"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=envi&offset=2050&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=envi&offset=2050&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=envi&offset=2000", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=envi&offset=2100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6850, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T16:53:25.923956Z"}