The Global Carbon Budget 2018 (GCB2018) estimated by the atmospheric CO growth rate, fossil fuel emissions, and modeled (bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up) land and ocean fluxes cannot be fully closed, leading to a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbudget imbalance,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d highlighting uncertainties in GCB components. However, no systematic analysis has been performed on which regions or processes contribute to this term. To obtain deeper insight on the sources of uncertainty in global and regional carbon budgets, we analyzed differences in Net Biome Productivity (NBP) for all possible combinations of bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up and top\uffe2\uff80\uff90down data sets in GCB2018: (i) 16 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and (ii) 5 atmospheric inversions that match the atmospheric CO growth rate. We find that the global mismatch between the two ensembles matches well the GCB2018 budget imbalance, with Brazil, Southeast Asia, and Oceania as the largest contributors. Differences between DGVMs dominate global mismatches, while at regional scale differences between inversions contribute the most to uncertainty. At both global and regional scales, disagreement on NBP interannual variability between the two approaches explains a large fraction of differences. We attribute this mismatch to distinct responses to El\uffc2\uffa0Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation variability between DGVMs and inversions and to uncertainties in land use change emissions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia. We identify key needs to reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets: reducing uncertainty in atmospheric inversions (e.g., through more observations in the tropics) and in land use change fluxes, including more land use processes and evaluating land use transitions (e.g., using high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution remote\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensing), and, finally, improving tropical hydroecological processes and fire representation within DGVMs.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "FLUXES", "550", "BURNED AREA PRODUCT", "atmospheric inversions", "01 natural sciences", "Environnement et pollution", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes atmosph\u00e9riques", "PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES", "global carbon budget", "carbon cycle", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "FOSSIL-FUEL", "VEGETATION MODEL ORCHIDEE", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "dynamic global vegetation models", "contr\u00f4le de la pollution", "Technologie de l'environnement", "INCORPORATING SPITFIRE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GB006393"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/ncomms15347", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-17", "title": "Global perturbation of organic carbon cycling by river damming", "description": "AbstractThe damming of rivers represents one of the most far-reaching human modifications of the flows of water and associated matter from land to sea. Dam reservoirs are hotspots of sediment accumulation, primary productivity (P) and carbon mineralization (R) along the river continuum. Here we show that for the period 1970\uffe2\uff80\uff932030, global carbon mineralization in reservoirs exceeds carbon fixation (P<R); the global P/R ratio, however, varies significantly, from 0.20 to 0.58 because of the changing age distribution of dams. We further estimate that at the start of the twenty-first century, in-reservoir burial plus mineralization eliminated 4.0\uffc2\uffb10.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89Tmol per year (48\uffc2\uffb111 Tg C per year) or 13% of total organic carbon (OC) carried by rivers to the oceans. Because of the ongoing boom in dam building, in particular in emerging economies, this value could rise to 6.9\uffc2\uffb11.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89Tmol per year (83\uffc2\uffb118 Tg C per year) or 19% by 2030.Lakes (including reservoirs) are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle, as acknowledged by the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. In the context of lakes, the boreal region is disproportionately important contributing to 27% of the worldwide lake area, despite representing just 14% of global land surface area. In this study, we used a statistical approach to derive a prediction equation\uffc2\uffa0for the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in lakes as a function of lake area, terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and precipitation (r2\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.56), and to create the first high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution, circumboreal map (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) of lake pCO2. The map of\uffc2\uffa0pCO2 was combined with lake area from the recently published GLOWABO database and three different estimates of the gas transfer velocity k to produce a resulting map of CO2 evasion (FCO2). For the boreal region, we estimate an average, lake area weighted, pCO2 of 966 (678\uffe2\uff80\uff931,325) \uffce\uffbcatm and a total\uffc2\uffa0FCO2 of 189 (74\uffe2\uff80\uff93347) Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and evaluate the corresponding uncertainties based on Monte Carlo simulation. Our estimate of FCO2 is approximately twofold greater than previous estimates, as a result of methodological and data source differences. We use our results along with published estimates of the other C fluxes through inland waters to derive a C budget for the boreal region, and find that FCO2 from lakes is the most significant flux of the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90ocean aquatic continuum, and of a similar magnitude as emissions from forest fires. Using the model and applying it to spatially resolved projections of terrestrial NPP and precipitation while keeping everything else constant, we predict a 107% increase in boreal lake FCO2 under emission scenario RCP8.5 by 2100. Our projections are largely driven by increases in terrestrial NPP over the same period, showing the very close connection between the terrestrial and aquatic C cycle.The leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to the river network is an overlooked component of the terrestrial soil C budget. Measurements of DOC concentrations in soil, runoff and drainage are scarce and their spatial distribution highly skewed towards industrialized countries. The contribution of terrestrial DOC leaching to the global\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale C balance of terrestrial ecosystems thus remains poorly constrained. Here, using a process based, integrative, modelling approach to upscale from existing observations, we estimate a global terrestrial DOC leaching flux of 0.28\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.07\uffc2\uffa0Gt\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 which is conservative, as it only includes the contribution of mineral soils. Our results suggest that globally about 15% of the terrestrial Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP, calculated as the difference between Net Primary Production and soil respiration) is exported to aquatic systems as leached DOC. In the tropical rainforest, the leached fraction of terrestrial NEP even reaches 22%. Furthermore, we simulated spatial\uffe2\uff80\uff90temporal trends in DOC leaching from soil to the river networks from 1860 to 2010. We estimated a global increase in terrestrial DOC inputs to river network of 35\uffc2\uffa0Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (14%) from 1860 to 2010. Despite their low global contribution to the DOC leaching flux, boreal regions have the highest relative increase (28%) while tropics have the lowest relative increase (9%) over the historical period (1860s compared to 2000s). The results from our observationally constrained model approach demonstrate that DOC leaching is a significant flux in the terrestrial C budget at regional and global scales.The river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin.In Brazil, mostEucalyptusstands have been planted on Cerrado (shrubby savanna) or on Cerrado converted into pasture. Case studies are needed to assess the effect of such land use changes on soil fertility and C sequestration. In this study, the influence of Cerrado land development (pasture andEucalyptusplantations) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) stocks were quantified in southern Brazil. Two contrasted silvicultural practices were also compared: 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation silviculture (EUCSR) versus 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of continuous growth (EUCHF). C and N soil concentrations and bulk densities were measured and modelled for each vegetation type, and SOC and SON stocks were calculated down to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m by a continuous function.
Changes in SOC and SON stocks mainly occurred in the forest floor (no litter in pasture and up to 0.87\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922and 0.01\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922in EUCSR) and upper soil horizons. C and N stocks and their confidence intervals were greatly influenced by the methodology used to compute these layers. C/N ratio and13C analysis showed that down to a depth of 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, the Cerrado organic matter was replaced by organic matter from newly introduced vegetation by as much as 75\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% for pasture and about 50% for EUCHF, poorer in N forEucalyptusstands (C/N larger than 18 forEucalyptusstands). Under pasture, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm SON stocks (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) were between 10 and 20% greater than those of the Cerrado (0.21\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), partly due to soil compaction (limit bulk density at soil surface from 1.23 for the Cerrado to 1.34 for pasture). Land development on the Cerrado increased SOC stocks in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm layer by between 15 and 25% (from 2.99 (Cerrado) to 3.86 (EUCSR)\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). When including litter layers, total 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm carbon stocks increased by 35% for EUCHF(4.50\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and 53% for EUCSR(5.08\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), compared with the Cerrado (3.28\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), independently of soil compaction.
", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7071", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5192", "STOCKS ET FLUX", "stockage", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "910", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "utilisation des terres", "p\u00e2turages", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "MANAGEMENT", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5626", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "azote", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "340", "CONGO", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "sylviculture", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "TREE PLANTATIONS", "CONVERSION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "AFFORESTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "EASTERN AUSTRALIA", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "carbone", "impact sur l'environnement", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7156", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "LEAF-LITTER", "STORAGE", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01059.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-03", "title": "Overgrazing Effects On Vegetation Cover And Properties Of Volcanic Ash Soil In The P\u00e1ramo Of Llangahua And La Esperanza (Tungurahua, Ecuador)", "description": "Abstract. The p\uffc3\uffa1ramo is a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90altitude ecosystem of the northern Andes. The vegetation is continuous, with grasses as the dominant groundcover. Because of their high water retention, p\uffc3\uffa1ramos play a fundamental role in water availability for all the population of the inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90Andean valleys. There are many studies of this specific ecosystem, but very few are focussed on overgrazing and its effect on vegetation and soil properties. Intensive grazing started less than 20 years ago and was studied in a representative area in the western Cordillera of central Ecuador covered by recent volcanic ash deposits. Intensive sheep grazing has led to a strong decline in the number of plant species, the replacement of the tussock grass vegetation by a short carpet grass vegetation, and an increase of bare land. In that area, the upper 50 cm of Andisols are deeply affected by a convergent decrease of Al and Fe oxalate and pyrophosphate in soil extracts, carbon contents decrease from 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to less than 50 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the humid zone, from 70 to 40 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the dry zone and a reduction of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90retention capacity at \uffe2\uff88\uff9233 kPa matrix potential from 800 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to 200 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in humid zones, from 350 to less than 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in drier areas. They showed also a decrease in the macrostructure and the development of a highly water repellent microstructure. All these important transformations favour the development of aeolian erosion in dry areas, runoff on bare surfaces, and gully erosion on slopes. The role of the p\uffc3\uffa1ramo in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of this ecosystem seems to have been adversely affected for the future.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "COUVERT VEGETAL", "SOL", "EROSION", "HUMIDITE DU SOL", "PATURAGE", "CENDRE VOLCANIQUE", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "CAPACITE D'ECHANGE CATIONIQUE", "SUREXPLOITATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-01", "title": "Challenging Established Narratives On Soil Erosion And Shifting Cultivation In Laos", "description": "AbstractThe official environmental discourse in Laos describes a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cchain of degradation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d stretching from upland shifting cultivation, increased runoff and soil erosion to the siltation of wetlands and reservoirs. This perspective has had wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90ranging impacts on rural development policy which, in the uplands, has long favoured forest conservation over agriculture. Integrating soil erosion and water sediment data with local perceptions of land degradation in an upland village of northern Laos, this study tests the validity of the official environmental discourse. Biophysical measurements made in a small agricultural catchment indicate a significant correlation between the spatial extent of cultivation and soil erosion rates. However, sediment yields recorded at the outlet of the catchment highlight relatively low levels of off\uffe2\uff80\uff90site sediment exportation. Furthermore, farmers' perceptions suggest that local land degradation issues and crop yield declines could be less related to soil erosion than to agricultural land shortage, increased weed competition, and fertility losses resulting from the intensification of shifting cultivation. The study concludes that a better understanding and management of land degradation issues can be achieved by developing more inclusive and scientifically\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed approaches to environmental perceptions and narratives.
", "keywords": ["http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "SOL CULTIVE", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "culture itin\u00e9rante", "\u00e9rosion", "SEDIMENT", "POLITIQUE AGRICOLE", "SYSTEME DE REPRESENTATIONS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "conservation des for\u00eats", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3062", "for\u00eat", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374158672853", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2651", "intensification", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34823", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7168", "2. Zero hunger", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "AGRICULTEUR", "15. Life on land", "VILLAGE", "ruissellement", "6. Clean water", "JACHERE", "BASSIN VERSANT", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7038", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "13. Climate action", "conservation des sols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35388", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485", "d\u00e9gradation des terres", "EROSION HYDRIQUE", "impact sur l'environnement", "ROTATION DES CULTURES", "ZONE DE MONTAGNE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-18", "description": "Shifting cultivation is often described as \u201ctraditional\u201d, inflexible and outdated, in contrast with \u201cmodern\u201d, mechanised and chemical agriculture. This belief leads to overlooking farmer know-how, accumulated over generations to exploit natural resources while adapting itself to the mutations of the physical, social and economic environment.Research conducted in Phongsaly provides an idea about how complex and consistent a shifting cultivation system can be and how farmers optimise family labour but also limit their risks. External interventions\u2014policies, projects, etc.\u2014are aimed at improving the farmers\u2019 livelihood by converting their farming practices. When these interventions overlook how diversified slash-and-burn agriculture is, they often lead to oversimplifying the farming systems, impoverishing people and exposing them to natural and economic risks. These actions are then counterproductive. In the interest of the Lao nation, as a community, the policies and their implementation should be rethought so as to hold highland farmers of ethnic minorities in higher esteem and to widen the viewpoint, currently limited to a caricature of the mountains and forest, upheld by the culturally and politically dominant lowland inhabitants.", "keywords": ["Social Sciences", "culture de rente", "DS1-937", "01 natural sciences", "savoir-faire des agriculteurs", "utilisation des terres", "forest", "H", "deforestation", "agricultural policy", "farming systems", "0101 mathematics", "d\u00e9veloppement rural", "agriculture sur br\u00fblis", "politique agricole", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "d\u00e9forestation", "cash crop", "History of Asia", "1. No poverty", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "environnement", "slash-and-burn", "swidden agriculture", "for\u00eats", "agriculture itin\u00e9rante", "Laos", "farmer know-how", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "syst\u00e8mes agricoles", "rural development"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ducourtieux, Olivier", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4000/moussons.1887"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Moussons", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "name": "item", "description": "10.4000/moussons.1887", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4000/moussons.1887"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/287489", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-18", "title": "Aquatic carbon fluxes dampen the overall variation of net ecosystem productivity in the Amazon basin: An analysis of the interannual variability in the boundless carbon cycle", "description": "AbstractThe river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin.Lakes (including reservoirs) are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle, as acknowledged by the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. In the context of lakes, the boreal region is disproportionately important contributing to 27% of the worldwide lake area, despite representing just 14% of global land surface area. In this study, we used a statistical approach to derive a prediction equation\uffc2\uffa0for the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in lakes as a function of lake area, terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and precipitation (r2\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.56), and to create the first high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution, circumboreal map (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) of lake pCO2. The map of\uffc2\uffa0pCO2 was combined with lake area from the recently published GLOWABO database and three different estimates of the gas transfer velocity k to produce a resulting map of CO2 evasion (FCO2). For the boreal region, we estimate an average, lake area weighted, pCO2 of 966 (678\uffe2\uff80\uff931,325) \uffce\uffbcatm and a total\uffc2\uffa0FCO2 of 189 (74\uffe2\uff80\uff93347) Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and evaluate the corresponding uncertainties based on Monte Carlo simulation. Our estimate of FCO2 is approximately twofold greater than previous estimates, as a result of methodological and data source differences. We use our results along with published estimates of the other C fluxes through inland waters to derive a C budget for the boreal region, and find that FCO2 from lakes is the most significant flux of the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90ocean aquatic continuum, and of a similar magnitude as emissions from forest fires. Using the model and applying it to spatially resolved projections of terrestrial NPP and precipitation while keeping everything else constant, we predict a 107% increase in boreal lake FCO2 under emission scenario RCP8.5 by 2100. Our projections are largely driven by increases in terrestrial NPP over the same period, showing the very close connection between the terrestrial and aquatic C cycle.The damming of rivers represents one of the most far-reaching human modifications of the flows of water and associated matter from land to sea. Dam reservoirs are hotspots of sediment accumulation, primary productivity (P) and carbon mineralization (R) along the river continuum. Here we show that for the period 1970\uffe2\uff80\uff932030, global carbon mineralization in reservoirs exceeds carbon fixation (P<R); the global P/R ratio, however, varies significantly, from 0.20 to 0.58 because of the changing age distribution of dams. We further estimate that at the start of the twenty-first century, in-reservoir burial plus mineralization eliminated 4.0\uffc2\uffb10.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89Tmol per year (48\uffc2\uffb111 Tg C per year) or 13% of total organic carbon (OC) carried by rivers to the oceans. Because of the ongoing boom in dam building, in particular in emerging economies, this value could rise to 6.9\uffc2\uffb11.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89Tmol per year (83\uffc2\uffb118 Tg C per year) or 19% by 2030.The leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to the river network is an overlooked component of the terrestrial soil C budget. Measurements of DOC concentrations in soil, runoff and drainage are scarce and their spatial distribution highly skewed towards industrialized countries. The contribution of terrestrial DOC leaching to the global\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale C balance of terrestrial ecosystems thus remains poorly constrained. Here, using a process based, integrative, modelling approach to upscale from existing observations, we estimate a global terrestrial DOC leaching flux of 0.28\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.07\uffc2\uffa0Gt\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 which is conservative, as it only includes the contribution of mineral soils. Our results suggest that globally about 15% of the terrestrial Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP, calculated as the difference between Net Primary Production and soil respiration) is exported to aquatic systems as leached DOC. In the tropical rainforest, the leached fraction of terrestrial NEP even reaches 22%. Furthermore, we simulated spatial\uffe2\uff80\uff90temporal trends in DOC leaching from soil to the river networks from 1860 to 2010. We estimated a global increase in terrestrial DOC inputs to river network of 35\uffc2\uffa0Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (14%) from 1860 to 2010. Despite their low global contribution to the DOC leaching flux, boreal regions have the highest relative increase (28%) while tropics have the lowest relative increase (9%) over the historical period (1860s compared to 2000s). The results from our observationally constrained model approach demonstrate that DOC leaching is a significant flux in the terrestrial C budget at regional and global scales.
A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.
Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.
There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.
Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.
The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.
", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "550", "Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "QH301 Biology", "Knowledge management", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "02 engineering and technology", "soil processes", "01 natural sciences", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Sciences de la Terre", "Biological process", "ANZSRC::3707 Hydrology", "DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX", "SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR", "ANZSRC::4106 Soil sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "0503 Soil Sciences", "GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR", "Integration of knowledge", "Life sciences", "ANZSRC::050399 Soil Sciences not elsewhere classified", "synthetic-aperture radar", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "Knowledge and experience", "MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "knowledge integration", "570", "DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY", "Environmental Engineering", "Physique", " chimie", " math\u00e9matiques & sciences de la terre", "Scientific discipline", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil Science", "soil science", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Physical", " chemical", " mathematical & earth Sciences", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "Science disciplines", "PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS", "Feedback mechanisms", "mod\u00e9lisation", "ground-penetrating radar", "Science & Technology", "ANZSRC::080110 Simulation and Modelling", "15. Life on land", "Sciences de la terre & g\u00e9ographie physique", "multiple ecosystem services", "root water-uptake", "Observation and measurement", "DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL", "Quality of predictions", "SATURATED-UNSATURATED FLOW", "ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "sciences du sol", "HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", "4106 Soil sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "digital elevation model", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Sciences du vivant", "Uncertainty analysis", "0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Crop and Pasture Production", "101028 Mathematical modelling", "international soil modeling consortium", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Ecosystems", "Climate models", "QH301", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Life Science", "SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELS", "data integration", "sediment transport models", "approche ecosyst\u00e9mique", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "3707 Hydrology", "soil modeling", "ROOT WATER-UPTAKE", "SOLUTE TRANSPORT", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "Earth sciences & physical geography", "Soils", "101028 Mathematische Modellierung", "saturated-unsaturated flow", "Environmental Sciences", "root water-uptake", " sediment transport models", " diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " multiple ecosystem services", " saturated-unsaturated flow", " ground-penetrating radar", " synthetic-aperture radar", " digital elevation model", " organic-matter dynamics."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/263634/1/Vereecken%20VZJ%202016.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6976n34c/qt6976n34c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/6134", "name": "item", "description": "2164/6134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/223849", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Biogeochemistry of greenhouse gases in groundwater under agricultural area (the Geer catchment, Belgium)", "keywords": ["Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "Physique", " chimie", " math\u00e9matiques & sciences de la terre", "N2O", "Life sciences", "Geological", " petroleum & mining engineering", "Engineering", " computing & technology", "Sciences de la terre & g\u00e9ographie physique", "Ing\u00e9nierie", " informatique & technologie", "Physical", " chemical", " mathematical & earth Sciences", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "greenhouse gases", "groundwater", "Earth sciences & physical geography", "Sciences du vivant", "G\u00e9ologie", " ing\u00e9nierie du p\u00e9trole & des mines"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nikolenko, Olha, Orban, Philippe, Jamin, Pierre, Jurado, Anna, Borges, Alberto, Brouy\u00e8re, Serge,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/223849/1/EGU2018-16102-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/223849"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/223849", "name": "item", "description": "2268/223849", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/223849"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/224877", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-03", "title": "Noninvasive Imaging of Processes in Natural Porous Media: From Pore to Field Scale", "description": "Core Ideas
Noninvasive, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution imaging is important for visualizing water flow and transport processes.
Most important are X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray CT, MRI, and neutron CT.
Image processing techniques are mandatory for maximum benefit from the images.
Noninvasive, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution imaging techniques are important for visualizing water flow and transport processes in soils, which are natural porous media. They are a key to understanding effects such as crop production, water resource restoration, CO 2 sequestration, or the transport and fate of pollutants. During the last two decades, the development of three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional imaging techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR and MRI), X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography (CT), and neutron CT has made significant progress possible in the study of soil processes. This special section presents examples of X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray CT and NMR from the small\uffe2\uff80\uff90column scale to the application of portable NMR equipment in the field, along with some important advances in image processing that make it possible to extract optimal physical information from the original data.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "Life sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Sciences du vivant", "GE1-350"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/224877/1/vzj-17-1-180044.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421128/1/vzj_17_1_180044.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0044"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/224877"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/224877", "name": "item", "description": "2268/224877", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/224877"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/227432", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Dynamics of nitrous oxide in groundwater under agricultural areas: insights from multi-isotopic studies (15N, 34S, 18O, 13C, 3H)", "description": "Open AccessTransfer of GHGs in the soil \u2013 vadose zone \u2013 groundwater \u2013 river \u2013 atmosphere system", "keywords": ["Sciences aquatiques & oc\u00e9anologie", "Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "groundwater", "Sciences du vivant", "Aquatic sciences & oceanology", "Life sciences", "isotopes", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nikolenko, Olha, Orban, Philippe, Jurado, Anna, Borges, Alberto, Brouy\u00e8re, Serge,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/227432/1/abstract.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/227432"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/227432", "name": "item", "description": "2268/227432", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/227432"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/239471", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Analysing N sources and transformation processes in groundwater under agricultural areas (chalk aquifer, Belgium)", "description": "Transfer of GHGs in the soil \u2013 vadose zone \u2013 groundwater \u2013 river \u2013 atmosphere system", "keywords": ["Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "Physique", " chimie", " math\u00e9matiques & sciences de la terre", "Life sciences", "6. Clean water", "Geological", " petroleum & mining engineering", "Engineering", " computing & technology", "Ing\u00e9nierie", " informatique & technologie", "Sciences de la terre & g\u00e9ographie physique", "Physical", " chemical", " mathematical & earth Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Earth sciences & physical geography", "Sciences du vivant", "G\u00e9ologie", " ing\u00e9nierie du p\u00e9trole & des mines"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nikolenko, Olha, Borges, Alberto, Orban, Philippe, Brouy\u00e8re, Serge,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/239471/1/INSPIRATIONBulletin.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/239471"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/239471", "name": "item", "description": "2268/239471", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/239471"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/319017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-02-02", "title": "Potential alternative land covers on Earth", "description": "Preserving and restoring terrestrial ecosystems is crucial to halting the collapse of life on Earth. To guide global conservation and restoration efforts, we present a comprehensive map, encompassing all ecosystems, revealing the Earth's potential tree, short vegetation, and bareground cover accounting for various land management scenarios such as prescribed fire frequency and trophic rewilding. Our analysis indicates that 43% (5678 Mha) of lands could be covered by trees, 39% (5179 Mha) by shrubs and grasses, and 18% (2347 Mha) by bareground. Approximately 1070 Mha can support alternative land covers, emphasizing the need to consider diverse outcomes in landscape restoration. Our findings also suggest that management scenarios may significantly outweigh the average impact of climate change on resulting land covers, underscoring decision-makers' responsibility for nature\u2019s recovery and a sustainable future.
", "keywords": ["Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "13. Climate action", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Sciences du vivant", "15. Life on land", "Life sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/319017/1/f0711918-32be-409c-b64c-08360e4632ff.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/319017"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/319017", "name": "item", "description": "2268/319017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/319017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/334374", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-07-16", "title": "Global alternatives of natural vegetation cover", "description": "Preserving and restoring terrestrial ecosystems is essential to preventing the decline of life on Earth. To guide global conservation efforts, we present a detailed counterfactual map showing Earth\u2019s natural tree, short vegetation, and bare ground cover. This map accounts for environmental filtering along with realistic scenarios of fire frequency and wildlife herbivory. The most likely scenario suggests 43% (5669\u2009\u00b1\u200974 Mha) of land could support trees, 39% (5183\u2009\u00b1\u200986 Mha) shrubs and grasses, and 18% (2352\u2009\u00b1\u200959 Mha) bare ground. Adjustments in fire and herbivory could shift a minimum of 675 Mha of land, stressing the importance of considering alternative outcomes when restoring a landscape. Our findings also suggest that adjustments in fire frequency and wildlife herbivory could have a greater impact on natural vegetation than expected climate changes by 2050, highlighting decision-makers\u2019 responsibility to guide\u00a0conservation and restoration toward a sustainable and biodiverse future.", "keywords": ["Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Sciences du vivant", "Life sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/334374/1/Bastin%20%282025%29%20-%20Global%20alternative%20of%20vegetation%20cover.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2268/334374"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2268/334374", "name": "item", "description": "2268/334374", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2268/334374"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.78, 49.46], [2.78, 50.85], [6.41, 50.85], [6.41, 49.46], [2.78, 49.46]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Nature et environnement (autre)"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Usage des sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "agriculture"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "utilisation du sol"}, {"id": "fonction du sol"}, {"id": "sol"}, {"id": "facteur socio-\u00e9conomique"}, {"id": "terre agricole"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "politique agricole commune"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "WalOnMapNO"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}, {"id": "Open Data"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportail"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Demande d'aide g\u00e9ospatiale"}, {"id": "SIGC"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/IACSData"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Usage des sols"}, {"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"}, {"id": "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agriculture, p\u00eache, sylviculture et alimentation"}], "scheme": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/data-theme"}], "updated": "2025-03-26T09:11:08.651981Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-03-15", "language": "fre", "title": "INSPIRE - Anonymous Agricultural Parcellary 2022 in Wallonia (BE)", "description": "Cette s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es spatiales compile les informations du parcellaire agricole anonyme (situation 2022) faisant partie du th\u00e8me INSPIRE \"Usage des sols\" et portant sur le territoire wallon.\n\nLa Directive europ\u00e9enne 2007/2/CE - Directive INSPIRE - \u00e9tablit une infrastructure d'information g\u00e9ographique dans la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne. INSPIRE s'applique \u00e0 34 domaines th\u00e9matiques r\u00e9partis en 3 Annexes. La pr\u00e9sente s\u00e9rie comprend les couches de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l'usage des sols (Annexe 3.4).\n\nAu sens de la Directive, le th\u00e8me \"usage des sols\" couvre \"des territoires caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s selon leur dimension fonctionnelle pr\u00e9vue ou leur objet socio\u00e9conomique actuel et futur (par exemple, r\u00e9sidentiel, industriel, commercial, agricole, forestier, r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif)\".\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme (situation 2022) reprend l\u2019utilisation du sol dans les zones agricoles et foresti\u00e8res g\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le cadre de la mise \u0153uvre de la Politique Agricole Commune par l\u2019Organisme Payeur de Wallonie.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme repr\u00e9sente la version publique du parcellaire agricole. Il ne comprend donc pas d\u2019information \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel permettant d\u2019identifier l\u2019exploitant. Il est fourni sur une base annuelle. Les donn\u00e9es d'une ann\u00e9e de culture sont mises \u00e0 disposition du public dans le courant de l'ann\u00e9e suivante. La pr\u00e9sente version concerne l'ann\u00e9e culturale (mill\u00e9sime) 2022.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme localise, sous la forme de polygones, l\u2019emprise des parcelles agricoles exploit\u00e9es ainsi que la culture principale qui y est effectu\u00e9e, ce qui n\u2019exclut pas un usage \u00e9ventuel en interculture. Ce parcellaire est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Wallonie.\n\nLa culture principale pratiqu\u00e9e sur les parcelles agricoles est \u00e9tiquet\u00e9e et symbolis\u00e9e par un aplat de couleurs.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme est fourni \u00e0 titre indicatif, et sans garantie aucune, tant au niveau des limites que des informations attributaires. Les limites des parcelles sont bas\u00e9es sur une interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e8gles d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9s que doit suivre l'Organisme Payeur de Wallonie (OPW). Elles ne refl\u00e8tent pas les limites de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. En outre, la couche ne reprend pas les \u00e9ventuelles modifications du parcellaire agricole qui r\u00e9sultent d'adaptations ult\u00e9rieures requises par les r\u00e8gles de gestion, notamment dans le cadre de recours ou de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires.\n\nLa r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la gestion des aides agricoles reste le parcellaire agricole g\u00e9r\u00e9 par l'OPW. Cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ne fait pas l'objet d'une distribution publique.", "formats": [{"name": "GML (.gml)"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}, {"name": "OGC API - Features"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD:application/x-gmz"}], "keywords": ["Nature et environnement (autre)", "Nature et environnement", "Agriculture", "Usage des sols", "agriculture", "utilisation du sol", "fonction du sol", "sol", "facteur socio-\u00e9conomique", "terre agricole", "agriculture", "politique agricole commune", "WalOnMapNO", "Reporting INSPIRE", "Open Data", "PanierTelechargementGeoportail", "usage du sol", "Land Use", "usage existant du sol", "foresterie", "inspire", "SIGEC", "parcellaire agricole anonyme", "PAC", "existing land use", "ExistingLandUseDataSet", "ExistingLandUseObject", "farmland", "R\u00e9gional", "Demande d'aide g\u00e9ospatiale", "SIGC", "Usage des sols", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation", "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive", "Agriculture", " p\u00eache", " sylviculture et alimentation"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - OPW Organisme Payeur de Wallonie - Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "beatrice.leteinturier@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "title_alternate": "Landuse", "denominator": "10000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/LU_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lu/ogc/features/v1/openapi", "name": "Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement OGC API Features", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service OGC API Features permettant de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la donn\u00e9e \"Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE)\".", "protocol": "OGC API - Features", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lu/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "INSPIRE - Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geodata.wallonie.be/dataset/2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2", "name": "Page de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement des donn\u00e9es", "description": "Page \u00e0 partir de laquelle vous avez acc\u00e8s au t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement direct de la donn\u00e9e", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geotraitement/spwdatadownload/get/2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2/LU_ExistingLandUse_SIGEC2022.gml.zip", "name": "INSPIRE - Parcellaire agricole anonyme 2022 en Wallonie (BE) - ETRS89 / LAEA Europe", "description": "INSPIRE - Parcellaire agricole anonyme bas\u00e9es sur le LPIS de 2022 en Wallonie (BE) dans le syst\u00e8me de coordonn\u00e9es ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (EPSG:3035)", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD:application/x-gmz", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2/attachments/lu_pic.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2", "name": "item", "description": "2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2a0d9be0-ac3d-443e-9db0-a7cfb0f128e2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2025-03-26T09:11:08Z"}}, {"id": "2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.78, 49.46], [2.78, 50.85], [6.41, 50.85], [6.41, 49.46], [2.78, 49.46]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et activit\u00e9s"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}, {"id": "Sol et sous-sol"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Occupation des terres"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "agriculture"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "occupation du sol"}, {"id": "exploitation agricole"}, {"id": "culture de champ"}, {"id": "politique agricole commune"}, {"id": "prairie"}, {"id": "exploitation de la terre agricole"}, {"id": "champ"}, {"id": "culture"}, {"id": "politique agricole"}, {"id": "terre agricole"}, {"id": "affectation des sols"}, {"id": "produit agricole"}, {"id": "agriculture"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Extraction_DIG"}, {"id": "DDW"}, {"id": "DGO3_BDREF"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportail"}, {"id": "WalOnMap"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}, {"id": "Open Data"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "SIGC"}, {"id": "SIPA"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/IACSData"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Occupation des terres"}, {"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive"}, {"id": "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agriculture, p\u00eache, sylviculture et alimentation"}], "scheme": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/data-theme"}], "updated": "2025-12-02T09:42:06.117407Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-12-07", "language": "fre", "title": "INSPIRE - Agricultural areas based on the 2017 LPIS in Wallonia (BE)", "description": "Le parcellaire agricole anonyme (situation 2017) reprend l\u2019utilisation du sol dans les zones agricoles et foresti\u00e8res g\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le cadre de la mise \u0153uvre de la Politique Agricole Commune par l\u2019Organisme Payeur de Wallonie.\n\nCette donn\u00e9e est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e ici dans sa version conforme INSPIRE. Elle est issue des parcelles agricoles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (Land Parcel Information System = LPIS) dans le cadre de la politique agricole commune.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme repr\u00e9sente la version publique du parcellaire agricole. Il ne comprend donc pas d\u2019information \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel permettant d\u2019identifier l\u2019exploitant. Il est fourni sur une base annuelle. Les donn\u00e9es d'une ann\u00e9e de culture sont mises \u00e0 disposition du public dans le courant de l'ann\u00e9e suivante. La pr\u00e9sente version concerne l'ann\u00e9e culturale (mill\u00e9sime) 2017.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme localise, sous la forme de polygones, l\u2019emprise des parcelles agricoles exploit\u00e9es ainsi que la culture principale qui y est effectu\u00e9e. L\u2019utilisation est renseign\u00e9e par la culture principale, ce qui n\u2019exclut pas un usage \u00e9ventuel en interculture. Ce parcellaire est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Wallonie.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme est fourni \u00e0 titre indicatif, et sans garantie aucune, tant au niveau des limites que des informations attributaires. Les limites des parcelles sont bas\u00e9es sur une interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e8gles d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9s que doit suivre l'Organisme Payeur de Wallonie (OPW). Elles ne refl\u00e8tent pas les limites de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. En outre, la couche ne reprend pas les \u00e9ventuelles modifications du parcellaire agricole qui r\u00e9sultent d'adaptations ult\u00e9rieures requises par les r\u00e8gles de gestion, notamment dans le cadre de recours ou de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires.", "formats": [{"name": "GML (.gml)"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}, {"name": "OGC API - Features"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD:application/x-gmz"}], "keywords": ["Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et activit\u00e9s", "Agriculture", "Sol et sous-sol", "Nature et environnement", "Occupation des terres", "agriculture", "occupation du sol", "exploitation agricole", "culture de champ", "politique agricole commune", "prairie", "exploitation de la terre agricole", "champ", "culture", "politique agricole", "terre agricole", "affectation des sols", "produit agricole", "agriculture", "Extraction_DIG", "DDW", "DGO3_BDREF", "PanierTelechargementGeoportail", "WalOnMap", "Reporting INSPIRE", "Open Data", "Agriculture", "Land Parcel Identification System", "Syst\u00e8me d\u2019identification du parcellaire agricole", "OPW", "parcellaire", "anonyme", "PAC", "interculture", "sp\u00e9culation", "SIGEC", "land", "Agricultural area", "R\u00e9gional", "SIGC", "SIPA", "Occupation des terres", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive", "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation", "Agriculture", " p\u00eache", " sylviculture et alimentation"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - OPW Organisme Payeur de Wallonie - Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "beatrice.leteinturier@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "title_alternate": "INSPIRE_SIGEC_PARC_AGRI_ANON__2017", "denominator": "5000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lc/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "INSPIRE- Occupation des terres en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "description": "Ce service de visualisation WMS-INSPIRE permet de consulter la s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es conforme au th\u00e8me INSPIRE \"Occupation des terres\".", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "browsing"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/LC_Service.xml", "name": "Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement ATOM Feed - Inspire - Occupation des terres", "description": "Ce service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement ATOM Feed permet de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es conforme au th\u00e8me INSPIRE \"Occupation des terres\".", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lc/ogc/features/v1/openapi", "name": "Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement OGC API Features", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service OGC API Features permettant de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la donn\u00e9e \"Occupation des terres en Wallonie (BE)\".", "protocol": "OGC API - Features", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geodata.wallonie.be/dataset/2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48", "name": "Page de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement des donn\u00e9es", "description": "Page \u00e0 partir de laquelle vous avez acc\u00e8s au t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement direct de la donn\u00e9e", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geotraitement/spwdatadownload/get/2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48/LC_AgriculturalArea_LPIS_2017.gml.zip", "name": "INSPIRE - Surfaces agricloles bas\u00e9es sur le LPIS de 2017 en Wallonie (BE) - ETRS89 / LAEA Europe", "description": "INSPIRE - Surfaces agricloles bas\u00e9es sur le LPIS de 2017 en Wallonie (BE) dans le syst\u00e8me de coordon\u00e9nes ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (EPSG:3035)", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD:application/x-gmz", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48/attachments/LC.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48", "name": "item", "description": "2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2f225125-1309-45b3-804c-204f62808f48"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-01-01T01:01:01Z", "2016-12-31T23:59:59Z"]}}, {"id": "2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.78, 49.46], [2.78, 50.85], [6.41, 50.85], [6.41, 49.46], [2.78, 49.46]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Nature et environnement (autre)"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Usage des sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "agriculture"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "facteur socio-\u00e9conomique"}, {"id": "terre agricole"}, {"id": "politique agricole commune"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "fonction du sol"}, {"id": "utilisation du sol"}, {"id": "sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "WalOnMapNO"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportail"}, {"id": "Open Data"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "SIGC"}, {"id": "Demande d'aide g\u00e9ospatiale"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/IACSData"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}, {"id": "Usage des sols"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"}, {"id": "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Agriculture, p\u00eache, sylviculture et alimentation"}], "scheme": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/data-theme"}], "updated": "2025-08-06T13:36:47.90966Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-03-13", "language": "fre", "title": "INSPIRE - Anonymous Agricultural Parcellary 2018 in Wallonia (BE)", "description": "Cette s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es spatiales compilent les informations du parcellaire agricole anonyme (situation 2018) faisant partie du th\u00e8me INSPIRE \"Usage des sols\" et portant sur le territoire wallon.\n\nLa Directive europ\u00e9enne 2007/2/CE - Directive INSPIRE - \u00e9tablit une infrastructure d'information g\u00e9ographique dans la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne. INSPIRE s'applique \u00e0 34 domaines th\u00e9matiques r\u00e9partis en 3 Annexes. La pr\u00e9sente s\u00e9rie comprend les couches de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l'usage des sols (Annexe 3.4).\n\nAu sens de la Directive, le th\u00e8me \"usage des sols\" couvrent \"des territoires caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s selon leur dimension fonctionnelle pr\u00e9vue ou leur objet socio\u00e9conomique actuel et futur (par exemple, r\u00e9sidentiel, industriel, commercial, agricole, forestier, r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif)\".\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme (situation 2018) reprend l\u2019utilisation du sol dans les zones agricoles et foresti\u00e8res g\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le cadre de la mise \u0153uvre de la Politique Agricole Commune par l\u2019Organisme Payeur de Wallonie.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme repr\u00e9sente la version publique du parcellaire agricole. Il ne comprend donc pas d\u2019information \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel permettant d\u2019identifier l\u2019exploitant. Il est fourni sur une base annuelle. Les donn\u00e9es d'une ann\u00e9e de culture sont mises \u00e0 disposition du public dans le courant de l'ann\u00e9e suivante. La pr\u00e9sente version concerne l'ann\u00e9e culturale (mill\u00e9sime) 2018.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme localise, sous la forme de polygones, l\u2019emprise des parcelles agricoles exploit\u00e9es ainsi que la culture principale qui y est effectu\u00e9e, ce qui n\u2019exclut pas un usage \u00e9ventuel en interculture. Ce parcellaire est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Wallonie.\n\nLa culture principale pratiqu\u00e9e sur les parcelles agricoles est \u00e9tiquet\u00e9e et symbolis\u00e9e par un aplat de couleurs.\n\nLe parcellaire agricole anonyme est fourni \u00e0 titre indicatif, et sans garantie aucune, tant au niveau des limites que des informations attributaires. Les limites des parcelles sont bas\u00e9es sur une interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e8gles d'\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9s que doit suivre l'Organisme Payeur de Wallonie (OPW). Elles ne refl\u00e8tent pas les limites de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. En outre, la couche ne reprend pas les \u00e9ventuelles modifications du parcellaire agricole qui r\u00e9sultent d'adaptations ult\u00e9rieures requises par les r\u00e8gles de gestion, notamment dans le cadre de recours ou de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires.\n\nLa r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la gestion des aides agricoles reste le parcellaire agricole g\u00e9r\u00e9 par l'OPW. Cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ne fait pas l'objet d'une distribution publique.", "formats": [{"name": "GML (.gml)"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}, {"name": "OGC API - Features"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}], "keywords": ["Nature et environnement (autre)", "Agriculture", "Nature et environnement", "Usage des sols", "agriculture", "facteur socio-\u00e9conomique", "terre agricole", "politique agricole commune", "agriculture", "fonction du sol", "utilisation du sol", "sol", "WalOnMapNO", "Reporting INSPIRE", "PanierTelechargementGeoportail", "Open Data", "usage du sol", "Land Use", "usage existant du sol", "foresterie", "inspire", "SIGEC", "parcellaire agricole anonyme", "PAC", "existing land use", "ExistingLandUseDataSet", "ExistingLandUseObject", "farmland", "R\u00e9gional", "SIGC", "Demande d'aide g\u00e9ospatiale", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "Usage des sols", "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation", "2007/2/EC - INSPIRE Directive", "Agriculture", " p\u00eache", " sylviculture et alimentation"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement de la G\u00e9omatique - Direction de l'Int\u00e9gration des g\u00e9odonn\u00e9es)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - OPW Organisme Payeur de Wallonie - Direction de l\u2019Identification et des Surfaces)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "beatrice.leteinturier@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "title_alternate": "Landuse", "denominator": "10000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/LU_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lu/ogc/features/v1/openapi", "name": "Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement OGC API Features", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service OGC API Features permettant de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la donn\u00e9e \"Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE)\".", "protocol": "OGC API - Features", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_lu/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "INSPIRE - Usage des sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geodata.wallonie.be/dataset/2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323", "name": "Page de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement des donn\u00e9es", "description": "Page \u00e0 partir de laquelle vous avez acc\u00e8s au t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement direct de la donn\u00e9e", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323/attachments/lu_pic.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323", "name": "item", "description": "2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2f747a5b-0278-43b7-91a6-d3b2d2b52323"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2025-08-06T13:36:47Z"}}, {"id": "38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.75, 49.45], [2.75, 50.85], [6.5, 50.85], [6.5, 49.45], [2.75, 49.45]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sol et sous-sol"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}, {"id": "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "ressources"}, {"id": "sol"}, {"id": "g\u00e9ographie"}, {"id": "zones naturelles, paysages, \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "carte p\u00e9dologique"}, {"id": "sciences du sol"}, {"id": "carte"}, {"id": "cartographie"}, {"id": "sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Extraction_DIGNO"}, {"id": "Open DataNO"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportail"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}], "rights": "Conditions d'acc\u00e8s et d'utilisation sp\u00e9cifiques", "updated": "2023-06-21T06:17:03.315Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2005-06-01", "language": "fre", "title": "Digital Map of the Soils of Wallonia", "description": "Reproduction num\u00e9rique des planchettes de la Carte des Sols de la Belgique couvrant le territoire wallon, en ce compris les planchettes non \u00e9dit\u00e9es.\n\nLa Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie (CNSW ou CNSW__SIGLES_20) est la reproduction num\u00e9rique des planchettes de la Carte des Sols de la Belgique couvrant le territoire wallon, en ce compris les planchettes non \u00e9dit\u00e9es. C\u2019est ainsi plus de 500.000 plages de sols qui sont reprises sous forme de polygones (couche vectorielle). Plus de 6000 unit\u00e9s de sols constituent la l\u00e9gende de la carte, auxquelles se rattachent les plages de sols. Ces unit\u00e9s sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sous forme de sigles form\u00e9s de la concat\u00e9nation de symboles, chacun d\u00e9livrant une information de nature essentiellement morphologique sur les sols. \n\nL\u2019unit\u00e9 cartographique de base de la l\u00e9gende de la CNSW est la s\u00e9rie principale d\u00e9finie par 3 ou 4 caract\u00e9ristiques majeures : texture, drainage naturel, pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un horizon diagnostique ; nature et importance de la charge en \u00e9l\u00e9ments grossiers. L\u2019ajout de symboles en pr\u00e9fixe (s\u00e9rie d\u00e9riv\u00e9e) ou en suffixe (variante ou phase) permet de pr\u00e9ciser certaines caract\u00e9ristiques secondaires, telles que la nature et la profondeur d\u2019apparition d\u2019un substrat diff\u00e9rent, des particularit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au mat\u00e9riau parental, au d\u00e9veloppement de profil, \u00e0 des influences anthropiques ou \u00e0 la position topographique.\n\nLa version 1.3 (f\u00e9vrier 2021) comprend, outre les champs existants dans la version pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, un nouveau champ pr\u00e9cisant le pourcentage estim\u00e9 de la charge caillouteuse en surface. Cette information est utile pour des questions touchant notamment \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion ou \u00e0 la fertilisation. Cette information provient du dire d\u2019experts et est susceptible d\u2019\u00e9volution dans les versions ult\u00e9rieures de la couche.\n\nLa couche de donn\u00e9es est identifi\u00e9e sous le label \"S\u00e9ries, Variantes, Phases\".", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI Shapefile (.shp)"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}], "keywords": ["Sol et sous-sol", "Nature et environnement", "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire", "Agriculture", "Sols", "ressources", "sol", "g\u00e9ographie", "zones naturelles", " paysages", " \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes", "carte p\u00e9dologique", "sciences du sol", "carte", "cartographie", "sol", "Extraction_DIGNO", "Open DataNO", "PanierTelechargementGeoportail", "Reporting INSPIRE", "Substrat", "Texture", "Argile", "Limon", "Sable", "Drainage", "Hydromorphie", "Horizon", "Charge", "Cailloux", "s\u00e9rie", "variante", "phase", "Agriculture", "Fertilit\u00e9", "Nitrate", "Pollution", "Environnement", "Erosion", "G\u00e9nie civil", "Foresterie", "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire", "R\u00e9gional", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "2023/138"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction du d\u00e9veloppement rural (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement du D\u00e9veloppement, de la Ruralit\u00e9 et des Cours d'eau et du Bien-\u00eatre animal - Direction du D\u00e9veloppement rural)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "carto.drce.dgarne@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "title_alternate": "CNSW__SIGLES_20", "denominator": "20000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a/attachments/LCNSW_V2.pdf", "name": "L\u00e9gende compl\u00e8te de la CNSW", "description": "L\u00e9gende compl\u00e8te de la CNSW - Livret synth\u00e9tique qui commente la structure et le contenu de la l\u00e9gende de la Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie. Il reprend et d\u00e9finit tous les symboles qui composent les sigles : ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 connus ainsi que les modifications et ajouts apport\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux-ci dans le cadre de la num\u00e9risation de la Carte des Sols de la Belgique, partie wallonne.", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "information.portrayal"}, {"href": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be/walonmap/#ADU=https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/rest/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CNSW/MapServer%7c%7c%5b2%5d", "name": "Application WalOnMap - Toute la Wallonie \u00e0 la carte", "description": "Application cartographique du Geoportail (WalOnMap) qui permet de d\u00e9couvrir les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques de la Wallonie.", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "http://geoapps.wallonie.be/Cigale/Public/#CTX=CNSW", "name": "Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie - Application", "description": "Application d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 consultation de la Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie. Cette application fait partie du portail \"Vue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur l'environnement (CIGALE)\"", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "browsing"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/rest/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CNSW/MapServer/2", "name": "Service de visualisation ESRI-REST", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service de visualisation ESRI-REST des donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie.", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CNSW/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "Service de visualisation WMS", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service de visualisation WMS des donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 la Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie.", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/INSPIRE/WMS/SO/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/SO_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a/attachments/LCNSW_TableauSimplifie.pdf", "name": "L\u00e9gende simplifi\u00e9e de la CNSW", "description": "L\u00e9gende simplifi\u00e9e de la CNSW", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a/attachments/vignette_CNSW20.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/bd0ae685-6c94-4e8e-8ac3-c8efc57fb666", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a", "name": "item", "description": "38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/38c2a87e-d38a-4359-9899-9d4a6b9f0c2a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1947-01-01T00:00:00Z", "1991-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3e6fd1ad-df77-4bb3-809d-30274dd09506", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.75, 49.45], [2.75, 50.85], [6.5, 50.85], [6.5, 49.45], [2.75, 49.45]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire (autre)"}, {"id": "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire"}, {"id": "Sol et sous-sol"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "g\u00e9ographie"}, {"id": "zones naturelles, paysages, \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes"}, {"id": "ressources"}, {"id": "sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "carte p\u00e9dologique"}, {"id": "sciences du sol"}, {"id": "carte"}, {"id": "cartographie"}, {"id": "sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Extraction_DIGNO"}, {"id": "WalOnMapNO"}, {"id": "Open DataNO"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportail"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}], "rights": "Conditions d'acc\u00e8s et d'utilisation sp\u00e9cifiques", "updated": "2024-11-29T07:35:55.095651Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-09-11", "language": "fre", "title": "INSPIRE - Digital Soil Map in Wallonia (BE)", "description": "Cette donn\u00e9e INSPIRE reproduit les planchettes de la Carte des Sols de la Belgique couvrant le territoire wallon, en ce compris les planchettes non \u00e9dit\u00e9es.\n\nCette donn\u00e9e au format conforme INSPIRE est issue de la donn\u00e9e Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie \n\nLa Carte Num\u00e9rique des Sols de Wallonie (CNSW ou CNSW__SIGLES_20) est la reproduction num\u00e9rique des planchettes de la Carte des Sols de la Belgique couvrant le territoire wallon, en ce compris les planchettes non \u00e9dit\u00e9es. C\u2019est ainsi plus de 500.000 plages de sols qui sont reprises sous forme de polygones (couche vectorielle). Plus de 6000 unit\u00e9s de sols constituent la l\u00e9gende de la carte, auxquelles se rattachent les plages de sols. Ces unit\u00e9s sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sous forme de sigles form\u00e9s de la concat\u00e9nation de symboles, chacun d\u00e9livrant une information de nature essentiellement morphologique sur les sols. \n\nL\u2019unit\u00e9 cartographique de base de la l\u00e9gende de la CNSW est la s\u00e9rie principale d\u00e9finie par 3 ou 4 caract\u00e9ristiques majeures : texture, drainage naturel, pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un horizon diagnostique ; nature et importance de la charge en \u00e9l\u00e9ments grossiers. L\u2019ajout de symboles en pr\u00e9fixe (s\u00e9rie d\u00e9riv\u00e9e) ou en suffixe (variante ou phase) permet de pr\u00e9ciser certaines caract\u00e9ristiques secondaires, telles que la nature et la profondeur d\u2019apparition d\u2019un substrat diff\u00e9rent, des particularit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au mat\u00e9riau parental, au d\u00e9veloppement de profil, \u00e0 des influences anthropiques ou \u00e0 la position topographique.\n\nLa version 1.3 (f\u00e9vrier 2021) comprend, outre les champs existants dans la version pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, un nouveau champ pr\u00e9cisant le pourcentage estim\u00e9 de la charge caillouteuse en surface. Cette information est utile pour des questions touchant notamment \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion ou \u00e0 la fertilisation. Cette information provient du dire d\u2019experts et est susceptible d\u2019\u00e9volution dans les versions ult\u00e9rieures de la couche.\n\nLa couche de donn\u00e9es est identifi\u00e9e sous le label \"S\u00e9ries, Variantes, Phases\".", "formats": [{"name": "GML (.gml)"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}], "keywords": ["Am\u00e9nagement du territoire (autre)", "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire", "Sol et sous-sol", "Nature et environnement", "Agriculture", "Sols", "g\u00e9ographie", "zones naturelles", " paysages", " \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes", "ressources", "sol", "carte p\u00e9dologique", "sciences du sol", "carte", "cartographie", "sol", "Extraction_DIGNO", "WalOnMapNO", "Open DataNO", "PanierTelechargementGeoportail", "Reporting INSPIRE", "Substrat", "Texture", "Argile", "Limon", "Sable", "Drainage", "Hydromorphie", "Horizon", "Charge", "Cailloux", "s\u00e9rie", "variante", "phase", "Agriculture", "Fertilit\u00e9", "Nitrate", "Pollution", "Environnement", "Erosion", "G\u00e9nie civil", "Foresterie", "Am\u00e9nagement du territoire", "R\u00e9gional", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction du d\u00e9veloppement rural (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement du D\u00e9veloppement, de la Ruralit\u00e9 et des Cours d'eau et du Bien-\u00eatre animal - Direction du D\u00e9veloppement rural)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "carto.drce.dgarne@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}], "title_alternate": "SO.SoilBody.CNSW__SIGLES_20", "denominator": "20000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_so/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/SO_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/3e6fd1ad-df77-4bb3-809d-30274dd09506/attachments/SO.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3e6fd1ad-df77-4bb3-809d-30274dd09506", "name": "item", "description": "3e6fd1ad-df77-4bb3-809d-30274dd09506", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3e6fd1ad-df77-4bb3-809d-30274dd09506"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1947-01-01T00:00:00Z", "1991-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "3f7c8f9f-b1be-4eb6-a9e2-7bdacf35dd58-bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:22:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Cadastre of contaminated sites on civil aerodromes (CCS FOCA)", "description": "Public register of contaminated sites within the perimeter of civil aerodromes. This includes information about the location, type and quantity of waste, the period of deposition, as well as conducted studies and measures. The following types of sites can be distinguished: operating site, accident site and deposition site.", "formats": [{"name": "REST"}], "keywords": ["aerodrome", "aerodromo", "aeroport", "aeroporto", "air-navigation", "airfield", "airport", "altlast", "aufbewahrungs-und-archivierungsplanung-aap-bund", "belasteter-standort", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "boden", "ch", "conservation-and-archiving-planning-aap-confederation", "discarica-dismessa", "environmental-monitoring-facilities", "flughafen", "flugplatz", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "geobasisdaten", "geodati-di-base", "geodonnees-de-base", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "impianti-di-monitoraggio-ambientale", "installations-de-suivi-environnemental", "luftfahrt", "navigation-aerienne", "navigazione-aerea", "official-geodata", "old-hazardous-site", "pianificazione-della-conservazione-e-dellarchiviazione-aap-confederazione", "planification-de-la-conservation-et-de-larchivage-aap-confederation", "polluted-site", "site-ancien-dangereux", "site-pollue", "sito-inquinato", "soil", "sols", "suolo", "umweltuberwachung"], "contacts": [{"organization": "florian.parvex@bazl.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://www.bazl.admin.ch/bazl/de/home.html", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://api3.geo.admin.ch/rest/services/api/MapServer/ch.bazl.kataster-belasteter-standorte-zivilflugplaetze"}, {"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/ch.bazl.kataster-belasteter-standorte-zivilflugplaetze/"}, {"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/ch.bazl.kataster-belasteter-standorte-zivilflugplaetze/data.zip"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?lang=de&layers=ch.bazl.kataster-belasteter-standorte-zivilflugplaetze"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.bazl.admin.ch/bazl/de/home/infrastruktur/flugplaetze/kataster-der-belasteten-standorte-auf-zivilflugplaetzen--kbs-baz.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/3f7c8f9f-b1be-4eb6-a9e2-7bdacf35dd58-bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3f7c8f9f-b1be-4eb6-a9e2-7bdacf35dd58-bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl", "name": "item", "description": "3f7c8f9f-b1be-4eb6-a9e2-7bdacf35dd58-bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3f7c8f9f-b1be-4eb6-a9e2-7bdacf35dd58-bundesamt-fur-zivilluftfahrt-bazl"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "530b194d-5f66-482f-b536-22db24249f91", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.75, 49.45], [2.75, 50.85], [6.5, 50.85], [6.5, 49.45], [2.75, 49.45]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Nature et environnement"}, {"id": "Sol et sous-sol"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "dynamique naturelle"}, {"id": "biologie"}, {"id": "sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "biologie du sol"}, {"id": "for\u00eat"}, {"id": "cycle du carbone"}, {"id": "d\u00e9terioration du sol"}, {"id": "organisme du sol"}, {"id": "structure du sol"}, {"id": "carbone organique"}, {"id": "d\u00e9gradation du sol"}, {"id": "fertilit\u00e9 du sol"}, {"id": "carbone"}, {"id": "mati\u00e8re organique"}, {"id": "chimie des sols"}, {"id": "sol"}, {"id": "prairie"}, {"id": "carbone organique total"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "BDInfraSIG"}, {"id": "Extraction_DIG"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}, {"id": "WalOnMap"}, {"id": "Open Data"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportailNO"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}], "rights": "Conditions d'acc\u00e8s et d'utilisation sp\u00e9cifiques", "updated": "2023-06-21T06:18:06.216Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2016-12-30", "language": "fre", "title": "CARBIOSOL - Total organic carbon stocks - period 2005-2014", "description": "Cette couche de donn\u00e9es spatialise les stocks de Carbone Organique total (COT) des sols agricoles du territoire wallon.\n\nLa qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un sol peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de divers param\u00e8tres physiques, chimiques ou biologiques. Le Carbone Organique total des sols (COT), qui constitue plus de 50% de la masse de la mati\u00e8re organique du sol, est reconnu comme ayant la plus grande influence sur leur qualit\u00e9, et est le plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9 actuellement de par son importance comme puits dans le cycle global du carbone.\n\nLa spatialisation des stocks de COT (et des incertitudes associ\u00e9es) apparaissent donc essentielles pour :\n- d\u00e9tecter les tendances de gains ou de pertes en COT. Ce point est \u00e0 mettre en relation avec les r\u00e9centes et futures politiques (europ\u00e9ennes ou globales) en mati\u00e8re de qualit\u00e9 des sols;\n- localiser les zones sensibles (\u00e0 faible niveau de COT) o\u00f9 prioriser la mise en place de pratiques de conservation.\n\nLa cartographie des stocks en Carbone Organique Total des sols sous cultures et en prairies permanentes a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2016 par une m\u00e9thode de mod\u00e9lisation spatiale d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans le cadre de la convention CARBIOSOL. Le r\u00e9sultat en sortie du mod\u00e8le est une couche raster des stocks de COT (dans les trente premiers centim\u00e8tres du sol) \u00e0 40 m\u00e8tres de r\u00e9solution et spatialement continue sur l'ensemble du territoire agricole wallon. \n\nPour plus de d\u00e9tails sur la constitution des couches cartographiques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le cadre du projet CARBIOSOL, veuillez-vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 la fiche de m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es documentant la s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es.\n\nPour l'\u00e9tude relative aux stocks de COT, les donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9es en entr\u00e9e du mod\u00e8le sont :\n- des mesures (observations) de stock de carbone organique total du sol en chaque site d'\u00e9chantillonnage du r\u00e9seau de surveillance des sols (RSS) CARBOSOL pour la p\u00e9riode 2005-2014. Le stock de COT est calcul\u00e9 suivant une relation consid\u00e9rant i) la profondeur d'\u00e9chantillonnage (m), ii) la teneur en carbone organique total (COT - %C) dans le sol, iii) la proportion volumique en \u00e9l\u00e9ments grossiers et iv) la densit\u00e9 apparente de l'horizon (kg/cm\u00b3).\n\n- les co-variables environnementales : l'altitude, les temp\u00e9ratures et pr\u00e9cipitations, l'occupation du sol, des param\u00e8tres connus des sols (classe de drainage naturel, fractions granulom\u00e9triques, etc.). Ces facteurs ont une influence potentielle sur les stocks de carbone organique.\n\nLes stocks sont exprim\u00e9s en M\u00e9gagramme de Carbone par hectare (MgC/ha). Ils sont utilis\u00e9s pour r\u00e9aliser des bilans Carbone au niveau r\u00e9gional ainsi que pour du reporting europ\u00e9en et mondial.", "formats": [{"name": "TIFF (.tif"}, {"name": " .tiff)"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}], "keywords": ["Nature et environnement", "Sol et sous-sol", "Sols", "dynamique naturelle", "biologie", "sol", "biologie du sol", "for\u00eat", "cycle du carbone", "d\u00e9terioration du sol", "organisme du sol", "structure du sol", "carbone organique", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "carbone", "mati\u00e8re organique", "chimie des sols", "sol", "prairie", "carbone organique total", "BDInfraSIG", "Extraction_DIG", "Reporting INSPIRE", "WalOnMap", "Open Data", "PanierTelechargementGeoportailNO", "Digital Soil Mapping", "carbiosol", "carbosol", "teneur en carbone", "Aardewerk", "horizon de surface", "sol", "COSW", "DTM", "mod\u00e9lisation", "COT", "CO2", "horizon de sol", "R\u00e9gional", "Observation de la terre et environnement", "2023/138"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction de la Protection des Sols (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement du Sol et des D\u00e9chets - Direction de la Protection des Sols)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "esther.goidts@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": "Caroline Chartin", "organization": "Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute (UCL - ELI)", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "caroline.chartin@uclouvain.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Cellule SIG du SPW ARNE (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement de l'\u00c9tude du milieu naturel et agricole - Direction de la Coordination des Donn\u00e9es)", "position": null, "roles": ["processor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sig.dgarne@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute (UCL - ELI)", "roles": ["creator"]}], "title_alternate": "Stocks de COT MgC / ha - 2005-2014", "distancevalue": "90", "distanceuom": "m"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be/walonmap/#ADU=https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/rest/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CARBIOSOL/MapServer%7c%7c%5b7%5d", "name": "Application WalOnMap - Toute la Wallonie \u00e0 la carte", "description": "Application cartographique du Geoportail (WalOnMap) qui permet de d\u00e9couvrir les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques de la Wallonie.", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/rest/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CARBIOSOL/MapServer/7", "name": "Service de visualisation ESRI-REST", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service de visualisation ESRI-REST de la couche de donn\u00e9es CARBIOSOL - Stocks en Carbone organique total des sols - p\u00e9riode 2005-2014", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CARBIOSOL/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "Service de visualisation WMS", "description": "Adresse de connexion au service de visualisation WMS de la couche de donn\u00e9es CARBIOSOL - Stocks en Carbone organique total des sols - p\u00e9riode 2005-2014", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2016.12.006", "name": "Stocks en Carbone organique total des sols - Article Scientifique", "description": "Mapping Soil Organic Carbon stocks and estimating uncertainties at the regional scale following a legacy sampling strategy (Southern Belgium, Wallonia).", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/INSPIRE/WMS/SO/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/SO_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/530b194d-5f66-482f-b536-22db24249f91/attachments/CARBIOSOL__COT_STOCKS_2005_2014.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "530b194d-5f66-482f-b536-22db24249f91", "name": "item", "description": "530b194d-5f66-482f-b536-22db24249f91", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/530b194d-5f66-482f-b536-22db24249f91"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2004-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf414", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-04-09T10:14:37.094", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Historical method of land use - year 1955", "description": "Breakdown of the territory according to the land cover method (MOS) in 1955. The land use method has six classes on a single level: artificial hydrographic surface; natural hydrographic surface; transport infrastructure; agricultural area; artificialised territory; natural terrain. This data was produced by a photointerpretation work carried out in 2012 on the basis of the aerial photo of the same vintage (HAV_HISTO.CODAH_PHOTO1955_PNAT).", "formats": [{"name": "DXF"}], "keywords": ["1955", "adresse", "agricole", "agriculture", "archive", "bec", "carte", "cauville", "caux", "dame", "donnees", "environnement", "epouville", "estuaire", "fontaine", "fontenay", "fr", "gainneville", "gonfreville", "harfleur", "havre", "histoire", "historique", "hydrographie", "lorcher", "mallet", "maneglise", "mannevillette", "manoir", "maritime", "martin", "mer", "montivilliers", "mos", "naturel", "normandie", "notre", "occupation", "octeville", "ouvertes", "pays", "paysage", "rogerville", "rolleville", "saint", "sainte", "seine", "sol", "sur", "terrain", "transport", "urbanisme", "utilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/organizations/59bfa079c751df6dad38dc0d/", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/0f74e416-ebb3-4fc1-87e1-d9d1d76ff72b"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/6bdf0003-ab52-47b0-b2b0-961e0db2ee2e"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/6f74ddb3-d953-4374-a2bc-db53121bcedc"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/b92e0e27-7376-485c-9e06-4ce2f094f129"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/ecebfe96-baac-4037-9e17-8ee331ca645f"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/mode-doccupation-du-sol-historique-annee-1955/"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf414"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf414", "name": "item", "description": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf414", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf414"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-04-09T10:14:37.484", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Historical land use pattern - year 1973", "description": "Breakdown of the territory according to the land cover method (MOS) in 1973. The land use method has six classes on a single level: artificial hydrographic surface; natural hydrographic surface; transport infrastructure; agricultural area; artificialised territory; natural terrain. This data was produced by a photointerpretation work carried out in 2012 on the basis of the aerial photo of the same vintage (HAV_HISTO.CODAH_PHOTO1973_PNAT).", "formats": [{"name": "DXF"}], "keywords": ["1973", "adresse", "agricole", "agriculture", "archive", "bec", "carte", "cauville", "caux", "codah", "communaute", "dame", "donnees", "environnement", "epouville", "estuaire", "fontaine", "fontenay", "fr", "gainneville", "gonfreville", "harfleur", "havraise", "havre", "histoire", "historique", "hydrographie", "lagglomeration", "lorcher", "mallet", "maneglise", "mannevillette", "manoir", "maritime", "martin", "mer", "montivilliers", "mos", "naturel", "normandie", "notre", "occupation", "octeville", "ouvertes", "pays", "paysage", "rogerville", "rolleville", "saint", "sainte", "seine", "sol", "sur", "terrain", "transport", "urbanisme", "utilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/organizations/59bfa079c751df6dad38dc0d/", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/1ee930a9-3054-4ea1-b4dc-592a35777ec1"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/64e45953-6ba6-4332-9161-4e03c9b52a44"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/d8ad1edc-f335-4b69-872a-e94241fb8f5f"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/dda34fe8-a6c1-4f70-ba3e-6633e5de5461"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/e8f133b4-e6e2-4880-9d32-97a1abbcc4e5"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/mode-doccupation-du-sol-historique-annee-1973/"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf415"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf415", "name": "item", "description": "5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5b55e3ff88ee386d3eadf415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "5b55e40088ee386d3eadf416", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-04-09T10:14:38.243", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Historical land use pattern - year 2001", "description": "Land cover by land cover (LOS) in 2001. The land use method has six classes on a single level: artificial hydrographic surface; natural hydrographic surface; transport infrastructure; agricultural area; artificialised territory; natural terrain. This data was produced by a photointerpretation work carried out in 2012 on the basis of the aerial photo of the same vintage (HAV_HISTO.CODAH_ORTHO2001_IGN).", "formats": [{"name": "DXF"}], "keywords": ["2001", "adresse", "agricole", "agriculture", "archive", "bec", "carte", "cauville", "caux", "codah", "communaute", "dame", "donnees", "environnement", "epouville", "estuaire", "fontaine", "fontenay", "fr", "gainneville", "gonfreville", "harfleur", "havraise", "havre", "histoire", "historique", "hydrographie", "lagglomeration", "lorcher", "mallet", "maneglise", "mannevillette", "manoir", "maritime", "martin", "mer", "montivilliers", "mos", "naturel", "normandie", "notre", "occupation", "octeville", "ouvertes", "pays", "paysage", "rogerville", "rolleville", "saint", "sainte", "seine", "sol", "sur", "terrain", "transport", "urbanisme", "utilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/organizations/59bfa079c751df6dad38dc0d/", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/33a273c7-26f6-4128-96df-fd9f6b31e238"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/7bd58d54-9fe3-4dde-bdb0-cd9276f4380e"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/c7807d26-9197-49fb-8b41-79e8b944a988"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/d70915c5-8083-4836-85ab-acb5f1ac3154"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/e39d80e3-9aad-4761-99cb-11d00fbdb028"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/mode-doccupation-du-sol-historique-annee-2001/"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/5b55e40088ee386d3eadf416"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5b55e40088ee386d3eadf416", "name": "item", "description": "5b55e40088ee386d3eadf416", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5b55e40088ee386d3eadf416"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "5b55e400c751df1614be730a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-04-09T10:14:38.640", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Historical land use pattern - year 1985", "description": "Land cover by land cover (LOS) in 1985. The land use method has six classes on a single level: artificial hydrographic surface; natural hydrographic surface; transport infrastructure; agricultural area; artificialised territory; natural terrain. This data was produced by a photointerpretation work carried out in 2012 on the basis of the aerial photo of the same vintage (HAV_HISTO.CODAH_PHOTO1985_PNAT).", "formats": [{"name": "DXF"}], "keywords": ["1985", "adresse", "agricole", "agriculture", "archive", "bec", "carte", "cauville", "caux", "codah", "communaute", "dame", "donnees", "environnement", "epouville", "estuaire", "fontaine", "fontenay", "fr", "gainneville", "gonfreville", "harfleur", "havraise", "havre", "histoire", "historique", "hydrographie", "lagglomeration", "lorcher", "mallet", "maneglise", "mannevillette", "manoir", "maritime", "martin", "mer", "montivilliers", "mos", "naturel", "normandie", "notre", "occupation", "octeville", "ouvertes", "pays", "paysage", "rogerville", "rolleville", "saint", "sainte", "seine", "sol", "sur", "terrain", "transport", "urbanisme", "utilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/organizations/59bfa079c751df6dad38dc0d/", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/2eb1cad3-8b48-49eb-9823-813fe1fd8446"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/49a95aff-fd4b-48be-a1ec-269f6dce3c1d"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/7e8388b6-1d17-415e-b04d-4fdf928e264b"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/83ec6732-6168-4e7e-baed-2522f3f9ec61"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/8763bc25-f13a-498a-8610-7ba910047b8d"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/mode-doccupation-du-sol-historique-annee-1985/"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/5b55e400c751df1614be730a"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "5b55e400c751df1614be730a", "name": "item", "description": "5b55e400c751df1614be730a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/5b55e400c751df1614be730a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=environnement&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=environnement&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=environnement&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=environnement&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 116, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-20T13:47:51.261109Z"}