{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-31", "title": "How Does Nitrogen Availability Alter Rhizodeposition In Lolium Multiflorum Lam. During Vegetative Growth?", "description": "The objective of this work was to determine if the impact of nitrogen (N) on the release of organic carbon (C) into the soil by roots (rhizodeposition) correlated with the effect of this nutrient on some variables of plant growth. Lolium multiflorum Lam. was grown at two levels of N supply, either in sterile sand percolated with nutrient solution or in non-sterile soil. The axenic sand systems allowed continuous quantification of rhizodeposition and accurate analysis of root morphology whilst the soil microcosms allowed the study of 14C labelled C flows in physico-chemical and biological conditions relevant to natural soils. In the axenic sand cultures, enhanced N supply strongly increased the plant biomass, the plant N content and the shoot to root ratio. N supply altered the root morphology by increasing the root surface area and the density of apices, both being significantly positively correlated with the rate of organic C release by plant roots before sampling. This observation is consistent with the production of mucilage by root tips and with mechanisms of root exudation reported previously in the literature, i.e. the passive diffusion of roots solutes along the root with increased rate behind the root apex. We proposed a model of root net exudation, based on the number of root apices and on root soluble C that explained 60% of the variability in the rate of C release from roots at harvest. The effects of N on plant growth were less marked in soil, probably related to the relatively high supply of N from non-fertiliser soil-sources. N fertilization increased the shoot N concentration of the plants and the shoot to root ratio. Increased N supply decreased the partitioning of 14C to roots. In parallel, N fertilisation increased the root soluble 14C and the 14C recovered in the soil per unit of root biomass, suggesting a stimulation of root exudation by N supply. However, due to the high concentration of N in our unfertilised plants, this stimulation was assumed to be very weak because no significant effect of N was observed on the microbial C and on the bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere. Considering the difficulties in evaluating rhizodeposition in non sterile soil, it is suggested that the root soluble C, the root surface area and the root apex density are additional relevant variables that should be useful to measure along with the variables that are commonly determined when investigating how plant functioning impacts on the release of C by roots (i.e soil C, C of the microbial biomass, rhizosphere respiration).", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "exudation", "C-14 pulse labelling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "N", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "rhizodeposition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "root morphology", "root soluble C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-004-0490-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-01", "title": "Surface tension, rheology and hydrophobicity of rhizodeposits and seed mucilage influence soil water retention and hysteresis", "description": "Rhizodeposits collected from hydroponic solutions with roots of maize and barley, and seed mucilage washed from chia, were added to soil to measure their impact on water retention and hysteresis in a sandy loam soil at a range of concentrations. We test the hypothesis that the effect of plant exudates and mucilages on hydraulic properties of soils depends on their physicochemical characteristics and origin.Surface tension and viscosity of the exudate solutions were measured using the Du No\u00fcy ring method and a cone-plate rheometer, respectively. The contact angle of water on exudate treated soil was measured with the sessile drop method. Water retention and hysteresis were measured by equilibrating soil samples, treated with exudates and mucilages at 0.46 and 4.6\u00a0mg\u00a0g-1 concentration, on dialysis tubing filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution of known osmotic potential.Surface tension decreased and viscosity increased with increasing concentration of the exudates and mucilage in solutions. Change in surface tension and viscosity was greatest for chia seed exudate and least for barley root exudate. Contact angle increased with increasing maize root and chia seed exudate concentration in soil, but not barley root. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits enhanced soil water retention and increased hysteresis index, whereas barley root rhizodeposits decreased soil water retention and the hysteresis effect. The impact of exudates and mucilages on soil water retention almost ceased when approaching wilting point at -1500\u00a0kPa matric potential.Barley rhizodeposits behaved as surfactants, drying the rhizosphere at smaller suctions. Chia seed mucilage and maize root rhizodeposits behaved as hydrogels that hold more water in the rhizosphere, but with slower rewetting and greater hysteresis.", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1111", "seed exudate", "FLOW", "QH301 Biology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root exudate", "630", "QH301", "soil water retention", "ROOT", "surface tension", "DIMR 646809", "Contact angle", "contact angle", "PHOSPHOLIPID SURFACTANTS", "2. Zero hunger", "STABILITY", "BB/J000868/1", "Surface tension", "Civil_env_eng", "Viscosity", "Hysteresis", "name=Soil Science", "Root exudate", "RHIZOSPHERE HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "EXUDATION", "Regular Article", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "Soil water retention", "6. Clean water", "Seed exudate", "BB/J011460/1", "hysteresis", "BB/L026058/1", "viscosity", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "name=Plant Science", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "European Research Council"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5787/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428238/1/Naveed2019_Article_SurfaceTensionRheologyAndHydro.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-019-03939-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-22", "title": "Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems", "description": "Abstract

Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
Using reverse microdialysis, we simulated root exudation by releasing a13C-labelled mix of low-molecular-weight organic C compounds at mm-sized locations in undisturbed soil. Combined with stable isotope tracing, we investigated the fine-scale temporal and spatial response of microbial metabolism, soil chemistry, and traced microbial respiration and uptake of exuded compounds.

Our results show that a 9-h simulated root exudation pulse leads to i) a large local respiration event and ii) alteration of the temporal dynamics of soil metabolites over the following 12\u202fday\u202fat the exudation spot. Notably, we observed a threefold increase in ammonium concentrations at 12\u202fh and increased nitrate concentrations five days after the pulse. Moreover, various short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, formate) increased over the following days, indicating altered microbial metabolic pathways and activity. Phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFAs, NLFAs) of all major microbial groups were significantly 13C-enriched within a 5\u202fmm radius around the microdialysis probes, but not beyond. The highest relative 13C enrichment was observed in fungal NLFAs, indicating that a significant proportion of the exuded compounds had been incorporated into fungal storage compounds.

Our findings indicate that the punctual release of low-molecular-weight organic C compounds into intact soil significantly changes microbial metabolism and activity in its immediate surroundings, enhancing mineralization of native organic nitrogen. This highlights the versatility of microbial metabolic pathways in response to rapidly changing C availability and their effectiveness in increasing nutrient availability near plant roots.", "keywords": ["Oxygen depletion", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Root exudation", "short-chain fatty acids", "Reverse microdialysis", "reverse microdialysis", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "root exudation", "6. Clean water", "Short-chain fatty acids", "Sugar metabolism", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "thizosphere priming effect", "crabtree effect", "sugar metabolism", "106022 Microbiology", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Rhizosphere priming effect"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109259", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-20", "title": "Phytosiderophore pathway response in barley exposed to iron, zinc or copper starvation", "description": "Efficient micronutrient acquisition is a critical factor in selecting micronutrient dense crops for human consumption. Enhanced exudation and re-uptake of metal chelators, so-called phytosiderophores, by roots of graminaceous plants has been implicated in efficient micronutrient acquisition. We compared PS biosynthesis and exudation as a response mechanism to either Fe, Zn or Cu starvation. Two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with contrasting micronutrient grain yields were grown hydroponically and PS exudation (LC-MS) and root gene expression (RNAseq) were determined after either Fe, Zn, or Cu starvation. The response strength of the PS pathway was micronutrient dependent and decreased in the order Fe >\u00a0Zn >\u00a0Cu deficiency. We observed a stronger expression of PS pathway genes and greater PS exudation in the barley line with large micronutrient grain yield suggesting that a highly expressed PS pathway might be an important trait involved in high micronutrient accumulation. In addition to several metal specific transporters, we also found that the expression of IRO2 and bHLH156 transcription factors was not only induced under Fe but also under Zn and Cu deficiency. Our study delivers important insights into the role of the PS pathway in the acquisition of different micronutrients.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Phytosiderophore", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1311", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1102", "Root exudation", "name=Genetics", "Iron", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Hordeum", "Copper deficiency", "Plant Roots", "630", "Mugineic acid", "name=Agronomy and Crop Science", "Zinc", "Barley", "Humans", "Micronutrients", "name=Plant Science", "Biofortification", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/2025.03.30.646173", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-19", "title": "Deciphering spatiotemporal patterns of rhizodeposition with a functional-structural root model: RhizoDep", "description": "Abstract Background and Aims

Rhizodeposition, i.e. the release of organic matters by roots, constitutes a significant fraction of the plant carbon (C) budget and plays a key role in plant-soil interactions. However, its spatial and temporal dynamics remain poorly understood.

Methods

We developed RhizoDep, a new functional-structural root model that simulates 3D root growth, respiration, and rhizodeposition based on C balance and root morphology at the individual root segment level.

Results

Our model successfully reproduced the dynamics of belowground C flows observed in a previous pulse-labelling field experiment on spring wheat. Our simulations revealed that root C exudation largely dominated over mucilage secretion and cap cells sloughing in terms of C release. The spatial distribution of exudation rate along the roots was driven by the preferential unloading of sugars to support root elongation and emergence, and was modulated by the formation of apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that, for a given C allocation flow to roots, variations in root hairs or lateral root number had minimal effects on rhizodeposition, whereas changes in root tissue density had a significant impact.

Conclusion

RhizoDep offers a new opportunity to explore the dynamics of C exchange at the plant-soil interface and to identify traits and environmental conditions that favor rhizodeposition.

", "keywords": ["cycle du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24242", "Mucilage", "mod\u00e8le de simulation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16034", "enracinement", "bl\u00e9 de printemps", "hexose", "Root hairs", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11547", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "mucilage", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6651", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32027", "FSPM", "syst\u00e8me racinaire", "ArchiSimple", "Root exudation", "croissance", "Root architecture", "racine", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7337", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6569", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6649", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299", "[INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation", "rhizosph\u00e8re", "Cells sloughing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.30.646173"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/2025.03.30.646173", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/2025.03.30.646173", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/2025.03.30.646173"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.14178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-10", "title": "Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract

Increased human\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms adopt a series of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies to offset N loading\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms; however, it remains unclear how P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level P limitation.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N loading can cause plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between different plant P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Biochemistry is an essential yet often undervalued aspect of soil ecology, especially in soil C cycling. We assume based on tradition, intuition or hope that the complexity of biochemistry is confined to the microscopic world, and can be ignored when dealing with whole soil systems. This opinion paper draws attention to patterns caused by basic biochemical processes that permeate the world of ecosystem processes. From these patterns, we can estimate activities of the biochemical reactions of the central C metabolic network and gain insights into the ecophysiology of microbial biosynthesis and growth and maintenance energy requirements; important components of Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE).The biochemical pathways used to metabolize glucose vary from soil to soil, with mostly glycolysis in some soils, and pentose phosphate or Entner-Doudoroff pathways in others. However, notwithstanding this metabolic diversity, glucose use efficiency is high and thus substrate use for maintenance energy and overflow respiration is low in these three soils. These results contradict current dogma based on four decades of research in soil ecology. We identify three main shortcomings in our current understanding of substrate use efficiency: 1) in numeric and conceptual models, we lack appreciation of the strategies that microbes employ to quickly reduce energy needs in response to starvation; 2) production of exudates and microbial turnover affect whole-soil CUE more than variation in maintenance energy demand; and 3) whether tracer experiments can be used to measure the long-term substrate use efficiency of soil microbial communities depends critically on the ability of non-growing cells to take up tracer substrates, how biosynthesis responds to these substrates, as well as on how cellular activities scale to the community level.To move the field of soil ecology forward, future research must consider the details of microbial ecophysiology and develop new tools that enable direct measurement of microbial functioning in intact soils. We submit that 13C metabolic flux analysis is one of those new tools.

Increased human\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms adopt a series of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies to offset N loading\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms; however, it remains unclear how P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level P limitation.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N loading can cause plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between different plant P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.\u00a0Zn >\u00a0Cu deficiency. We observed a stronger expression of PS pathway genes and greater PS exudation in the barley line with large micronutrient grain yield suggesting that a highly expressed PS pathway might be an important trait involved in high micronutrient accumulation. In addition to several metal specific transporters, we also found that the expression of IRO2 and bHLH156 transcription factors was not only induced under Fe but also under Zn and Cu deficiency. Our study delivers important insights into the role of the PS pathway in the acquisition of different micronutrients.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Phytosiderophore", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1311", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1102", "Root exudation", "name=Genetics", "Iron", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Hordeum", "Copper deficiency", "Plant Roots", "630", "Mugineic acid", "name=Agronomy and Crop Science", "Zinc", "Barley", "Humans", "Micronutrients", "name=Plant Science", "Biofortification", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/37992897"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "37992897", "name": "item", "description": "37992897", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/37992897"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC9579094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:24:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-22", "title": "Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems", "description": "Abstract

Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.