{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s003740050443", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Land Use Effects On Labile N Extracted With Permanganate And The Nitrogen Management Index In The Cerrado Region Of Brazil", "description": "The effect of land use on the availability of nitrogen (N) was studied by separating total N into a labile and a stable fraction by oxidation and extraction of labile N with KMnO4. The nitrogen management index (NMI) was calculated following the method of Blair et al. (1995) for the carbon management index. In all systems, labile N released by KMnO4 was a better indicator of N availability than total and stable N. The NMI was a good indicator of N availability but gave no information about the total amount of N. In land use system analysis, total N and labile N can be used together as a simple and rapid way to evaluate the N status of the soil. Legume-based pastures specifically increased the amount of labile N. Although soybeans had a dominant role in the continuous cropping systems studied, the total N contents of these systems were lower than those of the natural Cerrado. The availability of N under legume-based pastures and legume-based pasture-crop rotations was higher than under the natural Cerrado and the continuous cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "utilizaci\u00f3n de la tierra", "mineralizaci\u00f3n", "nitrogen management index", "land use", "nitrogen availability", "disponibilidad de nutrientes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "01 natural sciences", "oxisols", "nitr\u00f3geno", "ferralsoles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Westerhof, R, Vilela, L, Ayarza, Miguel Angel, Zech, W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050443"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050443", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050443", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050443"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-15", "title": "Appropriate Technologies To Replenish Soil Fertility In Southern Africa", "description": "In southern Africa, soil nutrient reserves are being depleted because of continued nutrient mining without adequate replenishment. The consequent downward spiral of soil fertility has led to a corresponding decline in crop yields, food insecurity, food aid and environmental degradation. The central issue for improving agricultural productivity in southern Africa is how to build up and maintain soil fertility despite the low incomes of smallholder farmers and the increasing land and labour constraints they face. Under this review five main options namely: inorganic fertilizers, grain legumes, animal manures, integrated nutrient management and agroforestry options appropriate to smallholder farmers are presented. Issues addressed in the use of inorganic fertilizers are reduction in fertilizer costs, timely availability and use efficiency. Legumes can be used to diversify farm system productivity but this requires P and lime application to support better legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as well as development of markets for various legume products. Manure availability and quality are central issues in increasing smallholder farm productivity and increasing its efficiency through proper handling and application methods. Integrated nutrient management of soil fertility by combined application of both inputs will increase use efficiency of inputs and reduce costs and increase profitability; but the challenge is often how to raise adequate amounts of either inorganic or organic inputs. Issues such as quality of inputs, nutrient balancing, labour to collect and transport organic inputs and their management need to be optimized. These are the challenges of adoption as are the scaling up of these options to millions of small-scale farmers.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "grain legumes", "fertilidad del suelo", "leguminosas de grano", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "12. Responsible consumption", "africa meridional", "inorganic fertilizers", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "1. No poverty", "tecnolog\u00eda apropiada", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "6. Clean water", "appropriate technology", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mafongoya, P.L., Bationo, B. Andr\u00e9, Kihara, Job Maguta, Waswa, Boaz Shaban,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/371236a0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-08-12", "title": "Carbon Storage By Introduced Deep-Rooted Grasses In The South American Savannas", "description": "ESTIMATES of the global carbon dioxide balance have identified a substantial 'missing sink' of 0.4\u20134.3 Gt per year1. It has been suggested that much of this may reside in the terrestrial biosphere2. Here we present an analysis of the carbon stored by pastures based on deep-rooted grasses which have been introduced in the South American savannas. Although the deep-rooted grasses were chosen principally for agricultural reasons3, we find that they also sequester significant amounts of organic carbon deep in the soil. If our study sites are representative of similar pastures throughout South America, this process could account for the sequestration of 100\u2013507 Mt carbon per year\u2014a substantial part of the 'missing sink'. Thus, although some land-use changes4 (such as burning tropical rainforests) contribute to the atmospheric CO2 burden, we conclude that the introduced pastures studied here help to offset the effect of anthropogenic CO2emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carb\u00f3n", "carbon", "arachis pintoi", "root systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "01 natural sciences", "sistema radicular", "brachiaria humidicola", "savannas", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "andropogon gayanus", "sabanas", "stylosanthes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/371236a0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/371236a0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/371236a0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/371236a0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1357729800054643", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-06", "title": "Ruminal Fermentation, Methanogenesis And Nitrogen Utilization Of Sheep Receiving Tropical Grass Hay-Concentrate Diets Offered With Sapindus Saponaria Fruits And Cratylia Argentea Foliage", "description": "Abstract<p>The effects of supplementing a tropical, low-quality grass hay (Brachiaria dictyoneura) with legume foliage (Cratylia argentea) or fruits of the multipurpose tree Sapindus saponaria on ruminal fermentation, methane release and nitrogen (N) utilization were evaluated. Six Swiss White Hill lambs were used in a 6 \uffe2\uff9c\uff95 6 Latin-square design with a 3 \uffe2\uff9c\uff95 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with measurements of energy metabolism being conducted using open-circuit respiratory chambers. Treatments consisted of three basal diets, either grass alone or legume: grass ratios of 1: 2 or 2: 1. These basal diets were supplemented (1: 3) with a control concentrate or with a concentrate containing 250 g/kg dry matter ofS. saponariafruits. The apparent total tract digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were reduced and the proportionate crude protein (CP) losses through faeces were increased (P 0\uffc2\uffb701) by supplementation withS. saponaria, and digestibilities of OM and NDF were linearly reduced (P 0\uffc2\uffb7001) with increasing legume proportion. Body energy retention, however, was similar in all diets. Along with CP intake, the proportionate CP losses through faeces decreased (P 0\uffc2\uffb7001) with increasing legume proportion which was associated with improved (P 0\uffc2\uffb7001) body protein retention and reduced (P 0\uffc2\uffb71) fat retention. Ruminal fluid ammonia concentration was not significantly affected (P &gt; 0\uffc2\uffb71) by the inclusion ofS. saponariain the concentrate, but increased linearly (P 0\uffc2\uffb7001) as dietary legume proportion was elevated. Supplementation with fruits ofS. saponariaincreased (P 0\uffc2\uffb701) total bacteria count, and decreased (P 0\uffc2\uffb7001) total ciliate protozoa count by more than proportionately 0\uffc2\uffb750. Daily methane release was reduced (P 0\uffc2\uffb701) byS. saponariasupplementation in all basal diet types. Although being not clearly affected on a daily basis, methane release relative to body protein retention decreased linearly (P 0\uffc2\uffb705) with increasing legume proportion. The fact that interactions were mostly non-significant (P &gt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) indicates that supplementation withS. saponariafruits is a useful means to reduce methane emission from sheep given both tropical grass-based and grass-legume-based diets. Likewise, including legumes in N-limited tropical diets seems to represent an environmentally friendly way to improve animal productivity.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "sheep", "digesti\u00f3n ruminal", "brachiaria dictyoneura", "methane", "0402 animal and dairy science", "ovinos", "saponinas", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "suplementos", "feed crops", "supplements", "metano", "saponins", "sapindus saponaria", "cratylia", "rumen digestion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hess, HD, Beuret, RA, Lotscher, M, Hindrichsen, I.K., Machmuller, A, Carulla, Juan E., Lascano, Carlos E., Kreuzer, M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.veterinaria.unal.edu.co/inv/nutricion/Hess_2004_AS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054643"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1357729800054643", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1357729800054643", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1357729800054643"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1006234523163", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "Researchers worked with farmers in eastern Uganda to develop alternatives for soil management using crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca), mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), lablab (Dolichos lablab), and canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis) as green manures in short-term fallows. The participatory research was part of a community-based approach for systems improvement. Grain yields of maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) following one season of crotalaria fallow were 41% and 43%, respectively, more than following a two-season weedy fallow. Grain yields of maize following a one-season fallow with mucuna and lablab were 60% and 50% higher, respectively, as compared with maize following maize. Maize and bean yield were more, although effects were small, during the second and third subsequent seasons, indicating probable residual effects of the green manures. Mucuna and lablab were successfully produced by intersowing into maize at three weeks after sowing maize, although the yields of the associated maize crop were reduced by 24% to 28%. Farmers estimated the labor requirements for mucuna and lablab to be less than for crotalaria. Farmers independently experimented on how these species can be integrated into banana (Musa spp.), coffee (Coffea robusta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems. Farmers reported that the beneficial effects of the green manures included higher food-crop yields; weed suppression; improved soil fertility, soil moisture, and soil tilth; and erosion control. Mucuna and lablab were preferred because of reduced labor requirements and increased net benefits compared with continuous cropping. Farmer participation in the green manure research resulted in efficient generation and adaptation of green manure technology now being promoted in eastern and central Uganda.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "manihot esculenta", "lablad purpureus", "yields", "phaseolus vulgaris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "mucuna pruriens", "zea mays", "canavalia ensiformis", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "green manures", "abonos verdes", "soil management", "rendimiento"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fischler, MA, Wortmann, Charles S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006234523163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1006234523163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1006234523163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1006234523163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1016087905272", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-29", "description": "Crop and livestock production in the Guinea savanna zone of northern Ghana has been declining over the past years as a result of increasing pressure on land. To sustain soil productivity, pigeon pea(Cajanus cajan), a leguminous perennial crop was evaluated for its potential as a short duration fallow crop for fodder and grain, and maize (Zea mays)production. It involved comparing a natural fallow (i.e., control) and four improved fallows of pigeon pea pruned annually at 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm from the ground, and unpruned pigeon pea over a two-year period. After this time, the land was cleared manually and planted to maize. The highest mean annual biomass of pigeon pea over the two-year period of 6.1 t ha\u22121 dry matter (DM) was obtained by pruning at 60 cm. The highest leaf litter production and pigeon pea seed yield was obtained from the no pruning treatment. The mean maize grain yield from the improved fallow (3.02 t ha\u22121) in the first year after clearing was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of the natural fallow (1.54 t ha\u22121). Considering the biomass of pigeon pea from pruning, pigeon pea seed yield and maize grain yield after the pigeon pea, pruning pigeon pea at 60 cm is the most promising regime for crop-livestock production systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "fallow", "pruning", "forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "pigeon peas", "15. Life on land", "maize", "feed crops", "01 natural sciences", "mixed farming", "production systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cajanus cajan"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Agyare, W.A., Kombiok, J.M., Karbo, N., Larbi, Asamoah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016087905272"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1016087905272", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1016087905272", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1016087905272"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=feed+crops&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=feed+crops&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=feed+crops&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=feed+crops&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T03:17:57.281713Z"}