{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-22", "title": "Effects Of Warming, Summer Drought, And Co2 Enrichment On Aboveground Biomass Production, Flowering Phenology, And Community Structure In An Upland Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "Future climate scenarios predict simultaneous changes in environmental conditions, but the impacts of multiple climate change drivers on ecosystem structure and function remain unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the responses of an upland grassland ecosystem to the 2080 climate scenario predicted for the study area (3.5A degrees C temperature increase, 20% reduction in summer precipitation, atmospheric CO2 levels of 600 ppm) over three growing seasons. We also assessed whether patterns of grassland response to a combination of climate change treatments could be forecast by ecosystem responses to single climate change drivers. Effects of climate change on aboveground production showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation; April biomass increased in response to both warming and the simultaneous application of warming, summer drought, and CO2 enrichment, whereas October biomass responses were either non-significant or negative depending on the year. Negative impacts of summer drought on production were only observed in combination with a below-average rainfall regime, and showed lagged effects on spring biomass. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on aboveground biomass during this study. Both warming and the 2080 climate change scenario were associated with a significant advance in flowering time for the dominant grass species studied. However, flowering phenology showed no significant response to either summer drought or elevated CO2. Species diversity and equitability showed no response to climate change treatments throughout this study. Overall, our data suggest that single-factor warming experiments may provide valuable information for projections of future ecosystem changes in cool temperate grasslands.", "keywords": ["free air CO2 enrichment", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "interannual variation", "vegetation dynamics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland productivity", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9363-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13263", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-01", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric [Co2] Can Dramatically Increase Wheat Yields In Semi-Arid Environments And Buffer Against Heat Waves", "description": "Abstract<p>Wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2], which is expected to rise from about 400\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2015 to 550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) are well documented for some environments, but field\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2007) and e[CO2] (550\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2] response. The large responses to e[CO2] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate.</p>", "keywords": ["heat wave", "Yield", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Hot Temperature", "Victoria", "Rain", "070302 Agronomy", "dryland", "551", "Dryland", "Heat wave", "Biomass", "Triticum", "free air CO2 enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated CO2", "Atmosphere", "Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "wheat; yield", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", ": Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment", "13. 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