{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/joc.1276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-30", "title": "Very High Resolution Interpolated Climate Surfaces For Global Land Areas", "description": "(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We developed interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas (excluding Antarctica) at a spatial resolution of 30 arc s (often referred to as 1-km spatial resolution). The climate elements considered were monthly precipitation and mean, minimum, and maximum temperature. Input data were gathered from a variety of sources and, where possible, were restricted to records from the 1950\u20132000 period. We used the thin-plate smoothing spline algorithm implemented in the ANUSPLIN package for interpolation, using latitude, longitude, and elevation as independent variables. We quantified uncertainty arising from the input data and the interpolation by mapping weather station density, elevation bias in the weather stations, and elevation variation within grid cells and through data partitioning and cross validation. Elevation bias tended to be negative (stations lower than expected) at high latitudes but positive in the tropics. Uncertainty is highest in mountainous and in poorly sampled areas. Data partitioning showed high uncertainty of the surfaces on isolated islands, e.g. in the Pacific. Aggregating the elevation and climate data to 10 arc min resolution showed an enormous variation within grid cells, illustrating the value of high-resolution surfaces. A comparison with an existing data set at 10 arc min resolution showed overall agreement, but with significant variation in some regions. A comparison with two high-resolution data sets for the United States also identified areas with large local differences, particularly in mountainous areas. Compared to previous global climatologies, ours has the following advantages: the data are at a higher spatial resolution (400 times greater or more); more weather station records were used; improved elevation data were used; and more information about spatial patterns of uncertainty in the data is available. Owing to the overall low density of available climate stations, our surfaces do not capture of all variation that may occur at a resolution of 1 km, particularly of precipitation in mountainous areas. In future work, such variation might be captured through knowledgebased methods and inclusion of additional co-variates, particularly layers obtained through remote sensing. Copyright \uf6d9 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "550", "Climate", "bats", "bat", "Precipitation", "precipitation", "01 natural sciences", "Error", "geographical information systems", "03 medical and health sciences", "precipitaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica", "Chiroptera", "1902 Atmospheric Science", "Animalia", "Chordata", "temperatura", "factores clim\u00e1ticos", "procesamiento de datos", "Temperature", "Uncertainty", "temperature", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "GIS", "climatic factors", "Interpolation", "ANUSPLIN", "13. Climate action", "Mammalia", "sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica", "data processing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Climatology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/joc.1276", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/joc.1276", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/joc.1276"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-20", "title": "Ending the Cinderella status of terraces and lynchets in Europe: The geomorphology of agricultural terraces and implications for ecosystem services and climate adaptation", "description": "Terraces and lynchets are ubiquitous worldwide and can provide increasingly important Ecosystem Services (ESs), which may be able to mitigate aspects of climate change. They are also a major cause of non-linearity between climate and erosion rates in agricultural systems as noted from alluvial and colluvial studies. New research in the \u2018critical zone\u2019 has shown that we must now treat soil production as an ecologically sensitive variable with implications for soil carbon sequestration. In this review and synthesis paper we present a modified classification of agricultural terraces, review the theoretical background of both terraces and lynchets, and show how new techniques are transforming the study of these widespread and often ancient anthropogenic landforms. The problems of dating terraces and the time-consuming nature of costly surveys has held back the geomorphological and geoarchaeological study of terraces until now. The suite of techniques now available, and reviewed here,includes Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) - Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (ALS-TLS); optically stimulated luminescence (OSL and pOSL), portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier-transform infra-red analysis (FTIR), phytoliths from plants, and potentially environmental DNA. Three process-related geomorphological questions arise from using this suite of methods; a) can they provide both a chronology of formation and use history, b) can we identify the sources of all the soil components? c) can terrace soil formation and ecosystem services be modelled at the slope to catchment scale? The answers to these questions can also inform the management of the large areas of abandoned and under-used terraces that are resulting from both the economics of farming and rural population changes. Where possible, examples are drawn from a recently started ERC project (TerrACE; ERC-2018-2023; https://www.terrace.no/) that is working at over 15 sites in Europe ranging from Norway to Greece.", "keywords": ["Agricultural soils; Erosion; Geomorphic history; Soil formation", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Teknologi: 500::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi: 550::Geografiske informasjonssystemer: 555", "VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450", "550", "VDP::Technology: 500::Information and communication technology: 550::Geographical information systems: 555", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Geomorphic history", "13. Climate action", "Erosion;", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450", "Soil formation;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural soils;", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/170714/1/1_s2.0_S0169555X20305523_main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3390095/1/Brown%20et%20al.%20%282021%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/454976/1/1_s2.0_S0169555X20305523_main_1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/454976/2/Brown_A.G._et_al._2021_Ending_the_Cinderella_status_of_terraces_and_lynchets_in_Europe._The_geomorphology_of_agricultural_terraces_and_implications_for_ecosystem_services_and_climatic_adaptation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geomorphology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107579"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/Z8WXQM", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-01-01", "title": "Combined GIS and Africa RISING Baseline Evaluation Survey (ARBES) Farm Household Data for FarmMatch, Tanzania", "description": "Open AccessGIS grid cells differ in biophysical conditions (soil, rainfall, etc.) and socio-economic circumstances (e.g. distance to market, population density). Moreover, within these cells we have households sampled within the Africa RISING Baseline Evaluation Survey (ARBES) database collected by IFPRI. For each household, we analyze in particular the main, easy to collect farm and household features (size, objectives, livestock, crop number, % off-farm income, etc.) and relate these to the farm practices and project-proposed technologies and techniques. The matching algorithm combines the GIS-derived data on biophysical conditions and socio-economic context circumstances with the farm features, to estimate the probability of use of the various technologies and techniques. </p>  The data scored are as follows: Elevation, Digital Elevation Model, Slope, Precipitation, Temperature, Soil bulk density, Soil cation exchange capacity, Organic carbon, Distance to market, Population density, Household size, Children under 7, Age of household head, Education years, Total land size, Average distance to fields, Soil erosion, Animal mixed, Communal labor, Hired labor, Total labor, Months shortage, TLU chickens, TLU small ruminants, TLU large ruminants, Has irrigation, Uses fallowing, Uses manure, Num trees, Area intercropped, Fertilizer value, Improved seed value, Pigeon pea, Groundnut, Chickpea, Improved cattle, Improved goats, Improved pigs.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "geographical information systems", "AFRICA", "TANZANIA", "EAST AFRICA", "Agricultural Sciences", "technology", "Social Sciences", "Geographical information systems", "AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA", "15. Life on land", "agricultural systems", "Agricultural research"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Groot, Jeroen, Muthoni, Francis, Classens, Lieven, Bandyopadhyay, Arkadeep, Haile, Beliyou, Azzari, Carlo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Z8WXQM"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/Z8WXQM", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/Z8WXQM", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/Z8WXQM"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2e755407-6fab-4b3f-832d-fa76ea535ab0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.14, 53.11], [9.14, 54.96], [10.77, 54.96], [10.77, 53.11], [9.14, 53.11]]]}, "properties": {"license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2024-06-20", "type": "Service", "created": "2020-03-06", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'V140 Kiel: Geographical reference and description of trial plots'", "description": "This WMS  Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'WMS Service of the dataset 'V140 Kiel: Geographical reference and description of trial plots''", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "Organic amendments", "Geographical information systems", "Field experimentation", "Farm area", "data collection"], "contacts": [{"name": "Steffen Rothardt", "organization": "CAU Kiel", "position": "Scientific staff", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+494318804398"}], "emails": [{"value": "rothardt@pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9"], "city": "Kiel", "administrativeArea": "Schleswig-Holstein", "postalCode": "24118", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Henning Kage", "organization": "CAU Kiel", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["supervisor"], "phones": [{"value": "+494318804398"}], "emails": [{"value": "kage@pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9"], "city": "Kiel", "administrativeArea": "Schleswig-Holstein", "postalCode": "24118", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - 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INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Other's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Other and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Other and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2021-03-23", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-03-06", "language": "eng", "title": "V140 Kiel: Geographical reference and description of trial plots", "description": "This fileset provides the geographical reference(as shape-file) and a detailed treatment description of every plot of trial V140 on experimental farm Hohenschulen, Achterwehr, Germany. The trial is conducted by Uni Kiel, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Agronomy and Crop Science.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Organic amendments", "Geographical information systems", "Field experimentation", "Farm area", "data collection", "Landwirtschaftliche Anlagen und Aquakulturanlagen", "Geografische Bezeichnungen", "Boden", "opendata"], "contacts": [{"name": "Steffen Rothardt", "organization": "CAU Kiel", "position": "Scientific staff", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+494318804398"}], "emails": [{"value": "rothardt@pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9"], "city": "Kiel", "administrativeArea": "Schleswig-Holstein", "postalCode": "24118", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Henning Kage", "organization": "CAU Kiel", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["supervisor"], "phones": [{"value": "+494318804398"}], "emails": [{"value": "kage@pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9"], "city": "Kiel", "administrativeArea": "Schleswig-Holstein", "postalCode": "24118", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Nicolas Br\u00fcggemann", "organization": "FZ J\u00fclich", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Nicolas Br\u00fcggemann", "organization": "FZ J\u00fclich", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "CAU Kiel", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=d9f1dc1e-37a1-4723-bcbc-462ab3dda764", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/Inplamint_1_hohenschulen_v140_kiel.PNG", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "d9f1dc1e-37a1-4723-bcbc-462ab3dda764", "name": "item", "description": "d9f1dc1e-37a1-4723-bcbc-462ab3dda764", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/d9f1dc1e-37a1-4723-bcbc-462ab3dda764"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "93c2f25c-8985-421a-b91b-d6d44bd30c24", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.81, 47.26], [5.81, 54.76], [15.77, 54.76], [15.77, 47.26], [5.81, 47.26]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "gully erosion"}, {"id": "erosion control"}, {"id": "geographical information systems"}, {"id": "simulation models"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "Gully Dynamics"}, {"id": "Numerical Gully Modelling"}, {"id": "Dynamic Gully Model"}, {"id": "QGIS-Plug"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "-"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-06-03", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-04-19", "language": "eng", "title": "QGIS-Plugin for Dynamic Gully Modelling", "description": "The morphological characteristics of gully systems help us to better understand the development of gullies in order to identify the direction of its evolution and the areas that are likely to be affected. In addition, temporal modeling of gully morphology facilitates recognizing the current evolutionary stage of the gullies. Furthermore, information on gully evolution is useful to develop coping and mitigation strategies to control gully erosion. Our plugin tool for QGIS, based on A. Sidorchuk\u2019s (1999) simulation model, allows to assess the temporal changes in gully morphology at watershed scale.", "formats": [{"name": "Plugin"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "gully erosion", "erosion control", "geographical information systems", "simulation models", "opendata", "Boden", "Gully Dynamics", "Numerical Gully Modelling", "Dynamic Gully Model", "QGIS-Plug", "-"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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