{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-30", "title": "Espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production", "description": "Espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. Two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply for carrot (Daucus carota L.), spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) nutrition.Immobilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus was detected in all the incubations and, in the field experiments, germination and yield growth were decreased by the presence of espresso coffee grounds, in general for all the species studied.The study showed an inhibition of N and P mineralisation and a reduction of plant germination and growth. Further research is required to determine whether this is related to the immobilising capacity of the residue or possibly due to the presence of caffeine.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "Plant Extracts", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Coffea", "Germination", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Coffee", "01 natural sciences", "Daucus carota", "Soil", "Spinacia oleracea", "Caffeine", "Vegetables", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7325/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests", "description": "This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Ash", "Germination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Soil", "Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Geological Engineering", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BMCHTC", "Hydrochar", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/beschrecart/article/1073/viewcontent/Toxicity_screening_of_biochar_mineral_composites_using_germination_tests.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122243", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-21", "title": "Species-dependent responses of crop plants to polystyrene microplastics", "description": "Only recently there has been a strong focus on the impacts of microplastics on terrestrial crop plants. This study aims to examine and compare the effects of microplastics on two monocotyledonous (barley, Hordeum vulgare and wheat, Triticum aestivum), and two dicotyledonous (carrot, Daucus carota and lettuce, Lactuca sativa) plant species through two complimentary experiments. First, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high (103, 105, 107 particles per mL) concentrations of 500\u00a0nm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on seed germination and early development. We found species-dependent effects on the early development, with microplastics only significantly affecting lettuce and carrot. When acutely exposed during germination, PS-MPs significantly delayed the germination of lettuce by 24%, as well as promoted the shoot growth of carrot by 71% and decreased its biomass by 26%. No effect was recorded on monocot species. Secondly, we performed a chronic (21\u00a0d) hydroponic experiment on lettuce and wheat. We observed that PS-MPs significantly reduced the shoot growth of lettuce by up to 35% and increased its biomass by up to 64%, while no record was reported on wheat. In addition, stress level indicators and defence mechanisms were significantly up-regulated in both lettuce and wheat seedlings. Overall, this study shows that PS-MPs affect plant development: impacts were recorded on both germination and growth for dicots, and responses identified by biochemical markers of stress were increased in both lettuce and wheat. This highlights species-dependent effects as the four crops were grown under identical conditions to allow direct comparison. For future research, our study emphasizes the need to focus on crop specific effects, while also working towards knowledge of plastic-induced impacts at environmentally relevant conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microplastics", "Microplastics", "Microplastic", "ta1183", "seed germination", "Biochemical indicators of stress", "Agriculture", "Germination", "plant growth", "15. Life on land", "Seed germination", "Seedlings", "Polystyrenes", "microplastic", "Plastics", "Triticum", "agriculture", "Plant growth", "Lactuca"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122243"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122243", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122243", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122243"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-10", "title": "Macro- and microplastics leachates: Characterization and impact on seed germination", "description": "Although plastic mulch enhances crop yield, its removal and disposal present significant challenges, contributing to macro- and microplastic pollution in agricultural soils. The adverse effects of this pollution on soil and plant health are not fully understood but may stem from the plastic particles or the toxicity of leached chemical additives. This study assessed the impact of macro- and microplastics from nondegradable LDPE-based (LDPEb) and biodegradable PBAT-based (PBATb) mulch films, along with their leachates, on the germination of three plant species. After seven days of incubation, PBAT mulch leached compounds that significantly inhibited Arabidopsis germination, while cotton and tomato exhibited notable tolerance. Notably, PBATb mulch released a higher concentration of compounds, whereas LDPEb mulch exhibited a greater diversity of leached chemicals. Microplastic particles alone did not hinder seed germination, indicating that plastic toxicity primarily arises from the leachates. Many of these leached compounds lack global regulation and hazard information, underscoring the urgent need for further investigation into their environmental impacts and the development of appropriate regulatory frameworks to mitigate the potential toxicity of chemicals from conventional and biodegradable mulches.", "keywords": ["ddc:550", "Microplastics", "Arabidopsis", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Germination", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Seeds", "Life Science", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Macan, Giovana P.F., Munhoz, Davi R., Willems, Leo A.J., Monkley, Charlie, Lloyd, Charlotte E.M., Hageman, Jos, Geissen, Violette, Landa, Blanca B., Harkes, Paula,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-10", "title": "Nano- and microplastics commonly cause adverse impacts on plants at environmentally relevant levels: A systematic review", "description": "Over the last years there has been significant research on the presence and effects of plastics in terrestrial systems. Here we summarize current research findings on the effects of nano- and microplastics (NMPs) on terrestrial plants, with the aim to determine patterns of response and sensitive endpoints. We conducted a systematic review (based on 78 studies) on the effects of NMPs on germination, plant growth and biochemical biomarkers. This review highlights that the majority of studies to date have used pristine polystyrene or polyethylene particles, either in a hydroponic or pot-plant setup. Based on these studies we found that effects on plants are widespread. We noted similar responses between and within monocots and dicots to NMPs, except for consistent lower germination seen in dicots exposed to NMPs. During early development, germination and root growth are more strongly affected compared to shoot growth. NMPs induced similar adverse growth effects on plant biomass and length in the most tested plant species (lettuce, wheat, corn, and rice) irrespective of the polymer type and size used. Moreover, biomarker responses were consistent across species; chlorophyll levels were commonly negatively affected, while stress indicators (e.g., ROS or free radicals) and stress respondents (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) were consistently upregulated. In addition, effects were commonly observed at environmentally relevant levels. These findings provide clear evidence that NMPs have wide-ranging impacts on plant performance. However, as most studies have been conducted under highly controlled conditions and with pristine plastics, there is an urgent need to test under more environmentally realistic conditions to ensure the lab-based studies can be extrapolated to the field.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Terrestrial plants", "Systematic review", "Germination", "Nanoplastics", "Biochemical stress", "Biomass", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Seed germination", "Plastics", "Nano- and microplastic", "Plant growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/458821/1/prod_478312-doc_195935.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161211"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-15", "title": "Comparing the impact of microplastics derived from a biodegradable and a conventional plastic mulch on plant performance", "description": "Agricultural lands have been identified as plastic sinks. One source is plastic mulches, which are a source of micro- and nano-sized plastics in agricultural soils. Because of their persistence, there is now a push towards developing biodegradable plastics, which are designed to undergo (partial) breakdown after entering the environment. Yet, limited research has investigated the impacts of both conventional and biodegradable plastics on distinct plants. Moreover, comparisons among studies are difficult due to differences in experimental design. This study directly compares the effects of artificially weathered conventional polyethylene (PE) and starch-based biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on four food crops, including two monocots (barley, Hordeum vulgare, and wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) and two dicots (carrot, Daucus carota, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.). We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant low, medium, and high (0.01\u00a0%, 0.1\u00a0%, 1\u00a0% w/w) concentrations of PE and starch-PBAT blend on seed germination (acute toxicity), and subsequently on plant growth and chlorophyll through a pot-plant experiment (chronic toxicity). Germination of all species was not affected by both plastics. However, root length was reduced for lettuce and wheat seedlings. No other effects were recorded on monocots. We observed a reduction in shoot length and bud wet weight of carrot seedlings for the highest concentration of PE and starch-PBAT blend. Chronic exposure resulted in a significant decrease in shoot biomass of barley and lettuce. Additionally, a positive increase in the number of leaves of lettuce was observed for both plastics. Chlorophyll content was increased in lettuce when exposed to PE and starch-PBAT blend. Overall, adverse effects in dicots were more abundant than in monocots. Importantly, we found that the biodegradable plastic caused more commonly adverse effects on plants compared to conventional plastic, which was confirmed by a mini-review of studies directly comparing the impact of conventional and biodegradable microplastics.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "seed germination", "Germination", "Biodegradable Plastics", "02 engineering and technology", "myrkyllisyys", "01 natural sciences", "630", "maatalous", "Soil Pollutants", "Triticum", "agriculture", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "mikromuovi", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Toxicity", "kasvien kasvu", "Microplastic", "toxicity", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "it\u00e4minen", "plant growth", "biodegradable plastic", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradable plastic", "Seed germination", "biohajoaminen", "6. Clean water", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "microplastic", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "<p>Micropatterns induced by sheep grazing, were studied in three consecutive years in a Festuca rubra-dominated salt marsh in a grazing trial with five different stocking rates (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 10 sheep ha(-1)). The micropatterns were formed by a mosaic of short and tall F. rubra stands on a scale of square decimeters. Permanent transects of 2 m x 10 m were used to study the stability of these patterns, and to analyze interactions between the vegetation, the marsh elevation and the sheep. Micropatterns occurred only in the lightly to moderately grazed paddocks (1.5-4.5 sheep ha(-1)) with the highest spatial diversity in the 3 sheep ha(-1) transect. When grazing was excluded, micropatterns did not develop; nor did they develop in the traditionally and most intensively grazed paddock (10 sheep ha(-1)). Detailed observations in one year showed that crude-protein content did not differ between green leaves from the short and tall stands, whereas in vitro digestibility was slightly higher in the short stands. In the same year, tiller density and length of full-grown leaves increased substantially in both stands from May to September. At the same time, sheep preference shifted from tall to short stands, which suggests an interplay between intake rate and digestibility in the sheep selectivity.</p><p>Seven years after establishment of the grazing trial, the 10 sheep ha(-1) transect still showed a smooth relief typical of the starting point of the other transects. These transects developed a more hummocky topography, with the highest spatial diversity occurring on the 1.5 sheep ha(-1) transect. Marsh elevations were on average up to 3 cm lower in the short than in the tall stands, which indicates that the somewhat lower-elevated patches were grazed more intensively than the higher-elevated patches.</p><p>In most cases, micropatterns changed from one year to the other, probably due to weather fluctuations. The incidence of tall stands was influenced by the rainfall balance. If the incidences of both the short and the tall stands were around 50%, however, the micropatterns showed a clear correlation with the marsh elevation. The rainfall balance seemed therefore a decisive factor for a possible correspondence between micropatterns in two consecutive years. Elevation differences were so subtle that greater than average sedimentation during a winter season could change the elevation pattern. Hence both rainfall balance and winter sedimentation counteracted the stability of the micropatterns. During our three-year study period, micropatterns were only stable in one out of six possible paired comparisons. This low micropattern stability contrasts with other studies in inland environments, which shows that in more dynamic environments, abiotic processes are likely to overrule summer grazing in determining vegetation patterns.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Festuca rubra", "GRASSLAND", "GEESE", "CATTLE", "grazing pattern", "AFFECTING DIET SELECTION", "micropattern", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS", "GRASSES", "salt marsh", "herbivore selectivity", "PATCH CHOICE", "sheep grazing", "EARLY ESTABLISHMENT", "COMMUNITIES", "GERMINATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-21", "title": "An Experimental Test Of Limits To Tree Establishment In Arctic Tundra", "description": "<p>1 Five treeline species had low seed germination rates and low survivorship and growth of seedlings when transplanted into Alaskan tundra. Seed germination of all species increased with experimental warming, suggesting that the present treeline may in part result from unsuccessful recruitment under cold conditions.</p><p> 2 Growth, biomass and survivorship of seedlings of treeline species transplanted into tundra were largely unaffected by experimental warming. However, transplanted seedlings of three species (Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides) grew more when below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground competition with the extant community was reduced. All three measures of transplant performance were greater in shrub tundra than in the less productive tussock or heath tundra. Establishment of trees in tundra may thus be prevented by low resource availability and competition.</p><p> 3 Two species (Alnus crispa and Populus balsamifera) had low seed germination and survivorship of germinated seeds; transplants of these species did not respond to the manipulations and lost biomass following transplanting into tundra. Isolated populations of these two species north of the present treeline in arctic Alaska probably became established during mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90Holocene warming rather than in recent times.</p><p> 4 Of all the species studied here, Picea glauca was the most likely to invade intact upland tundra. Its seeds had the highest germination rates and it was the only species whose seedlings survived subsequently. Furthermore, transplanted seedlings of Picea glauca had relatively high survivorship and positive growth in tundra, especially in treatments that increased air temperature or nutrient availability, two factors likely to increase with climate warming.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "nutrient-availability", "air-temperature", "tundra", "-Alaska", "Betulaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Arctic-tundra", "Coniferopsida-: Gymnospermae-", "natural-regeneration", "Environmental-Sciences)", "growth-", "01 natural sciences", "seedlings-", "Picea-glauca", "Betula-papyrifera", "tundra-", "soil-fertility", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "Spermatophyta-", "treelines-", "Plantae-", "USA", "tree-establishment", "resource-availability", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Populus-balsamifera (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Angiosperms-", "transplanting-", "Angiospermae-", "15. Life on land", "Plant-ecology:-communities", "Populus-balsamifera", "Betula-papyrifera (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "Populus-tremuloides", "climate-", "interspecific-competition", "germination", "Populus-tremuloides (Salicaceae-): seedling-", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "Picea-glauca (Coniferopsida-): seedling-", "Dicots-", "seed-germination", "Alnus-crispa", "plant-competition", "Alnus-crispa (Betulaceae-): seedling-", "survival-", "establishment-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.13660", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-01", "title": "Experimental evidence of strong relationships between soil microbial communities and plant germination", "description": "Abstract<p>   <p>Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated microbes play essential roles in nutrient uptake and plant productivity, but their role in driving plant germination, a critical stage in the plant life cycle, is still poorly understood.</p>  <p>We used data from a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale, field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based soil seed bank study to examine the relationship among plants germinating from the seed bank and soil microbial community composition. We combined this with an experiment using 34 laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based microcosms whereby sterile soil was inoculated with microbes from different field sites to examine how microbes affect the germination of nine plant species.</p>  <p>The community composition of plants in the soil seed bank was highly and significantly associated with bacterial and fungal community composition, with stronger correlations for soil beneath plant canopies. Microbes predicted a unique portion of the variation in the community composition of germinants after accounting for differences in environmental variables. The strongest correlations among microbes and plant functional traits included those related to perenniality, growth form, plant size, root type and seed shape. Our microcosm study showed that different plant species had their own associated germination microbiome, and most plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions were positive during germination.</p>  <p>Synthesis. Our study provides evidence for intimate relationships between plant and soil biodiversity during germination. Our work fills an important knowledge gap for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions and reveals valuable insights into the shared natural history of plants and microbes in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["Plant germination", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Soil seed bank", "Fungi", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "Microbes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant-microbial association", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Germinants"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13660"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.13660", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.13660", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.13660"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-27", "title": "Warming And Elevated Co2affect The Relationship Between Seed Mass, Germinability And Seedling Growth In Austrodanthonia Caespitosa, A Dominant Australian Grass", "description": "Abstract<p>While the influence of elevated CO2 on the production, mass and quality of plant seeds has been well studied, the effect of warming on these characters is largely unknown; and there is practically no information on possible interactions between warming and elevated CO2, despite the importance of these characters in population maintenance and recovery. Here, we present the impacts of elevated CO2 and warming, both in isolation and combination, on seed production, mass, quality, germination success and subsequent seedling growth of Austrodanthonia caespitosa, a dominant temperate C3 grass from Australia, using seeds collected from the TasFACE experiment. Mean seed production and mass were not significantly affected by either elevated CO2 or warming, but elevated CO2 more than doubled the proportion of very light, inviable seeds (P &lt; 0.05) and halved mean seed N concentration (P &lt; 0.04) and N content (P &lt; 0.03). The dependence of seed germination success on seed mass was affected by an elevated CO2\uffc3\uff97 warming interaction (P &lt; 0.004), such that maternal exposure to elevated CO2 or warming reduced germination if applied in isolation, but not when applied in combination. Maternal effects were retained when seedlings were grown in a common environment for 6 weeks, with seedlings descended from warmed plants 20% smaller (P &lt; 0.008) with a higher root\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83shoot ratio (P &lt; 0.001) than those from unwarmed plants. Given that both elevated CO2 and warming reduced seed mass, quality, germinability or seedling growth, it is likely that global change will reduce population growth or distribution of this dominant species.</p>", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "germination", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "grasslands", "carbon dioxide", "seeds", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0028601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-14", "title": "Effects Of Increased Nitrogen Deposition And Precipitation On Seed And Seedling Production Of Potentilla Tanacetifolia In A Temperate Steppe Ecosystem", "description": "The responses of plant seeds and seedlings to changing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation regimes determine plant population dynamics and community composition under global change.In a temperate steppe in northern China, seeds of P. tanacetifolia were collected from a field-based experiment with N addition and increased precipitation to measure changes in their traits (production, mass, germination). Seedlings germinated from those seeds were grown in a greenhouse to examine the effects of improved N and water availability in maternal and offspring environments on seedling growth. Maternal N-addition stimulated seed production, but it suppressed seed mass, germination rate and seedling biomass of P. tanacetifolia. Maternal N-addition also enhanced responses of seedlings to N and water addition in the offspring environment. Maternal increased-precipitation stimulated seed production, but it had no effect on seed mass and germination rate. Maternal increased-precipitation enhanced seedling growth when grown under similar conditions, whereas seedling responses to offspring N- and water-addition were suppressed by maternal increased-precipitation. Both offspring N-addition and increased-precipitation stimulated growth of seedlings germinated from seeds collected from the maternal control environment without either N or water addition. Our observations indicate that both maternal and offspring environments can influence seedling growth of P. tanacetifolia with consequent impacts on the future population dynamics of this species in the study area.The findings highlight the importance of the maternal effects on seed and seedling production as well as responses of offspring to changing environmental drivers in mechanistic understanding and projecting of plant population dynamics under global change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Rain", "Q", "R", "Water", "Germination", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Seedlings", "Potentilla", "Seeds", "Medicine", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0028601"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0028601", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0028601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0028601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0028601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-14", "title": "Effects Of Increased Nitrogen Deposition And Precipitation On Seed And Seedling Production Of Potentilla Tanacetifolia In A Temperate Steppe Ecosystem", "description": "The responses of plant seeds and seedlings to changing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation regimes determine plant population dynamics and community composition under global change.In a temperate steppe in northern China, seeds of P. tanacetifolia were collected from a field-based experiment with N addition and increased precipitation to measure changes in their traits (production, mass, germination). Seedlings germinated from those seeds were grown in a greenhouse to examine the effects of improved N and water availability in maternal and offspring environments on seedling growth. Maternal N-addition stimulated seed production, but it suppressed seed mass, germination rate and seedling biomass of P. tanacetifolia. Maternal N-addition also enhanced responses of seedlings to N and water addition in the offspring environment. Maternal increased-precipitation stimulated seed production, but it had no effect on seed mass and germination rate. Maternal increased-precipitation enhanced seedling growth when grown under similar conditions, whereas seedling responses to offspring N- and water-addition were suppressed by maternal increased-precipitation. Both offspring N-addition and increased-precipitation stimulated growth of seedlings germinated from seeds collected from the maternal control environment without either N or water addition. Our observations indicate that both maternal and offspring environments can influence seedling growth of P. tanacetifolia with consequent impacts on the future population dynamics of this species in the study area.The findings highlight the importance of the maternal effects on seed and seedling production as well as responses of offspring to changing environmental drivers in mechanistic understanding and projecting of plant population dynamics under global change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Rain", "Q", "R", "Water", "Germination", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Seedlings", "Potentilla", "Seeds", "Medicine", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028601"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0028601", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0028601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0028601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1017349", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-30", "title": "Microplastics of different shapes increase seed germination synchrony while only films and fibers affect seed germination velocity", "description": "<p>Microplastics enter the soil in a variety of shapes and polymer types altering soil properties with known consequences for plant growth. However, the effects of a range of different microplastic shapes and types on seed germination are mostly unknown. Here, we established a glasshouse experiment that included 12 microplastic types representing different shapes (fibers, films, foams and fragments) and polymers, and mixed each of them with soil at a concentration of 0.4% (w/w). Fifty seeds of Daucus carota were sown and monitored for 49 days to evaluate different germination parameters. Our results showed that microplastic films and fibers decrease seed germination velocity as they may affect soil water status, likely interfering with different phases of seed germination: Seeds may imbibe toxic microplastic leachates, and be affected by a physical blockage; testa rupturing may be delayed as this also depends on water uptake. Microplastic toxic leachates may affect activity of enzymes key for seed germination, and delay embryo growth and radicle emergence. Microplastics, irrespective of their shape and polymer type, increase synchrony of seed germination, which might be linked with microplastics exerting a mild stress on seeds. The final percentage of germination was not affected by microplastics in soil, implying that microplastics did not affect seed viability. Our results showed that microplastics affect seed germination mainly as a function of their shape.</p>", "keywords": ["580", "Environmental sciences", "seed pores", "microplastic polymer type", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)", "testa ruptures", "timing", "GE1-350", "microplastic toxicity", "15. Life on land", "germination phases", "microplastic shape", "microplastic leachates"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yudi M. Lozano, Yudi M. Lozano, Putri U. Caesaria, Matthias C. Rillig, Matthias C. Rillig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1017349"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1017349", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1017349", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1017349"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2022.801343", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-14", "title": "Belowground Root Competition Alters the Grass Seedling Establishment Response to Light by a Nitrogen Addition and Mowing Experiment in a Temperate Steppe", "description": "<p>Predicting species responses to climate change and land use practices requires understanding both the direct effects of environmental factors as well as the indirect effects mediated by changes in belowground and aboveground competition. Belowground root competition from surrounding vegetation and aboveground light competition are two important factors affecting seedling establishment. However, few studies have jointly examined the effect of belowground root and light competition on seedling establishment, especially under long-term nitrogen addition and mowing. Here, we examined how belowground root competition from surrounding vegetation and aboveground light competition affect seedling establishment within a long-term nitrogen addition and mowing experiment. Seedlings of two grasses (Stipa krylovii and Cleistogenes squarrosa) were grown with and without belowground root competition under control, nitrogen addition, and mowing treatments, and their growth characteristics were monitored. The seedlings of the two grasses achieved higher total biomass, height, mean shoot and root mass, but a lower root/shoot ratio in the absence than in the presence of belowground root competition. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased shoot biomass, root biomass, and the survival of the two grasses. Regression analyses revealed that the biomass of the two grass was strongly negatively correlated with net primary productivity under belowground root competition, but with the intercept photosynthetic active radiation in the absence of belowground root competition. This experiment demonstrates that belowground root competition can alter the grass seedling establishment response to light in a long-term nitrogen addition and mowing experiment.</p", "keywords": ["belowground competition", "land use change", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen addition", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "light competition", "seedling germination"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.801343"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2022.801343", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2022.801343", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2022.801343"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants9060715", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-04", "title": "Biology and Management of Vulpia myuros\u2014An Emerging Weed Problem in No-Till Cropping Systems in Europe", "description": "<p>Recently, Vulpia myuros has become a problematic grass weed species in parts of Europe. It is most common in no-till cropping systems. The inherent tolerance to several selective grass weed herbicides is of serious concern to the successful management of V. myuros in arable farming. Here, we reviewed the available knowledge about the biology of V. myuros to identify knowledge gaps and assess management efforts to identify best practices for control. V. myuros is a winter-annual species producing seeds with a short dormancy that can germinate at a wide range of conditions. Seed longevity in the soil is short. Little information is available on the influence of V. myuros on crop yield but some results suggest that yield losses can be significant. The findings provide a better understanding of the weedy characteristics of V. myuros and highlight that management strategies in Europe need to be diversified and integrate preventive and cultural control methods. Finally, we identify some of the management tools that should be considered to minimize the impact of V. myuros on European farming and future needs for research to develop sustainable integrated weed management strategies.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "non-chemical weed control", "seed dormancy", "Botany", "seed germination", "Review", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "seed longevity", "chemical control", "vernalization", "cultural weed control", "integrated weed management", "QK1-989", "life cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/715/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9060715"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants9060715", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants9060715", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants9060715"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su142113828", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-26", "title": "Vermicomposting as a Sustainable Option for Managing Biomass of the Invasive Tree Acacia dealbata Link", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The tree Acacia dealbata is native to Australia but has become invasive in many parts of the world thanks to its N-fixing capacity and to the allelopathic compounds present in its biomass. We conducted a pilot-scale study to assess the potential conversion of A. dealbata biomass by vermicomposting via the earthworm Eisenia andrei. The flowering aerial A. dealbata biomass was shredded and placed in a vermireactor under greenhouse conditions for 56 days. The vermicomposted material was sampled every two weeks to analyse its biological and chemical parameters. The phytotoxicity of the fresh A. dealbata material and vermicompost was assessed via an ecotoxicological test with Lepidium sativum seeds. The activity of the earthworms caused strong modifications of the properties of the processed material: the electric conductivity, basal respiration, and organic matter content were reduced, whereas the concentrations of other elements such as N, P, or Zn increased. The earthworm biomass increased steadily until day 42 and then decreased, probably due to the depletion of labile organic matter during the initial stages of vermicomposting. The fresh A. dealbata material reduced the germination and radicle elongation of L. sativum, whereas vermicompost showed the same values as control. The produced vermicompost was an organic fertiliser rich in N and was not phytotoxic. Vermicomposting provides an opportunity to create a new value chain for the control of the invasive tree A. dealbata.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2401.91 Invertebrados no Insectos", "<i>Eisenia andrei</i>; epigeic earthworms; germination tests; organic fertiliser; phytotoxicity", "24 Ciencias de la Vida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13828/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13828/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113828"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su142113828", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su142113828", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su142113828"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/358375", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-30", "title": "Do soil features condition seed germination of gypsophiles and gypsovags? An analysis of the effect of natural soils along an alkalinity gradient", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Edaphic endemism", "13. Climate action", "Gypsovag", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Distribution", "15. Life on land", "Seed germination", "16. Peace & justice", "Gypsophile", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/358375"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/358375", "name": "item", "description": "10261/358375", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/358375"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11820/12b4bd0c-a7f2-4498-8a12-4e8d67d36241", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests", "description": "This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Ash", "Germination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Soil", "Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Geological Engineering", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BMCHTC", "Hydrochar", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/beschrecart/article/1073/viewcontent/Toxicity_screening_of_biochar_mineral_composites_using_germination_tests.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11820/12b4bd0c-a7f2-4498-8a12-4e8d67d36241"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11820/12b4bd0c-a7f2-4498-8a12-4e8d67d36241", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11820/12b4bd0c-a7f2-4498-8a12-4e8d67d36241", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11820/12b4bd0c-a7f2-4498-8a12-4e8d67d36241"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/393730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-10", "title": "Macro- and microplastics leachates: Characterization and impact on seed germination", "description": "Although plastic mulch enhances crop yield, its removal and disposal present significant challenges, contributing to macro- and microplastic pollution in agricultural soils. The adverse effects of this pollution on soil and plant health are not fully understood but may stem from the plastic particles or the toxicity of leached chemical additives. This study assessed the impact of macro- and microplastics from nondegradable LDPE-based (LDPEb) and biodegradable PBAT-based (PBATb) mulch films, along with their leachates, on the germination of three plant species. After seven days of incubation, PBAT mulch leached compounds that significantly inhibited Arabidopsis germination, while cotton and tomato exhibited notable tolerance. Notably, PBATb mulch released a higher concentration of compounds, whereas LDPEb mulch exhibited a greater diversity of leached chemicals. Microplastic particles alone did not hinder seed germination, indicating that plastic toxicity primarily arises from the leachates. Many of these leached compounds lack global regulation and hazard information, underscoring the urgent need for further investigation into their environmental impacts and the development of appropriate regulatory frameworks to mitigate the potential toxicity of chemicals from conventional and biodegradable mulches.", "keywords": ["Plastic mulch", "Toxicity", "ddc:550", "Microplastics", "Arabidopsis", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Germination", "02 engineering and technology", "Plant health", "01 natural sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Contaminants", "Seeds", "Life Science", "Soil Pollutants", "Environmental toxicology", "Plastics", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Plastic additives", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/393730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/393730", "name": "item", "description": "10261/393730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/393730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7717/peerj.14485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-01", "title": "Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China", "description": "<p>Seed germination is a key stage in the life history of plants, which has a crucial effect on plant community structure. Climate change has substantially altered the surface soil temperature and light availability, which can affect seed germination. However, whether the seed germination of different functional groups is affected by the interactions of light and temperature remains unclear. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of low temperature and darkness, as well as their interaction, on the seed germination of 16 species belonging to three plant functional groups (annual and biennials, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) in a typical steppe, Northern China. We found that low temperature had a significant negative effect on seed germination of all species. Low temperature significantly decreased the final germination percentage and germinative force of the three plant functional groups, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. Darkness significantly decreased the germinative force of perennial forbs and total seeds, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. The interactive effects of light and temperature on the seed final germination percentage and germinative force of perennial grass indicated that darkness strengthened the inhibitory effect of low temperature on the seed germination of the grass functional group. Our study indicate that the seed germination of different plant functional groups varied greatly in response to changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that future climate change could alter the regeneration and species composition of plant communities through changing seed germination.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "QH301-705.5", "R", "Temperature", "Germination", "Germination percentage", "semiarid region", "Darkness", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "Medicine", "Biology (General)", "Agricultural Science", "Global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14485"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PeerJ", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7717/peerj.14485", "name": "item", "description": "10.7717/peerj.14485", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7717/peerj.14485"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10029/626348", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-09", "title": "Nano- and microplastics commonly cause adverse impacts on plants at environmentally relevant levels: A systematic review", "description": "Over the last years there has been significant research on the presence and effects of plastics in terrestrial systems. Here we summarize current research findings on the effects of nano- and microplastics (NMPs) on terrestrial plants, with the aim to determine patterns of response and sensitive endpoints. We conducted a systematic review (based on 78 studies) on the effects of NMPs on germination, plant growth and biochemical biomarkers. This review highlights that the majority of studies to date have used pristine polystyrene or polyethylene particles, either in a hydroponic or pot-plant setup. Based on these studies we found that effects on plants are widespread. We noted similar responses between and within monocots and dicots to NMPs, except for consistent lower germination seen in dicots exposed to NMPs. During early development, germination and root growth are more strongly affected compared to shoot growth. NMPs induced similar adverse growth effects on plant biomass and length in the most tested plant species (lettuce, wheat, corn, and rice) irrespective of the polymer type and size used. Moreover, biomarker responses were consistent across species; chlorophyll levels were commonly negatively affected, while stress indicators (e.g., ROS or free radicals) and stress respondents (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) were consistently upregulated. In addition, effects were commonly observed at environmentally relevant levels. These findings provide clear evidence that NMPs have wide-ranging impacts on plant performance. However, as most studies have been conducted under highly controlled conditions and with pristine plastics, there is an urgent need to test under more environmentally realistic conditions to ensure the lab-based studies can be extrapolated to the field.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Terrestrial plants", "Systematic review", "Germination", "Biochemical stress", "Biomass", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Seed germination", "Plastics", "Nano- and microplastic", "Plant growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/458821/1/prod_478312-doc_195935.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10029/626348"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10029/626348", "name": "item", "description": "10029/626348", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10029/626348"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10029/626877", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-21", "title": "Species-dependent responses of crop plants to polystyrene microplastics", "description": "Only recently there has been a strong focus on the impacts of microplastics on terrestrial crop plants. This study aims to examine and compare the effects of microplastics on two monocotyledonous (barley, Hordeum vulgare and wheat, Triticum aestivum), and two dicotyledonous (carrot, Daucus carota and lettuce, Lactuca sativa) plant species through two complimentary experiments. First, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high (103, 105, 107 particles per mL) concentrations of 500\u00a0nm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on seed germination and early development. We found species-dependent effects on the early development, with microplastics only significantly affecting lettuce and carrot. When acutely exposed during germination, PS-MPs significantly delayed the germination of lettuce by 24%, as well as promoted the shoot growth of carrot by 71% and decreased its biomass by 26%. No effect was recorded on monocot species. Secondly, we performed a chronic (21\u00a0d) hydroponic experiment on lettuce and wheat. We observed that PS-MPs significantly reduced the shoot growth of lettuce by up to 35% and increased its biomass by up to 64%, while no record was reported on wheat. In addition, stress level indicators and defence mechanisms were significantly up-regulated in both lettuce and wheat seedlings. Overall, this study shows that PS-MPs affect plant development: impacts were recorded on both germination and growth for dicots, and responses identified by biochemical markers of stress were increased in both lettuce and wheat. This highlights species-dependent effects as the four crops were grown under identical conditions to allow direct comparison. For future research, our study emphasizes the need to focus on crop specific effects, while also working towards knowledge of plastic-induced impacts at environmentally relevant conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microplastics", "Microplastic", "ta1183", "Biochemical indicators of stress", "Agriculture", "Germination", "15. Life on land", "Seed germination", "Seedlings", "Polystyrenes", "microplastic", "Plastics", "Triticum", "agriculture", "Plant growth", "Lactuca"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10029/626877"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10029/626877", "name": "item", "description": "10029/626877", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10029/626877"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10029/627625", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-15", "title": "Comparing the impact of microplastics derived from a biodegradable and a conventional plastic mulch on plant performance", "description": "Agricultural lands have been identified as plastic sinks. One source is plastic mulches, which are a source of micro- and nano-sized plastics in agricultural soils. Because of their persistence, there is now a push towards developing biodegradable plastics, which are designed to undergo (partial) breakdown after entering the environment. Yet, limited research has investigated the impacts of both conventional and biodegradable plastics on distinct plants. Moreover, comparisons among studies are difficult due to differences in experimental design. This study directly compares the effects of artificially weathered conventional polyethylene (PE) and starch-based biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on four food crops, including two monocots (barley, Hordeum vulgare, and wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) and two dicots (carrot, Daucus carota, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.). We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant low, medium, and high (0.01\u00a0%, 0.1\u00a0%, 1\u00a0% w/w) concentrations of PE and starch-PBAT blend on seed germination (acute toxicity), and subsequently on plant growth and chlorophyll through a pot-plant experiment (chronic toxicity). Germination of all species was not affected by both plastics. However, root length was reduced for lettuce and wheat seedlings. No other effects were recorded on monocots. We observed a reduction in shoot length and bud wet weight of carrot seedlings for the highest concentration of PE and starch-PBAT blend. Chronic exposure resulted in a significant decrease in shoot biomass of barley and lettuce. Additionally, a positive increase in the number of leaves of lettuce was observed for both plastics. Chlorophyll content was increased in lettuce when exposed to PE and starch-PBAT blend. Overall, adverse effects in dicots were more abundant than in monocots. Importantly, we found that the biodegradable plastic caused more commonly adverse effects on plants compared to conventional plastic, which was confirmed by a mini-review of studies directly comparing the impact of conventional and biodegradable microplastics.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "seed germination", "Germination", "Biodegradable Plastics", "02 engineering and technology", "myrkyllisyys", "01 natural sciences", "630", "maatalous", "Soil Pollutants", "Triticum", "agriculture", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "mikromuovi", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Toxicity", "kasvien kasvu", "Microplastic", "toxicity", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "it\u00e4minen", "plant growth", "biodegradable plastic", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradable plastic", "Seed germination", "biohajoaminen", "6. Clean water", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "microplastic", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10029/627625"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10029/627625", "name": "item", "description": "10029/627625", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10029/627625"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11093/3991", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-26", "title": "Vermicomposting as a Sustainable Option for Managing Biomass of the Invasive Tree Acacia dealbata Link", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The tree Acacia dealbata is native to Australia but has become invasive in many parts of the world thanks to its N-fixing capacity and to the allelopathic compounds present in its biomass. We conducted a pilot-scale study to assess the potential conversion of A. dealbata biomass by vermicomposting via the earthworm Eisenia andrei. The flowering aerial A. dealbata biomass was shredded and placed in a vermireactor under greenhouse conditions for 56 days. The vermicomposted material was sampled every two weeks to analyse its biological and chemical parameters. The phytotoxicity of the fresh A. dealbata material and vermicompost was assessed via an ecotoxicological test with Lepidium sativum seeds. The activity of the earthworms caused strong modifications of the properties of the processed material: the electric conductivity, basal respiration, and organic matter content were reduced, whereas the concentrations of other elements such as N, P, or Zn increased. The earthworm biomass increased steadily until day 42 and then decreased, probably due to the depletion of labile organic matter during the initial stages of vermicomposting. The fresh A. dealbata material reduced the germination and radicle elongation of L. sativum, whereas vermicompost showed the same values as control. The produced vermicompost was an organic fertiliser rich in N and was not phytotoxic. Vermicomposting provides an opportunity to create a new value chain for the control of the invasive tree A. dealbata.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2401.91 Invertebrados no Insectos", "<i>Eisenia andrei</i>; epigeic earthworms; germination tests; organic fertiliser; phytotoxicity", "24 Ciencias de la Vida", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13828/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/13828/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11093/3991"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11093/3991", "name": "item", "description": "11093/3991", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11093/3991"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:59370", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-01", "title": "Experimental evidence of strong relationships between soil microbial communities and plant germination", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                                                                     <p>Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated microbes play essential roles in nutrient uptake and plant productivity, but their role in driving plant germination, a critical stage in the plant life cycle, is still poorly understood.</p>                                                                       <p>We used data from a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale, field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based soil seed bank study to examine the relationship among plants germinating from the seed bank and soil microbial community composition. We combined this with an experiment using 34 laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based microcosms whereby sterile soil was inoculated with microbes from different field sites to examine how microbes affect the germination of nine plant species.</p>                                                                       <p>The community composition of plants in the soil seed bank was highly and significantly associated with bacterial and fungal community composition, with stronger correlations for soil beneath plant canopies. Microbes predicted a unique portion of the variation in the community composition of germinants after accounting for differences in environmental variables. The strongest correlations among microbes and plant functional traits included those related to perenniality, growth form, plant size, root type and seed shape. Our microcosm study showed that different plant species had their own associated germination microbiome, and most plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions were positive during germination.</p>                                                                       <p>                           Synthesis                           . Our study provides evidence for intimate relationships between plant and soil biodiversity during germination. Our work fills an important knowledge gap for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions and reveals valuable insights into the shared natural history of plants and microbes in terrestrial ecosystems.                         </p>                                                               </p", "keywords": ["Plant germination", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Soil seed bank", "Fungi", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "Microbes", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant-microbial association", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Germinants"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:59370"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:59370", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:59370", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:59370"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39847881", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-10", "title": "Strategies of Physiological, Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Adaptation in Seedlings of Native Species Exposed to Mining Waste", "description": "Seeds of four native species of trees and shrubs (Larrea cuneifolia, Bulnesia retama, Plectrocarpa tetracantha and Prosopis flexuosa) were exposed to soil contaminated with As, Cu, Cd, and Zn from an abandoned gold mine to identify adaptation strategies. Several physiological, morpho-anatomical, and biochemical parameters were determined. The seed germination of L. cuneifolia, B. retama, and P. tetracantha was fully inhibited in 100\u202f% contaminated soil. Toxicological endpoints as NOEC, LOEC and IC50 ranged from 10\u202f% to 25\u202f% of soil contaminated with mining waste. Radicle elongation was the most sensitive variable to high metal(loid) concentrations, except for L. cuneifolia that hypocotyl elongation was the most affected parameter. P. flexuosa was selected to evaluate biochemical biomarkers and morpho-anatomical parameters. It showed an increase in radicle diameter and central radicle cylinder. A concentration-dependent increase in the O2\u00b7- production was observed in radicle and cotyledon. A peak of the enzymatic activity of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes in P. flexuosa seedlings showed a negative relationship between metal(loid) concentration and exposure time. After a drop in the enzymatic activity, an increase in the malondialdehyde content (lipid peroxidation) was observed. The tested native species could be useful for phytoremediation of soils with a very high degree of metal contamination. A further investigation should focus on strategies to improve soil physicochemical characteristics for plant survival at highest contamination levels.", "keywords": ["Metal", "Soil pollution", "Germination", "Catalase", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Environmental pollution", "Mining", "Phytoremediation", "Environmental sciences", "Soil", "Prosopis", "Ascorbate Peroxidases", "TD172-193.5", "Oxidative stress", "Seedlings", "Phytotoxicity", "Metals", " Heavy", "Seeds", "Arid environment", "Soil Pollutants", "GE1-350", "Peroxidase"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/39847881"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39847881", "name": "item", "description": "39847881", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39847881"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "541083e5-659d-4fe3-bc39-ec832e1d4fc9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[8.5, 49.78], [8.5, 49.96], [8.78, 49.96], [8.78, 49.78], [8.5, 49.78]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "Langzeitversuch"}, {"id": "Landwirtschaft"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Versuchsanlage"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "Field experimentation"}, {"id": "Agricultural research"}, {"id": "Research methods"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Field size"}, {"id": "Field shape"}, {"id": "plot design"}, {"id": "Geodesy"}, {"id": "Stocking density"}, {"id": "Germination"}, {"id": "Seed germination"}, {"id": "Varieties"}, {"id": "Seeds"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Dauerfeldversuch"}, {"id": "Dauerversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitfeldversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitversuch"}, {"id": "Dauerd\u00fcngungversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitd\u00fcngungsversuch"}, {"id": "DFV"}, {"id": "DDV"}, {"id": "DV"}, {"id": "Long-Term Field Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Trial"}, {"id": "Long-Term Field Trial"}, {"id": "Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Soil Experiment"}, {"id": "LTFE"}, {"id": "LTE"}, {"id": "LTSE"}, {"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Forschungsring e.V. 's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Forschungsring e.V. and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Forschungsring e.V. and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Forschungsring e.V. and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2022-06-07", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-07-15", "language": "eng", "title": "Long-term fertilization field experiment Darmstadt (Feld A) from 1981 to 2009 - Seed stock (Data collection)", "description": "Child table of \u201cLong-term fertilization field experiment Darmstadt (Feld A) from 1981 to 2009\u201d. Table with information about seed stock. General description can be found in the parent table - Plot information. More information about database schema, assorted literature overview, the detailed location plan, etc.can be found in the supplemental material.\n\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Boden", "Langzeitversuch", "Landwirtschaft", "Versuchsanlage", "agriculture", "Field experimentation", "Agricultural research", "Research methods", "Field size", "Field shape", "plot design", "Geodesy", "Stocking density", "Germination", "Seed germination", "Varieties", "Seeds", "Dauerfeldversuch", "Dauerversuch", "Langzeitfeldversuch", "Langzeitversuch", "Dauerd\u00fcngungversuch", "Langzeitd\u00fcngungsversuch", "DFV", "DDV", "DV", "Long-Term Field Experiment", "Long-Term Experiment", "Long-Term Trial", "Long-Term Field Trial", "Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment", "Long-Term Soil Experiment", "LTFE", "LTE", "LTSE", "opendata", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": "Dr. Christopher Brock", "organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 (0) 6155 8421 12"}], "emails": [{"value": "brock@forschungsring.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Brandschneise 5"], "city": "Darmstadt", "administrativeArea": "Hessen", "postalCode": "64295", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Meike Oltmanns", "organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 (0) 6155 8421 13"}], "emails": [{"value": "oltmanns@forschungsring.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Brandschneise 5"], "city": "Darmstadt", "administrativeArea": "Hessen", "postalCode": "64295", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=541083e5-659d-4fe3-bc39-ec832e1d4fc9", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/7f667e39-7f6a-40a9-8e1e-4efda1ecbfe3", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "541083e5-659d-4fe3-bc39-ec832e1d4fc9", "name": "item", "description": "541083e5-659d-4fe3-bc39-ec832e1d4fc9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/541083e5-659d-4fe3-bc39-ec832e1d4fc9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1981-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2009-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "c64b1d6e-ce78-4814-9dfd-4e80af3414da", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[8.5, 49.78], [8.5, 49.96], [8.78, 49.96], [8.78, 49.78], [8.5, 49.78]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "Langzeitversuch"}, {"id": "Landwirtschaft"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Versuchsanlage"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "Field experimentation"}, {"id": "Agricultural research"}, {"id": "Research methods"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Field size"}, {"id": "Field shape"}, {"id": "plot design"}, {"id": "Geodesy"}, {"id": "Seeds"}, {"id": "Stocking density"}, {"id": "Germination"}, {"id": "Seed germination"}, {"id": "Varieties"}, {"id": "Seeds"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Dauerfeldversuch"}, {"id": "Dauerversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitfeldversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitversuch"}, {"id": "Dauerd\u00fcngungversuch"}, {"id": "Langzeitd\u00fcngungsversuch"}, {"id": "DFV"}, {"id": "DDV"}, {"id": "DV"}, {"id": "Long-Term Field Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Trial"}, {"id": "Long-Term Field Trial"}, {"id": "Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment"}, {"id": "Long-Term Soil Experiment"}, {"id": "LTFE"}, {"id": "LTE"}, {"id": "LTSE"}, {"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Forschungsring e.V. 's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Forschungsring e.V. and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does theForschungsring e.V. and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Forschungsring e.V. and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2022-06-08", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-08-13", "language": "eng", "title": "Long-term fertilization field experiment Darmstadt (Feld E) from 1996 to 2009 - Seed stock (Data collection)", "description": "Child table of \u201cLong-term fertilization field experiment Darmstadt (Feld E) from 1996 to 2009\u201d. Table with information about seed stock. General description can be found in the parent table - Plot information. More information about database schema, assorted literature overview, the detailed location plan, etc.can be found in the supplemental material.\n\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Boden", "Langzeitversuch", "Landwirtschaft", "Versuchsanlage", "agriculture", "Field experimentation", "Agricultural research", "Research methods", "Field size", "Field shape", "plot design", "Geodesy", "Seeds", "Stocking density", "Germination", "Seed germination", "Varieties", "Seeds", "Dauerfeldversuch", "Dauerversuch", "Langzeitfeldversuch", "Langzeitversuch", "Dauerd\u00fcngungversuch", "Langzeitd\u00fcngungsversuch", "DFV", "DDV", "DV", "Long-Term Field Experiment", "Long-Term Experiment", "Long-Term Trial", "Long-Term Field Trial", "Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment", "Long-Term Soil Experiment", "LTFE", "LTE", "LTSE", "opendata", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": "Dr. Christopher Brock", "organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 (0) 6155 8421 12"}], "emails": [{"value": "brock@forschungsring.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Brandschneise 5"], "city": "Darmstadt", "administrativeArea": "Hessen", "postalCode": "64295", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Meike Oltmanns", "organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 (0) 6155 8421 13"}], "emails": [{"value": "oltmanns@forschungsring.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Brandschneise 5"], "city": "Darmstadt", "administrativeArea": "Hessen", "postalCode": "64295", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Forschungsring e.V.", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=c64b1d6e-ce78-4814-9dfd-4e80af3414da", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/54d3aeca-8fe7-4166-932f-736c1c906d1d", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "c64b1d6e-ce78-4814-9dfd-4e80af3414da", "name": "item", "description": "c64b1d6e-ce78-4814-9dfd-4e80af3414da", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/c64b1d6e-ce78-4814-9dfd-4e80af3414da"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1996-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2009-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "PMC9331913", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:24:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-14", "title": "Belowground Root Competition Alters the Grass Seedling Establishment Response to Light by a Nitrogen Addition and Mowing Experiment in a Temperate Steppe", "description": "<p>Predicting species responses to climate change and land use practices requires understanding both the direct effects of environmental factors as well as the indirect effects mediated by changes in belowground and aboveground competition. Belowground root competition from surrounding vegetation and aboveground light competition are two important factors affecting seedling establishment. However, few studies have jointly examined the effect of belowground root and light competition on seedling establishment, especially under long-term nitrogen addition and mowing. Here, we examined how belowground root competition from surrounding vegetation and aboveground light competition affect seedling establishment within a long-term nitrogen addition and mowing experiment. Seedlings of two grasses (Stipa krylovii and Cleistogenes squarrosa) were grown with and without belowground root competition under control, nitrogen addition, and mowing treatments, and their growth characteristics were monitored. The seedlings of the two grasses achieved higher total biomass, height, mean shoot and root mass, but a lower root/shoot ratio in the absence than in the presence of belowground root competition. Nitrogen addition significantly decreased shoot biomass, root biomass, and the survival of the two grasses. Regression analyses revealed that the biomass of the two grass was strongly negatively correlated with net primary productivity under belowground root competition, but with the intercept photosynthetic active radiation in the absence of belowground root competition. This experiment demonstrates that belowground root competition can alter the grass seedling establishment response to light in a long-term nitrogen addition and mowing experiment.</p", "keywords": ["belowground competition", "land use change", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen addition", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "light competition", "seedling germination"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9331913"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9331913", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9331913", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9331913"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC9744151", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:24:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-01", "title": "Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Seed germination is a key stage in the life history of plants, which has a crucial effect on plant community structure. Climate change has substantially altered the surface soil temperature and light availability, which can affect seed germination. However, whether the seed germination of different functional groups is affected by the interactions of light and temperature remains unclear. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of low temperature and darkness, as well as their interaction, on the seed germination of 16 species belonging to three plant functional groups (annual and biennials, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) in a typical steppe, Northern China. We found that low temperature had a significant negative effect on seed germination of all species. Low temperature significantly decreased the final germination percentage and germinative force of the three plant functional groups, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. Darkness significantly decreased the germinative force of perennial forbs and total seeds, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. The interactive effects of light and temperature on the seed final germination percentage and germinative force of perennial grass indicated that darkness strengthened the inhibitory effect of low temperature on the seed germination of the grass functional group. Our study indicate that the seed germination of different plant functional groups varied greatly in response to changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that future climate change could alter the regeneration and species composition of plant communities through changing seed germination.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "QH301-705.5", "R", "Temperature", "Germination", "Germination percentage", "semiarid region", "Darkness", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "Medicine", "Biology (General)", "Agricultural Science", "Global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9744151"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PeerJ", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9744151", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9744151", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9744151"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=germination&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=germination&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=germination&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=germination&offset=30", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 30, "numberReturned": 30, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T07:42:07.547925Z"}