{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-27", "title": "Vanishing permanent glaciers: climate change is threatening a European Union habitat (Code 8340) and its poorly known biodiversity", "description": "The cryosphere (i.e. glaciers and permafrost) and its related landforms offer a wide range of ecosystem services, thus they have strong relationships with human population. Even if these harsh environments have often been regarded as inhospitable, there is a growing amount of literature on glacial biodiversity, specifically concerning European mountains. Glaciers and permafrost-related landforms (e.g. rock glaciers) host a variety of cold-adapted taxa, from bacteria to vertebrates. They have been included in the Natura 2000 network, specifically in the habitat type: Permanent Glaciers (code 8340), but their biodiversity is still poorly known. Even if local extinctions and population reductions of cold-adapted species due to glacier and permafrost shrinking have been already documented, none of the species living in this habitat type are listed in the Habitat Directive Annexes. With this commentary, we call for urgent actions for an ecological characterization of this habitat type in order to plan monitoring and management of the biodiversity hosted by them. An increased knowledge of this no longer permanent habitat appears particularly urgent, because it is not replaceable and is likely to go extinct in the next decades.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Cold-adapted species", " Cryosphere", " Glacial biodiversity", " Glacier retreat", " Habitat monitoring programme", " Permafrost", "Permafrost", "Cold-adapted specie", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Cold-adapted species; Cryosphere; Glacial biodiversity; Glacier retreat; Habitat monitoring programme; Permafrost", "Habitat monitoring programme", "13. Climate action", "Cold-adapted species", "14. Life underwater", "Cryosphere", "Glacier retreat", "Glacial biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/851702/2/Gobbi%202021%20submitted%20version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biodiversity%20and%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10531-021-02185-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2022gl101210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-01", "title": "Contrasting Export of Particulate Organic Carbon From Greenlandic Glacial and Nonglacial Streams", "description": "Abstract<p>On\uffe2\uff80\uff90going shrinkage of Greenland's icecap, permafrost thaw, and changes in precipitation are exposing its landscapes to erosion and remobilization of ancient organic carbon (OC) held in soils and sedimentary rocks. The fate of this OC and potential feedbacks to climate are still unclear. Here, we show that the glacial Zackenberg river (Northeastern Greenland) exports aged particulate OC (POC, uncalibrated radiocarbon ages of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc4,000\uffc2\uffa0years). Many of the smaller periglacial streams affected by abrupt permafrost thaw transport substantially older POC (up to 32,000\uffc2\uffa0years), especially with enhanced discharge following intense precipitation. Mineralogical analysis, and density and size fractionation of soils and both glacial and nonglacial river sediments reveal that OC is largely associated with phyllosilicate minerals, suggesting stabilization against microbial processing. Enhanced export of ancient, mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated OC as a consequence of summer rainfall may accelerate translocation of OC from terrestrial to marine environments, but could have limited consequences for climate.</p", "keywords": ["particulate organic carbon", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "glacier", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "stream", "Greenland", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "radiocarbon", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl101210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2022gl101210", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2022gl101210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2022gl101210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1462-2920.16268", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-03", "title": "Environmental micro\u2010niche filtering shapes bacterial pioneer communities during primary colonization of a Himalayas' glacier forefield", "description": "Abstract<p>The pedogenesis from the mineral substrate released upon glacier melting has been explained with the succession of consortia of pioneer microorganisms, whose structure and functionality are determined by the environmental conditions developing in the moraine. However, the microbiome variability that can be expected in the environmentally heterogeneous niches occurring in a moraine at a given successional stage is poorly investigated. In a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2 area in the forefield of the Lobuche glacier (Himalayas, 5050\uffe2\uff80\uff89m above sea level), we studied six sites of primary colonization presenting different topographical features (orientation, elevation and slope) and harbouring greyish/dark biological soil crusts (BSCs). The spatial vicinity of the sites opposed to their topographical differences, allowed us to examine the effect of environmental conditions independently from the time of deglaciation. The bacterial microbiome diversity and their co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence network, the bacterial metabolisms predicted from 16S rRNA gene high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput sequencing, and the microbiome intact polar lipids were investigated in the BSCs and the underlying sediment deep layers (DLs). Different bacterial microbiomes inhabited the BSCs and the DLs, and their composition varied among sites, indicating a niche\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific role of the micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental conditions in the bacterial communities' assembly. In the heterogeneous sediments of glacier moraines, physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic variations at the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90spatial scale are crucial in shaping the microbiome microvariability and structuring the pioneer bacterial communities during pedogenesis.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Pedogenesis", "0303 health sciences", "Glacier Foreland Succession", "Bacteria", "Biological soil crust", "15. Life on land", "Primary Colonization", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Glacier Moraines", "Cold Deserts", "Pioneer Bacterial Communities", "Ice Cover", "Soil moisture", "Research Articles", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/949070/2/Rolli%20et%20al%202022%20Environmental%20micro%e2%80%90niche%20filtering%20shapes%20bacterial%20pioneer%20communities.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=302678/40A25368-9064-4886-B8E6-E7942511FA71.pdf&pub_id=302678"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16268"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.16268", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.16268", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.16268"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rspa.2019.0098", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle", "description": "<p>             Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO             2             removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (\uffce\uffb4             30             Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial \uffce\uffb4             30             Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 versus +1.38\uffe2\uff80\uffb0). Glacial \uffce\uffb4             30             Si             ASi             composition ranges from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff920.86\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and \uffce\uffb4             30             Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments.           </p", "keywords": ["glaciers and ice sheets", "550", "subglacial weathring", "subglacial weathering", "Review Article", "15. Life on land", "Glaciers and Ice Sheets", "01 natural sciences", "Silicon Isotopes", "silicon isotopes", "silicon cycle", "13. Climate action", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450", "Silicon Cycle", "Subglacial Weathering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2019.0098"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0098"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rspa.2019.0098", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rspa.2019.0098", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rspa.2019.0098"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ecog.05478", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-07", "title": "Multi\u2010taxa colonisation along the foreland of a vanishing equatorial glacier", "description": "<p>Retreating glaciers, icons of climate change, release new potential habitats for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation species are threatened by temperature increases and the upward migration of lowlands species. Improving our understanding of successional processes after glacier retreat becomes urgent, especially in the tropics, where glacier shrinkage is particularly fast. We examined the successional patterns of aquatic invertebrates, ground beetles, terrestrial plants, soil eukaryotes (algae, invertebrates, plants) in an equatorial glacier foreland (Carihuairazo, Ecuador). Based on both taxonomical identification and eDNA metabarcoding, we analysed the effects of both environmental conditions and age of deglacierization on community composition. Except for algae, diversity increased with time since deglacierization, especially among passive dispersers, suggesting that dispersal was a key driver structuring the glacier foreland succession. Spatial \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90diversity was mainly attributed to nestedness for aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial plants and soil algae, likely linked to low environmental variability within the studied glacier foreland; and to turnover for soil invertebrates, suggesting competition exclusion at the oldest successional stage. Pioneer communities were dominated by species exhibiting flexible feeding strategies and high dispersal ability (mainly transported by wind), probably colonising from lower altitudes, or from the glacier in the case of algae. Overall, glacier foreland colonisation in the tropics exhibit common characteristics to higher latitudes. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation species are nevertheless threatened, as the imminent extinction of many tropical glaciers will affect species associated to glacier\uffe2\uff80\uff90influenced habitats but also prevent cold\uffe2\uff80\uff90adapted and hygrophilous species from using these habitats as refuges in a warming world.</p>", "keywords": ["Colonization", "[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", "550", "Early succession", "glacier retreat", "Sociology", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "Environmental DNA Sequencing", "Glacier", "Ecology", "Geography", "early succession", "Life Sciences", "Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "Biodiversity", "[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "Threatened species", "FOS: Sociology", "Multiple-taxa", "multiple-taxa", "Habitat", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Physical Sciences", "environment/Ecosystems", "570", "Physical geography", "Population", "Global Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes and Their Evolution", "[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "Ecological succession", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Biological dispersal", "[SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", " Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "equatorial glacier foreland", "Equatorial glacier foreland", "Glacier retreat", "Molecular Biology", "Biology", "Demography", "Marine Microbial Diversity and Biogeography", "Colonisation", "South America", "15. Life on land", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "Environmental Science", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "early succession; equatorial glacier foreland; glacier retreat; multiple-taxa", "Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/851699/2/rosero%202021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecog.05478"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05478"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ecog.05478", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ecog.05478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ecog.05478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-20", "title": "A hole in the nematosphere: tardigrades and rotifers dominate the cryoconite hole environment, whereas nematodes are missing", "description": "Abstract<p>The worldwide distribution of microinvertebrates on glaciers, the coldest biome, is poorly known. Owing to their tolerance to hostile conditions, small size and dispersal abilities, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers are considered cosmopolitan and together inhabit various ecosystems. In this study, we investigated their global distribution in cryoconite holes \uffe2\uff80\uff93 a type of freshwater reservoir forming directly in the glacial ice that creates biodiversity hotspots on glaciers. We analysed cryoconite samples (using classical microscopic observations and environmental DNA metabarcoding) from 42 glaciers located around the world (the Arctic, Subarctic, Scandinavia, the Alps, the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia, Africa, South America and Antarctica), as well as using literature data. Samples from Antarctic, Karakoram and the Alps were analysed using next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation sequencing (NGS) and classical observations under microscopes, while all other samples were analysed by microscope alone. Three general outcomes were found: (1) tardigrades and rotifers represented the most common invertebrates in cryoconite holes; (2) tardigrades and rotifers often coexisted together, with one or the other dominating, but the dominant taxon varied by region or by glacier; (3) nematodes \uffe2\uff80\uff93 the most abundant, hyperdiverse and widespread metazoans on Earth, including in environments surrounding and seeding glacial surfaces \uffe2\uff80\uff93 were consistently absent from cryoconite holes. Despite the general similarity of environmental conditions in cryoconite holes, the distribution of tardigrades and rotifers differed among glaciers, but not in any predictable way, suggesting that their distribution mostly depended on the random dispersal, extreme changes of supraglacial zone or competition. Although nematodes have been found in supraglacial habitats, cryoconite hole environments seem not to provide the necessary conditions for their growth and reproduction. Lack of physiological adaptations to permanently low temperatures (~0\uffc2\uffb0C) and competition for different food resources in the cryoconite hole environment may explain the absence of nematodes in cryoconite holes.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "550", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "500", "distribution; ecological selection; extremophiles; glaciers; Nematoda; psychrophiles; Rotifera; Tardigrada;", "15. Life on land", "ecological selection; extremophiles; distribution; glaciers; Nematoda; psychrophiles; Rotifera; Tardigrada"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/793600/4/Zawierucha%202020%20J%20Zool%20submitted%20manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/793600/5/jzo.12832.pdf"}, {"href": "https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Zoology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1594/pangaea.902194", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:49Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters", "description": "Open AccessSupplement to: Hatton, Jade Elizabeth; Hendry, Katharine R; Hawkings, Jonathan; Wadham, Jemma; Opfergelt, Sophie; Kohler, Tyler; Yde, Jacob; Stibal, Marek; \u017d\u00e1rsk\u00fd, Jakub (2019): Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of the subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle. Proceedings of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 475(2228)", "keywords": ["Silicon", "water", "Isotope CYcling in the LABrador Sea (ICY-LAB)", "silicon particulate amorphous", "electrical", "Chloride", "Chloride anion", "Sodium cation", "Temperature", " water", "Sulfate anion", "Silicon", " particulate amorphous", "particulate amorphous", "silicon dissolved", "DATE TIME", "Bicarbonate ion", "Magnesium", "Isotope CYcling in the LABrador Sea ICY LAB", "Glacier", "Fluoride", "LONGITUDE", "Ratio", "Calcium cation", "Conductivity", "Potassium cation", "pH", "Multiple investigations", "Sodium", "Temperature", "Suspended particulate matter", "\u03b430Si", "\u03b430Si", " silicon dissolved", "Conductivity", " electrical", "Sulfate", "Bicarbonate", "DATE/TIME", "13. Climate action", "Earth System Research", "LATITUDE", "Potassium", "Calcium", "\u03b430Si", " silicon particulate amorphous", "Magnesium cation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hatton, Jade Elizabeth, Hendry, Katharine R, Hawkings, Jonathan, Wadham, Jemma, Opfergelt, Sophie, Kohler, Tyler, Yde, Jacob, Stibal, Marek, \u017d\u00e1rsk\u00fd, Jakub,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.902194"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1594/pangaea.902194", "name": "item", "description": "10.1594/pangaea.902194", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1594/pangaea.902194"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/feart.2021.660333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-12", "title": "Editorial: Novel Isotope Systems and Biogeochemical Cycling During Cryospheric Weathering in Polar Environments", "description": "Cryospheric weathering processes in permafrost and glaciated environments play an essential role in carbon cycling within the Earth system. Chemical weathering of silicate, carbonate and sulfidebearing rocks releases cations and anions that can consume (or release) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as biologically important nutrients such as phosphorous, iron and silicon, which can impact downstream ecosystems (Figure 1). How these cryospheric weathering processes will respond to future climate-driven changes in permafrost thaw and glacial melt is difficult to predict due to the role of complex forcing mechanisms and feedbacks. Isotope geochemistry utilizes changes in the relative abundance of different isotopes due to physical, chemical and biological reactions, allowing some of the complexities of cryospheric weathering processes to be unpicked. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the range of stable and radiogenic isotope systems used for the study of high-latitude environments, including isotopes of major elements such as carbon, oxygen, and silicon (e.g., Opfergelt et al., 2013; Kutscher et al., 2017), and trace metal isotopes such as strontium (Hindshaw et al., 2014), lithium (Murphy et al., 2019), iron (Zhang et al., 2015), uranium-series (e.g., Arendt et al., 2018) and rare earth elements (e.g., Clinger et al., 2016). This research topic explores some of the developments in high-latitude field and experimental studies that utilize such geochemical tools to trace the degree and nature of weathering reactions that play a critical role in carbon cycling. The nine contributions to the research topic involve the analysis of traditional (C, N, S, O) and non-traditional (Mg, Li, Si, Ge) isotopes from different samples types such as river waters, lake waters, rocks, sediments, or mineral separates from locations both in the Northern (Greenland, Iceland, Canada, Svalbard) and Southern Hemisphere (Patagonia, Antarctica). Two papers use isotope geochemistry to explore organic and inorganic carbon cycling within permafrost and active layer soils. Jones et al. show that biogeochemical processes and decomposition pathways of organic carbon in ice-wedge polygons in Svalbard are dependent upon water and organic carbon content. Sulfur (\u03b434S) and oxygen (\u03b418O) isotopes show that iron and sulfate reduction processes dominate in water saturated, high organic carbon environments, whereas sulfide oxidation dominates in drier areas with less organic carbon. Zolkos and Tank use an experimental approach in combination with stable carbon isotopes (\u03b413CO2) to show that carbonate weathering coupled with sulfide oxidation in recently or previously unthawed Canadian permafrost sediments is a net source of inorganic CO2 to the atmosphere, albeit partly counterbalanced by carbonate buffering.", "keywords": ["glacier", "550", "Science", "Q", "551", "cryosphere", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "isotope", "permafrost", "geochemistry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.660333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/feart.2021.660333", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/feart.2021.660333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/feart.2021.660333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10754/685569", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-03", "title": "Environmental micro\u2010niche filtering shapes bacterial pioneer communities during primary colonization of a Himalayas' glacier forefield", "description": "Abstract<p>The pedogenesis from the mineral substrate released upon glacier melting has been explained with the succession of consortia of pioneer microorganisms, whose structure and functionality are determined by the environmental conditions developing in the moraine. However, the microbiome variability that can be expected in the environmentally heterogeneous niches occurring in a moraine at a given successional stage is poorly investigated. In a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2 area in the forefield of the Lobuche glacier (Himalayas, 5050\uffe2\uff80\uff89m above sea level), we studied six sites of primary colonization presenting different topographical features (orientation, elevation and slope) and harbouring greyish/dark biological soil crusts (BSCs). The spatial vicinity of the sites opposed to their topographical differences, allowed us to examine the effect of environmental conditions independently from the time of deglaciation. The bacterial microbiome diversity and their co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence network, the bacterial metabolisms predicted from 16S rRNA gene high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput sequencing, and the microbiome intact polar lipids were investigated in the BSCs and the underlying sediment deep layers (DLs). Different bacterial microbiomes inhabited the BSCs and the DLs, and their composition varied among sites, indicating a niche\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific role of the micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental conditions in the bacterial communities' assembly. In the heterogeneous sediments of glacier moraines, physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic variations at the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90spatial scale are crucial in shaping the microbiome microvariability and structuring the pioneer bacterial communities during pedogenesis.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Pedogenesis", "0303 health sciences", "Glacier Foreland Succession", "Bacteria", "Biological soil crust", "15. Life on land", "Primary Colonization", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Glacier Moraines", "Cold Deserts", "Pioneer Bacterial Communities", "Ice Cover", "Soil moisture", "Research Articles", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/949070/2/Rolli%20et%20al%202022%20Environmental%20micro%e2%80%90niche%20filtering%20shapes%20bacterial%20pioneer%20communities.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=302678/40A25368-9064-4886-B8E6-E7942511FA71.pdf&pub_id=302678"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10754/685569"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10754/685569", "name": "item", "description": "10754/685569", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10754/685569"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle", "description": "<p>             Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO             2             removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (\uffce\uffb4             30             Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial \uffce\uffb4             30             Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 versus +1.38\uffe2\uff80\uffb0). Glacial \uffce\uffb4             30             Si             ASi             composition ranges from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.05\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 to \uffe2\uff88\uff920.86\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and \uffce\uffb4             30             Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments.           </p", "keywords": ["glaciers and ice sheets", "550", "subglacial weathring", "subglacial weathering", "Review Article", "15. Life on land", "Glaciers and Ice Sheets", "01 natural sciences", "Silicon Isotopes", "silicon isotopes", "silicon cycle", "13. Climate action", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450", "Silicon Cycle", "Subglacial Weathering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2019.0098"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922", "name": "item", "description": "1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/3515273a-0447-4952-9222-0110bf0a7922"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1983/38cb9066-8784-4005-9693-98996b291220", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-12", "title": "Editorial: Novel Isotope Systems and Biogeochemical Cycling During Cryospheric Weathering in Polar Environments", "description": "Cryospheric weathering processes in permafrost and glaciated environments play an essential role in carbon cycling within the Earth system. Chemical weathering of silicate, carbonate and sulfidebearing rocks releases cations and anions that can consume (or release) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as biologically important nutrients such as phosphorous, iron and silicon, which can impact downstream ecosystems (Figure 1). How these cryospheric weathering processes will respond to future climate-driven changes in permafrost thaw and glacial melt is difficult to predict due to the role of complex forcing mechanisms and feedbacks. Isotope geochemistry utilizes changes in the relative abundance of different isotopes due to physical, chemical and biological reactions, allowing some of the complexities of cryospheric weathering processes to be unpicked. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the range of stable and radiogenic isotope systems used for the study of high-latitude environments, including isotopes of major elements such as carbon, oxygen, and silicon (e.g., Opfergelt et al., 2013; Kutscher et al., 2017), and trace metal isotopes such as strontium (Hindshaw et al., 2014), lithium (Murphy et al., 2019), iron (Zhang et al., 2015), uranium-series (e.g., Arendt et al., 2018) and rare earth elements (e.g., Clinger et al., 2016). This research topic explores some of the developments in high-latitude field and experimental studies that utilize such geochemical tools to trace the degree and nature of weathering reactions that play a critical role in carbon cycling. The nine contributions to the research topic involve the analysis of traditional (C, N, S, O) and non-traditional (Mg, Li, Si, Ge) isotopes from different samples types such as river waters, lake waters, rocks, sediments, or mineral separates from locations both in the Northern (Greenland, Iceland, Canada, Svalbard) and Southern Hemisphere (Patagonia, Antarctica). Two papers use isotope geochemistry to explore organic and inorganic carbon cycling within permafrost and active layer soils. Jones et al. show that biogeochemical processes and decomposition pathways of organic carbon in ice-wedge polygons in Svalbard are dependent upon water and organic carbon content. Sulfur (\u03b434S) and oxygen (\u03b418O) isotopes show that iron and sulfate reduction processes dominate in water saturated, high organic carbon environments, whereas sulfide oxidation dominates in drier areas with less organic carbon. Zolkos and Tank use an experimental approach in combination with stable carbon isotopes (\u03b413CO2) to show that carbonate weathering coupled with sulfide oxidation in recently or previously unthawed Canadian permafrost sediments is a net source of inorganic CO2 to the atmosphere, albeit partly counterbalanced by carbonate buffering.", "keywords": ["glacier", "550", "Science", "Q", "551", "cryosphere", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "isotope", "permafrost", "geochemistry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1983/38cb9066-8784-4005-9693-98996b291220"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1983/38cb9066-8784-4005-9693-98996b291220", "name": "item", "description": "1983/38cb9066-8784-4005-9693-98996b291220", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1983/38cb9066-8784-4005-9693-98996b291220"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/582974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:22:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-01", "title": "Contrasting Export of Particulate Organic Carbon From Greenlandic Glacial and Nonglacial Streams", "description": "Abstract<p>On\uffe2\uff80\uff90going shrinkage of Greenland's icecap, permafrost thaw, and changes in precipitation are exposing its landscapes to erosion and remobilization of ancient organic carbon (OC) held in soils and sedimentary rocks. The fate of this OC and potential feedbacks to climate are still unclear. Here, we show that the glacial Zackenberg river (Northeastern Greenland) exports aged particulate OC (POC, uncalibrated radiocarbon ages of \uffe2\uff88\uffbc4,000\uffc2\uffa0years). Many of the smaller periglacial streams affected by abrupt permafrost thaw transport substantially older POC (up to 32,000\uffc2\uffa0years), especially with enhanced discharge following intense precipitation. Mineralogical analysis, and density and size fractionation of soils and both glacial and nonglacial river sediments reveal that OC is largely associated with phyllosilicate minerals, suggesting stabilization against microbial processing. Enhanced export of ancient, mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated OC as a consequence of summer rainfall may accelerate translocation of OC from terrestrial to marine environments, but could have limited consequences for climate.</p", "keywords": ["particulate organic carbon", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "glacier", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "stream", "Greenland", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "radiocarbon", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "permafrost", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/582974"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/582974", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/582974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/582974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3132814296", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:23:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters", "description": "Open AccessSupplement to: Hatton, Jade Elizabeth; Hendry, Katharine R; Hawkings, Jonathan; Wadham, Jemma; Opfergelt, Sophie; Kohler, Tyler; Yde, Jacob; Stibal, Marek; \u017d\u00e1rsk\u00fd, Jakub (2019): Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of the subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle. Proceedings of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 475(2228)", "keywords": ["Silicon", "water", "Isotope CYcling in the LABrador Sea (ICY-LAB)", "silicon particulate amorphous", "electrical", "Chloride", "Chloride anion", "Sodium cation", "Temperature", " water", "Sulfate anion", "Silicon", " particulate amorphous", "particulate amorphous", "silicon dissolved", "DATE TIME", "Bicarbonate ion", "Magnesium", "Isotope CYcling in the LABrador Sea ICY LAB", "Glacier", "Fluoride", "LONGITUDE", "Ratio", "Calcium cation", "Conductivity", "Potassium cation", "pH", "Multiple investigations", "Sodium", "Temperature", "Suspended particulate matter", "\u03b430Si", "\u03b430Si", " silicon dissolved", "Conductivity", " electrical", "Sulfate", "Bicarbonate", "DATE/TIME", "13. Climate action", "Earth System Research", "LATITUDE", "Potassium", "Calcium", "\u03b430Si", " silicon particulate amorphous", "Magnesium cation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hatton, Jade Elizabeth, Hendry, Katharine R, Hawkings, Jonathan, Wadham, Jemma, Opfergelt, Sophie, Kohler, Tyler, Yde, Jacob, Stibal, Marek, \u017d\u00e1rsk\u00fd, Jakub,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3132814296"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3132814296", "name": "item", "description": "3132814296", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3132814296"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-35.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 83.0], [46.8, 83.0], [46.8, 27.0], [-35.0, 27.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "utilitiesCommunication"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Sea regions"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "water body"}, {"id": "drainage"}, {"id": "harbour"}, {"id": "estuary"}, {"id": "in situ"}, {"id": "administrative boundary"}, {"id": "transportation"}, {"id": "railway network"}, {"id": "waterfall"}, {"id": "route planning"}, {"id": "maritime transport"}, {"id": "railway"}, {"id": "dam"}, {"id": "car park"}, {"id": "lake"}, {"id": "glacier"}, {"id": "human settlement"}, {"id": "road"}, {"id": "airport"}, {"id": "highway"}, {"id": "geo-referenced data"}, {"id": "national boundary"}, {"id": "railway station"}, {"id": "water (geographic)"}, {"id": "river"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "built environment"}, {"id": "inland water"}, {"id": "international watercourse"}, {"id": "artificial lake"}, {"id": "vegetation"}, {"id": "coast"}, {"id": "high-speed railway"}, {"id": "geography"}, {"id": "tidal water"}, {"id": "waterway"}, {"id": "surface water"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Montenegro"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, {"id": "North Macedonia"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Serbia"}, {"id": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "EU27 (2007-2013)"}, {"id": "EFTA4"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}], "rights": "Please refer to the documents GISCO-LicenseconditionsforEuroGeographicsAdministrativeandTopographicspatialdatasets-080716-1335-618.pdf  and Data_Request_Form_EuroGeographics.doc under ERM9/Licence.", "updated": "2021-09-21T07:30:30.026Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2006-12-31", "language": "eng", "title": "EuroRegionalMap (full European coverage) - version 9.0, Jan. 2016", "description": "EuroRegionalMap v9.0 is a pan-European dataset containing topographic information at the scale 1:250 000 covering: 27 EU member states (excluding Croatia), 4 EFTA states (Liechtenstein, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland), Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Kosovo and Georgia. It is a seamless and harmonised data and is produced in cooperation by the National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies of Europe, using official national databases.\n\nThematic layers: \nAdministrative Boundaries,\nHydrography,\nSettlements,\nTransport,\nPoints of Interests,\nNamed Location,\nMiscellaneous,\nVegetation and \nSoil.", "formats": [{"name": "GDB"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Sea regions", "Hydrography", "Transport networks", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Administrative units", "water body", "drainage", "harbour", "estuary", "in situ", "administrative boundary", "transportation", "railway network", "waterfall", "route planning", "maritime transport", "railway", "dam", "car park", "lake", "glacier", "human settlement", "road", "airport", "highway", "geo-referenced data", "national boundary", "railway station", "water (geographic)", "river", "built-up area", "built environment", "inland water", "international watercourse", "artificial lake", "vegetation", "coast", "high-speed railway", "geography", "tidal water", "waterway", "surface water", "Montenegro", "Monaco", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "North Macedonia", "Andorra", "Serbia", "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "Georgia", "Moldova", "EU27 (2007-2013)", "EFTA4", "European"], "denominator": "250000", "edition": "90"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b", "name": "item", "description": "85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/85a5772c-d86c-4d39-bb0a-6140a8486a1b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2015-05-01T00:00:00Z", "2015-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-35.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 84.0], [47.0, 84.0], [47.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 27.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Mineral resources"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Energy resources"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Production and industrial facilities"}, {"id": "Protected sites"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Geographical names"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EU28 (2013-2020)"}, {"id": "Faeroe Islands"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Isle of Man"}, {"id": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)"}, {"id": "North Macedonia"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "Vatican"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "EFTA4"}, {"id": "Liechtenstein"}, {"id": "Serbia"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "harbour"}, {"id": "estuary"}, {"id": "surface water"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "data base"}, {"id": "road"}, {"id": "high-speed railway"}, {"id": "geo-referenced data"}, {"id": "airport"}, {"id": "dam"}, {"id": "drainage"}, {"id": "tidal water"}, {"id": "international watercourse"}, {"id": "river"}, {"id": "car park"}, {"id": "waterway"}, {"id": "lake"}, {"id": "coast"}, {"id": "national boundary"}, {"id": "geography"}, {"id": "in situ"}, {"id": "railway"}, {"id": "vegetation"}, {"id": "railway network"}, {"id": "glacier"}, {"id": "highway"}, {"id": "artificial lake"}, {"id": "water (geographic)"}, {"id": "administrative boundary"}, {"id": "route planning"}, {"id": "human settlement"}, {"id": "hydrography"}, {"id": "transportation"}, {"id": "waterfall"}, {"id": "maritime transport"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Transport and mobility"}, {"id": "Buildings and construction"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Water"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "rights": "The Commission will store the geographic data set on a central server that is accessible by Commission staff. Eurostat will distribute parts or the entire data within the Commission, to the EU Executive Agencies and to subcontractors. The Commission is authorised to use the geographic data as follows: (1) As geographic reference, i.e. creating a geographical context for other data. (2) For the production of maps, publications, posters, presentations and statistical analysis. (3) For deriving new geographic datasets by applying data manipulation procedures, e.g. combining different geographic datasets, generalisation procedures including smoothing and dropping of spatial features, adding new attribute information. Examples of derived geographic data are the NUTS map or the Trans European Transport Network. (4) For distributing the geographic data within the Commission as well as to the public in the form of publications, posters, presentations, derived analysed statistical data and derived geographic datasets. (5) For inclusion of the geographic data as map services in other applications provided that it will not possible to extract the original geographic data. (6) For spatial analysis and for mapping of results of these analysis.\nThe license conditions are spelled out in the \"LicenseConditions.pdf\" document provided together with the dataset.", "updated": "2025-10-09T11:21:19.681465Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-01-20", "language": "eng", "title": "EuroRegionalMap 2019 (ERM 2019), Jan. 2019", "description": "EuroRegionalMap (ERM) is a Pan-European topographic vector dataset at scale 1:250000, that is, seamless and harmonized across boundaries. It is produced in cooperation by the National Mapping Agencies of the participating countries (NMCAs) using official national databases. \nThematic layers: Administrative Boundaries (BND), Hydrography (HYDRO), Miscellaneous (MISC), Named Location (NAME), Settlement (POP), Transportation (TRANS), Vegetation and Soils (VEG) as well as Points of Interest.\nThis metadata refers to the version 2019 of ERM, with the general reference for the supply being December 2018. The dataset is provided both in GDB and SHP formats. Main changes with respect to versions ERM v11.0 and v11.1 are:\n- The administrative boundaries have been updated using EBM 2019 as data source. Some countries (Great Britain, Moldova and Romania) have slightly adapted them so to fit with the topographical features of ERM.\n- Update of transportation, settlement, vegetation themes. \n- Data from Ukraine as well as French Guiana (GF), Guadeloupe (GP), Martinique (MQ), Reunion (RE), Mayotte (YT), Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (BL) and Saint Martin (MF) as overseas departments/collectivities of France belonging to the European Union are included in ERM 2019.\nFor more information about the data product specifications please refer to the documents \"ERM_2019_DataSpecification_EuroStat.pdf\", \"ERM_2019_TechnicalGuide.pdf\" and \"ERM_Eurostat_Lineage_ERM_2019.pdf\" provided with the dataset under the link \"Documents\".\nIMPORTANT NOTE: This dataset is only to be used internally in the EEA, for the purposes and under the conditions stated under the \"Resource Constraints\" elements of this metadata file and on the document \"LicenseConditions.pdf\" provided with this dataset under the link \"Documents\". This metadata has been slightly adapted from the original metadata file provided by EuroGeographics and is to be used only for internal EEA purposes. For reference, the original metadata file created by EuroGeographics is provided together with the dataset under \"Documents\" link (\"ERM_Eurostat_Metadata_ERM_2019.xml\" within the \"Metadata\").", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["Mineral resources", "Hydrography", "Energy resources", "Administrative units", "Production and industrial facilities", "Protected sites", "Land use", "Soil", "Transport networks", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Utility and governmental services", "Land cover", "Geographical names", "EU28 (2013-2020)", "Faeroe Islands", "Andorra", "Monaco", "Georgia", "Isle of Man", "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "North Macedonia", "Moldova", "San Marino", "Vatican", "Ukraine", "EFTA4", "Liechtenstein", "Serbia", "built-up area", "harbour", "estuary", "surface water", "soil", "data base", "road", "high-speed railway", "geo-referenced data", "airport", "dam", "drainage", "tidal water", "international watercourse", "river", "car park", "waterway", "lake", "coast", "national boundary", "geography", "in situ", "railway", "vegetation", "railway network", "glacier", "highway", "artificial lake", "water (geographic)", "administrative boundary", "route planning", "human settlement", "hydrography", "transportation", "waterfall", "maritime transport", "European", "Land use", "Transport and mobility", "Buildings and construction", "Soil", "Water"], "denominator": "250000", "edition": "12.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "name": "item", "description": "ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ec36e79b-615a-4484-a3a5-2714dc3951c5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2018-12-01T00:00:00Z", "2018-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-35.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 84.0], [47.0, 84.0], [47.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 27.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "transportation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Geographical names"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Sea regions"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "river"}, {"id": "vegetation"}, {"id": "administrative boundary"}, {"id": "car park"}, {"id": "lake"}, {"id": "railway station"}, {"id": "water body"}, {"id": "hydrography"}, {"id": "maritime transport"}, {"id": "airport"}, {"id": "artificial lake"}, {"id": "transportation"}, {"id": "in situ"}, {"id": "geo-referenced data"}, {"id": "human settlement"}, {"id": "international watercourse"}, {"id": "national boundary"}, {"id": "dam"}, {"id": "railway network"}, {"id": "water (geographic)"}, {"id": "surface water"}, {"id": "coast"}, {"id": "harbour"}, {"id": "waterway"}, {"id": "route planning"}, {"id": "high-speed railway"}, {"id": "waterfall"}, {"id": "drainage"}, {"id": "road"}, {"id": "tidal water"}, {"id": "glacier"}, {"id": "data base"}, {"id": "railway"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "estuary"}, {"id": "highway"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "geography"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Serbia"}, {"id": "Isle of Man"}, {"id": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)"}, {"id": "EFTA4"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "North Macedonia"}, {"id": "Vatican"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "Faeroe Islands"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "EU27 (2007-2013)"}, {"id": "Andorra"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}], "rights": "License for further details, refer to Licence/GISCO-LicenseconditionsforEuroGeographicsAdministrativeandTopographicspatialdatasets-080716-1335-618.pdf For dissemination to contractors, the form to be filled in and returned to Eurostat is available under Licence/Data_Request_Form_EuroGeographics.doc", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:43:59.686809Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2017-01-20", "language": "eng", "title": "EuroRegionalMap (full European coverage) - version 10.0, Jan. 2017", "description": "EuroRegionalMap is a Pan-European topographic vector dataset at scale 1: 250000, that is seamless and harmonized across boundaries. It is produced in cooperation by the National Mapping Agencies of the participating countries using official national databases. \n\nThematic layers: \nAdministrative Boundaries\nHydrography\nMiscellaneous\nNamed Location\nSettlement\nTransportation\nVegetation and Soil\nPoints of Interests", "formats": [{"name": "GDB"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["Geographical names", "Utility and governmental services", "Transport networks", "Hydrography", "Soil", "Administrative units", "Land cover", "Sea regions", "river", "vegetation", "administrative boundary", "car park", "lake", "railway station", "water body", "hydrography", "maritime transport", "airport", "artificial lake", "transportation", "in situ", "geo-referenced data", "human settlement", "international watercourse", "national boundary", "dam", "railway network", "water (geographic)", "surface water", "coast", "harbour", "waterway", "route planning", "high-speed railway", "waterfall", "drainage", "road", "tidal water", "glacier", "data base", "railway", "built-up area", "estuary", "highway", "soil", "geography", "Serbia", "Isle of Man", "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "EFTA4", "Georgia", "Monaco", "North Macedonia", "Vatican", "San Marino", "Faeroe Islands", "Moldova", "EU27 (2007-2013)", "Andorra", "European"], "denominator": "250000", "edition": "10"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d", "name": "item", "description": "313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/313c0c3a-c177-4198-a7de-09b7f6ac3a9d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2016-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-35.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 84.0], [47.0, 84.0], [47.0, 27.0], [-35.0, 27.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Energy resources"}, {"id": "Land use"}, {"id": "Mineral resources"}, {"id": "Production and industrial facilities"}, {"id": "Administrative units"}, {"id": "Geographical names"}, {"id": "Hydrography"}, {"id": "Land cover"}, {"id": "Population distribution \u2014 demography"}, {"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Protected sites"}, {"id": "Transport networks"}, {"id": "Utility and governmental services"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Serbia"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "North Macedonia"}, {"id": "Faeroe Islands"}, {"id": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "EFTA4"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "Isle of Man"}, {"id": "Liechtenstein"}, {"id": "Vatican"}, {"id": "EU28 (2013-2020)"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "road"}, {"id": "route planning"}, {"id": "drainage"}, {"id": "highway"}, {"id": "in situ"}, {"id": "waterway"}, {"id": "artificial lake"}, {"id": "built-up area"}, {"id": "waterfall"}, {"id": "geography"}, {"id": "airport"}, {"id": "estuary"}, {"id": "dam"}, {"id": "coast"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "glacier"}, {"id": "national boundary"}, {"id": "hydrography"}, {"id": "transportation"}, {"id": "maritime transport"}, {"id": "data base"}, {"id": "car park"}, {"id": "geo-referenced data"}, {"id": "surface water"}, {"id": "tidal water"}, {"id": "high-speed railway"}, {"id": "lake"}, {"id": "railway"}, {"id": "international watercourse"}, {"id": "water (geographic)"}, {"id": "river"}, {"id": "harbour"}, {"id": "human settlement"}, {"id": "railway network"}, {"id": "vegetation"}, {"id": "administrative boundary"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}], "rights": "The Commission will store the geographic data set on a central server that is accessible by Commission staff. Eurostat will distribute parts or the entire data within the Commission, to the EU Executive Agencies and to subcontractors. The Commission is authorised to use the geographic data as follows: (1) As geographic reference, i.e. creating a geographical context for other data. (2) For the production of maps, publications, posters, presentations and statistical analysis. (3) For deriving new geographic datasets by applying data manipulation procedures, e.g. combining different geographic datasets, generalisation procedures including smoothing and dropping of spatial features, adding new attribute information. Examples of derived geographic data are the NUTS map or the Trans European Transport Network. (4) For distributing the geographic data within the Commission as well as to the public in the form of publications, posters, presentations, derived analysed statistical data and derived geographic datasets. (5) For inclusion of the geographic data as map services in other applications provided that it will not possible to extract the original geographic data. For spatial analysis and for mapping of results of these analysis.\nThe license conditions are spelled out in the \"LicenseConditions.pdf\" document provided together with the dataset.", "updated": "2025-10-09T11:21:42.131116Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2018-05-01", "language": "eng", "title": "EuroRegionalMap (full European coverage) - version 11.1, Dec. 2017", "description": "EuroRegionalMap (ERM) is a Pan-European topographic vector dataset at scale 1:250000, that is seamless and harmonized across boundaries. It is produced in cooperation by the National Mapping Agencies of the participating countries (NMCAs) using official national databases. \nThematic layers: Administrative Boundaries (BND), Hydrography (HYDRO), Miscellaneous (MISC), Named Location (NAME), Settlement (POP), Transportation (TRANS), Vegetation and Soils (VEG) as well as Points of Interest.\nThis metadata refers to the version 11.1 of ERM. \nFor more information about the data product specifications and changes with respect to the previous version of this dataset (ERM v11 and ERMv10), please refer to the documents \"ERM_v11-1_DataSpecification_EuroStat.pdf\", \"ERM_v11_TechnicalGuide.pdf\" and \"ERM(EC)_v11.1_Lineage_FullEurope.doc\" provided with the dataset. Main changes with respect to these previous versions are that the NMCAs updated BND, HYDRO, MISC and NAME thematic layers, and that the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE) of the European Commission identified the Trans-European Transport Network for roads, railways, airports, ports and the watercourse system.\nThis metadata has been slightly adapted from the original metadata file provided by EuroGeographics and is to be used only for internal EEA purposes. For reference, the original metadata file created by EuroGeographics is provided together with the dataset under the \"metadata\" folder.", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["Energy resources", "Land use", "Mineral resources", "Production and industrial facilities", "Administrative units", "Geographical names", "Hydrography", "Land cover", "Population distribution \u2014 demography", "Soil", "Protected sites", "Transport networks", "Utility and governmental services", "Monaco", "Serbia", "Moldova", "North Macedonia", "Faeroe Islands", "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "Georgia", "Andorra", "EFTA4", "San Marino", "Isle of Man", "Liechtenstein", "Vatican", "EU28 (2013-2020)", "road", "route planning", "drainage", "highway", "in situ", "waterway", "artificial lake", "built-up area", "waterfall", "geography", "airport", "estuary", "dam", "coast", "soil", "glacier", "national boundary", "hydrography", "transportation", "maritime transport", "data base", "car park", "geo-referenced data", "surface water", "tidal water", "high-speed railway", "lake", "railway", "international watercourse", "water (geographic)", "river", "harbour", "human settlement", "railway network", "vegetation", "administrative boundary", "European"], "denominator": "250000", "edition": "11.1"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132", "name": "Direct download (Eionet authentication)", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132", "name": "item", "description": "ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ee1b7182-79a7-4974-a9c2-ebca2352a132"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2017-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=glacier&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=glacier&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=glacier&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=glacier&offset=17", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17, "numberReturned": 17, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-10-23T09:58:28.051063Z"}