{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-15", "title": "Appropriate Technologies To Replenish Soil Fertility In Southern Africa", "description": "In southern Africa, soil nutrient reserves are being depleted because of continued nutrient mining without adequate replenishment. The consequent downward spiral of soil fertility has led to a corresponding decline in crop yields, food insecurity, food aid and environmental degradation. The central issue for improving agricultural productivity in southern Africa is how to build up and maintain soil fertility despite the low incomes of smallholder farmers and the increasing land and labour constraints they face. Under this review five main options namely: inorganic fertilizers, grain legumes, animal manures, integrated nutrient management and agroforestry options appropriate to smallholder farmers are presented. Issues addressed in the use of inorganic fertilizers are reduction in fertilizer costs, timely availability and use efficiency. Legumes can be used to diversify farm system productivity but this requires P and lime application to support better legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as well as development of markets for various legume products. Manure availability and quality are central issues in increasing smallholder farm productivity and increasing its efficiency through proper handling and application methods. Integrated nutrient management of soil fertility by combined application of both inputs will increase use efficiency of inputs and reduce costs and increase profitability; but the challenge is often how to raise adequate amounts of either inorganic or organic inputs. Issues such as quality of inputs, nutrient balancing, labour to collect and transport organic inputs and their management need to be optimized. These are the challenges of adoption as are the scaling up of these options to millions of small-scale farmers.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "grain legumes", "fertilidad del suelo", "leguminosas de grano", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "12. Responsible consumption", "africa meridional", "inorganic fertilizers", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "1. No poverty", "tecnolog\u00eda apropiada", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "feed crops", "6. Clean water", "appropriate technology", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mafongoya, P.L., Bationo, B. Andr\u00e9, Kihara, Job Maguta, Waswa, Boaz Shaban,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-006-9049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-24", "title": "Grain Legume-Based Rotations Managed Under Conventional Tillage Need Cover Crops To Mitigate Soil Organic Matter Losses", "description": "Inserting legumes in low-input innovative cropping systems can represent a good strategy to reduce current N fertilizer dependency while enhancing ecosystem services. However, although the impact of the use of legumes as cover crops has been broadly studied, very little is known about the effects of grain legume-based rotations on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON). A cropping system experiment with three 3-year rotations with different levels of inclusion of grain legumes: GL0, GL1 and GL2 (none, one, and two grain legumes, respectively), with (CC) or without (BF, bare fallow) cover crops was established in SW France (Auzeville) under temperate climate. Durum wheat was present in all the rotations to act as an indicator of their performance. Soil organic C and SON were quantified before the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 6 years (i.e. after one and two complete 3-yr rotations). Aboveground C and N inputs to the soil, and C and N harvest indexes and grain yield of the cash crops were also measured. Inserting grain legumes in the rotations significantly affected the amount of C and N inputs and consequently SOC and SON. After two cycles of the 3-yr rotation, the GL1 and GL2 treatments showed a greater decrease in SOC and SON when compared to GL0. However, the inclusion of cover crops in the rotations led to mitigate this loss. Durum wheat produced significantly greater grain yields in GL1 when compared to GL0, while GL2 presented intermediate values. In turn, the incorporation of cover crops did not reduce C and N harvest indexes or the grain yield of the different cash crops. We concluded that, in such conventionally-tilled grain legume-based rotations, the use of cover crops was efficient to mitigate SOC and SON losses and then increase N use efficiency at the cropping system level without reducing productivity. The constructive suggestions of an anonymous Reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the field and laboratory assistance of Didier Chesneau, Andr\u00e9 Gavaland and Eric Bazerthe. This research was supported by the FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project (Food-CT-2004-506223) and INRA. We also acknowledge the French Ministry of Agriculture for funding the CASDAR Leg-N-GES project coordinated by Jean-Pierre Cohan (Arvalis Institut du Vegetal).", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Rotation", "grain legumes", "Grain legumes", "Soil organic carbon", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rotation", "630", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil organic nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2c1778af-1856-46d2-8a82-809fcfe654c2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[14.12, 52.52], [14.12, 52.52], [14.14, 52.52], [14.14, 52.52], [14.12, 52.52]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "soybeans"}, {"id": "chickpeas"}, {"id": "buckwheat"}, {"id": "irrigation"}, {"id": "yields"}, {"id": "protein content"}, {"id": "nitrogen content"}, {"id": "grain legumes"}, {"id": "vegetables"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "lupins"}, {"id": "faba bean"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Bodennutzung"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2024-12-11", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2022-04-29", "language": "eng", "title": "Grain legume production data for soybean, lupins and faba bean, the effect of cultivars and irrigation and impacts on the following winter wheat", "description": "This data set reports measurements and observations from a grain legume cropping system experiment (2017-2022) investigating the effects of cultivars and irrigation on yield of soybean, lupins and faba bean (in the last two years additionally chickpea, dry bean, lentil and summer barley), and rotational effects on a subsequent winter wheat (2018-2023). The objective was to identify grain legume species and cultivars for designing novel cropping systems in north-eastern Germany. The data supports agronomic analyses, as well as dynamic simulation modelling and includes details on crop growth, soil characteristics and weather. In the first part of the experiment different species and cultivars and the effect of irrigation were compared in a split block design with four replicates and the factors species/cultivar and irrigation during five consecutive years (2017-2022). The treatments included eight to 18 species/cultivars depending on the year with soybean, narrow-leafed lupin, white lupin, yellow lupin, faba bean, chickpea, dry bean, lentil and summer barley. Buckwheat was cultivated as a reference crop. Soybean and lupin seeds were inoculated with HISTICK\u00ae soybean/lupin (BASF, Germany) and in the last year with LegumeFix. No fertilizers and conventional crop protection was applied. All lupin species were treated with a natural insecticide against the Sitona weevils. For technical reasons, treatment with this insecticide of field bean, soybean and buckwheat was also unavoidable in some years. Measurements included grain yield, one thousand seed weigh, macro nutrients (N, P, K) in the grain, and additional agronomic observations including number of plants and plant phenology. Irrigation water was applied with a sprinkler system using the Web-BEREST model (Mirschel et al., 2014) to determine the amounts and timing (data on the amounts and dates are provided). In the second part of the experiment, the pre-crop effect of the mentioned legumes and buckwheat was tested on the grain yield and nutrient content in the following winter wheat crop and on the nitrogen dynamics in the soil. Before winter (November/December) and in the subsequent spring (February/March), mineral nitrogen was measured in the soil at three depths (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and 60-90 cm) after the different pre-crops. Winter wheat was established following the different pre-crops with 4 replicates during six consecutive years (2018-2023) In the first three years (2018 -2020) with conventional fertilization and crop protection and in the remaining years (2021- 2023) with ecological management. Table V421_SOIL_TEXTURE: Soil description of the respective winter wheat fields in 2018-2020\n\nRelated datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 2.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["soybeans", "chickpeas", "buckwheat", "irrigation", "yields", "protein content", "nitrogen content", "grain legumes", "vegetables", "opendata", "lupins", "faba bean", "Bodennutzung"], "contacts": [{"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Moritz Reckling", "organization": "Leibniz Centre 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