{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Legumes For Mitigation Of Climate Change And The Provision Of Feedstock For Biofuels And Biorefineries. A Review", "description": "Humans are currently confronted by many global challenges. These include achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population, lowering the risk of climate change by reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, and meeting the increasing demand for energy in the face of dwindling reserves of fossil energy and uncertainties about future reliability of supply. Legumes deliver several important services to societies. They provide important sources of oil, fiber, and protein-rich food and feed while supplying nitrogen (N) to agro-ecosystems via their unique ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with the soil bacteria rhizobia, increasing soil carbon content, and stimulating the productivity of the crops that follow. However, the role of legumes has rarely been considered in the context of their potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change by reducing fossil fuel use or by providing feedstock for the emerging biobased economies where fossil sources of energy and industrial raw materials are replaced in part by sustainable and renewable biomass resources. The aim of this review was to collate the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to (1) lower the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems, (2) reduce the fossil energy used in the production of food and forage, (3) contribute to the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils, and (4) provide a viable source of biomass for the generation of biofuels and other materials in future biorefinery concepts. We estimated that globally between 350 and 500\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 could be emitted as a result of the 33 to 46\u00a0Tg\u00a0N that is biologically fixed by agricultural legumes each year. This compares to around 300\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 released annually from the manufacture of 100\u00a0Tg fertilizer N. The main difference is that the CO2 respired from the nodulated roots of N2-fixing legumes originated from photosynthesis and will not represent a net contribution to atmospheric concentrations of CO2, whereas the CO2 generated during the synthesis of N fertilizer was derived from fossil fuels. Experimental measures of total N2O fluxes from legumes and N-fertilized systems were found to vary enormously (0.03\u20137.09 and 0.09\u201318.16\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). This reflected the data being collated from a diverse range of studies using different rates of N inputs, as well as the large number of climatic, soil, and management variables known to influence denitrification and the portion of the total N lost as N2O. Averages across 71 site-years of data, soils under legumes emitted a total of 1.29\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 during a growing season. This compared to a mean of 3.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 67 site-years of N-fertilized crops and pastures, and 1.20\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 33 site-years of data collected from unplanted soils or unfertilized non-legumes. It was concluded that there was little evidence that biological N2 fixation substantially contributed to total N2O emissions, and that losses of N2O from legume soil were generally lower than N-fertilized systems, especially when commercial rates of N fertilizer were applied. Elevated rates of N2O losses can occur following the termination of legume-based pastures, or where legumes had been green- or brown-manured and there was a rapid build-up of high concentrations of nitrate in soil. Legume crops and legume-based pastures use 35% to 60% less fossil energy than N-fertilized cereals or grasslands, and the inclusion of legumes in cropping sequences reduced the average annual energy usage over a rotation by 12% to 34%. The reduced energy use was primarily due to the removal of the need to apply N fertilizer and the subsequently lower N fertilizer requirements for crops grown following legumes. Life cycle energy balances of legume-based rotations were also assisted by a lower use of agrichemicals for crop protection as diversification of cropping sequences reduce the incidence of cereal pathogens and pests and assisted weed control, although it was noted that differences in fossil energy use between legumes and N-fertilized systems were greatly diminished if energy use was expressed per unit of biomass or grain produced. For a change in land use to result in a net increase C sequestration in soil, the inputs of C remaining in plant residues need to exceed the CO2 respired by soil microbes during the decomposition of plant residues or soil organic C, and the C lost through wind or water erosion. The net N-balance of the system was a key driver of changes in soil C stocks in many environments, and data collected from pasture, cropping, and agroforestry systems all indicated that legumes played a pivotal role in providing the additional organic N required to encourage the accumulation of soil C at rates greater than can be achieved by cereals or grasses even when they were supplied with N fertilizer. Legumes contain a range of compounds, which could be refined to produce raw industrial materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, or food additives as valuable by-products if legume biomass was to be used to generate biodiesel, bioethanol, biojet A1 fuel, or biogas. The attraction of using leguminous material feedstock is that they do not need the inputs of N fertilizer that would otherwise be necessary to support the production of high grain yields or large amounts of plant biomass since it is the high fossil energy use in the synthesis, transport, and application of N fertilizers that often negates much of the net C benefits of many other bioenergy sources. The use of legume biomass for biorefineries needs careful thought as there will be significant trade-offs with the current role of legumes in contributing to the organic fertility of soils. Agricultural systems will require novel management and plant breeding solutions to provide the range of options that will be required to mitigate climate change. Given their array of ecosystem services and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the use of fossil energy, accelerate rates of C sequestration in soil, and provide a valuable source of feedstock for biorefineries, legumes should be considered as important components in the development of future agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Air and water emissions", "Greenhouses and coverings", "7. Clean energy", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Biological N2 fixation", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Soil Organic Phosphorus Forms Under Different Soil Management Systems And Winter Crops, In A Long Term Experiment", "description": "Organic phosphorus (P) is an important source of phosphate for plants both in natural environments and in cultivated soils. Growing plants with high P recycling capacity may increase the importance of organic forms in phosphate availability mainly in undisturbed soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long period of cultivation of different winter species under different soil management systems in the distribution of soil organic P forms, in the P content stored into the soil microbial biomass (SMB) and in the acid phosphatase enzyme activity. The experiment was established in 1986 with six winter treatments (blue lupine, hairy vetch, oat, radish, wheat and fallow) implanted in a Rhodic Hapludox in southern Brazil, under no-tillage system (NT) and conventional tillage system (CT). The crops were cultivated with rational use of chemical phosphate fertilizer, according to plant needs and soil type maintaining high levels of soil organic carbon leading to P organic form accumulation. Growing crops during the winter period in highly weathered subtropical soil increases the importance of microbial interactions in the P cycle, especially in the NT, where a large amount of crop residues is annually added to the soil surface, increasing soil organic P level, P content stored into the SMB and acid phosphatase enzyme activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nutrient turnover", "No-tillage Conventional tillage Phosphorus fractionating Biomass phosphorus content Acid phosphatase Cover crops", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouses and coverings", "01 natural sciences", "Soil tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture12020137", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-21", "title": "Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Sustainability transitions in agriculture are explored through an analysis of niche initiatives within a common production system, relying on sustainable transitions, multi-level perspectives, and agroecological frameworks, and involving multi-actor, agricultural knowledge, and innovation systems (AKIS). The article focuses on how experimental niches and sustainable activities affect farmers\u2019 relationships with nature, and the reconceptualisation of the production system in which they operate, particularly where this system is embedded in less sustainable conventional or dominant regimes and landscapes. The need for fundamental changes, in the way that humans interact with nature, is widely argued for in order to achieve sustainable development, and farmers occupy a central role through participation in complex networks of agri-food systems. They have also found themselves disconnected from nature through conventional agri-industrial production practices. Four niches (biological control, ecological restoration, soil health, and ecological pond management) within the greenhouse sector of Almeria (SE Spain) are explored in a case study. Our results indicate that a farmer\u2019s interaction with nature is functional, but through agroecological practices, a deeper understanding of the ecosystems in which greenhouse landscapes are embedded may be gained. As they become more connected to nature and benefit from ecosystem services, they can transition to more sustainable agricultural systems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["agroecology", "collective action", "Agriculture (General)", "pond naturalisation", "biological control", "sustainability transitions", "agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS)", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "human nature connectedness; sustainability transitions; agricultural innovations; multi-level perspective; agroecology; agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS); conservative agriculture practices; knowledge co-production; mediterranean horticulture; integrated pest management; greenhouses; soil health; biological control; pond naturalisation; collective action; socio-ecological systems", "mediterranean horticulture", "greenhouses", "socio-ecological systems", "11. Sustainability", "multi-level perspective", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "agricultural innovations", "2. Zero hunger", "integrated pest management", "soil health", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "knowledge co-production", "multilevel perspective", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "conservative agriculture practices", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "human nature connectedness"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/137/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/137/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020137"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture12020137", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture12020137", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture12020137"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14055243", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:23:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data", "description": "Open AccessThe data is split into 4 parts:  Part 1 \u2013 Regions for training plasticulture detection: the shapefile contains polygonal areas collected in Western Germany and used to train a random forest algorithm for plasticulture detection. The data is stored in file ESR02_11.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_11.pdf.  Part 2 \u2013 Google Earth Engine scripts for plasticulture detection: the folder contains 5 Jupyter Notebook files, representing the scripts used to detect plasticulture in Germany, and to export and evaluate the results. The data is stored in file ESR02_12.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_12.pdf.  Part 3 \u2013 Plasticulture area in Germany on a hexagonal grid: the shapefile contains a hexagonal grid covering the German territory, where the area covered by plastic free farmland, plastic mulched farmland, and plastic covers above vegetation was calculated for each hexagon. The data is stored in file ESR02_13.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_13.pdf.  Part 4 \u2013 Plasticulture area in Germany on a hexagonal grid - false hotspots unmasked: the shapefile contains a hexagonal grid covering the German territory, where the area covered by plastic free farmland, plastic mulched farmland, and plastic covers above vegetation was calculated for each hexagon, before identifying the regions of false plastic detection. The data is stored in file ESR02_14.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_14.pdf.", "keywords": ["Machine learning", "Mulching", "Agriculture", "Greenhouses", "Remote sensing", "Plastic", "Plasticulture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fabrizi, Alessandro, Fiener, Peter, Jagdhuber, Thomas, Van Oost, Kristof, Wilken, Florian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055243"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14055243", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14055243", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14055243"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14055244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:23:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data", "description": "Open AccessThe data is split into 4 parts:  Part 1 \u2013 Regions for training plasticulture detection: the shapefile contains polygonal areas collected in Western Germany and used to train a random forest algorithm for plasticulture detection. The data is stored in file ESR02_11.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_11.pdf.  Part 2 \u2013 Google Earth Engine scripts for plasticulture detection: the folder contains 5 Jupyter Notebook files, representing the scripts used to detect plasticulture in Germany, and to export and evaluate the results. The data is stored in file ESR02_12.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_12.pdf.  Part 3 \u2013 Plasticulture area in Germany on a hexagonal grid: the shapefile contains a hexagonal grid covering the German territory, where the area covered by plastic free farmland, plastic mulched farmland, and plastic covers above vegetation was calculated for each hexagon. The data is stored in file ESR02_13.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_13.pdf.  Part 4 \u2013 Plasticulture area in Germany on a hexagonal grid - false hotspots unmasked: the shapefile contains a hexagonal grid covering the German territory, where the area covered by plastic free farmland, plastic mulched farmland, and plastic covers above vegetation was calculated for each hexagon, before identifying the regions of false plastic detection. The data is stored in file ESR02_14.zip while meta data can be found in ESR02_14.pdf.", "keywords": ["Machine learning", "Mulching", "Agriculture", "Greenhouses", "Remote sensing", "Plastic", "Plasticulture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fabrizi, Alessandro, Fiener, Peter, Jagdhuber, Thomas, Van Oost, Kristof, Wilken, Florian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055244"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14055244", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14055244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14055244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10835/13147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-20", "title": "Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Sustainability transitions in agriculture are explored through an analysis of niche initiatives within a common production system, relying on sustainable transitions, multi-level perspectives, and agroecological frameworks, and involving multi-actor, agricultural knowledge, and innovation systems (AKIS). The article focuses on how experimental niches and sustainable activities affect farmers\u2019 relationships with nature, and the reconceptualisation of the production system in which they operate, particularly where this system is embedded in less sustainable conventional or dominant regimes and landscapes. The need for fundamental changes, in the way that humans interact with nature, is widely argued for in order to achieve sustainable development, and farmers occupy a central role through participation in complex networks of agri-food systems. They have also found themselves disconnected from nature through conventional agri-industrial production practices. Four niches (biological control, ecological restoration, soil health, and ecological pond management) within the greenhouse sector of Almeria (SE Spain) are explored in a case study. Our results indicate that a farmer\u2019s interaction with nature is functional, but through agroecological practices, a deeper understanding of the ecosystems in which greenhouse landscapes are embedded may be gained. As they become more connected to nature and benefit from ecosystem services, they can transition to more sustainable agricultural systems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["agroecology", "collective action", "Agriculture (General)", "pond naturalisation", "biological control", "sustainability transitions", "agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS)", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "human nature connectedness; sustainability transitions; agricultural innovations; multi-level perspective; agroecology; agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS); conservative agriculture practices; knowledge co-production; mediterranean horticulture; integrated pest management; greenhouses; soil health; biological control; pond naturalisation; collective action; socio-ecological systems", "mediterranean horticulture", "greenhouses", "socio-ecological systems", "11. Sustainability", "multi-level perspective", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "agricultural innovations", "2. Zero hunger", "integrated pest management", "soil health", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "knowledge co-production", "multilevel perspective", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "conservative agriculture practices", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "human nature connectedness"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/137/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/137/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10835/13147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10835/13147", "name": "item", "description": "10835/13147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10835/13147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "9d946598-fb84-4a41-943c-8fc665fe9f00", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.18, 52.41], [13.18, 52.59], [13.62, 52.59], [13.62, 52.41], [13.18, 52.41]]]}, "properties": {"license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-08-25", "type": "Service", "created": "2023-08-17", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of BIBS datasets from an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany", "description": "<p>This AGIS Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets:<br/>\n- Greenhouse plant functional traits of four grassland species from an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany<br/>\n-Morphological traits of the aphid Metopeurum fuscoviride in urban vs. rural populations of Berlin, Germany.<br/>\n-Plant functional traits of six grassland species along an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany<br/>\n-Urban grassland aphid diversity in Berlin, Germany\n\n</p>", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "grasslands", "biological traits", "urbanization", "population", "greenhouses", "pot culture"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Maud Bernard-Verdier", "organization": "Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maudbv@gmail.com"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4240-9560", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Jonathan M. Jeschke", "organization": "Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "jonathan.jeschke@fu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "ORCID: 0000-0003-3328-4217", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Anna Jankowska", "organization": "Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maudbv@gmail.com"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Marie-Keda Merour", "organization": "Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maudbv@gmail.com"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "grasslands"}, {"id": "biological traits"}, {"id": "urbanization"}, {"id": "population"}, {"id": "greenhouses"}, {"id": "pot culture"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=b5928939-bcf3-4602-941c-34d140de15d8", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_4284_4287_4288_4296_BIBS_geo/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9d946598-fb84-4a41-943c-8fc665fe9f00", "name": "item", "description": "9d946598-fb84-4a41-943c-8fc665fe9f00", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9d946598-fb84-4a41-943c-8fc665fe9f00"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0cf2377b-3c4b-46c1-bd59-2d21b18e8fec", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.81, 47.26], [5.81, 54.76], [15.77, 54.76], [15.77, 47.26], [5.81, 47.26]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "carbon dioxide"}, {"id": "greenhouses"}, {"id": "mesocosms"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "Low-cost"}, {"id": "gas fluxes monitoring"}, {"id": "CO2 and ET monitoring"}, {"id": "greenhouse equipment"}, {"id": "open-source device"}, {"id": "net ecosystem carbon balance"}, {"id": "water use efficiency"}, {"id": "greenhouse device"}, {"id": "mesocosm experiment"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "non-spatial data"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-07-15", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-20", "language": "eng", "title": "A low-cost, automatic soil-plant-atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and ET flux dynamics. - CO2 flux measurements", "description": "CO2 flux measurements from the validation experiment of the independent and dependent mode\n\nGeneral description see mother table: (https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-jg04-hv79); Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "carbon dioxide", "greenhouses", "mesocosms", "opendata", "Low-cost", "gas fluxes monitoring", "CO2 and ET monitoring", "greenhouse equipment", "open-source device", "net ecosystem carbon balance", "water use efficiency", "greenhouse device", "mesocosm experiment", "Boden", "non-spatial data"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": "ROR", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Wael Al Hamwi", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Wael.Alhamwi@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-0915-5626", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Maren Dubbert", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Maren.Dubbert@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2352-8516", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "J\u00f6rg Schaller", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Joerg.Schaller@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1996-0127", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Matthias L\u00fcck", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Matthias.Lueck@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Marten Schmidt", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Marten.Schmidt@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Mathias Hoffmann", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "mathias.hoffmann@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2776-1403", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Maren Dubbert", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Maren.Dubbert@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2352-8516", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "Data collection: Part 1/4, table: CO2 flux measurements"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=0cf2377b-3c4b-46c1-bd59-2d21b18e8fec", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/IMG_20231004_145227.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/4a5e6f6c-71a9-4150-8db6-c18765242a56", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0cf2377b-3c4b-46c1-bd59-2d21b18e8fec", "name": "item", "description": "0cf2377b-3c4b-46c1-bd59-2d21b18e8fec", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0cf2377b-3c4b-46c1-bd59-2d21b18e8fec"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "4a5e6f6c-71a9-4150-8db6-c18765242a56", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.81, 47.26], [5.81, 54.76], [15.77, 54.76], [15.77, 47.26], [5.81, 47.26]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "carbon dioxide"}, {"id": "greenhouses"}, {"id": "mesocosms"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "Low-cost"}, {"id": "gas fluxes monitoring"}, {"id": "CO2 and ET monitoring"}, {"id": "greenhouse equipment"}, {"id": "open-source device"}, {"id": "net ecosystem carbon balance"}, {"id": "water use efficiency"}, {"id": "greenhouse device"}, {"id": "mesocosm experiment"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "non-spatial data"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-07-15", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-20", "language": "eng", "title": "A low-cost, automatic soil-plant-atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and ET flux dynamics.", "description": "Investigating greenhouse gases (GHG) and water flux dynamics within the soil-plant-atmosphere-interphase is a key for understanding ecosystem functioning, as these dynamics reflect the ecosystem\u00b4s responses to environmental changes. Understanding these responses is hence essential for developing sustainable agriculture systems that can help to adapt to global challenges such as inter-alia increased drought. Typically, an initial understanding of GHG and water flux dynamics is gained through laboratory or greenhouse pot experiments, where gas exchange is often measured using commercially available, manual closed (leaf) chamber systems. However, these systems are usually rather expensive and often labor-intensive, thus limiting the number of different treatments that can be studied and their repetitions. Here, we present a fully automatic, low-cost (1.000 Euro), multi-chamber system based on Arduino, termed \u201cgreenhouse coffins\u201d. It is designed to continuously measure canopy CO2 and ET fluxes. And it can operate in two modes: an independent and a dependent measurement mode. The independent measurement mode utilizes low-cost NDIR CO2 (K30 FR) and relative humidity (SHT31) sensors, thus making each \u201cgreenhouse coffin\u201d a fully independent measurement device. The dependent measurement mode connects multiple \u201cgreenhouse coffins\u201d via a low-cost multiplexer ( 250 Euro) to a single infrared gas analyzer (LI-850, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA), allowing for measurements in series, achieving cost efficiency, while also gaining more flexibility in terms of target GHG fluxes (potential extension to N2O, CH4, stable isotopes). In both modes, CO2 and ET fluxes are determined through the respective concentration increase during closure time. We tested both modes and demonstrated that the presented system is able to deliver precise and accurate CO2 and ET flux measurements using low-cost sensors, with an emphasis on calibrating the sensors to improve measurement precision. Through connecting multiple greenhouse coffins via our low-cost Multiplexer to a single infrared gas analyzer in the dependent mode, we could show moreover that the system can efficiently measure CO2 and ET fluxes in a high temporal resolution across various treatments with both labor and cost efficiency. Therefore, the developed system offers a valuable tool for conducting greenhouse experiments, enabling comprehensive testing of plants' dynamic responses to various treatments and conditions. Related Scripts are in the Supplemental Material. 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[{"value": "Maren.Dubbert@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2352-8516", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "J\u00f6rg Schaller", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Joerg.Schaller@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-1996-0127", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Matthias L\u00fcck", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Matthias.Lueck@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Marten Schmidt", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Marten.Schmidt@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Mathias Hoffmann", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "mathias.hoffmann@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2776-1403", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Maren Dubbert", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Maren.Dubbert@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2352-8516", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "roles": ["contributor"]}], 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