{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/bf00335811", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Prolonged Simulated Acid Rain Treatment In The Subarctic: Effect On The Soil Respiration Rate And Microbial Biomass", "description": "Humus chemistry and respiration rate, ATP, ergosterol, and muramic acid concentration as measures of chemical properties, microbial activity, biomass, and indicators of fungal and bacterial biomass were studied in a long-term acid rain experiment in the far north of Finnish Lapland. The treatments used in this study were dry control, irrigated control (spring water, pH 6), and two levels of simulated acid rain (pH 4 and pH 3). Originally (1985\u20131988), simulated acid rain was prepared by adding both H2SO4 and HNO3 (1.9:1 by weight). In 1989 the treatments were modified as follows. In subarea 1 the treatments continued unchanged (H2SO4+HNO3 in rain to pH 4 and pH 3), but in subarea 2 only H2SO4 was applied. The plots were sampled in 1992. The acid application affected humus chemistry by lowering the pH, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation (due to a decrease in Ca and Mg) in the treatment with H2SO4+HNO3 to pH 4 (total proton load over 8 years 2.92 kmol ha-1), whereas the microbial variables were not affected at this proton load, and only the respiration rate decreased by 20% in the strongest simulated acid rain treatment (total proton load 14.9 kmol ha-1). The different ratios of H2SO4+HNO3 in subareas 1 and 2 did not affect the results.", "keywords": ["havumets\u00e4t", "570", "ergosteroli", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hapan sade", "mikrobibiomassa", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "humus", "maan hengitys", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vanhala, P., Fritze, H., Neuvonen, S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00335811"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00335811", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00335811", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00335811"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.64.6.2173-2180.1998", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-19", "title": "Structure Of A Microbial Community In Soil After Prolonged Addition Of Low Levels Of Simulated Acid Rain", "description": "ABSTRACT           <p>             Humus samples were collected 12 growing seasons after the start of a simulated acid rain experiment situated in the subarctic environment. The acid rain was simulated with H             2             SO             4             , a combination of H             2             SO             4             and HNO             3             , and HNO             3             at two levels of moderate acidic loads close to the natural anthropogenic pollution levels of southern Scandinavia. The higher levels of acid applications resulted in acidification, as defined by humus chemistry. The concentrations of base cations decreased, while the concentrations of exchangeable H             +             , Al, and Fe increased. Humus pH decreased from 3.83 to 3.65. Basal respiration decreased with decreasing humus pH, and total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration and total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), decreased slightly. An altered PLFA pattern indicated a change in the microbial community structure at the higher levels of acid applications. In general, branched fatty acids, typical of gram-positive bacteria, increased in the acid plots. PLFA analysis performed on the bacterial community growing on agar plates also showed that the relative amount of PLFA specific for gram-positive bacteria increased due to the acidification. The changed bacterial community was adapted to the more acidic environment in the acid-treated plots, even though bacterial growth rates, estimated by thymidine and leucine incorporation, decreased with pH. Fungal activity (measured as acetate incorporation into ergosterol) was not affected. This result indicates that bacteria were more affected than fungi by the acidification. The capacity of the bacterial community to utilize 95 different carbon sources was variable and only showed weak correlations to pH. Differences in the toxicities of H             2             SO             4             and HNO             3             for the microbial community were not found.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "toleranssi", "570", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "hapan sade", "mikrobiyhteis\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. 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