{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-19", "title": "Multiple Functions Of Buffer Strips In Farming Areas", "description": "Buffer strips (BSs) are strips interposed between fields and streams that intercept and treat the waters leaving cropland, and so are a useful tool for reducing agricultural diffuse pollution in lowland areas. If properly vegetated and managed, they can also produce wood for burning, act as sinks for atmospheric CO2 and enhance the landscape beauty. The paper presents an analysis of the different functions of BS and reviews the more important data from research programmes conducted over the last decade in Veneto Region (North-East Italy). Over a period of 3-5 years, in two experimental sites, young BS reduced total runoff by 33%, losses of N by 44% and P by 50% compared to no-BS. A mature BS was able to abate both NO3-N and dissolved phosphorus concentrations by almost 100%, in most cases having exiting water that satisfied the limit for avoiding eutrophication. The BS also proved to be a useful barrier for herbicides, with concentrations abated by 60% and 90%, depending on the chemical and the time elapsed since application. Considering the CO2 immobilized in the wood and soil together, the different BS monitored stored up to 80 t ha-1 year-1 . The BS caused negligible disturbance to maize, soybean and sugarbeet yields. The hedgerows, par- ticularly if composed of trees taller than 6 m, positively influenced the aesthetic value of the territory, improving its perceived naturalness and screening the man-made elements. Lastly, through a multi-objective analysis, opportunity costs were estimated to support the public decision-maker in determining the subsidies to be paid to encourage farmers to plant BS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "multifunction", "13. Climate action", "buffer strip", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "buffer strips; diffused pollution; CO2 immobilistion; economics", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "hedgerow", "6. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-10-02", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-09-29", "language": "eng", "title": "Survey of farmers on (perception of) biodiversity management in agriculture in ten European countries", "description": "We conducted a large-scale survey among farmers in ten countries across Europe (Estonia, France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the UK) to assess their viewpoints on biodiversity (management) in agriculture. We collected basic data on agricultural structure and farm management, including biodiversity innovations and other practices promoting biodiversity, the awareness and knowledge of farmers on the relevance of biodiversity for their economic and ecological performance and perceptions to achieve biodiversity targets based on stated preferences. The relevant sections of the survey cover farmers\u2019 willingness to: 1) implement biodiversity measures, such as flower strips, hedgerows or extensive grassland management, asking for their motivation, necessary conditions, knowledge, importance of biodiversity outcomes and environmental effectiveness, but also the perceived risks they have; 2) participate agri-environmental schemes to foster biodiversity, including aspects such as biodiversity labelling, spatial connection bonus, advice/information or support through cooperation along the value chain through food hubs; and 3) participate in a new biodiversity business model based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Furthermore, the survey encompasses a spatial experiment on where farmers would place biodiversity measures (hedgerows and flower strips) in the field, accounting for influencing factors such as slope, soil quality, wind, proximity to streets, forest or pre-existing hedgerows. The survey was conducted online, and supplemented by hard copy questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and workshops where online contacts to farmers could not be established easily. The data collection took place between March and November 2023.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "farm survey", "farming systems", "sustainable agriculture", "conservation agriculture", "motivation", "extensification", "good agricultural practices", "grassland management", "biodiversity conservation", "decision making", "socioecological systems", "farm management", "common agricultural policy", "labelling", "cooperative farming", "hedge", "olive oil", "opendata", "farmers\u2019 attitudes", "agricultural management", "hedgerows", "flower strips", "semi-natural habitats", "discrete choice experiment", "spatial experiment", "Bodennutzung", "Europe", "Portugal", "Spain", "France", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Estonia", "Hungary", "Romania"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", 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