{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-18", "title": "Agroforestry systems: Meta-analysis of soil carbon stocks, sequestration processes, and future potentials", "description": "Abstract<p>Agroforestry (AF) has the potential to restore degraded lands, provide a broader range of ecosystem goods and services such as carbon (C) sequestration and high biodiversity, and increase soil fertility and ecosystem stability through additional C input from trees, erosion prevention, and microclimate improvement. Advantages and processes for global C sequestration in AF are unknown. We used a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 427 soil C stock data pairs grouped into four main AF systems\uffe2\uff80\uff94alley cropping, windbreaks, silvopastures, and homegardens\uffe2\uff80\uff94and evaluated changes in AF and adjacent control cropland or pasture. Mean soil C stocks in AF (1\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) were 126\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which is 19% more than that in cropland or pasture. The highest C stocks in soil were in subtropical homegardens, AF with younger trees, and topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). Increased soil C stocks in AF were lower than aboveground C stocks in most AF systems, except alley cropping. Homegardens stored the highest C in both aboveground and belowground, especially in the subsoil (20\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm). Advantages of AF ecosystem services focusing on mechanisms of belowground C sequestration were analyzed. AF could store 5.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0109\uffc2\uffa0Mg additional C in soil on 944\uffc2\uffa0Mha globally, with most in the tropics and subtropics. AF systems could greatly contribute to global soil C sequestration if used in larger areas. Future investigations of AF should include (a) mechanistic\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies (instead of common monitoring and inventories), (b) models linking forest and crop growth with soil water and C and nutrient cycling, and (c) accurate assessments of the AF area worldwide based on the remote sensing approaches.</p>", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "13. Climate action", "sustainable land use", "homegardens", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agroforestry management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ecosystem services", "carbon sequestration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-27", "title": "Land Use Affects Soil Biochemical Properties In Mt. Kilimanjaro Region", "description": "\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V.Microbial parameters have been used to monitor changes in soil quality. Soils from four land use systems common in East Africa and present in the Mt. Kilimanjaro region: (1) montane forest, (2) savannah (3) maize fields and (4) Chagga homegardens were used in laboratory incubations to assess the effects of landuse changes on soil quality. Soil organic matter mineralization and the following microbial parameters: microbial biomass C, mineralization quotient, metabolic quotient and activities of four enzymes: \u03b2-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, phosphatase and chitinase were determined. Microbial biomass C content, \u03b2-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and chitinase activities were higher in natural systems compared to agricultural soils. High phosphatase activity observed in all land use types reflected strong phosphorus limitation in andic soils of the Mt. Kilimanjaro region. Chitinase activity in montane forest soils was 3 times higher than in Chagga homegardens. Mineralization quotient and cellobiohydrolase activity best exhibited the effect of land-use changes on soil quality in the Mt. Kilimanjaro region. Cellobiohydrolase activity was up to 3 times higher under natural ecosystems compared to agroecosystems. A high percentage of microbial biomass C content in total organic C and low metabolic quotient were observed in Chagga homegarden soils. Soil enzymes (especially cellobiohydrolase) best distinguished between natural and agricultural ecosystems, and are therefore useful for monitoring changes in soil quality. In conclusion, the measured microbial parameters clearly show that the microbial organisms in traditional Chagga homegardens system have high substrate use efficiency. This demonstrates that traditional agroforestry systems promotes soil fertility and are more suitable for agricultural production in the tropics compared to monocropping systems like maize plantations.", "keywords": ["Mineralization quotient", "2. Zero hunger", "Metabolic quotient", "Microbial biomass content", "13. Climate action", "Enzyme activity", "Agroforestry", "Chagga homegardens", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=homegardens&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=homegardens&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=homegardens&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=homegardens&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T19:06:48.991110Z"}