{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-16", "title": "Evaluating The Effect Of Shade Trees On Provision Of Ecosystem Services In Intensively Managed Coffee Plantations", "description": "Abstract   Intensively managed cropping systems with emphasis on productivity of the main crop can benefit from additional ecosystem services brought by integration of trees in the system \u2212 but potential drawbacks must also be accounted for. In an on-farm study, we used a variety of plant, soil and water- related variables to assess the effect of Erythrina spp. and Musa spp. on the provision of ecosystem services in productive, high-quality Coffea arabica plantations in Costa Rica. We found 1) no significant effect of shade trees on coffee production overall; 2) evidence that shade trees do affect flowering and subsequent cherry development, with effects strongly dependent on climate and annual variations in coffee plant physiology; 3) Erythrina shade trees significantly increased soil litter and relative infiltration rate of water in the soil, both linked to soil conservation and decrease in erosion; 4) even in highly fertilized environments, Erythrina trees do fix N which was taken up by adjacent coffee plants. The lack of significant negative effect of shade trees on overall coffee yield and the observation of the provision of other useful services was not unexpected, because of 1) the low density of shade trees in the study site (100\u2013350 trees/ha pruned twice a year on average) and 2) the sensitivity of coffee yields to other interacting effects such as climate, pests and diseases and physiological variations in the plant. Pending further long-term research into the factors affecting coffee yield, we find shade trees provide sufficient ecosystem services to justify their integration in even intensively managed plantations.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2658", "adaptation aux changements climatiques", "910", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me agricole", "01 natural sciences", "630", "agroforestry", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721", "Erythrina", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "transport des substances nutritives", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2328", "caf\u00e9", "Coffea arabica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "N fixation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5272", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5196", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "planting", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Fixation de l'azote", "r\u00e9sistance aux maladies", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "coffee", "plantation", "cycle hydrologique", "yield components", "arbre d'ombrage", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374567058134", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2392", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Theobroma cacao", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2992", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "tradeoff", "floraison", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25548", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1348040570280", "15. Life on land", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques", "r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11670", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7713", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324980490497393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-23", "title": "Litter Production And Soil Fertility In A Vitellaria Paradoxa Parkland In A Catena In Southern Mali", "description": "Many authors have expressed concerns about the evolution of soil fertility under cotton and cereal cultivation in southern Mali. Nevertheless, farmers have now cropped some of their fields for more than 30 years and still obtain fair yields. Our hypothesis is that the trees (mainly Vitellaria paradoxa) that farmers keep in their cropped fields help to maintain soil fertility. Consequently, we studied the relationships between the trees associated with crops and soil fertility on a sloped catena. On the lower section, 24 trees ha\u22121 cover 8% of the surface. They produce annually \u223c56.7\u00a0kg of leaves per tree. Corresponding mineral recyclings, under the crown, are, per m2 and per year: 19\u00a0g N; 1\u00a0g P; 19\u00a0g K; 29\u00a0g Ca; 10\u00a0g Mg. The soil contains significantly more C and N under the crown of the trees than outside this area. V. paradoxa trees are less numerous on the middle section (3\u00a0ha\u22121) and on the top section (1.5\u00a0ha\u22121) of the catena than on the lower section, and consequently, their effect on the soil is dec...", "keywords": ["agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "Vitellaria paradoxa", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "sol de zone aride", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_612", "01 natural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4540", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15235", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Traor\u00e9, Kalifa B., Ganry, Francis, Oliver, Robert, Gigou, Jacques,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324980490497393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324980490497393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324980490497393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324980490497393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Balance In A Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation In Congo: Effects Of Logging On Carbon Inputs And Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil CO2 efflux was measured in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut and intact plots in order to quantify the impact of harvest on soil respiration in an intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation, and to evaluate the increase in heterotrophic component of soil respiration because of the decomposition of harvest residues. Soil CO2 effluxes showed a pronounced seasonal trend, which was well related to the pattern of precipitation and soil water content and were always significantly lower in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots than in the intact plots. On an annual basis, soil respiration represented 1.57 and 0.91\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots, respectively. During the first year following harvest, residues have lost 0.79\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Our estimate of heterotrophic respiration was calculated assuming that it was similar to soil respiration in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut area except that the decomposition of residues did not occur, and it was further corrected for differences in soil water content between intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots and for the cessation of leaf and fine root turnover in clear cut. Heterotrophic respiration in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots was estimated at 1.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereas it was only 0.65\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact plots (41% of soil respiration). Assumptions and uncertainties with these calculations are discussed.</p>", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "F60 - Physiologie et biochimie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "FOREST MANAGEMENT", "01 natural sciences", "EUCALYPTUS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2159", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "CLEAR-CUT", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2847", "abattage d'arbres", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBON BUDGET", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "LITTERFALL", "d\u00e9gradation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8500", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10067/1804720151162165141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-21", "title": "Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs", "description": "<p>Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprotrophic fungi interact in the breakdown of organic matter, but the mechanisms underlying the EcM role on organic matter decomposition are not totally clear. We hypothesized that the ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungi are modulated by resources availability and accessibility, determining decomposition rates. We manipulated the amount of leaf litter inputs (No-Litter, Control Litter, Doubled Litter) on Trenched (root exclusion) and Non-Trenched plots (with roots) in a temperate deciduous forest of EcM-associated trees. Resultant shifts in soil fungal communities were determined by phospholipid fatty acids and DNA sequencing after 3 years, and CO2 fluxes were measured throughout this period. Different levels of leaf litter inputs generated a gradient of organic substrate availability and accessibility, altering the composition and ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungal communities. EcM fungi dominated at low levels of fresh organic substrates and lower organic matter quality, where short-distances exploration types seem to be better competitors, whereas saprotrophs and longer exploration types of EcM fungi tended to dominate at high levels of leaf litter inputs, where labile organic substrates were easily accessible. We were, however, not able to detect unequivocal signs of competition between these fungal groups for common resources. These results point to the relevance of substrate quality and availability as key factors determining the role of EcM and saprotroph fungi on litter and soil organic matter decay and represent a path forward on the capacity of organic matter decomposition of different exploration types of EcM fungi.</p", "keywords": ["liti\u00e8re v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "Plant detritus", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Quercus petraea", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24064", "Champignon", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_14083", "litter decomposition", "Plant Science", "630", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "Saprophyte", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33550", "environment/Symbiosis", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "plant detritus", "106026 Ecosystem research", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3145", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5023", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5387", "soil fungal communities", "Mycorhiz\u00e9", "0303 health sciences", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "Ectomycorrhiza fungal exploration types", "ectomycorrhiza fungal exploration types", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24692", "Litter decomposition", "Plant culture", "Soil fungal communities", "[SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Symbiosis", "15. Life on land", "Gadgil effect", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35482", "CO2 fluxes", "ectomycorhize", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "mati\u00e8re organique", "CO fluxes", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "champignon du sol", "environment/Ecosystems", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10067/1804720151162165141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10067/1804720151162165141", "name": "item", "description": "10067/1804720151162165141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10067/1804720151162165141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-21T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_3047&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_3047&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_3047&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_3047&offset=4", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 4, "numberReturned": 4, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T03:14:40.716210Z"}