{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:08Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2019-07-23", "title": "A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning research", "description": "Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.", "keywords": ["580", "Biodiversity change", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "Geography & travel", "577", "Food web", "Spatial scaling", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Ecosystem functions", "Management", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "03 medical and health sciences", "Eco-evolution", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Multifunctionality", "Landscape", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Real-world biodiversity change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-28", "title": "Future changes in the Dominant Source Layer of riparian lateral water fluxes in a subhumid Mediterranean catchment", "description": "The \u2018Dominant Source Layer\u2019 (DSL) is defined as the riparian zone (RZ) depth stratum that contributes the most to water and solute fluxes to streams. The concept can be used to explain timing and amount of matter transferred from RZs to streams in forest headwaters. Here, we investigated the potential impact of future climate changes on the long-term position of the DSL in a subhumid Mediterranean headwater catchment. We used the rainfall-runoff model PERSiST to simulate reference (1981\u20132000) and future (2081\u20132100) stream runoff. The latter were simulated using synthetic temperature, precipitation, and inter-event length scenarios in order to simulate possible effects of changes in temperature, rainfall amount, and rainfall event frequency and intensity. Simulated stream runoff was then used to estimate RZ groundwater tables and the proportion of lateral water flux at every depth in the riparian profile; and hence the DSL. Our simulations indicated that future changes in temperature and precipitation will have a similar impact on the long-term DSL position. Nearly all scenarios projected that, together with reductions in stream runoff and water exports, the DSL will move down in the future, by as much as ca. 30 cm. Shallow organic-rich layers in the RZ will only be hydrologically activated during sporadic, large rainfall episodes predicted for the most extreme inter-event length scenarios. Consequently, terrestrial organic matter inputs to streams will decrease, likely reducing catchment organic matter exports and stream dissolved organic carbon concentrations. This study highlights the importance of identifying vertical, hydrologically active layers in the RZ for a better understanding of the potential impact of future climate on lateral water transfer and their relationship with surface water quality and carbon cycling.", "keywords": ["Terrestrial\u2013aquatic interface", "550", "Geography & travel", "Physics", "Catchment biogeochemistry", "0207 environmental engineering", "Oceanography", " Hydrology", " Water Resources", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "ddc:910", "Hydrological connectivity", "Environmental change", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Environmental changes", "Water Resources", "Hydrological modelling", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Hydrology", "Mediterranean climate", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/24383/1/ledesma_j_l_j_et_al_210603.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-15", "title": "Some Ecological Side-Effects Of Chemical And Physical Bush Clearing In A Southern African Rangeland Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract Bush thickening is a major concern to farmers of arid and semi-arid rangelands; reactive intervention remains the norm. Here we compared some of the short-term ecological implications of chemical and physical removal of the bush encroacher Acacia mellifera in the central Highland savanna of Namibia. We selected 21 invaded sites, 7 had been chemically cleared, 7 had been physically cleared and 7 had never been cleared. From each site, we recorded grass species composition, as well as the densities of A. mellifera, the undesired perennial shrub Pechuel-loeschea leubnitziae and a non-targeted tree Acacia erioloba, 24\u201330\u00a0months post-treatment. We fitted one-way ANOVA models to test for the effect of treatment on grass species richness and density of targeted and non-targeted tree species. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine how treatment affected grass species composition. While both treatments reduced the density of the bush encroacher, P. leubnitziae effectively replaced A. mellifera in chemically treated sites, where die-back presumably happened faster and nutrient and water competition decreased more rapidly. In such sites, perennial grass species were effectively outcompeted by P. leubnitiziae.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "330", "Geography & travel", "Senegalia mellifera", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Namibia", "01 natural sciences", "Sage bush", "Vachellia erioloba", "Physical soil disturbance", "Acacia giraffae", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Bush encroachment", "Savannah", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/South%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.07.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-021-00192-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-10", "title": "Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams", "description": "Abstract

Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.Chromium contamination is a serious environmental issue in areas affected by leather tanning and metal plating, and green rust sulfate has been tested extensively as a potential material for in situ chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium in groundwater. Reported products and mechanisms for the reaction have varied, most likely because of green rust\uffe2\uff80\uff99s layered structure, as reduction at outer and interlayer surfaces might produce different reaction products with variable stabilities. Based on studies of Cr(III) oxidation by biogenic Mn (IV) oxides, Cr mobility in oxic soils is controlled by the solubility of the Cr(III)-bearing phase. Therefore, careful engineering of green rust properties, i.e., crystal/particle size, morphology, structure, and electron availability, is essential for its optimization as a remediation reagent. In the present study, pure green rust sulfate and green rust sulfate with Al, Mg and Zn substitutions were synthesized and reacted with identical chromate (CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) solutions. The reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy and treated with synthetic \uffce\uffb4-MnO2 to assess how easily Cr(III) in the products could be oxidized. It was found that Mg substitution had the most beneficial effect on Cr lability in the product. Less than 2.5% of the Cr(III) present in the reacted Mg-GR was reoxidized by \uffce\uffb4-MnO2 within 14\uffc2\uffa0days, and the particle structure and Cr speciation observed during X-ray scattering and absorption analyses of this product suggested that Cr(VI) was reduced in its interlayer. Reduction in the interlayer lead to the linkage of newly-formed Cr(III) to hydroxyl groups in the adjacent octahedral layers, which resulted in increased structural coherency between these layers, distinctive rim domains, sequestration of Cr(III) in insoluble Fe oxide bonding environments resistant to reoxidation and partial transformation to Cr(III)-substituted feroxyhyte. Based on the results of this study of hexavalent chromium reduction by green rust sulfate and other studies, further improvements can also be made to this remediation technique by reacting chromate with a large excess of green rust sulfate, which provides excess Fe(II) that can catalyze transformation to more crystalline iron oxides, and synthesis of the reactant under alkaline conditions, which has been shown to favor chromium reduction in the interlayer of Fe(II)-bearing phyllosilicates.

", "keywords": ["Chromium", "550", "Geography & travel", "Remediation", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "551", "01 natural sciences", "Chromium", " Green rust", " X-ray absorption spectroscopy", " Remediation", "remediation", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften", " Geologie::551 Geologie", " Hydrologie", " Meteorologie", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "QD1-999", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Green rust", "X-ray absorption spectroscopy", "540", "ddc:910", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Chemistry", "green rust", "13. Climate action", "chromium", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften", "0210 nano-technology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158695/1/s12932-020-00066-8.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochemical%20Transactions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12932-020-00066-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-09", "title": "Biotic And Abiotic Properties Mediating Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Microbial Communities In An Experimental Grassland", "description": "Plant diversity drives changes in the soil microbial community which may result in alterations in ecosystem functions. However, the governing factors between the composition of soil microbial communities and plant diversity are not well understood. We investigated the impact of plant diversity (plant species richness and functional group richness) and plant functional group identity on soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community structure in experimental grassland ecosystems. Total microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The diversity gradient covered 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 plant species and 1, 2, 3 and 4 plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, small herbs and tall herbs). In May 2007, soil samples were taken from experimental plots and from nearby fields and meadows. Beside soil texture, plant species richness was the main driver of soil microbial biomass. Structural equation modeling revealed that the positive plant diversity effect was mainly mediated by higher leaf area index resulting in higher soil moisture in the top soil layer. The fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio was positively affected by plant functional group richness and negatively by the presence of legumes. Bacteria were more closely related to abiotic differences caused by plant diversity, while fungi were more affected by plant-derived organic matter inputs. We found diverse plant communities promoted faster transition of soil microbial communities typical for arable land towards grassland communities. Although some mechanisms underlying the plant diversity effect on soil microorganisms could be identified, future studies have to determine plant traits shaping soil microbial community structure. We suspect differences in root traits among different plant communities, such as root turnover rates and chemical composition of root exudates, to structure soil microbial communities.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Geography & travel", "Science", "910", "Plant Roots", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "Biomass", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Q", "Fatty Acids", "R", "Fungi", "Water", "Biodiversity", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Grassland", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0096182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0096182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-29", "title": "Products of Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by Green Rust Sodium Sulfate and Associated Reaction Mechanisms", "description": "

The efficacy of in vitro Cr(VI) reduction by green rust sulfate suggests that this mineral is potentially useful for remediation of Cr-contaminated groundwater. Previous investigations studied this reaction but did not sufficiently characterize the intermediates and end products at chromate (CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations typical of contaminant plumes, hindering identification of the dominant reaction mechanisms under these conditions. In this study, batch reactions at varying chromate concentrations and suspension densities were performed and the intermediate and final products of this reaction were analyzed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy. This reaction produces particles that maintain the initial hexagonal morphology of green rust but have been topotactically transformed into a poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxyhydroxysulfate and are coated by a Cr (oxy) hydroxide layer that results from chromate reduction at the surface. Recent studies of the behavior of Cr(III) (oxy) hydroxides in soils have revealed that reductive transformation of CrO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 is reversible in the presence of Mn(IV) oxides, limiting the applicability of green rust for Cr remediation in some soils. The linkage of Cr redox speciation to existing Fe and Mn biogeochemical cycles in soils implies that modification of green rust particles to produce an insoluble, Cr(III)-bearing Fe oxide product may increase the efficacy of this technique.

", "keywords": ["Geography & travel", "910", "green rust sulfate", " chromium", " EXAFS", " metal redox cycles", "540", "ddc:910", "metal redox cycles", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "620", "EXAFS", "13. Climate action", "ddc:540", "ddc:550", "green rust sulfate", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "chromium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140695/1/Thomas%20et%20al%202018.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/2/4/58/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/soilsystems2040058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/soilsystems2040058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-12", "title": "Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC:NO3\u2212 stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream", "description": "

Abstract. In forest headwater streams, metabolic processes are predominately heterotrophic and depend on both the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and a favourable C:N stoichiometry. In this context, hydrological conditions and the presence of riparian forests adjacent to streams can play an important, yet understudied role determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios. Here, we aimed to investigate how the interplay between hydrological conditions and riparian forest coverage drives DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 supply and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry in an oligotrophic headwater Mediterranean stream. We analysed DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations, and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios during both base flow and storm flow conditions at three stream locations along a longitudinal gradient of increased riparian forest coverage. Further, we performed an event analysis to examine the hydroclimatic conditions that favour the transfer of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from riparian soils to the stream during large storms. Stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations were generally low (overall average\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89SD was 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.09\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921), although significantly higher during storm flow compared to base flow conditions in all three stream sites. Optimal DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry for stream heterotrophic microorganisms (corresponding to DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios between 4.8 and 11.7) was prevalent at the midstream and downstream sites under both flow conditions, whereas C-limited conditions were prevalent at the upstream site, which had no surrounding riparian forest. The hydroclimatic analysis of large storm events highlighted different patterns of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 mobilization depending on antecedent soil moisture conditions: drier antecedent conditions promoted rapid elevations of riparian groundwater tables, hydrologically activating a wider and shallower soil layer, and leading to relatively higher increases in stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations compared to events preceded by wet conditions. These results suggest that (i) increased supply of limited resources during storms can promote in-stream heterotrophic activity during high flows, especially during large storm events preceded by dry conditions, and (ii) C-limited conditions upstream were gradually overcome downstream, likely due to higher C inputs from riparian forests present at lower elevations. The contrasting spatiotemporal patterns in DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 availability and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry observed at the study stream suggests that groundwater inputs from riparian forests are essential for maintaining in-stream heterotrophic activity in oligotrophic, forest headwater catchments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Geography & travel", "T", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "14. Life underwater", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/4209/2022/hess-26-4209-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-2021-401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-2021-401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-12", "title": "Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC:NO3- stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream", "description": "

Abstract. In forest headwater streams, metabolic processes are predominately heterotrophic and depend on both the availability of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and a favourable C:N stoichiometry. In this context, hydrological conditions and the presence of riparian forests adjacent to streams can play an important, yet understudied role determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios. Here, we aimed to investigate how the interplay between hydrological conditions and riparian forest coverage drives DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 supply and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry in an oligotrophic headwater Mediterranean stream. We analysed DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations, and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios during both base flow and storm flow conditions at three stream locations along a longitudinal gradient of increased riparian forest coverage. Further, we performed an event analysis to examine the hydroclimatic conditions that favour the transfer of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 from riparian soils to the stream during large storms. Stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations were generally low (overall average\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89SD was 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.09\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N\uffe2\uff80\uff89L\uffe2\uff88\uff921), although significantly higher during storm flow compared to base flow conditions in all three stream sites. Optimal DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry for stream heterotrophic microorganisms (corresponding to DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 molar ratios between 4.8 and 11.7) was prevalent at the midstream and downstream sites under both flow conditions, whereas C-limited conditions were prevalent at the upstream site, which had no surrounding riparian forest. The hydroclimatic analysis of large storm events highlighted different patterns of DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 mobilization depending on antecedent soil moisture conditions: drier antecedent conditions promoted rapid elevations of riparian groundwater tables, hydrologically activating a wider and shallower soil layer, and leading to relatively higher increases in stream DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations compared to events preceded by wet conditions. These results suggest that (i) increased supply of limited resources during storms can promote in-stream heterotrophic activity during high flows, especially during large storm events preceded by dry conditions, and (ii) C-limited conditions upstream were gradually overcome downstream, likely due to higher C inputs from riparian forests present at lower elevations. The contrasting spatiotemporal patterns in DOC and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 availability and DOC:NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 stoichiometry observed at the study stream suggests that groundwater inputs from riparian forests are essential for maintaining in-stream heterotrophic activity in oligotrophic, forest headwater catchments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Geography & travel", "T", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "910", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/910", "14. Life underwater", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/4209/2022/hess-26-4209-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11579/142540", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-10", "title": "Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams", "description": "Abstract

Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.