Accurate knowledge of the response of root turnover to a changing climate is needed to predict growth and produce carbon cycle models. A soil warming system and shading were used to vary soil temperature and received radiation independently in a temperate grassland dominated by Holcus lanatus L. Minirhizotrons allowed root growth and turnover to be examined non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructively. In two short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (8 week) experiments, root responses to temperature were seasonally distinct. Root number increased when heating was applied during spring, but root death increased during autumnal heating. An experiment lasting 12 months demonstrated that any positive response to temperature was short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and that over a full growing season, soil warming led to a reduction in root number and mass due to increased root death during autumn and winter. Root respiration was also insensitive to soil temperature over much of the year. In contrast, root growth was strongly affected by incident radiation. Root biomass, length, birth rate, number and turnover were all reduced by shading. Photosynthesis in H. lanatus exhibited some acclimation to shading, but assimilation rates at growth irradiance were still lower in shaded plants. The negative effects of shading and soil warming on roots were additive. Comparison of root data with environmental measurements demonstrated a number of positive relationships with photosynthetically active radiation, but not with soil temperature. This was true both across the entire data set and within a shade treatment. These results demonstrate that root growth is unlikely to be directly affected by increased soil temperatures as a result of global warming, at least in temperate areas, and that predictions of net primary productivity should not be based on a positive root growth response to temperature.
", "keywords": ["Plantago lanceolata Acclimation", "Root respiration", "belowground production", "soil temperature", "warming", "Belowground net primary production", "550", "Received photosynthetically active radiation", "Root turnover", "Plantago lanceolata", "photosynthetically active radiation", "Plantago", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Minirhizotrons", "Keywords: acclimation", "climate change", "Holcus lanatus", "13. Climate action", "Lanceolata", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root system", "grassland", "shading", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/495/1/fitterah10.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-10", "title": "Soil Compaction Variation During Corn Growing Season Under Conservation Tillage", "description": "Abstract Area cultivated using conservation tillage methods has recently increased in Iran and soil compaction increment is one of the most challenging issues in this new technology. In addition to the soil compaction status at the end of growing season, soil compaction variation during the growing season is also important because of its potential effect on the crop growth and yield. Therefore, soil compaction variation during the corn growing season under different tillage methods and its effect on the crop yield was investigated in this study. The research was conducted in the form of a split plot experimental design with nine treatments and six replications. Main plots were tillage methods including: (1) conventional tillage method (CT); (2) reduced tillage (RT); and (3) zero tillage or direct drilling (ZT). Soil depth ranges of 0\u20130.10, 0.10\u20130.20, and 0.20\u20130.30\u00a0m were considered as sub plots. Soil bulk density (BD) and soil cone index (CI) were measured during corn growth season (eight measurements for bulk density and five measurements for cone index) as indices of soil compaction. Corn silage yield, thousand kernels weight, and grain yield were also determined in this research. Collected data were analyzed using SAS statistics software and Duncan's multiple range tests were used to compare the treatments means. Results indicated that tillage methods and soil depth had a significant effect on the soil bulk density so that the maximum soil bulk density was obtained from ZT method and soil depth range of 0.10\u20130.20\u00a0m. The difference between soil bulk densities in different tillage methods was statistically significant from the beginning of growth season to two month after the first irrigation (sixth measurement); while, this difference was not significant from the sixth measurement to the end of growth season. Soil cone index was also significantly affected by tillage methods and soil depth in such a way that ZT method and 0.20\u20130.30\u00a0m soil depth range had the maximum cone index. Although, the difference between tillage methods for corn yield and yield components was not statistically different, ZT method decreased corn thousand kernels weight, silage yield, and grain yield compared to the CT method for 11.1, 2.4, and 18.2%, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. Zabihi, S. Afzalinia,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-13", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon In Playas And Adjacent Prairies, Cropland, And Conservation Reserve Program Land Of The High Plains, Usa", "description": "Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important reservoir for atmospheric CO2 associated with climate warming. The High Plains, USA, lacks region-wide SOC estimates within playa wetlands and their adjacent watershed. Croplands often have less SOC than grasslands, and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP; former croplands planted to grass) may return SOC. Our goals were to estimate SOC within playa wetlands and investigate small scale differences within wetland catchments across a broad agriculturally modified landscape. We estimated SOC (kg\u00a0m\u22122) to 50\u00a0cm depth from 4 soil cores/catchment (in playas and 10, 40 and 100\u00a0m into uplands) at 56, 52, and 54 sites in native grassland, CRP and cropland, respectively. At a subset of sample locations within each land use type, we estimated SOC to 1\u00a0m depth to characterize SOC missed by shallow sampling. In playa wetlands, CRP SOC from 0 to 50\u00a0cm was 18% greater than croplands, but native grassland playa SOC did not differ from other land-uses. From 0 to 1\u00a0m, SOC in native grassland wetlands and uplands was 20% greater than the same habitats within croplands, while CRP lands were intermediate. Native grassland playa SOC also was 16% greater than in surrounding native short grass prairie. Playas therefore represent an important SOC repository in the High Plains ecoregion. CRP playas and uplands may require an additional 10\u201330 years to resemble native grassland SOC. SOC increased with playa area throughout CRP and native grassland catchments, suggesting playa hydrogeomorphology influences adjacent upland SOC. High Plains playas store 20.8\u00a0Tg C and cropland conversion caused a cumulative loss of 2.0\u00a0Tg C from 82,000\u00a0ha of playas. Currently, CRP enrollment on over 25,000\u00a0ha of playas has returned 0.2\u00a0Tg C (95% CI: 0.1\u20130.3), only half the historic SOC lost by cropland conversion within CRP playas. To promote SOC storage, native grasslands and large playas should be preserved and CRP enrollments should be maintained over long timescales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jessica L. O\u2019Connell, Dale W. Daniel, Loren M. Smith, Scott T. McMurry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-05", "title": "The accurate determination of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) removal efficiency by integrated-sonochemical system", "description": "Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the most investigated Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for being the strongest compound to eliminate and having adverse health concerns. In this work, we have conducted the sonochemical treatment of PFOS simulated water under high (500\u00a0kHz) and low (22\u00a0kHz) frequencies while monitoring the operational parameters via an integrated sonochemical system. The integrated advanced sonochemical system includes software to monitor treatment power, solution temperature and frequency while allowing distinctive control of the reaction conditions. Considering the lack of calorimetric measurements in earlier studies and the difficulty in achieving comparative outcomes, precise calorimetric measurements and determination of electrical energy per order (E(EO)) were performed in this study. The complete PFOS removal was achieved under 500\u00a0kHz frequency with optimum parameters including initial pollutant concentration (5\u00a0mg/L), ultrasound power density (400\u00a0W/L) and solution temperature (25\u00a0\u00b0C) within 180\u00a0min of treatment. The removal and mineralization extents (defluorination) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ion-chromatography (IC) analysis. Under optimum conditions, 100\u00a0% removal and 99\u00a0% mineralization were achieved. The rate constant (k) ranged from 0.011 to 0.031 [Formula: see text] (first-order reaction), which increased with the increase in the power density. While the solution temperature did not significantly affect the PFOS removal efficiency, the initial concentration was found to have a prominent effect on the reaction rate constant. However, experiments at low frequency (22\u00a0kHz) showed negligible removal efficiency. The specific energy requirement for reaching 90\u00a0% removal while considering the power consumed by the ultrasonic system from the main electrical source was determined to be 700 [Formula: see text] , which is much lower than other reported work under similar conditions. This work will be useful for both laboratory and industrial upscaling while acting as a benchmark reference to follow.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "EEO", "PFAS", "Acoustics. Sound", "QC221-246", "Frequency", "lMineralization", "Remova", "Sonochemical", "Chemistry", "PFOS", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Original Research Article", "Removal", "QD1-999"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ultrasonics%20Sonochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-03", "title": "Root-Length Densities Of Various Annual Crops Following Crops With Contrasting Root Systems", "description": "Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate how soil structure and root-length densities of annual crops can be influenced by preceding crops. Three different annual field crops (spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., winter barley, Hordeum vulgare L. and winter oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) were cultivated either after two continuous years of chicory, Cichorium intybus L., a perennial taprooted fodder crop or after annual crops with fibrous root systems (oats, Avena sativa L. and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb). Biopores of two diameter classes (2\u20135\u00a0mm and >5\u00a0mm) were quantified per unit surface area by visual classification in 45\u2013145\u00a0cm soil depth. Root-length density was estimated by using the profile wall method or by image analysis of roots washed from monolith samples. After chicory, the number of large sized biopores per unit surface area in the subsoil was greater than after annual crops with fibrous root systems. When grown after chicory, the root-length densities of annual winter crops below 115\u00a0cm soil depth were greater than after fibrous precrops. It is concluded that cultivation of taprooted crops with the ability to create larger sized biopores allows subsequent crops to establish more roots in deep soil layers, with potentially greater access to nutrients and water from the subsoil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-02", "title": "Tillage And Cover Crop Species Affect Soil Organic Carbon In Andosol, Kanto, Japan", "description": "1. IntroductionIn the Kanto region of Japan, a major agricultural areacontaining the largest plain in Honshu Island including the greaterTokyo area, moderate climate conditions support diverse agricul-tural production. A double-cropping system in which main cropswere cultivated in summer followed by winter cereals wasformerly practiced. However, winter cereals have disappeared inthe region because they cannot compete with foreign products,and winter fallowing is now a common practice in upland \ufb01elds.The predominantsoiltypeinthisregionisAndosol,whichcontainsmainly volcanic ash as parent material, as well as humus. Usuallyhigh soil carbon contents owing to low pH and formation ofaluminum\u2013humus complexes contribute to soil organic matteraccumulation (Miyazawa et al., 2013). However, \ufb01xation causeshigh phosphorus absorption and these soils are prone to winderosion owing to their weak structure, particularly in the winterfallow season. Andosols in upland \ufb01eld conditions often showimproved soil pH and available phosphorus through the applica-tion of super phosphorus or lime, brought about by farmingpractices that promote the decomposition of soil organic matter(Takataetal.,2011).Therefore,maintainingthesoilorganiccarbonin Andosols requires considerable inputs of C (Ohta, 2011).Soil organic carbon (SOC) has various roles in producing cropsand improving their environment(Franzluebbers, 2002; Lal, 2004a,2004b; Weil and Magdoff, 2004; Baker et al., 2007). For improvingSOC, manure application is a common practice (Shirato et al.,2004; Shimizuetal.,2009;KogaandTsuji,2009;Kimuraetal.,2011).SOC can be increased by elevating biomass production, practicingcrop rotation including cover crops, and practicing conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.12.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-08", "title": "Soil Biological Properties, Soil Losses And Corn Yield In Long-Term Organic And Conventional Farming Systems", "description": "Abstract Topsoil losses through surface runoff have severe implications for farmers, as well as surrounding ecosystems and waterbodies. However, integrating management systems that enhance soil organic matter (SOM) can stabilize the soil surface from erosion. Little is known about how differences in both tillage and cropping system management affect carbon and subsequent sediment losses in horticultural fields, particularly in the humid climate of the southeast. Research was conducted in the Appalachian Mountains in Mills River, NC on a fine-sandy loam Acrisol from 2010 to 2012 on long-term plots established in 1994. Project objectives included to: (1) quantify labile and total organic matter based on tillage and cropping system practices, (2) determine if relationships exist between SOC ad sediment losses, and (3) determine long-term management and tillage impacts on total organic matter lost via runoff. We hypothesized that organic management and reduced tillage would lead to increased soil carbon, which subsequently reduce losses as soil is stabilized. Organic no tillage and conventional till treatments contained on average 14.34 and 6.80\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 total carbon (TC) respectively, with the organic no till treatments containing twice the quantity of TC and light fraction particulate organic matter (LPOM) in the upper 15\u00a0cm as compared with the conventionally tilled treatments, and four times the quantity of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). LPOM and HPOM, the heavier fraction of POM, did not differ in the organic till and conventional no till treatments.Data support our hypothesis that organic production in combination with no tillage increases C pools (both total and labile) as compared with tilled conventional plots. However, organic no till treatments produced sweet corn ( Zea mays var. saccharata ) yields less than 50% of that of conventional treatments, attributed to weed competition and lack of available N. No tillage treatments lost two to four times less soil C via surface runoff than tilled systems. Additionally, we found that as total soil C increased, suspended solids lost through surface runoff decreased. Overall, our results indicate tillage to be an important factor in enhancing soil C and decreasing soil loss through surface runoff.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-02", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Cropping Systems On Runoff, Soil Loss And Crop Yields Under Semiarid Rainfed Agriculture In India", "description": "Cropping practice (tillage) is an important management tool for tackling water induced erosion hazard, promoting in situ water conservation and improving and stabilising crop yields from rainfed production systems of semiarid and subtropical regions. Four practices including conventional tillage (CT), ridge farming tillage (RFT), no tillage (NT) and stubble mulch farming tillage (SMFT) were evaluated for 11 years (1990\u20131991 to 2001\u20132002) under semiarid rainfed conditions in western India on a very deep, sandy loam soil. Green gram1 (Vigna radiata)\u2013mustard (Brassica juncea) sequential cropping and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping systems were tested for the first four years (first phase of the experiment). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)\u2013mustard sequential cropping and cowpea + castor (Ricinus communis) intercropping systems were used for the following seven years (second phase of the experiment). Runoff, soil losses, sediment concentrations, crop yields, soil organic carbon, bulk density and water stable aggregates were observed for all the treatment combinations. RFT and SMFT were both effective in reducing runoff and soil loss. RFT, NT and SMFT reduced runoff by 69.4, 16.2 and 59.6% respectively compared with CT. Average soil loss in NT was 37.2% less than CT. Average sediment concentration of runoff during June\u2013July was greater than in August\u2013October for all treatments and average sediment concentrations were greater under CT and RFT. The highest average yield of all crops except green gram was recorded under SMFT. Surface soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density and water stable macro-aggregates were all significantly greater under NT at the end of the experiment, but reverting to uniform tillage negated this effect. Micro-aggregates built-up under SMFT were relatively more stable than those all under NT. The results of this study demonstrate that in the semi-arid sub-tropical agro-ecosystem of Gujarat (western India) adoption of SMFT can significantly improve and stabilise the crop yields and reverse land degradation process.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-24", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration In Soils Under Different Management In The Semi-Arid Pampa (Argentina)", "description": "A B S T R A C T Soil management affects distribution and the stocks of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different crop sequences and tillage systems on the vertical distribution and stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen. We hypothesized that no-tillage promotes surface organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation, but does not affect the C and N stocks, when compared with reduced tillage. In addition, the incorporation of maize in the crop sequence increases total organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks. Observations were carried out in 2010 in an experiment located in the semiarid Argentine Pampa, on an Entic Haplustoll. A combination of three tillage systems (no tillage, no tillage with cover crop in winter and reduced tillage) and two crop sequences (soybean\u2013maize and soybean monoculture) were assessed. After 15 years of management treatments, soil samples to a depth of 100 cm at seven intervals, were taken and analyzed for bulk density, organic carbon and total nitrogen. Total organic carbon stock up to a depth of 100 cm showed significant differences between soils under different tillage systems (reduced tillage < no tillage = no tillage with cover crop), the last ones having 8% more than the reduced tillage treatment. Soybean\u2013maize had 3% more organic C up to 100 cm depth than the soybean monoculture. Total nitrogen stock was higher under no-till treatments than under reduced tillage, both at 0\u201350 and 0\u2013100 cm depths. Total organic carbon stratification ratios (0\u20135 cm/5\u201310 cm) were around 1.6 under no-till and lower under reduced tillage. The stratification ratio explains less than 40% of soil carbon stock. Tillage system had a greater impact on soil carbon stock than crop sequence.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-30", "title": "Impact Of Agricultural Land-Use Change On Carbon Storage In Boreal Alaska", "description": "AbstractClimate warming is most pronounced at high latitudes, which could result in the intensification of the extensively cultivated areas in the boreal zone and could further enhance rates of forest clearing in the coming decades. Using paired forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90field sampling and a chronosequence approach, we investigated the effect of conversion of boreal forest to agriculture on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in interior Alaska. Chronosequences showed large soil C losses during the first two decades following deforestation, with mean C stocks in agricultural soils being 44% or 8.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922lower than C stocks in original forest soils. This suggests that soil C losses from land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change in the boreal region may be greater than those in other biomes. Analyses of changes in stable C isotopes and in quality of soil organic matter showed that organic C was lost from soils by combustion of cleared forest material, decomposition of organic matter and possibly erosion. Chronosequences indicated an increase in C storage during later decades after forest clearing, with 60\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old grassland showing net ecosystem C gain of 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922over the original forest. This increase in C stock resulted probably from a combination of large C inputs from belowground biomass and low C losses due to a small original forest soil C stock and low tillage frequency. Reductions in soil N stocks caused by land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change were smaller than reductions in C stocks (34% or 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), resulting in lower C/N ratios in field compared with forest mineral soils, despite the occasional incorporation of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90C forest\uffe2\uff80\uff90floor material into field soils. Carbon mineralization per unit of mineralized N was considerably higher in forests than in fields, which could indicate that decomposition rates are more sensitive in forest soils than in field soils to inorganic N addition (e.g. by increased N deposition from the atmosphere). If forest conversion to agriculture becomes more widespread in the boreal region, the resulting C losses (51% or 11.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922at the ecosystem level in this study) will induce a positive feedback to climatic warming and additional land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change. However, by selecting relatively C\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soils and by implementing management practices that preserve C, losses of C from soils can be reduced.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00738.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-26", "title": "Soil Quality Indicators In A Rhodic Paleudult Under Long Term Tillage Systems", "description": "Many investigations have focused in defining soil quality indicator components. However, for understanding better the impact of soil tillage systems on soil quality, a broader approach is demanded, with simultaneous soil attributes evaluations, by using multivariate analysis. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the long-term effect of two tillage systems on the soil C and N stocks in comparison to those of native grassland and to identify the most suitable soil attributes for characterizing soil quality. The experiment was established in 1988 at the Agronomic Experimental Station of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Treatments consisted of two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and a reference area under native grassland. Soil analysis was performed up to 20 cm. Soil organic matter, C and N, physical fractionation was performed and carbon management index calculated. Microbial biomass C and N was determined as well as soil aggregate stability. From soil aggregation, soil average diameters and mass were grouped, and classes determined to calculate mean weight diameter. After 18 years, conventionally tilled soil showed lower total C and N stocks in comparison to no-tilled soil, which did not differ from native grassland soil. Soil C stocks ranged from 44.3 to 34.1 Mg ha\u22121 for the native grassland and conventional tillage system and total nitrogen ranged from 5.2 to 4.1 Mg ha\u22121 for the native grassland and no-tillage system, in the 0\u201320 cm layer. Among the tested soil quality indicators, the microbial biomass-C, total and particulate C stocks, particulate C and N stocks, and mean weight diameter were the indexes that best indicated soil tillage system effects, and they are therefore recommended for future use in evaluating soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon management index", "Conventional tillage", "No tillage", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-22", "title": "Soil Property Variation Under Agroforestry Based Conservation Tillage And Maize Based Conventional Tillage In Southern Ethiopia", "description": "With the objectives of assessing variations in selected soil properties, two tillage types: agroforestry based conservation tillage (AFCST) and maize based conventional tillage (MCVT) under three age categories (5, 10 and 15-years) were selected in Chichu and Haroresa Kebels, Dilla Zuria, Ethiopia. A total of 48 composite soil samples (4 replication \u00d7 2 tillage types \u00d7 3 age categories \u00d7 2 soil depth layers: 0\u201310 cm and 10\u201320 cm) were collected to analyze texture and soil organic carbon (SOC%). Addational undisturbed core samples were also collected to determine soil bulk density (g cm\u22123). Water infiltration capacity was also measured in the field using double ring infiltrometer. The results showed that clay and sand textural fractions significantly varied (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) with age of land management. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content (SMC), total porosity (Pt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) varied significantly with tillage types (p < 0.001) and soil depth (p < 0.001). Water infiltration (rate and cumulative) significantly varied (p < 0.001) with tillage types: higher in the AFCST than in the MCVT. Lower soil bulk density, higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture content (SMC) were observed in the top 0\u201310 cm soil layer under the AFCST than in the MCVT. Soil bulk density and soil moisture content (SMC) increased while total porosity (Pt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased with soil depth in both tillage types. Improvement in the soil properties under AFCST was due to higher soil organic matter (SOM) input and less soil disturbance. Thus, reducing the frequency of soil disturbance through application of conservation tillage would help to improve the soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fantaw Yimer, Haile Ketema,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-10", "title": "Impacts Of 9 Years Of A New Conservational Agricultural Management On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions", "description": "Abstract Labile soil organic carbon pools are widely regarded as valuable indicators of changes in soil C sequestration pools and dynamics induced by different soil management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate how a new conservational agricultural management (NCAM), which has been proved to be an effective pattern to increase corn yield, affects soil organic C (SOC) and labile SOC pools after a 9-year experiment in Northeast China. Narrow-wide row (1.70\u00a0m wide row and 0.30\u00a0m narrow row, corn is sowed in the narrow row with two lines), no-till, residue retention, change of ridge direction, and fallow are adopted for NCAM. Soil under conventional agricultural management (CAM) was also studied to be as a comparison. Soil samples were taken from 0\u201320 to 20\u201340\u00a0cm depths. The results showed that no significant difference was found for SOC between the two managements for both depths, indicating that SOC is a too gross measurement. Soil labile organic C fractions: microbial biomass C, hot-water extractable organic C and permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO 4 \u2013C) contents were significantly higher under NCAM compared to CAM for both depths, reflecting the build-up of labile C pools under NCAM. In addition, of the three C fractions, KMnO 4 \u2013C was the most sensitive indicator of changes in SOC induced by different agricultural management regimes. Our results implied that the application of NCAM is important to soil C sequestration and improving soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qicun Wang, Quan-Ying Wang, Jingshuang Liu, Yang Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Land Use On Soil Respiration In The Temperate Steppe Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Land use change has greatly affected ecosystem C processes and C exchanges in grassland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of land use (mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing) on soil respiration (Rs) of a semi-arid temperate grassland during two growing seasons in Inner Mongolia, northern China, and to identify the main factors that affected Rs. During the growing season, Rs for the mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing land-use types averaged 129, 150, and 194\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2011 (a dry year), versus 309, 272, and 262\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2012 (a wet year). Root respiration (Rr) accounted for 13\u201355% of Rs in 2011, versus 10\u201362% in 2012. Rs was strongly positively correlated with soil moisture for all three land uses, but weakly correlated with soil temperature (R2\u00a0<\u00a00.4 in all cases). Rs was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.834), soil organic matter (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.765), root biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.704), lignin mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.422), and the cellulose mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.849) and significantly negatively correlated with the litter C/N (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.609). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) exhibited large monthly changes, and ranged from 0.52 to 2.12. Rainfall plays a dominant role in soil respiration: precipitation increased soil respiration, but the response differed among the land-use types. Thus, soil water availability is a primary constraint on plant growth and ecosystem C processes. Soil temperature plays a secondary role. Litter decomposition rates and litter quality also appear to be important.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Yan, Jirui Gong, Zi-Yu Zhang, Yong-Mei Huang, Wei Zhang, Yihui Wang, Min Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep01732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Biochar And Denitrification In Soils: When, How Much And Why Does Biochar Reduce N2o Emissions?", "description": "Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10-90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the (15)N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an 'electron shuttle' that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cayuela, M.L.*, S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Lehmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep01732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep01732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect Of Straw Return Mode On Soil Aggregation And Aggregate Carbon Content In An Annual Maize-Wheat Double Cropping System", "description": "Abstract Crop residue is a commonly used organic soil amendment in summer maize (June\u2013October)\u2013winter wheat (October\u2013June of next year) rotation systems. However, the effects of different straw return modes on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in different water-stable aggregates have not been extensively investigated in these cropping systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the long-term (7 yr) impact of C input on the SOC content of four soil aggregate size classes (large macroaggregates; small macroaggregates; microaggregates, silt plus clay fraction) and in explicit SOC fractions (free light fraction, free LF; intra-aggregate particulate organic matter, iPOM; mineral-associated matter, mSOM) within the top 40\u00a0cm of soil in a wheat\u2013maize double cropping system in Northwest China. Four treatments were examined: (i) no return (control); (ii) return of wheat straw only (WR); (iii) return of maize straw only (MR); and (iV) return of both maize and wheat straw (MR-WR). Over the experimental period, the change in SOC under the four treatments ranged from \u22120.96 to 5.83\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 and a significant linear relationship between SOC change and cumulative C input (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.9882, P\u00a0 \u00a0fine iPOM\u00a0>\u00a0coarse iPOM\u00a0>\u00a0free LF. Straw return significantly increased the C stock in iPOM and mSOM relative to the control. Coarse iPOM was the most sensitive indicator of C change and mSOM was the main form of SOC under long-term straw return. A significant linear relationship existed between cumulative C input and the mass proportion of macroaggregates as well as the C content of SOC fractions (or aggregate fractions). Soil depth had a significant influence on almost all measurements, with greater values observed in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer than in the 20\u201340\u00a0cm layer. Overall, return of both maize and wheat straw was the best strategy for improving soil structure, soil organic carbon, and crop yield. However, straw return from one crop was sufficient to maintain initial SOC levels, and conserved straw could be used for cellulosic feedstocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-01", "title": "Recalcitrant And Labile Carbon Pools In A Sub-Humid Tropical Soil Under Different Tillage Combinations: A Case Study Of Rice-Wheat System", "description": "Abstract In order to utilize agricultural soils as an option to offset atmospheric carbon, it is essential to ascertain the degree of stability of the accrued carbon. A two step acid hydrolysis technique was used to separate labile and recalcitrant carbon pools in soil upto 30\u00a0cm depth to analyze their responses to different tillage managements after eight years of continuous practice in a sub-humid tropical rice\u2013wheat system of Indo-Gangetic plains. There were four tillage practices; tillage before sowing/transplantation of every crop (RCT-WCT), tillage before transplanting of rice but no tillage before sowing the succeeding wheat crop (RCT-WNT), tillage before sowing of wheat but no tillage before sowing of rice (RNT-WCT), and no tillage before sowing of rice as well as wheat (RNT-WNT). It was observed that reduction in tillage frequency enhanced the total and recalcitrant carbon contents in soil with the maximum rate of sequestration recorded under RNT-WNT (0.59\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ). The fraction of carbon translated into recalcitrant pool was constant under all the tillage combinations indicating that carbon stabilization was dependent predominantly on organic matter input in the rice\u2013wheat system. Conventional tillage on the other hand caused loss of carbon from the soil as observed by reduction in total soil carbon content under RCT-WCT. Reduction in recalcitrant carbon content under RCT-WCT further indicated that acid hydrolysis might not represent long term carbon accumulation reliably. Concentration of phenolics in labile pool increased under RNT-WNT, RCT-WNT and RNT-WCT practices which also had higher total and recalcitrant carbon pools. This indicated towards contribution of phenolics in carbon stabilization in the soil. Results of the present study further suggested that adoption of no till agriculture in the region offers significant carbon sequestration opportunity under proper agricultural management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-10", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Different Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer Treatments On Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration And Crop Yields On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of different fertilization of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop yields after a 22 years long-term field experiment. The crop yields and SOC were investigated from 1981 to 2003 in Dry-Land Farming Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Province, China. The dominant cropping systems are winter wheat\u2013summer corn rotation. There were totally sixteen treatments applied to both wheat and corn seasons: inorganic fertilizers as main plots and corn stalks as subplots and the main plots and subplots all have four levels. The results revealed: after 22 years, mixed application of inorganic fertilizers and crop residuals, the SOC and crop yields substantially increased. Higher fertilizer application rates resulted in greater crop yields improvement. In 2002\u20132003, wheat and corn for the highest fertilizer inputs had the highest yield level, 6400\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 8600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. However, the SOC decreased as the excessive inorganic fertilizer input and increased with the rising application of corn stalks. The treatment of the second-highest inorganic fertilizer and the highest corn stalks had the highest SOC concentration (8.64\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121). Pearson correlation analysis shows that corn and winter wheat yields and the mineralization amount of SOC have significant correlation with SOC at p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "N. Zhao, Z.C. Yang, Yizhong Lv, F. Huang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-31", "title": "Influence Of Soil Management On Soil Physical Characteristics And Water Storage In A Mature Rainfed Olive Orchard", "description": "Mechanical tillage represents the most common technique of soil management in olive orchards within the Mediterranean Basin. Such practice may result in soil structure degradation which can significantly reduce water infiltration causing runoff and erosion processes. An alternative opportunity is given by the use of cover crops which eliminates most of the disadvantages of conventional tillage. An experiment was carried out from 2007 to 2009 in a mature and rainfed olive grove located in Southern Italy with the aim to evaluate the effect of different soil management techniques on soil structure and soil water content and storage along the profile. The experimental site was characterised by a slope gradient ranging from 0 to 16%. Since 2000, the olive grove was subjected to two different management systems: sustainable system, SS (no-tillage, spontaneous vegetation cover, annual recycling of pruning material) and conventional system, CS (tillage, no recycling of pruning material). Modifications of soil structure induced by the two different management systems were quantified by micromorphometric analysis of macroporosity. Soil hydrological behavior was determined by field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements. Soil water content was measured at 10/15-day intervals by gypsum resistivity blocks placed in flat and steep areas (summit, backslope, and footslope) of both systems at different soil depths (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200\u00a0cm). In the SS soil macroporosity was not very high (about 10%) but homogeneously distributed along the profile which favored the vertical water movement down to deeper horizons. In the CS the occurrence of soil crusting and of compacted layers along the profile hindered infiltration and percolation of rainfall water influencing the soil water content below the 100\u00a0cm layer. The SS was able to better store water from rainfall, received during the autumn\u2013winter period, especially in the deepest soil layer (from 100 to 200\u00a0cm). This was evident especially in the steep area at the summit position, where the water amounts stored by SS were 45 and 17% higher than those retained by the CS in 2007 and 2009, respectively. During summer such reserves were available for the olive root systems which usually, under the driest conditions, explore the deep soil zone in search of water. Under our experimental conditions, no yield reduction was observed due to the prompt mowing of the spontaneous cover crops. Therefore, the suitable use of cover crops should be communicated to the olive farmers and strongly recommended within agricultural policy strategies for its evident agronomical and environmental benefits (increase of soil organic carbon, soil structure improvement, reduction of soil and water losses, carbon sequestration).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil macroporosity", "Cover crops", "Olea europaea; Cover crops; Soil water storage; Soil macroporosity; Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil water storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Olea europaea", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-02", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen As Affected By Tillage And Residue Management Under Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has received robust attention worldwide in relation to soil management. This study was conducted to determine the temporal effects of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC and N under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Four tillage systems for winter wheat established in 2001 were: moldboard plow tillage with maize residues removed (PT0), moldboard plow tillage with maize residues incorporated (PT), rotary tillage with maize residues incorporated (RT), and no-till with maize residues retained on the soil surface (NT). Compared with PT0 and PT, significantly higher SOC and N concentrations were observed in the surface layer (0\u201310 cm depth) under NT and RT. In 2004, the SOC stocks were lower (P RT > PT > PT0 in both years. Compared with other treatments, SOC and N stocks were the lowest (P < 0.05) under PT0. Therefore, crop residues play an important role in SOC and N management, and improvement of soil quality. The higher SOC stratification was observed under NT and RT than under PT and PT0, whereas the C:N ratio was higher (P < 0.05) under PT and PT0 than under NT and RT systems. Therefore, the notion that NT leads to higher SOC stocks than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny. Nonetheless, some benefits associated with NT present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the long-term environmental sustainability under wheat\u2013maize double-cropping system in the NCP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fu Chen, Rattan Lal, Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe, Hailin Zhang, Zhong-Du Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Incorporation On Active Soil Organic Carbon Pools In A Subtropical Paddy Field", "description": "Abstract Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to changing environment and management practices is crucial for minimizing the climatic impacts of rice agriculture. This study examined the effects of rice straw incorporation on total SOC, active SOC fractions, and carbon pool management index (CPMI) in a subtropical paddy field in China. The straw collected after harvesting the early and late paddy was incorporated immediately into the top 10\u00a0cm soil at a rate of 3.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 and the top 40\u00a0cm soil samples in the triplicate treatment, control and reference plots were analyzed for the concentrations of total SOC and four other active SOC fractions at the end of the early and late seasons. The concentrations of total soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly ( P r \u00a0=\u00a00.60\u20130.96, P\u00a0 r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.94, P r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.99, P P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-15", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Increase Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux Of Winter Wheat Field: A Case Study In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract As the largest reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), soil is a source or sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Understanding the processes whereby soil CO 2 is released into the atmosphere as a result of using inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers may provide us with knowledge of processes to offset the increasing concentration of CO 2 . The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different N levels on soil CO 2 efflux with one controlled experiment. A field experiment was carried out in a non-irrigated winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 cropland in Northwest China to investigate the effects of N fertilization on soil CO 2 efflux in two consecutive growing seasons (2007\u20132009). The soil CO 2 efflux to which N was applied at four different levels (0, 90, 180, and 360\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was measured during the growing seasons in 2007\u20132009. At most growth stages during the growing season, the soil CO 2 efflux increased significantly with increased N application. The effect of N fertilization on the cumulative soil CO 2 efflux was obvious. In the 10\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer, the seasonal variations in soil CO 2 effluxes were influenced by soil temperature (ST) rather than by soil water content (SWC). When ST >20\u00a0\u00b0C, however, the low soil CO 2 efflux was mainly due to low SWC, which was close to the permanent wilting point (8.5\u00a0g H 2 O 100\u00a0g dry soil \u22121 ). In addition, soil CO 2 effluxes after anthesis were higher than those at seedling stage and were highest nearby anthesis stage. The results indicated that N fertilization probably had a positive effect on both the seasonal and cumulative soil CO 2 effluxes during the growing season.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-13", "title": "Differences In Rice Yield And Ch4 And N2o Emissions Among Mechanical Planting Methods With Straw Incorporation In Jianghuai Area, China", "description": "Abstract Mechanical planting is replacing manual transplanting in the major Asian rice cropping areas, however, few are known about the impacts of mechanical planting on rice yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Therefore, a two-year experiment was conducted to examine the impacts of dry direct-seeding (MDS), wet direct-seeding (MWS) and transplanting (MTP) in Jianghuai area, China. The results showed that CH 4 emission was significantly lower in the MDS than the MWS and MTP both with and without straw incorporation. No significant difference in N 2 O emission was found among the planting methods. Straw incorporation significantly stimulated CH 4 emission in the MWS and MTP, but not in the MDS. The lowest rice yield was found in the MWS, while there was no significant difference in grain yield between the MDS and MTP methods. The area-scaled emission of CH 4 and N 2 O in CO 2 -equivalent unit was respectively 78.5 and 89.6% lower in the MDS than those in the MWS and MTP without straw incorporation, and 87.7 and 94.1% lower with straw incorporation. The yield-scaled emission was correspondingly 80.4 and 88.1% lower without straw incorporation, and 89.0 and 93.4% lower with straw incorporation, respectively. Our results indicate that MDS can get an acceptable yield with a large reduction in GHGs emissions in the test location.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Zhang, Chunlian Song, Lu Ming, Aixing Deng, Weijian Zhang, Xiaoning Hang, Yu Jiang, Ruiyin He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-08", "title": "Application Of Biochars To Sandy And Silty Soil Failed To Increase Maize Yield Under Common Agricultural Practice", "description": "Abstract Adding biochar to tropical soils is a strategy for improving crop yield and mitigating climate change, but how various biochar types affect crop yield and the properties of temperate soils is still in dispute. Here, we evaluated how slow-pyrolysis charcoal and two biochars derived from energy production (gasification coke and flash-pyrolysis char) affected the growth of Zea mays L. and the related properties of sandy and silty soils within a 3-year mesocosm experiment. Fertilization was performed to optimize plant growth as would be done under common agricultural practice. Analyses included the monitoring of yield, plant and soil nutrients, aggregate stability, cation exchange and water holding capacity, and black carbon content. The results showed that the added biochars did not affect crop yield at an application rate of 15\u00a0g\u00a0biochar\u00a0kg \u22121 of soil. Increasing the application rate of slow-pyrolysis charcoal to 100\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 resulted in decreased plant biomass in the second and third year of the experiment, likely as a result of nutrient imbalances and N-immobilization. We did not detect any degradation of the added black carbon; however, beneficial effects on plants were limited by the small and transient effect of these biochars on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Overall, our results indicate that the added carbon from biochars is stored in soil, but all treatments tested failed to improve plant yield for the studied temperate soils under the given application rates and common agricultural practice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nils Borchard, Nils Borchard, Jan Siemens, Wulf Amelung, Wulf Amelung, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Andreas M\u00f6ller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-02", "title": "Transition From Intensive Tillage To No-Till Enhances Carbon Sequestration In Microaggregates Of Surface Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Physical protection by soil aggregates is critical for building soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. The objective of this study was to identify SOC sequestrated in the microaggregate holding within macroaggregte (mM) fraction after shifting tillage systems in the North China Plain. Soil samples from 0-5 cm layer of a 6-yr field experiment (MP - R, moldboard plow without residue; MP + R, moldboard plow with residue; RT, rotary tillage with residue; NT, no-till with residue) were collected and separated into different water-stable aggregates. The macroaggregate (250-2000 mu m) was further isolated into intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) fractions by density flotation, dispersion and sieving. The results showed that the SOC concentration of fine iPOM (250f, 53-250 mu m) was increased by 23% in RT and 39% in NT compared with MP + R, whereas the difference in the coarse iPOM (250c, >250 mu m) was not observed. The ratio of 250f-250c (i.e., 250f/250c) followed the order of NT (2.12) approximate to RT (1.94) > MP + R (1.50) approximate to MP - R (1.47), indicating the alternative tillage systems decreased the turnover rates of macroaggregates. Adoption of NT and RT improved the mM formation by 36% and 23% and mM associated C concentration by 38% and 31% as relative to MP + R system. Additionally, the soil C concentration and storage of the iPOM and silt plus clay fractions located within the microaggregate were higher under NT and RT than that of MP + Rand MP - R systems. Thus applying NT and RT improved mM formation and soil C sequestered inside this fraction. We concluded that adoption of NT and RT enhanced SOC sequestration in the microaggregates of surface soil of the intensive agroecosystem of North China. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Organic Mulching, Irrigation And Fertilization Affect Soil Co2 Emission And C Storage In Tomato Crop In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract Carbon stock and CO 2 emissions in agricultural systems are highly affected by the management of applied practices in arable farms, such as fertilizer use, irrigation, soil tillage, cover crop management, etc. This study evaluated the effects of various organic mulches, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation levels on soil CO 2 emissions, soil carbon sequestration and processing tomato production in the Mediterranean environment. The field experiment was carried out with five main treatments, three cover crops of hairy vetch (HV), lacy phacelia (LF) and white mustard (WM) transplanted in autumn and cut in May to be used as mulches, plus barley straw mulch (BS) and conventional (C) (bare soil). After tomato transplanting, the main plots were split into two nitrogen fertilization treatments (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and the sub-plots were then split again into three irrigation levels (irrigation water 100%, 75%, 50% of evapotranspiration). In all treatments, a general effect was observed in the temporal fluctuations of soil CO 2 emissions throughout the observation period which were significantly influenced by soil temperature and water content. The temporal fluctuations of the soil CO 2 emissions were attributed to climatic conditions and the peaks achieved optimal conditions of soil temperature and water content for soil respiration. A larger amount of TOC was observed in the mulching treatments than in the control after tomato harvesting (on average 1.44% vs 1.33%, respectively and on average 1.43% in HV trastment), probably due to the residual biomass of the cover crops and a greater growth of the tomato. Although the soil carbon output as cumulated CO 2 emissions did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments, the soil carbon balance enabled us to estimate the highest net carbon contribution to the soil in HV determined by inputs and input/output ratio. However, except for the BS in 2013, the input/output ratios were >1 in all mulch treatments. In the Mediterranean environment, agronomical practices, such as the use of hairy vetch mulch on notilled soil, a slight reduction of irrigation water (\u221225%) and a rationalized use of N fertilizer potentially could shift the C balance in favor of soil C accumulation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "CO2 emission Fertilization Irrigation Organic mulching Soil carbon Tomato production", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-26", "title": "Soil Quality, Microbial Functions And Tomato Yield Under Cover Crop Mulching In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract An experiment concerning the biological and chemical responses of soil to cover crop mulching was carried out in two adjacent experimental fields (2012 and 2013) under different climatic conditions in the Mediterranean environment (Central Italy). The Monthly Aridity Index was calculated in order to verify the relationship between soil properties and climatic factors under three different cover crop mulches: Vicia villosa Roth (HV), Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (LP), and Sinapis alba L. (WM). A conventional management was also included in the experimental fields as control (C). Soil samples were collected at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth after the transplanting and the harvesting of tomato (May and August, respectively), in order to assess the initial and residual effects of mulching on soil quality. In the two experimental years, the amount of precipitation from May to August was 110\u00a0mm in 2012 and 172\u00a0mm in 2013. The average values of AI were 18 and 49 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. LP mulching was sensitive to low precipitation levels in terms of aboveground decomposition rate (the variation of dry matter from May to August 2012 was \u221253% in LP, 64% in HV and 69% in WM) and a lower tomato yield compared to the control in 2012 (4.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 in LP and 5.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122 in C). WM mulching was sensitive to low precipitation in terms of soil nutrient storage (from May to August 2012 the variation of soil C was 19% in WM., 6% in C, \u22125 % in LP and 10% in HV; the variation of soil N was 44% in WM, 2% in C, \u22122% in LP and 13% in HV). Soil microbial activity and functional diversity were strongly affected by the climatic conditions in all mulching treatments. In particular, precipitation influenced soil C availability, which enhanced microbial functional diversity. In short, the effects of lacy phacelia, white mustard and hairy vetch mulching on soil quality, microbial functions and tomato yield were influenced by summer precipitation and temperature in the Mediterranean environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Soil-Water Relationships In The Upper Soil Layer In A Mediterranean Palexerult As Affected By No-Tillage Under Excess Water Conditions - Influence On Crop Yield", "description": "Abstract In Mediterranean regions, the performance of conservation tillage under water-deficit conditions has been widely reported, but conversely there exists a lack of studies investigating its effects during periods of water excess, which are common in these regions between fall and spring. Our experiment was established in 2005 on a degraded Palexerult from a rana, a continental detritic formation, of western Spain to study the influence of soil tillage and Ca amendments on soil quality. During high precipitation periods, perched water tables can be formed in very flat rana surfaces with the upper limit close to soil surface due to the presence of Bt horizons with low permeability. In the 2010\u20132011 and 2012\u20132013 campaigns, when perched water tables developed very close to the soil surface between November and March, we studied the effects of no tillage (NT) vs. tillage (T) on selected soil hydraulic properties in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer and on crop yield. We observed the lowest bulk density and the highest soil organic matter content (SOM) for this soil layer under NT. As a result of the higher SOM content and higher total porosity as well as the potential to preserve soil biopores under NT, water content at saturation (SAT), plant-available water capacity (AWC), water infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity were also higher in the NT plots compared with those under T. During wet periods, the degree of water saturation (Sr) under T was higher, and sometimes close to saturation. Crop development and yield were strongly affected by near-saturation conditions in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm surface layer, resulting in substantial yield losses under T.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-06", "title": "Best Management Practices In Northern Agriculture: A Twelve-Year Rotation And Soil Tillage Study In Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean", "description": "In the northern agroecosystem of Saguenay\u2013Lac-Saint-Jean, cash crops such as barley, canola, and field pea are gaining popularity over traditional perennial crops like alfalfa. However, very little information is available on the relatively long-term effect of different crop rotations and soil tillage practices on crop yields and soil quality parameters. This study was conducted at the Normandin Research Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Five rotation types [1: Canola\u2013Barley\u2013Barley\u2013Pea (C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P); 2: Canola\u2013Pea\u2013Barley\u2013Barley (C\u2013P\u2013B\u2013B); 3: Canola\u2013Barley\u2013Pea\u2013Barley (C\u2013B\u2013P\u2013B); 4: Pea monoculture; and 5: Barley monoculture] and two soil tillage practices [1: Chisel plough (CP) and 2: Moldboard plough (MP)] were evaluated. Canola monoculture of was not included. The study began in 1999 on a former alfalfa field and ended in 2010 after three four-year rotation cycles. Barley monoculture decreased yields by 600 kg ha\u22121 in the last five years, whereas field pea monoculture decreased yields by about 1000 kg ha\u22121 in most years. Barley monoculture did not significantly reduce grain yields compared to C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P and C\u2013P\u2013B\u2013B, highlighting the importance of alternate crops every year. Soil tillage (CP versus MP) did not significantly affect yields for all crops in most years; and when it did have an effect, it showed inconsistencies by either increasing or decreasing grain yields. Soil tillage also had insignificant impact regardless of the rotation type involved. Rotation type and soil tillage had insignificant effect on soil organic matter content, whereas CP increased nitrate and phosphorus content in the 0\u201320 cm soil layer. Rotation type had insignificant impact on soil physical properties, whereas CP improved soil water conductivity by 0.03 cm h\u22121 for C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P and barley monoculture. Compared to MP, CP improved soil macro-aggregate (2\u20136 mm) stability to water as well as aggregate mean weight diameter by about 15% for most of the rotations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agronomie", "agriculture durable", "barley", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "orge", "canola", "chisel", "chisel plough", "sustainable agriculture", "charrue \u00e0 socs et versoirs", "travail r\u00e9duit du sol", "Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean", "pois", "moldboard", "field pea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "qualit\u00e9 du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://constellation.uqac.ca/id/eprint/2873/1/Pare_Lafond_Pageau_2015_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Evaluation Of Seasonal Variability Of Soil Biogeochemical Properties In Aggregate-Size Fractioned Soil Under Different Tillages", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["CP MAS NMR", "2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "Conservation agriculture", "Total organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "Labile carbon pools", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Corn Residue, Tillage, And Nitrogen Rate Effects On Soil Properties", "description": "A B S T R A C T Harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) residue for use as a biofuel feedstock may alter important chemical and physical properties of soils. Long-term residue removal, linked with tillage and fertilizer practices, could lower soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as increase soil compaction and susceptibility to erosion. A study initiated in 2006 included three levels of residue removal (none, partial, or full removal), two tillage treatments (no-till or chisel plow), and two N application rates (134 and 268 kg N/ha). These experiments were established in continuous corn (CC) at four Illinois sites, with treatments remaining in the same plots each year. In the spring at the beginning of the eighth growing season, we measured total carbon stocks (SOC), water aggregate stability (WAS), soil bulk density (BD), and penetration resistance (PR). Results showed that with all crop residue retained in the field, SOC stocks 13% lower under chisel tillage than in no-tilled plots, but removal of some or all of the residue lowered the SOC levels of no-tilled plots to those of tilled plots. On average for the studied depths, no-till plots had 5% and 39% higher BD and PR, respectively, than tilled plots, and residue removal significantly increased PR under no-till. Regardless of tillage treatment, the highest WAS values were found without residue removal at the lower N rate and with partial removal at the higher N rate. The higher N rate slightly lowered the BD under partial removal of residue for both tillage treatments at both studied depths. Our results indicate that residue harvest generates modest changes in soil properties under continuous corn, likely smaller than the effects of tillage and N fertilizer use in these systems. But as long as residue amount and tillage practices are sufficient to limit losses of soil by erosion to acceptable levels, we believe that corn residue represents a viable feedstock for a sustainable bioenergy industry in the U.S. Midwest.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4550&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4550&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4500", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4600", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 14850, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:50:40.839149Z"}