{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-12-22", "title": "Fluxes Of Nitrous Oxide And Methane, And Nitrogen Leaching From Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Sandy Soil In Western Finland", "description": "Abstract   Organic farming is considered to be environmentally beneficial partly due to the ban on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, but there are few studies including direct measurements on the environmental impact of organic farming compared with the conventional system. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen leaching were compared in three different farming systems in western Finland. Two of them consisted of grass production and livestock raising, and were managed either organically (OF) or conventionally (CF). The third farming system was conventionally managed cereal production without livestock (CEF). Greenhouse gas (CH 4  and N 2 O) fluxes, nitrogen leaching and soil mineral nitrogen concentrations were measured for 1 year from three replicate plots of each farming system. The annual flux of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) was 1.4\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in OF, 1.2\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in CF, and 3.5\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  in CEF. Annual methane (CH 4 ) oxidation ranged between \u22120.72 and \u22120.44\u00a0kg\u00a0CH 4 \u00a0ha \u22121  in the three treatments. In the case of OF and CF nitrogen losses to water were larger than gaseous losses as N 2 O but in CEF they were equal. Of the N added as mineral fertiliser and cattle slurry to the CF fields, 1.6% was lost by leaching, while 0.7% was lost to the atmosphere as N 2 O. In CEF, the respective percentages were 3.0% for N leaching and 3.2% for N lost to the air. The environmental advantages of organic compared with conventional farming systems were not confirmed in this study.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "typen huuhtoutuminen"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Regina, Kristiina, Turtola, Eila, Lemola, Riitta, Esala, Martti,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-14", "title": "Biochar Addition To Agricultural Soil Increased Ch4 Uptake And Water Holding Capacity - Results From A Short-Term Pilot Field Study", "description": "Abstract   Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4  after adding 9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland in May 2009. We conducted these measurements twice a week for 1.5 months, between sowing and canopy closure, to capture the period of highest N 2 O emissions, where the potential for mitigation would also be highest. Biochar addition increased CH 4  uptake (96% increase in the average cumulative CH 4  uptake), but no statistically significant differences were observed in the CO 2  and N 2 O emissions between the biochar amended and control plots. Added biochar increased soil water holding capacity by 11%. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this may help balance fluctuations in water availability to plants in the future climate with more frequent drought periods.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "biohiili", "climatic change", "ilmastonmuutoksen hillint\u00e4", "330", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ilmastonmuutokset", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "musta hiili"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-07", "title": "Fluxes Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 In A Meadow Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Ozone And Carbon Dioxide For Three Years", "description": "Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "Climate", "elevated carbon dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "elevated ozone", "Poaceae", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "niityt", "open-top chambers", "kohotettu otsonipitoisuus", "typen oksidit", "Magnoliopsida", "Oxidants", " Photochemical", "Ozone", "greenhouse gases", "Soil Pollutants", "otsoni", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Fabaceae", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "004", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "avoin kammio", "Environmental Pollutants", "Ka", "Seasons", "kohotettu hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Methane", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-04", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Of Coniferous Forest Floors As Affected By Wood Ash Addition", "description": "Abstract   Wood ash has been used to alleviate nutrient deficiencies of peat forests and to combat acidification of forest soils. Ash may change the activities of soil microbes, including those producing or consuming greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied the effects of wood ash (loose wood ash originating from pulp mill or power plants) on the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 in forests with mineral or peat soils in northern Finland. The ash doses were from 3 to 8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121. Gas fluxes were measured with a closed chamber method from five recently fertilized experiments for 1 year after application of ash and from five long-term trials 14\u201350 years after application. Wood ash did not affect N2O gas fluxes. In the long-term experiments, wood ash increased the soil CO2 production and the CH4 uptake and lowered the CH4 emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "tuhkalannoitus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "typpidioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "turvemaa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maljanen, M., Nyk\u00e4nen, H., Moilanen, M., Martikainen, P.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-24", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes In Varying Soils Types Under Conventional And No-Tillage Practices", "description": "Abstract   Consideration of the environmental effects of the no-tillage practice should be made on the basis of its effects on both carbon and nitrogen cycles. There is a lack of data on the effects of the no-till management in the cool and humid climate and typical soil types of Northern Europe. We measured the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on conventionally ploughed agricultural soils and on respective soils that had been under no-till practice for 5\u20137 years. Ten chamber measurement investigations were carried out during a 10-month period on six pairs of tilled and no-till fields on clayey (Vertic Cambisols, three pairs), coarse (Eutric Regosols, two pairs), and organic (Dystric Histosols, one pair) soils located between latitudes 60\u00b0 and 62\u00b0 N. The results suggest that there is a risk of increased N2O emissions in the first years of no-till practice under small grain spring cereal cultivation in Northern European boreal climate. Carbon dioxide emissions measured as total ecosystem respiration were either unchanged, increased or decreased under no-till. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible and not affected by no-till practice. Dry bulk density and soil moisture were higher in no-till soils compared to annually mouldboard ploughed soils. Variation in the greenhouse gas fluxes was best explained by the content of carbon and nitrogen in the topsoil of 0\u201320\u00a0cm.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "hiilidioksidi", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "610", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "ploughing", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "kasvihuonekaasut", "kynt\u00f6", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-17", "title": "Fluxes And Production Of N2o, Co2 And Ch4 In Boreal Agricultural Soil During Winter As Affected By Snow Cover", "description": "Agricultural soils are important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) and a considerable part of annual N2O release occurs during the cold season in the boreal region. According to recent studies N2O can be produced in soils at low temperatures, below 0 \u00b0C. We studied if removal of the snowcover lowers soil temperatures and whether this would affect flux rates of N2O, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from an agricultural soil in eastern Finland. Gas flux rates and concentrations in soil were measured from study plots with undisturbed snow cover and from plots with snow removed. This experiment simulates changes in the soil thermal conditions with less snowfall. Plots without snow had even 15 \u00b0C lower temperature at the depth of 5 cm and they had higher N2O emissions during soil freezing and thawing. However, there were only minor changes in CH4 or CO2 flux rates after removal of snow over the cold season. N2O and CO2 accumulated in the soil during winter and were then released rapidly during thawing in spring. CH4 concentrations in the soil remained lower than the atmospheric levels during winter and subsequently increased to the ambient levels after thawing. Future climate scenarios suggest possible decline in snowfall in northern Europe resulting in lower soil temperatures. This could lead to higher N2O emissions from boreal agricultural soils.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "2. Zero hunger", "ilokaasu", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "0207 environmental engineering", "carbon dioxide", "snow cover", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "maatalousmaa", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "630", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "lumipeite", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tellus%20B", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00304.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/app14051917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-26", "title": "Effects of Anaerobic Digestates and Biochar Amendments on Soil Health, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Microbial Communities: A Mesocosm Study", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study addresses the need for a comprehensive understanding of digestate and biochar in mitigating climate change and improving soil health, crucial for sustainable agriculture within the circular bioeconomy framework. Through a mesocosm experiment, soil was amended with digestates from pilot-scale reactors and two concentrations of biochar produced by pyrolysis of digested sewage sludge and waste wood. The Germination Index (GI) assay assessed phytotoxicity on Lactuca sativa and Triticum aestivum seeds. Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) measurements, soil characteristics analyses, and the study of microbial community structure enriched the study\u2019s depth. The GI assay revealed diverse responses among by-products, dilution rates, and plant types, highlighting the potential phyto-stimulatory effects of digestate and biochar water-extracts. While digestate proved to be effective as fertilizer, concerns arose regarding microbial contamination. Biochar application reduced Clostridiaceae presence in soil but unexpectedly increased N2O emissions at higher concentrations, emphasizing the need for further research on biochar\u2019s role in mitigating microbial impacts. CO2 emissions increased with digestate application but decreased with a 10% biochar concentration, aligning with control levels. CH4 uptake decreased with digestate and high biochar concentrations. The study underscores the importance of tailored approaches considering biochar composition and dosage to optimize soil greenhouse gas fluxes and microbial communities.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "m\u00e4d\u00e4te", "QH301-705.5", "QC1-999", "Clostridiaceae", "ravinteet", "01 natural sciences", "630", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "greenhouse gas emission", "biochar", "Biology (General)", "microorganisms", "QD1-999", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "biohiili", "soil nutrient", "T", "Physics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Clostridiae", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "digestate", "mikro-organismit", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TA1-2040"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/5/1917/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/app14051917", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/app14051917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/app14051917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=kasvihuonekaasut&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=kasvihuonekaasut&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=kasvihuonekaasut&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=kasvihuonekaasut&offset=7", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 7, "numberReturned": 7, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T03:00:28.604849Z"}