{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Soil Nitrate Accumulation, Leaching And Crop Nitrogen Use As Influenced By Fertilization And Irrigation In An Intensive Wheat\u2013Maize Double Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "There is a growing concern about excessive nitrogen (N) and water use in agricultural systems in North China due to the reduced resource use efficiency and increased groundwater pollution. A two-year experiment with two soil moisture by four N treatments was conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates and soil moisture on soil N dynamics, crop yield, N uptake and use efficiency in an intensive wheat\u2013maize double cropping system (wheat\u2013maize rotation) in the North China Plain. Under the experimental conditions, crop yield of both wheat and maize did\u2423not\u2423increase significantly at N rates above 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. Nitrogen application rates affected little on ammonium-N (NH4-N) content in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profiles. Excess nitrate-N (NO3-N), ranging from 221\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 to 620\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, accumulated in the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile at the end of second rotation in the treatments with N rates of 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In general, maize crop has higher N use efficiency than wheat crop. Higher NO3-N leaching occurred in maize season than in wheat season due to more water leakage caused by the concentrated summer rainfall. The results of this study indicate that the optimum N rate may be much lower than that used in many areas in the North China Plain given the high level of N already in the soil, and there is great potential for reducing N inputs to increase N use efficiency and to mitigate N leaching into the groundwater. Avoiding excess water leakage through controlled irrigation and matching N application to crop N demand is the key to reduce NO3-N leaching and maintain crop yield. Such management requires knowledge of crop water and N demand and soil N dynamics as they change with variable climate temporally and spatially. Simulation modeling can capture those interactions and is considered as a powerful tool to assist in\u2423the\u2423future optimization of N and irrigation managements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-19", "title": "Potential of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate transpiration in a temperate forest", "description": "Abstract By utilizing continuous measurements of water fluxes and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) over the entire growing season, we exploit the potential of broadband SIF in predicting plant transpiration (T) in a temperate forest. After reconstructing the full SIF spectrum from the selected absorption lines and simulations from the SCOPE (Soil Canopy Observation Photochemistry and Energy fluxes) model, linear regression (LR) and Gaussian processes regression (GPR) models are used to analyze the relation between T and combinations of different SIF bands. We find that SIF emissions in the near-infrared spectrum (at 720\u202fnm, 740\u202fnm and 760\u202fnm) are more sensitive to T than SIF emissions in the red spectrum (at 685\u202fnm and 687\u202fnm). While conditions such as light and heat stress decouple the relationship between single-band SIF and T, the combination of different SIF bands allows the retrieval of reliable T estimates even in these conditions. Overall, we find that the use of SIF as a proxy for T yields estimates that are at least as accurate as those from traditional transpiration models such as the Penman-Monteith equation, which are input demanding and complex to apply to in situ and satellite data. Specifically, we find that (1) the SIF-T relationship deteriorates when Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit and air temperature exceed biological optimal thresholds; (2) a high leaf area index exerts a negative impact on the SIF-T correlation due to increasing scattering and (re)absorption of the SIF signal; (3) the SIF-T relationship does not change depending on the observation time during the day; and (4) temporal aggregation to days further enhanced the SIF-T correlations. Altogether, our results provide the first ground-based evidence that SIF emission has potential to be a close predictor of plant transpiration, especially when a combination of different SIF bands is considered.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-27", "title": "Plant Performance In A Warmer World: General Responses Of Plants From Cold, Northern Biomes And The Importance Of Winter And Spring Events", "description": "During the past three decades the Earth has warmed with a rate unprecedented during the past 1000 years. There is already ample evidence that this fast climate warming has affected a broad range of organisms, including plants. Plants from high-latitude and high-altitude sites ('cold biomes') are especially sensitive to climate warming. In this paper we (1) review the response in the phenology of plants, changes in their range and distribution, soil nutrient availability, and the effects on the structure and dynamics of plant communities for cold, northern biomes; and (2) we show, by using data from an ongoing snow and temperature manipulation experiment in northern Sweden, that also winter and spring events have a profound influence on plant performance. Both long-term phenological data sets, experimental warming studies (performed in summer or year-round), natural gradient studies and satellite images show that key phenological events are responsive to temperature increases and that recent climate warming does indeed lead to changes in plant phenology. However, data from a warming and snow manipulation study that we are conducting in northern Sweden show that plants respond differently to the various climatic scenarios that we had imposed on these species and that especially winter and spring events have a profound impact. This indicates that it is necessary to include several scenarios of both summer and winter climate change in experimental climate change studies, and that we need detailed projections of future climate at a regional scale to be able to assess their impacts on natural ecosystems. There is also ample evidence that the range shift of herbs and shrubs to more northern regions is for the vast majority of species mainly caused by changes in the climate. This is in line with the observed 'up-greening' of northern tundra sites. These rapid northern shifts in distribution of plants as a result of climate warming may have substantial consequences for the structure and dynamics of high-latitude ecosystems. An analysis of warming studies at 9 tundra sites shows that heating during at least 3 years increased net N-mineralization from 0.32\u00b10.31 (SE) g N m", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-20", "title": "Repeated Fuel Reduction Burns Have Little Long-Term Impact On Soil Greenhouse Gas Exchange In A Dry Sclerophyll Eucalypt Forest", "description": "Fuel reduction burning is a widespread management tool in fire-tolerant forest systems to mitigate wildfire risk, but has the potential to impact soil greenhouse gas exchange processes. Soil disturbance often alters soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) flux; however, the influence of repeated fuel reduction burning upon these flux processes long-term is still not well understood. In this study we measure soil CH4 flux, soil methanotrophic activity and soil CO2 flux in all seasons from March 2009 to February 2011 in three different fire frequency treatments applied to a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest (Victoria, Australia) for the last 27 years. The low-intensity fire treatments are forest burnt in autumn (i) every 3 years, (ii) every 10 years, and (iii) not burned (since before 1985). Mean soil CO2 emissions were greater in the burnt as compared to un-burnt treatments. In contrast, soil CH4 oxidation did not show a response to repeated burning and there was no statistical difference in soil CH4 flux among treatments. Furthermore, we did not detect changes in the relationships of soil CH4 flux or soil CO2 flux and key environmental controls. Our results indicate that low intensity fuel reduction burns have no cumulative negative impact on biogeochemical processes related to soil respiration or soil CH4 oxidation.", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fest, BJ, Livesley, SJ, von Fischer, JC, Arndt, SK,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7948400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:00Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Farm management information systems as tools for revealing management zones inside the fields", "description": "INTRODUCTION and OBJECTIVES: There is a huge need to increase the productivity in agriculture to feed the world\u2019s growing population. However, this increase needs to be achieved in a sustainable way, without jeopardising the ecosystem and environment. Innovations in AgTech are accelerating this process and providing adequate solutions for optimisation of on-field decision-making, but they are often isolated and inaccessible to the farmers. The objective of our work was to design a comprehensive farm management system that takes scientific achievements and enables farmers to use them in their daily operations. MATERIAL and METHOD: In order to digitally transform the Serbian agriculture, we designed AgroSense farm management information system. It was launched in 2017 and has since gathered more than 20,000 users, whose total area equals one fourth of all farmland in Serbia. The platform has a number of modules for weather forecast, historical weather records, digital field books, satellite image processing etc., while the newest addition is the drone image processing module. This module allows 3rd party drone services to scan the fields and upload the data to the platform, after which, the images are processed and analysed. The analysis is directed towards zone management delineation, which is the first step in application of precision agriculture technologies. Zones are detected within the field as areas with homogeneous soil and elevation properties. This is done by applying k-means, an unsupervised machine learning model for clusterisation of data, i.e. pixels in this case. This algorithm minimises the intra-class variance (variance of pixels within the zone) and maximises the inter-class variance (variance between pixels from different classes. This zone delineation can be done on a pixel-level if the objective of zone delineation is e.g. choosing the right locations for soil sampling, or on the level of the tractor swath if the goal is e.g. the variable-rate application of fertiliser. The number of zones and the swath width are variable parameters, left to the user to choose, according to the size of the field, type of the equipment and other factors. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: The resulting platform was deployed in 2021 and tested on a number of users. It yielded excellent results and served for optimising the route and sampling location of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), characterisation of fields and variable application of fertiliser. Future work includes development of other algorithms for more complex image recognition tasks, such as row detection, leaf area assessment and disease/weed mapping.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "drones; precision agriculture; image processing; machine learning"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marko, Oskar, Brdar, Sanja, Pani\u0107, Marko, Mini\u0107, Vladan, Pejak, Branislav, Crnojevi\u0107, Vladimir,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7948400"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7948400", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7948400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7948400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "title": "Quantifying The Impact Of Drought On Soil-Plant Interactions: A Seasonal Analysis Of Biotic And Abiotic Controls Of Carbon And Nutrient Dynamics In High-Altitudinal Grasslands", "description": "Understanding the impacts of ever more severe and widespread drought events has become a central focus of recent ecological research. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to investigate fundamental mechanisms that control drought effects on climate sensitive ecosystems by regulating soil-plant interactions. Field experiments were conducted in high altitudinal grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on historical records, we simulated extreme drought events, intercepting water inputs in early (spring), mid (summer), and late (autumn) periods of the plant-growing season (PGS). We measured vegetation responses to changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, examining how the interplay of abiotic and biotic processes regulate the impacts of drought above and below ground. Decreasing water input resulted in proportional increases in summer and autumn soil temperature, but reduced soil temperature during the spring drought. As a result, soil microbial biomass and available N and P concentrations remained stable during the early-PGS drought, while enzymatic activity, decomposition of organic materials, and nutrient release increased during the mid- and late-PGS. Concerted changes in microbial and plant activity determined seasonal fluctuations in carbon assimilation, microbial activity and nutrient dynamics, with varying degrees of resistance and resilience to drought stress observed at different PGS periods. Significant interactions were observed between plant productivity and microbial activity in response to moisture variability and associated changes in soil temperature, with the largest deleterious drought effects registered during the summer, when competition for limiting resources between plants and microorganisms was strongest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-05", "title": "Designing a model to investigate cropping systems aiming to control both parasitic plants and weeds", "description": "Abstract Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a parasitic plant, which causes severe yield losses in major crops worldwide. Because of its broad host range, including numerous non-parasitic weed species, the persistence of its seeds in the soil, and the poor efficiency of available management techniques, broomrape management is complex. The objective of the present paper was to develop a broomrape-dynamics model to support the design of management strategies combining multiple techniques aiming at long-term control of broomrape. Towards this goal, we developed a simulation model with formalisms and parameters based on data from our own experiments and the literature. This model called PheraSys combines 1) a demographic submodel to predict broomrape seed bank dynamics, 2) a trophic-relationships submodel to predict the effect of parasitism on crops and weeds, and 3) a submodel of weed dynamics in agroecosystems to predict the growth of crops and weeds from cropping techniques and pedoclimate. Thanks to an individual representation of each host plant, PheraSys is able to simulate complex heterogeneous canopies. This model can be used as a tool to test management strategies including crop mixtures and relying on biological regulations by weeds.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Cropping systems", "Branched broomrape", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Biological regulation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Phelipanche ramose", "15. Life on land", "Weed", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Modelling", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Agroecology", "PheraSys"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2021.126318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-16", "title": "Short-Term Mesofauna Responses To Soil Additions Of Corn Stover Biochar And The Role Of Microbial Biomass", "description": "Biochar additions have been suggested to influence soil microbial communities that, through a cascade effect, may also impact soil fauna. In turn, any direct biochar effects on fauna can influence microbial communities through grazing, physical fragmentation of organic debris (and biochar) and modifying soil structure. If biochar creates a favorable environment for soil microorganisms, it is also plausible for fauna to be attracted to such microbially enriched habitats. However, how soil fauna respond to biochar addition to soil and what are the main factors that drive their behavior has rarely been experimentally addressed. Therefore, the behavior of two mesofauna species was assessed as a result of corn stover biochar (slow pyrolysis at 600 \u00b0C) additions to a loamy temperate soil, after preincubation for 2, 17, 31 and 61 d, and related to variations in microbial biomass and activity. Microbial biomass increased by 5-56% and activity by 6-156% with increasing biochar rates for the different preincubation times. Over the incubation time, microbial biomass did not change or increased at most 15% with the different biochar rates, while in turn microbial activity decreased steadily (around 70-80% at day 61). Enchytraeids generally did not show avoidance or preference to biochar when provided with an alternative unamended soil, while collembolans often showed avoidance responses. However, collembolan avoidance to biochar decreased or disappeared in biochar mixtures with higher microbial biomass and water extractable NH4-N content, agreeing with the plausible role of microorganisms to potentially attract soil fauna after biochar applications. Avoidance response was mainly explained by environmental preferences of the test species and not by any toxic effect of the biochar in this study. However, avoidance after the application of biochar may still need to be considered due to the potential negative impacts of individuals' migration on soil ecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biochar", "Behavior", "Avoidance", "Microbial biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Ammonium", "Soil fauna"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3086790316", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:45Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Vertical interval dynamics of greenhouse gases in groundwater (Hesbaye chalk aquifer, Belgium)", "description": "

<p>Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere threatens the existence of many ecosystems and their inhabitants. Agricultural activities contribute up to 70 % of total anthropogenic emission of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), one of the GHGs, which is characterized with the highest global warming potential and contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. Our study presents the results obtained from the recent field and lab activities carried out in order to obtain better insight into the factors that define the presence of N<sub>2</sub>O in groundwater. Previous large scale investigations, performed in the Hesbaye chalk aquifer in Eastern Belgium, suggested that the concentration of N<sub>2</sub>O in the aquifer depends on different, possibly overlapping biochemical processes such as nitrification, denitrification and/or nitrifier-denitrification. This study explored the occurrence of biochemical stratification in the same aquifer and its impact on N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption mechanisms. For this purpose low flow sampling technique was applied at different depth intervals to obtain better insight into the extent of oxic and anoxic zones and variability of concentrations of GHGs along the vertical profile. Collected groundwater samples were analyzed for the range of hydrochemical parameters as well as NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, N<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>O and B isotopes signatures and N<sub>2</sub>O isotopomers. Afterwards, rates of nitrification and denitrification processes were estimated based on short-term incubations of collected groundwater amended with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> compounds labeled with heavy <sup>15</sup>N isotope. In addition, in order to characterize the dynamics of ongoing biogeochemical processes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for detection of the activity-specific enzymes in the aquifer were performed. Such studies help to clarify which conditions are more prone to the accumulation of high concentrations of GHGs in aquifers and better constrain models which estimate local and regional GHGs budgets.</p><p>Acknowledgments</p><p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation  programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675120.</p>

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3086790316"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3086790316", "name": "item", "description": "3086790316", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3086790316"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-02", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On Soil Microbial Community In A Wheat Crop", "description": "Biochar is known to enhance soil fertility and C sequestration, but relatively little information is currently available about its effect on soil microbial community, a component of terrestrial ecosystems that plays a key role in nutrient cycling. This study tested the effects of soil amendment with two loads of wood-derived biochar (30 and 60 t ha(-1)) in a wheat crop in Tuscany (Italy). Soil samples were collected 3 and 14 months after treatments over two successive growing seasons, and analysed for pH, total organic C (C-org), extractable C (C-ext), microbial biomass-C (C-mic), 25 specific microbial activities, mean substrate-induced respiration (mSIR) for 25 substrates, functional microbial diversity and bacterial genetic diversity. No significant effect of biochar treatment was observed on C-org, C-ext, C-mic, microbial quotient (C-mic % C-org) or genetic diversity. An increase in mSIR, some specific microbial activities and soil pH, and a significant change in functional diversity were observed 3 months after treatment. In contrast, no effect of biochar was detected 14 months after treatment for the parameters considered, except for a small but significant increase in pH. Our data suggest that biochar addition stimulated soil microbial activity without causing any apparent disturbance, but this positive effect was very short-lived. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Wood-derived biochar", "Soil bacterial diversity; Soil management; Soil microbial activity; Soil microbial functional diversity; Wheat crop; Wood-derived biochar;", "Soil microbial functional diversity", "Wheat crop", "Soil microbial activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil bacterial diversity", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.10.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Manure With Different C/N Ratios On Yields, Yield Components And Matter Balances Of Organically Grown Vegetables On A Sandy Soil Of Northern Oman", "description": "Little is known about how organic matter quality affects crop production and matter fluxes in irrigated organic agriculture under subtropical conditions. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, river buffalos were fed with two diets characterised by a carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 11.0 and 27.2 and a ratio of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)/soluble carbohydrates (SC; i.e. sugars and starch) of 2.1 and 16.1, respectively. The diets yielded two manure types with a C/N ratio of 19 and a fibre/soluble carbohydrate (NDF/SC) ratio of 17 (ORG1) and 25 and 108 (ORG2), respectively. These uncomposted manures were split-applied at respective rates of 16 and 12\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG1) and 22 and 16\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (ORG2) for 2\u00a0years in a factorial cropping systems experiment consisting of a cropping sequence of radish followed by either cauliflower (radish\u2013cauliflower) or carrot (radish\u2013carrot). The control treatment consisted of an equivalent combination of mineral fertilizers (MIN). Target levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were 590\u00a0kg, 251\u00a0kg and 320\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Despite consistently higher radish yields in ORG1 compared to ORG2 plots, these differences were not significant. Cauliflower yield, stem diameter and plant height (P\u2009<\u20090.001) increased with higher NPK availability from ORG2 to ORG1 and MIN, whereas carrot root length increased from ORG1 to MIN to ORG2 treatments (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Estimated N and P balances were positive across soil amendments (361\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 196\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013carrot and 299\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 184\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 for radish\u2013cauliflower), but K balances were negative (\u221259 and \u221273\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Estimated C balances were strongly negative on MIN plots for both cropping systems (\u22127.3 and \u22125.0\u00a0t C ha\u22121). The results underline the difficulty of maintaining soil organic C under irrigated subtropical conditions with year-round high ambient temperatures.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Siegfried, Konrad, Dietz, Herbert, Amthauer Gallardo, Daniel, Schlecht, Eva, Buerkert, Andreas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-013-0038-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "Abstract

Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "land use", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Geophysics", "Tropical forest", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Brazil", "isotopes", "Research Articles", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jm295dz/qt4jm295dz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ajb2.1625", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-19", "title": "Phylogeography of a gypsum endemic plant across its entire distribution range in the western Mediterranean", "description": "PREMISE

Gypsum soils in the Mediterranean Basin house large numbers of edaphic specialists that are adapted to stressful environments. The evolutionary history and standing genetic variation of these taxa have been influenced by the geological and paleoclimatic complexity of this area and the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing effect of human activities. However, little is known about the origin of Mediterranean gypsophiles and the factors affecting their genetic diversity and population structure.

METHODS

Using phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches based on microsatellites and sequence data from nuclear and chloroplast regions, we evaluated the divergence time, genetic diversity, and population structure of 27 different populations of the widespread Iberian gypsophile Lepidium subulatum throughout its entire geographic range.

RESULTS

Lepidium subulatum diverged from its nearest relatives ~3 million years ago, and ITS and psbA/matK trees supported the monophyly of the species. These results suggest that both geological and climatic changes in the region around the Plio\uffe2\uff80\uff90Pleistocene promoted its origin, compared to other evolutionary processes. We found high genetic diversity in both nuclear and chloroplast markers, but a greater population structure in the chloroplast data. These results suggest that while seed dispersal is limited, pollen flow may be favored by the presence of numerous habitat patches that enhance the movement of pollinators.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite being an edaphic endemic, L. subulatum possesses high genetic diversity probably related to its relatively old age and high population sizes across its range. Our study highlights the value of using different markers to fully understand the phylogeographic history of plant species.\u00a02000\u00a0\u00b5m). After taking into account baseline soil C differences between plots, no major differences in total SOM losses were found between QSMAS and SB management. However, earlier establishment of QSMAS plots suggests that the overall rate of C loss since treatment establishment was lower for QSMAS than for SB. Results from this study suggest that the Quesungual agroforestry system offers great potential to improve soil fertility and biological health in the region relative to traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "cultivo migratorio", "6. Clean water", "agroforestry", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "fosforo", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "soil structural units"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-21", "title": "The Effect Of Pasture Utilization Rate On Stocks Of Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Semi-Arid Tropical Grassland", "description": "The influence of grazing management on total soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) in tropical grasslands is an issue of considerable ecological and economic interest. Here we have used linear mixed models to investigate the effect of grazing management on stocks of SOC and TN in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile. The study site was a long-term pasture utilization experiment, 26 years after the experiment was established for sheep grazing on native Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) pasture in northern Australia. The pasture utilization rates were between 0% (exclosure) and 80%, assessed visually. We found that a significant amount of TN had been lost from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile as a result of grazing, with 80% pasture utilization resulting in a loss of 84 kg ha\u22121 over the 26-year period. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on TN when greater soil depths were considered. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on stocks of SOC and soil particulate organic carbon (POC), or the C:N ratio at any depth; however, visual trends in the data suggested some agreement with the literature, whereby increased grazing pressure appeared to: (i) decrease SOC and POC stocks; and, (ii) increase the C:N ratio. Overall, the statistical power of the study was limited, and future research would benefit from a more comprehensive sampling scheme. Previous studies at the site have found that a pasture utilization rate of 30% is sustainable for grazing production on Mitchell grass; however, given our results, we conclude that N inputs (possibly through management of native N2-fixing pasture legumes) should be made for long-term maintenance of soil health, and pasture productivity, within this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Pasture utilization", "Tropical grassland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Grazing management", "1103 Animal Science and Zoology", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-01", "title": "Effects Of Warming On Shrub Abundance And Chemistry Drive Ecosystem-Level Changes In A Forest-Tundra Ecotone", "description": "Tundra vegetation is responding rapidly to on-going climate warming. The changes in plant abundance and chemistry might have cascading effects on tundra food webs, but an integrated understanding of how the responses vary between habitats and across environmental gradients is lacking. We assessed responses in plant abundance and plant chemistry to warmer climate, both at species and community levels, in two different habitats. We used a long-term and multisite warming (OTC) experiment in the Scandinavian forest-tundra ecotone to investigate (i) changes in plant community composition and (ii) responses in foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon-based secondary compound concentrations in two dominant evergreen dwarf-shrubs (Empetrum hermaphroditum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and two deciduous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtillus and Betula nana). We found that initial plant community composition, and the functional traits of these plants, will determine the responsiveness of the community composition, and thus community traits, to experimental warming. Although changes in plant chemistry within species were minor, alterations in plant community composition drive changes in community-level nutrient concentrations. In view of projected climate change, our results suggest that plant abundance will increase in the future, but nutrient concentrations in the tundra field layer vegetation will decrease. These effects are large enough to have knock-on consequences for major ecosystem processes like herbivory and nutrient cycling. The reduced food quality could lead to weaker trophic cascades and weaker top down control of plant community biomass and composition in the future. However, the opposite effects in forest indicate that these changes might be obscured by advancing treeline forests. \u00a9 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "P.", "Global warming", "500", "CBSC", "P", "N", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Treeline", "secondary plant metabolite", "Shrub", "Grazing", "Secondary plant metabolite", "shrub", "13. Climate action", "reindeer", "grazing", "Reindeer"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28101/1/Kaarlej%c3%a4rvi2012_Article_EffectsOfWarmingOnShrubAbundan.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/13492/1/13492.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-012-9580-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-31", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Effects On Soil Organic Carbon In Mediterranean Semiarid Agroecosystems: Testing The Century Model", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Dryland agroecosystems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Semiarid Spain", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Simulation modeling", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39025010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-17", "title": "A systematic benchmarking framework for future assessments of soil health: An example from Denmark", "description": "Based on current evidence and established critical thresholds for soil degradation indicators, it is concerning that over 60-70% of European soils are unhealthy due to unsustainable management and the impact of climate change. Despite European and national efforts to improve soil health, significant gaps remain. The proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Law, to be implemented by the European Union, seeks to establish a framework for soil monitoring and promote sustainable management practices to achieve healthy soils by 2050. This requires extensive data collection and soil monitoring systems to accurately estimate soil health across Europe, considering the diversity of soil types, climates, and land uses. To establish a framework for soil monitoring, we must understand the site-specific status of soil and the ranges of soil health indicators across specific pedoclimatic regions. In our study, we evaluated the soil status in agricultural areas in Denmark using soil health indicators and a site-specific benchmarking approach. We compiled nationally representative datasets, combining point and model-informed data of soil parameters such as organic carbon content, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, clay-to-soil organiccarbon ratio, water erosion, and nitrogen leaching. By categorizing Danish agricultural soils into monitoring units based on textural classes, landscape elements, and wetland types, we calculated benchmarks for these indicators, considering different cropping systems. Our approach provided detailed point-based results and a spatially explicit overview of the status of soil health indicators in Denmark. We identified areas where soil deviates from the benchmarks of different indicators. Such deviations might indicate soil functions operating outside the normal range, posing potential threats to soil health. This proposed framework could support the establishment of a baseline for assessing the directionality of future changes in soil health. Moreover, it is adaptable for implementation by other countries to support assessments of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "European soil monitoring and resilience law", "Soil monitoring units", "Denmark", "Climate Change", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil districts", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Soil health indicators", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/39025010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39025010", "name": "item", "description": "39025010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39025010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-03", "title": "Seasonal Dynamics Of Co2 Balance And Water Consumption Of C-3 And C-4-Type Cover Crops Compared To Bare Soil In A Suitability Study For Their Use In Vineyards In Germany And Argentina", "description": "Abstract Cover crops are used in vineyards to maintain soil structure, minimise soil erosion and optimise vineyard mechanisation, yet few data are available on water consumption and carbon dioxide assimilation (CO 2 ). Whereas cover crop use is common in the grape growing regions of Germany it is uncommon in Argentina. To obtain some information on the suitability of a selected number of species in terms of carbon gain and water expenditure under the climatic conditions of Germany and Argentina, we first quantified evapotranspiration (EvT), CO 2 assimilation and water use efficiency of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) (TR), Festuca arundinacea Schreb (tall fescue) (FE), Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf (Sudan grass) (SO), and Digitaria californica (Benth) Henr. (Arizona cotton top) (DI) in a field trial in Geisenheim, Germany. We then compared the performance of TR, FE and DI together with Sorghum halepense L. (Johnson grass) (SH) in a pot experiment under the warmer climatic conditions of Mendoza, Argentina, where water supply could be controlled. In all cases bare soil served as a reference for soil water loss. Gas-exchange of plants and soil were measured with customised open system canopy chambers and an infrared gas analyser and water dynamics in the soil with soil moisture probes (field) or gravimetrically (pots). SO and TR were the two species that reached the highest degree of soil coverage in Germany and substantially reduced soil moisture in the first 0.40\u00a0m of depth. TR showed high EvT and CO 2 assimilation rates in both climates when water supply was sufficient and maintained relative high rates when water status was reduced under cool conditions in Germany, yet performed poorly when high temperatures occurred concomitant to low water supply in Argentina. DI, being a C 4 species from arid regions, had difficulties to get established in the cool conditions of Germany and there was no clear tendency for more efficient water use than the other cover crops. However under the warm condition of Argentina, especially when water supply was reduced, DI displayed higher WUE which was entirely related to the maintenance of higher assimilation rates at substantially reduced EvT. FE being common in German vineyards had low assimilation rates combined with high evapotranspiration rates under Argentinian conditions and was very sensitive to water deficit in combination with high temperature.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-015-0169-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-09", "title": "Elevated Co2 Increased Phosphorous Loss From Decomposing Litter And Soil Organic Matter At Two Face Experiments With Trees", "description": "Sustained increased productivity of trees growing in elevated CO2 depends in part on their stoichiometric flexibility, i.e., increasing their nutrient use efficiency, or on increased nutrient uptake from the soil. Phosphorus (P) may be a nutrient as limiting as nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystems and may play a key-process in global terrestrial C storage. For this study archived litter and soil samples of two free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments were analyzed for C, N and P. Populus euramericana, nigra and alba and Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Fagus sylvatica were grown in ambient and elevated CO2 at respectively the Euro- and BangorFACE experiments. At EuroFACE, aboveground litter accumulated in L, F and H layers, while at BangorFACE almost all aboveground litter was incorporated into the mineral soil due to bioturbation. At EuroFACE, more P was lost from the F and H litter layers due to trees growing in elevated CO2, while at BangorFACE more P was lost from the mineral soil. Results of this study imply that trees growing in elevated CO2 were P limited at both experiments. Therefore, with increasing atmospheric CO2, P may play a more pronounced role than previous thought in regulating secondary forest growth. Moreover, increased atmospheric CO2 and ample N may allow a larger pool of P to become available for uptake due to, for instance, increased phosphatase activity resulting in increased organic matter turnover and biogenic weathering. Therefore, it may be postulated that under non-N-limited conditions, e.g., during regrowth, under high N deposition or in systems with high N2-fixation, increased P availability and uptake may allow P-limited forests to sustain increased growth under increasing atmospheric CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "4. Education", "Litter and soil stoichiometry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil phosphorous", "01 natural sciences", "Secondary forest growth", "13. Climate action", "Elevated CO", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE experiment", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hoosbeek, Marcel R.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0169-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-015-0169-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-015-0169-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-015-0169-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-12", "title": "Effect Of Nutrient Management Planning On Crop Yield, Nitrate Leaching And Sediment Loading In Thomas Brook Watershed", "description": "Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving the program effectiveness for environmental quality protection, and promoting more widespread adoption. Understanding the effect of NMP on both crop yield and key water-quality parameters in agricultural watersheds requires a comprehensive evaluation that takes into consideration important NMP attributes and location-specific farming conditions. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the effects of crop and rotation sequence, tillage type, and nutrient N application rate on crop yield and the associated groundwater [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loss. The SWAT model was applied to the Thomas Brook Watershed, located in the most intensively managed agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Cropping systems evaluated included seven fertilizer application rates and two tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage and no-till). The analysis reflected cropping systems commonly managed by farmers in the Annapolis Valley region, including grain corn-based and potato-based cropping systems, and a vegetable-horticulture system. ANOVA models were developed and used to assess the effects of crop management choices on crop yield and two water-quality parameters (i.e., [Formula: see text] leaching and sediment loading). Results suggest that existing recommended N-fertilizer rate can be reduced by 10-25\u00a0%, for grain crop production, to significantly lower [Formula: see text] leaching (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) while optimizing the crop yield. The analysis identified the nutrient N rates in combination with specific crops and rotation systems that can be used to manage [Formula: see text] leaching while balancing impacts on crop yields within the watershed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrates", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Policy", "Nova Scotia", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-013-0148-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-06", "title": "Effects Of The Different Rates Of Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors On Gaseous Emissions Of Ammonia And Nitrous Oxide, Nitrate Leaching And Pasture Production From Urine Patches In An Intensive Grazed Pasture System", "description": "Abstract Minimizing nitrogen (N) losses via ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions into the atmosphere and nitrate (NO 3 \u2212 ) leaching into surface and ground waters from intensively grazed pastures is essential for environmental protection worldwide. Applying urease inhibitor such as N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBPT) or (Agrotain) and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to grazed pastures has the potential to mitigate such N losses. A lysimeter/mini plot experiment, using Paparua silt loam soil near Lincoln, Canterbury New Zealand, was conducted to quantify these N losses during May 2007 to July 2008. The nine treatments were: cow urine only applied at an equivalent rate of 600\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , urine\u00a0+\u00a0DCD at 5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , urine\u00a0+\u00a0DCD at 7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , urine\u00a0+\u00a0DCD at 10\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , urine\u00a0+\u00a0double inhibitor (DI), i.e. both Agrotain and DCD applied at 1\u00a0L\u00a0ha \u22121 and 7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively (or 1:7 of v/w basis), urine\u00a0+\u00a0DI (1:10), urine\u00a0+\u00a0DI (2:7), urine\u00a0+\u00a0DI (2:10) and the control (no urine). These treatments were randomly applied to one set of lysimeters or mini plots in May as autumn and then to another set of lysimeters or mini plots in August as spring applications. Additional nine lysimeters received DCD only at rates equivalent to 5, 7 and 10\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 in autumn to see if DCD has any effect on NO 3 \u2212 leaching and pasture production and N uptake from non-urine patches in autumn. Gaseous emissions of NH 3 and N 2 O, NO 3 \u2212 leaching and pasture production and N uptake varied with the types and rates of the applied inhibitors during the two seasons. DCD applied at 7 and 10\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 rates with urine was more effective than its lower rate of 5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 and reduced N 2 O emissions by 37\u201353% (autumn) and 47% (spring), NO 3 \u2212 leaching losses by 57\u201355% (autumn) and 26\u201310% (spring) compared with urine alone. However DCD increased NH 3 emissions by 41% and 18% compared with urine alone treatment after autumn and spring, respectively. DCD applied at higher rates also increased pasture dry matter by 9% and 12% and N uptake by 12% and 6% after autumn and spring applications, respectively. However DCD applied at different rates without urine in autumn had no such effect on either NO 3 \u2212 leaching or pasture dry matter yield or N uptake. The DI at 1:7 ratio was more effective than the higher rates of DI and DCD in reducing losses of NH 3 (48% and 51%), N 2 O (55% and 63%) and NO 3 \u2212 leaching (56% and 42%) as well as increasing pasture production (13% and 17%) and N uptake (7% and 18%) compared with urine alone treatment in autumn and spring, respectively. These results suggest that applying Agrotain\u00a0+\u00a0DCD at a ratio of 1:7 (v/w) may provide the best option for both mitigating N losses and improving pasture production in intensively grazed systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Zaman, J.D. Blennerhassett,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-024-01939-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-01", "title": "Interplay between Livestock Grazing and Aridity on the Ecological and Nutritional Value of Forage in Semi-arid Mediterranean Rangelands (NE Spain)", "description": "Abstract

Rangeland-based livestock production constitutes a primary source of livelihood for many inhabitants of dryland regions. Their subsistence relies heavily on maintaining the productivity, biodiversity and services of these ecosystems. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., drought) combined with land use intensification (e.g., overgrazing) make dryland ecosystems vulnerable and prone to degradation. However, the interplay between livestock grazing intensity and aridity conditions in driving the conservation and nutritional value of forage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed structural equation models (SEM) to assess the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing intensity and aridity level on community structure, diversity, biomass, forage production, forage C:N ratio and forage fiber composition in two semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, NE Spain. Not surprisingly, we found that higher livestock grazing intensity led to lower community plant cover, especially when combined with higher aridity. However, both increasing grazing intensity and aridity were associated with higher forage production after one year of grazing exclusion. We did not find any adverse effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity, although plant species composition differed among grazing intensity levels. On the other hand, we found an aridity-driven trade-off in regard of the nutritional value of forage. Specifically, higher aridity was associated with a decrease in the least digestible fiber fraction (i.e., lignin) and an increase in forage C:N ratio. More interestingly, we found that livestock grazing modulated this trade-off by improving the overall forage nutritional value. Altogether, our results provide further insights into the management of semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, pointing out that maintaining traditional rangeland-based livestock production may be a sustainable option as long as rangeland conservation (e.g., community plant cover) is not severely compromised.Seedlings of Quercus petraea (oak), Fraxinus excelsior (ash) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) were grown at two CO2 concentrations with two O3 and two water supply treatments for 3 yr in a factorial experiment. Oak was the most responsive species to all three treatments; elevated CO2 and irrigation increased biomass by an average of 79% and 41%, respectively, whereas the ozone treatment resulted in a 30% reduction in growth. Significant treatment interactions in this species demonstrated that CO2 ameliorated and irrigation exacerbated the effects of ozone. For Scots pine and ash, irrigation and elevated CO2 increased growth by approx. 60% and 20%, respectively, whereas ozone had no detectable effect on ash and resulted in a 15% reduction in growth of Scots pine. Carbon partitioning to the shoot was enhanced by both the CO2 and H2O treatments in oak, while branching was also increased in this species in response to elevated O3, resulting in changes to the allometric relationships. CO2 enhanced leaf production in oak and Scots pine, and together with the promotion of shoot allocation, this indicates an increased susceptibility to windthrow. Biomass accumulation expressed as relative growth rate, suggested three different time\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent growth responses to elevated CO2; the CO2 fertilization effect was maintained through the third year of growth in oak, had disappeared in Scots pine and a negative effect was evident in ash. Foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations indicated a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced nitrogen deficiency in oak and ash, but not in Scots pine. Chlorophyll degradation in response to ozone was observed in oak, an effect that was enhanced by irrigation and reduced by CO2, presumably through stomatal mediated changes in effective ozone dose. These results therefore suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will enhance growth of some UK forest tree species, although this might only be apparent during the juvenile phase. However, nitrogen deficiencies might limit this enhancement on some sites while changes in allocation and leaf area might promote susceptibility to windthrow. Elevated CO2 also provides some protection against ozone pollution, especially in combination with limited soil moisture availability. These interactions between CO2, ozone and water supply should be taken into account when predicting the effects of environmental change on tree growth and forest productivity.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. B. Jackson, M. S. J. Broadmeadow,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00665.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-25", "title": "Soil Biological Quality Of Grassland Fertilized With Adjusted Cattle Manure Slurries In Comparison With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers", "description": "We studied the effect of five fertilizers (including two adjusted manure slurries) and an untreated control on soil biota and explored the effect on the ecosystem services they provided. Our results suggest that the available N (NO 3 \u2212 and NH 4 + ) in the soil plays a central role in the effect of fertilizers on nematodes and microorganisms. Microorganisms are affected directly through nutrient availability and indirectly through grass root mass. Nematodes are affected indirectly through microbial biomass and grass root mass. A lower amount of available N in the treatment with inorganic fertilizer was linked to a higher root mass and a higher abundance and proportion of herbivorous nematodes. A higher amount of available N in the organic fertilizer treatments resulted in a twofold higher bacterial activity (measured as bacterial growth rate, viz. thymidine incorporation), a higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes, a 30% higher potential N mineralization (aerobic incubation), and 25\u201350% more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation). Compared to inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilization increased the C total, the N total, the activity of decomposers, and the supply of nutrients via the soil food web. Within the group of organic fertilizers, there was no significant difference in C total, abundances of soil biota, and the potential N mineralization rate. There were no indications that farmyard manure or the adjusted manure slurries provided the ecosystem service \u201csupply of nutrients\u201d better than normal manure slurry. Normal manure slurry provided the highest bacterial activity and the highest amount of mineralizable N and it was the only fertilizer resulting in a positive trend in grass yield over the years\u00a02000\u20132005. The number of earthworm burrows was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizers compared to the one with the inorganic fertilizer, which suggests that organic fertilizers stimulate the ecosystem service of water regulation more than inorganic fertilizer. The trend towards higher epigeic earthworm numbers with application of farmyard manure and one of the adjusted manure slurries, combined with the negative relation between epigeic earthworms and bulk density and a significantly lower penetration resistance in the same fertilizer types, is preliminary evidence that these two organic fertilizer types contribute more to the service of soil structure maintenance than inorganic fertilizer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pig slurry", "6. Clean water", "earthworms oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "nematodes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "microorganisms", "term", "management", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-009-0370-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-02", "title": "Soil Moisture And Plant Growth Responses To Litter And Defoliation Impacts In Parkland Grasslands", "description": "Abstract Soil moisture can limit plant production in cool-temperate grasslands, particularly under recent increases in drought severity and predictions of future climate change. This necessitates research that examines moisture mitigation strategies under the dominant land use of grazing. We examined the effectiveness of plant litter in regulating soil moisture dynamics and associated plant production in a native grassland and tame pasture in the Aspen Parkland of Alberta, Canada during 2007/2008, specifically testing (1) how litter and defoliation (as a surrogate for grazing) alter the micro-environment at the soil surface, (2) whether litter, in combination with defoliation, alters forage production, and (3) whether production changes can be linked to observed micro-environmental changes created by litter modification. The full factorial randomized complete block design consisted of three litter treatments (litter removal, in situ control, and double litter) and three defoliation treatments (undefoliated control, light defoliation to 6.5\u00a0cm stubble height, and heavy defoliation to 2.5\u00a0cm). Soil moisture levels were assessed over four periods after summer precipitation to examine soil moisture depletion. Plant phenological development and canopy cover were also assessed throughout 2007, and biomass was measured in August 2007 and 2008. Abundant litter (up to 14,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) improved soil moisture levels in both native and tame grasslands by either maintaining higher absolute moisture levels or reducing total moisture loss after rainfall. Both litter removal and double litter reduced total growing season production compared to in situ levels at the Native Site, despite highest vegetation cover in litter removal plots. High litter levels also improved growth of individual grass tillers at this site, but negatively impacted sexual production. Conversely litter removal improved overall production at the Tame Site, although litter did enhance grass tiller recovery following mid-season defoliation at both sites, in part due to positive influences on soil moisture. Treatment effects on plant production were less pronounced in 2008 than in 2007. Overall, high litter levels improve soil moisture retention and can improve or stabilize plant production particularly in native prairie sites, and can provide an important drought management strategy in the Aspen Parkland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Walter D. Willms, Eliza S. Deutsch, Edward W. Bork,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-09", "title": "Defoliation And Soil Compaction Jointly Drive Large-Herbivore Grazing Effects On Plants And Soil Arthropods On Clay Soil", "description": "In addition to the well-studied impacts of defecation and defoliation, large herbivores also affect plant and arthropod communities through trampling, and the associated soil compaction. Soil compaction can be expected to be particularly important on wet, fine-textured soils. Therefore, we established a full factorial experiment of defoliation (monthly mowing) and soil compaction (using a rammer, annually) on a clay-rich salt marsh at the Dutch coast, aiming to disentangle the importance of these two factors. Additionally, we compared the effects on soil physical properties, plants, and arthropods to those at a nearby cattle-grazed marsh under dry and under waterlogged conditions. Soil physical conditions of the compacted plots were similar to the conditions at cattle-grazed plots, showing decreased soil aeration and increased waterlogging. Soil salinity was doubled by defoliation and quadrupled by combined defoliation and compaction. Cover of the dominant tall grass Elytrigia atherica was decreased by 80% in the defoliated plots, but cover of halophytes only increased under combined defoliation and compaction. Effects on soil micro-arthropods were most severe under waterlogging, showing a fourfold decrease in abundance and a smaller mean body size under compaction. Although the combined treatment of defoliation and trampling indeed proved most similar to the grazed marsh, large discrepancies remained for both plant and soil fauna communities, presumably because of colonization time lags. We conclude that soil compaction and defoliation differently affect plant and arthropod communities in grazed ecosystems, and that the magnitude of their effects depends on herbivore density, productivity, and soil physical properties.", "keywords": ["COLLEMBOLA", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "wadden sea", "GRASSLAND", "growth", "cow", "DIVERSITY", "01 natural sciences", "630", "diversity", "Aranaea", "simulated grazing", "SALT-MARSH", "MOUNTAIN PASTURES", "MANAGEMENT", "Environmental Chemistry", "Acari", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "nitrogen mineralization", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "2. Zero hunger", "macro-detritivores", "mountain pastures", "Ecology", "COW", "national", "collembola", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "Coleoptera", "salt-marsh", "Collembola", "GROWTH", "grassland", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/72900/1/Published_Version.PDF"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-30", "title": "Biocrusts Modulate Responses of Nitrous Oxide and Methane Soil Fluxes to Simulated Climate Change in a Mediterranean Dryland", "description": "Little is known about the role of biocrusts in regulating the responses of N2O and CH4 fluxes to climate change in drylands. Here, we aim to help filling this knowledge gap by using an 8-year field experiment in central Spain where temperature and rainfall are being manipulated (~\u20091.9\u00b0C warming, 33% rainfall reduction and their combination) in areas with and without well-developed biocrust communities. Areas with initial high cover of well-developed biocrusts showed lower N2O emissions, enhanced CH4 uptake and higher abundances of functional genes linked to N2O and CH4 fluxes compared with areas with poorly developed biocrusts. Moreover, biocrusts modulated the responses of gases emissions and related functional genes to warming and rainfall reductions. Specifically, we found under rainfall exclusion and its combination with warming a sharp reduction in N2O fluxes (~\u200996% and ~\u2009197%, respectively) only under well-developed biocrust cover. Warming and its combination with rainfall exclusion reduced CH4 consumption in areas with initial low cover of well-developed biocrust, whereas rainfall exclusion enhanced CH4 uptake only in areas with high initial cover of well-developed biocrusts. Similarly, the combination of warming and rainfall exclusion increased the abundance of the nosZ gene compared to the rainfall exclusion treatment and increased the abundance of the pmoA gene compared to the control, but only in areas with low biocrust cover. Taken together, our results indicate that well-developed biocrust communities could counteract the impact of warming and altered rainfall patterns on soil N2O and CH4 fluxes, highlighting their importance and the need to preserve them to minimize climate change impacts on drylands. A. L. is supported by a FPI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-067831). M.D-B. acknowledges support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 under REA Grant Agreement No. 702057 (CLIMIFUN) and the BES Grant Agreement No. LRA17 1193 (MUSGONET). J.D acknowledges support from the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (IF/00950/2014) and the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and COMPETE 2020 (UID/BIA/04004/2013). This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Grant Agreements 242658 [BIOCOM] and 647038 [BIODESERT]), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIOMOD project, ref. CGL2013-44661-R and AGL2015-64582-C3-3-R project) and by the Comunidad de Madrid and European Structural and Investment Funds (AGRISOST-CM S2013/ABI-2717). F.T.M. acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana (BIOMORES project, ref. CIDEGENT/2018/041). B.K.S research on the topic of biodiversity and ecosystem functions is funded by Australian Research Council (DP170104634).", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "arid regions", "Nitrous oxide", "nitrous oxide", "Mediterranean Region", "methane", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "climatic changes", "Dryland", "03 medical and health sciences", "Methanotrophs", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Biocrust", "crust vegetation", "Denitrifiers", "denitrifying bacteria", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-020-00497-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-19", "title": "Organic carbon content controls the severity of water repellency and the critical moisture level across New Zealand pasture soils", "description": "

Organic matter can render soil hydrophobic and cause soil water repellency (SWR) which has large implications for agriculture. Consequences such as fingered flow, uneven wetting patterns, and increased overland flow reduce irrigation efficiency and plant nutrient availability. The phenomenon of SWR is a transient soil property depending, inter alia, on soil water content (w). Soil can exhibit SWR from oven-dry w until the critical w where it again becomes fully wettable (wNON). The total SWR can be obtained from the nonlinear SWR-w relationship as the integrated trapezoidal area under the SWR-w curve (SWRAREA). We analyzed 78 soil samples, representing five dominant soil orders in the South Island of New Zealand. The soils had a large range in clay (0.000\u20130.520 kg kg\u22121) and organic carbon (OC) content (0.021\u20130.217 kg kg\u22121). The degree of SWR was measured on soils at air-dry conditions (SWRAD) and after heat-pretreatment at 60 (SWR60) and 105\u00b0C (SWR105). Further, SWR was measured in small w increments above air-dry w until wNON was reached. The SWR-w curves were either unimodal or bimodal, or no SWR occurred. SWRAREA ranged from 0.16 to 26.82 mN m\u22121 kg kg\u22121. Among the five soil orders tested, the Podzols exhibited the highest severity in SWR, whereas the Semiarid soils were the least hydrophobic soils. In conclusion, OC was the main factor for controlling the severity of SWR. Though, pH also had minor effects on SWR. Further, an upper limit critical water content was derived from the simple relationship between the wNON and OC, which could be applied to improve irrigation practices of pastoral soils. However, there is a need for further testing on different soils and land uses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "05 Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "06 Biological Sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-22", "title": "Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic", "description": "Abstract

Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.Among the potential effects of climate change on subalpine forest ecosystems during the winter season, the shift in snowline towards higher altitudes and the increase in frequency of rain events on the snowpack are of particular interest. Here, we present the results of a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment conducted in a forest stand (Larix decidua) in NW Italy at 2020\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff80\uff89a.s.l. From 2009 to 2011, we monitored soil physical characteristics (temperature and moisture), and soil and soil solution chemistry, in particular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms and their change in time, as affected by simulated late snowpack accumulation and rain on snow events. Late snowpack accumulation determined a stronger effect on soil thermal and moisture regimes than rain on snow events. Also soil chemistry was significantly affected by late snowfall simulation. Although microbial biomass C and N were not reduced by soil freezing, soil contents of the more labile dissolved organic carbon and inorganic N increased when the soil was affected by mild/hard freezing. Variations in the soil solution were shifted with respect to those observed in soil, with an increase in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations occurring during spring and summer. This study highlights the potential N loss in subalpine soils under changing environmental conditions driven by a changing climate. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "microbial biomass; lysimeters; rain on snow; snow manipulation", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "VIGLIETTI, DAVIDE, FREPPAZ, Michele, FILIPPA, Gianluca, ZANINI, Ermanno,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/144272/1/Viglietti%20et%20al.%20pre%20print_4aperto.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.10008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.10008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.10008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s100219900070", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Original Articles: Relationship Between Root Biomass And Soil Organic Matter Pools In The Shortgrass Steppe Of Eastern Colorado", "description": "We examined the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and roots with depth to improve our understanding of belowground carbon dynamics in the shortgrass steppe of northern Colorado. Weaver and others (1935) found that the surface 15 cm of soil contained over 70% of the total roots found in a tallgrass prairie soil profile, while only accounting for 40% of the profile soil organic matter. We asked whether the relationship between roots and SOC that Weaver and others (1935) found in the tallgrass prairie was also found in the shortgrass steppe. Weaver and others (1935) suggested that the dissimilarity between belowground biomass and SOC with depth is the result of variability in decomposition rates. In an effort to determine whether patterns of SOC are the result of short-term plant input patterns or decomposition, we measured the 14C content of potentially mineralizable C and particulate organic matter (POM) C ten years after pulse labeling shortgrass steppe vegetation. We also estimated the mass specific decomposition rate constant (kPOM) for POM C through a shortgrass steppe soil profile. We found that the distribution of roots and SOM in the shortgrass steppe were similar to those observed in tallgrass prairie (Weaver and others 1935), with a higher proportion of total root biomass in the surface soils than total soil organic matter. Fifty-seven percent of root biomass was found in the surface 15-cm, while this same soil layer contained 23 percent of profile soil organic C. We measured the highest accumulation of 14C at the soil surface (12.0 ng 14C\u00b7m-2\u00b7cm-1 depth), with the least accumulation from 75-100 cm (0.724 ng 14C\u00b7m-2\u00b7cm-1 depth). The highest values of potentially mineralizable C were at the soil surface, with no significant differences in total mineralizable C among the 10-100 cm soil depths. The contribution of POM C to total C reached a profile minimum at the 15-20 cm depth increment, with profile maxima in the surface 5 cm and from 75-100 cm. We estimated that the proportion of particulate organic matter lost annually (kPOM) reached a profile maximum of 0.097 yr-1 within the 10-15 cm depth increment. The 75-100 cm depth increment had the lowest kPOM value at 0.058 yr-1. Thus, within the same physical fraction of SOC, decomposition rates vary with depth by nearly twofold. This pattern of high decomposition rates from 10-15 cm with lower decomposition rates at the soil surface and deeper in the soil profile may be the result of higher water availability in sub-surface soils in the shortgrass steppe.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard A. Gill, Ingrid C. Burke, William K. Lauenroth, Daniel G. Milchunas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900070"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s100219900070", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s100219900070", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s100219900070"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-25", "title": "Modelling Representative And Coherent Danish Farm Types Based On Farm Accountancy Data For Use In Environmental Assessments", "description": "Open AccessThere is a need for valid and representative data on the production, resource use and emissions from different farm types in Denmark forpublic regulation and assessment. The data should be usable for both area-based environmental assessment (e.g. nitrate leaching per ha) and product-oriented environmental assessment (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions per kg pork). The objective of this study was to establish a national agricultural model for estimating data on resource use, production and environmentally important emissions for a set of representative farm types. Every year a sample of farm accounts is established in order to report Danish agro-economical data to the \u2018Farm Accountancy Data Network\u2019 (FADN), and to produce \u2018The annual Danish account statistics for agriculture\u2019. The farm accounts are selected and weighted to be representative for the Danish agricultural sector, and similar samples of farm accounts are collected in most of the European countries. Based on a sample of 2138 farm accounts from year 1999 a national agricultural model, consisting of 31 farm types, was constructed. The farm accounts were grouped according to the major soil types, the number of working hours, the most important enterprise (dairy, pig, different cash crops), livestock density, etc. For each group the farm account data on the average resource use, products sold, land use and herd structure were used to establish a farm type with coherency between livestock production, feed use, land use, yields, imported feed, homegrown feed, manure production, fertilizer use and crop production. The set of farm types was scaled up to national level thus representing the whole Danish agricultural sector and the resulting production, resource use and land use was checked against the national statistics. Nutrient balance methodology and state-of-the-art emission models and factors were used to establish the emissions of nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane and fossil carbon dioxide from each farm type. In this paper data on resource uses and emissions from selected farm types are presented and it is demonstrated that this approach can lead to an agro-environmental inventory, which is consistent with national level estimates and still has the advantage of being disaggregated to specific farm types. Conventional dairy farm types in general emitted more nitrate but less phosphate compared with pig farm types. The methane emission was higher from dairy farm types compared with all other farm types. In general the conventional dairy farms emitted more nitrate, ammonia, and nitrous oxi de, compared with organic dairy farms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Environmental aspects", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecm.1507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-09", "title": "Lessons learned from a long\u2010term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning", "description": "Abstract

Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due to the altered temperature and precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond to altered environmental conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, and if the patterns of the responses will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment in the Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003\uffe2\uff80\uff932018. A naturally dry Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing the forest stand from water limitation. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding on how different traits and functions of individual trees and the whole ecosystem responded to increased water availability, and how the patterns and magnitudes of these responses developed over time. We found that the response magnitude, the temporal trajectory of responses, and the length of initial lag period prior to significant response largely varied across traits. We detected rapid and stronger responses from aboveground tree traits (e.g., tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90ring width, needle length, and crown transparency) compared to belowground tree traits (e.g., fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root biomass). The altered aboveground traits during the initial years of irrigation increased the water demand and trees adjusted by increasing root biomass during the later years of irrigation, resulting in an increased survival rate of Scots pine trees in irrigated plots. The irrigation also stimulated ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, and regeneration abundances of broadleaved tree species. However, irrigation did not promote the regeneration of Scots pine trees, which are reported to be vulnerable to extreme droughts. Our results provide extensive evidence that tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level responses were pervasive across a number of traits on long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scales. However, after reaching a peak, the magnitude of these responses either decreased or reached a new stable state, providing important insights into how resource alterations could change the system functioning and its boundary conditions.Forest managers are challenged with meeting numerous demands that often include wildlife habitat and carbon (C) sequestration. We used a probabilistic framework of wildfire occurrence to (1) estimate the potential for fuel treatments to reduce fire risk and hazard across the landscape and within protected California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) habitat and (2) evaluate the consequences of treatments with respect to terrestrial C stocks and burning emissions. Silvicultural and prescribed fire treatments were simulated on 20% of a northern Sierra Nevada landscape in three treatment scenarios that varied in the land area eligible for treatment. Treatment prescriptions varied with topography, vegetation characteristics, and ownership. We then simulated many wildfires in the treated and untreated landscapes. Additional simulations allowed us to consider the influence of wildfire size on estimated emissions. Treatments constrained to the land area outside of spotted owl activity centers reduced the probability of burning and potential fire intensity within owl habitat and across the landscape relative to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment scenarios. Allowing treatment of the activity centers achieved even greater fire hazard reductions within the activity centers. Treatments also reduced estimated wildfire emissions of C by 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9361%. However, emissions from prescribed burning exceeded simulated reductions in wildfire emissions. Consequently, all treatment scenarios resulted in higher C emissions than the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment scenarios. Further, for wildfires of moderate size (714\uffe2\uff80\uff932133\uffc2\uffa0ha), the treatment scenarios reduced the C contained in live tree biomass following simulated wildfire. When large wildfires (8070\uffe2\uff80\uff9310,757\uffc2\uffa0ha) were simulated, however, the treatment scenario retained more live tree C than the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment scenario. Our approach, which estimated terrestrial C immediately following wildfire, did not account for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C dynamics, such as emissions associated with post\uffe2\uff80\uff90wildfire decay, C sequestration by future forest growth, or longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C sequestration in structural wood products. While simulated landscape fuel treatments in the present study reduced the risk of uncharacteristically severe wildfire across the landscape and within protected habitat, the C costs of treatment generally exceeded the C benefits.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Scott L. Stephens, Danny L. Fry, Andrea H. Chatfield, Lindsay A. Chiono, Brandon M. Collins, Brandon M. Collins,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.1663", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-13", "title": "Restoring Surface Fire Stabilizes Forest Carbon Under Extreme Fire Weather In The Sierra Nevada", "description": "Abstract

Climate change in the western United States has increased the frequency of extreme fire weather events and is projected to increase the area burned by wildfire in the coming decades. This changing fire regime, coupled with increased high\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity fire risk from a legacy of fire exclusion, could destabilize forest carbon (C), decrease net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and consequently reduce the ability of forests to regulate climate through C sequestration. While management options for minimizing the risk of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity fire exist, little is known about the longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term carbon consequences of these actions in the context of continued extreme fire weather events. Our goal was to compare the impacts of extreme wildfire events on carbon stocks and fluxes in a watershed in the Sierra National Forest. We ran simulations to model wildfire under contemporary and extreme fire weather conditions, and test how three management scenarios (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90management, thin\uffe2\uff80\uff90only, thin and maintenance burning) influence fire severity, forest C stocks and fluxes, and wildfire C emissions. We found that the effects of treatment on wildfire under contemporary fire weather were minimal, and management conferred neither significant reduction in fire severity nor increases in C stocks. However, under extreme fire weather, the thin and maintenance burning scenario decreased mean fire severity by 25%, showed significantly greater C stability, and unlike the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90management and thin\uffe2\uff80\uff90only management options, the thin and maintenance burning scenario showed no decrease in NEE relative to the contemporary fire weather scenarios. Further, under extreme fire weather conditions, wildfire C emissions were lowest in the thin and maintenance burning scenario, (reduction of 13.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha over the simulation period) even when taking into account the C costs associated with prescribed burning. Including prescribed burning in thinning operations may be critical to maintaining C\uffc2\uffa0stocks and reducing C emissions in the future where extreme fire weather events are more frequent.

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "13. Climate action", "Forest management -- Environmental aspects", "Wildfires -- West (U.S.) -- Effect of climatic changes on", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/context/esm_fac/article/1188/viewcontent/Krofcheck_et_al_2017_Ecosphere__1_.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1663"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.1663", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.1663", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.1663"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Nutrient Addition On Leaf Chemistry, Morphology, And Photosynthetic Capacity Of Three Bog Shrubs", "description": "Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V(cmax)), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V(cmax) in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH(4)) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment.", "keywords": ["Ontario", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Rhododendron", "Nitrogen", "Plant Sciences", "Quebec", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Wetlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ericaceae", "Scientific Contribution Number 2426", "Photosynthesis", "Vaccinium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tim R. Moore, Rakesh Minocha, Subhash C. Minocha, Stephanie Long, Sari Juutinen, Sari Juutinen, Jill L. Bubier, Rose M. Smith, Rose M. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-10", "title": "Non-Target Impacts Of Weed Control On Birds, Mammals, And Reptiles", "description": "Abstract

The impacts of invasive plant control on native animals are rarely evaluated. Using data from an eight\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study in southeastern Australia, we quantified the effects on native bird, mammal, and reptile species of (1) the abundance of the invasive Bitou Bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata, and (2) a Bitou Bush control program, which involved repeated herbicide spraying interspersed with prescribed burning. We found that overall species richness of birds, mammals, and reptiles and the majority of individual vertebrate species were unresponsive to Bitou Bush cover and the number of plants. Two species including the nationally endangered Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyurus brachypterus) responded positively to measures of native vegetation cover following the control of Bitou Bush. Analyses of the effects of different components of the treatment protocol employed to control Bitou Bush revealed (1) no negative effects of spraying on vertebrate species richness; (2) negative effects of spraying on only one individual species (Scarlet Honeyeater); and (3) lower bird species richness but higher reptile species richness after fire. The occupancy of most individual vertebrates species was unaffected by burning; four species responded negatively and one positively to fire. Our study indicated that actions to remove Bitou Bush generally have few negative impacts on native vertebrates. We therefore suggest that controlling this highly invasive exotic plant species has only very limited negative impacts on vertebrate biota.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "weed control", "570", "Secondary effects", "off-target impacts", "animal response to weed control", "Indirect impacts", "Fire management", "590", "Non-target impacts", "herbicide impact on animals", "Herbicide impact on animals", "01 natural sciences", "invasive alien plant management", "fire management", "indirect impacts", "14. Life underwater", "non-target impacts", "Invasive alien plant management", "weed management impacts", "Animal response to weed control", "Bitou Bush", "580", "secondary effects", "Weed management impacts", "15. Life on land", "Weed control", "Off-target impacts", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/407435/1/Lindenmayer_et_al_2017_Ecopshere.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/244051/3/01_Lindenmayer_Non-target_impacts_of_weed_2017.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-02", "title": "Land Use Intensification In The Humid Tropics Increased Both Alpha And Beta Diversity Of Soil Bacteria", "description": "Abstract

Anthropogenic pressures on tropical forests are rapidly intensifying, but our understanding of their implications for biological diversity is still very limited, especially with regard to soil biota, and in particular soil bacterial communities. Here we evaluated bacterial community composition and diversity across a gradient of land use intensity in the eastern Amazon from undisturbed primary forest, through primary forests varyingly disturbed by fire, regenerating secondary forest, pasture, and mechanized agriculture. Soil bacteria were assessed by paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90end Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4 region). The resulting sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU) at a 97% similarity threshold. Land use intensification increased the observed bacterial diversity (both OTU richness and community heterogeneity across space) and this effect was strongly associated with changes in soil pH. Moreover, land use intensification and subsequent changes in soil fertility, especially pH, altered the bacterial community composition, with pastures and areas of mechanized agriculture displaying the most contrasting communities in relation to undisturbed primary forest. Together, these results indicate that tropical forest conversion impacts soil bacteria not through loss of diversity, as previously thought, but mainly by imposing marked shifts on bacterial community composition, with unknown yet potentially important implications for ecological functions and services performed by these communities.

", "keywords": ["Rios de composi\u00e7\u00e3o de comunidade bacteriana", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Bacteria", "Biodiversidade subterr\u00e2nea", "Agriculture", "Biodiversity", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Below\u2010ground biodiversity", "High\u2010throughput sequencing", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Sequenciamento de alto rendimento", "Rivers of bacterial community composition", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/82660/1/de_Carvalho_et_al_2016_raw_pdf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1513"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1513", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1513"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-28", "title": "Chronic Warming Stimulates Growth Of Marsh Grasses More Than Mangroves In A Coastal Wetland Ecotone", "description": "Abstract

Increasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-25", "title": "Global sensitivity analysis of crop yield and transpiration from the FAO-AquaCrop model for dryland environments", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Yield", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "AquaCrop", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "Dryland", "13. Climate action", "Sensitivity analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/1/AquaCrop_GSA_rev2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/2/Lu2021_AquaCrop_GSA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.5400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-09", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy", "description": "Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform key soil ecosystem services and, because of their symbiotic relationship with plant roots, may be exposed to the plant protection products (PPPs) applied to soils and crops. In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of PPPs for in-soil organisms, recommending the inclusion of AMF ecotoxicological testing in the PPP regulatory process. However, it is not clear how this can be implemented in a tiered, robust, and ecologically relevant manner. Through a critical review of current literature, we examine the recommendations made within the EFSA report and the methodologies available to integrate AMF into the PPP risk assessment and provide perspective and commentary on their agronomic and ecological relevance. We conclude that considerable research questions remain to be addressed prior to the inclusion of AMF into the in-soil organism risk assessment, many of which stem from the unique challenges associated with including an obligate symbiont within the PPP risk assessment. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and the further research required to enable development of relevant, reliable, and robust scientific tests alongside pragmatic and scientifically sound guidance to ensure that any future risk-assessment paradigm is adequately protective of the ecosystem services it aims to preserve. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1808\uffe2\uff80\uff931823. \uffc2\uffa9 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.\u00a01) with a marked increase in the FA-carbon stocks with respect to the pristine forest soil (0.66 and 0.30\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u2212\u00a02 down to 30\u00a0cm, respectively). Clear cutting also affected Al and Fe dynamics. The reducing conditions acted upon soil mineral surfaces and enhanced Fe mobilisation probably both in the ionic form and complexed with organic matter. The Al dynamics was instead more related to short term transformations of the layer silicate phases. Traces of a poorly crystalline chlorite were detectable in the Bhs in the pristine forest, but at the clear site only hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite was present. The high amounts of organic acids that migrated through the Bhs after clear cutting may have partially complexed the Al from pedogenic chlorite, giving rise to hydroxy-interlayered behaviour, as normally occurs in Podzol eluvial horizons from where the organic Al-complexes migrate. Our findings suggested that if this trend proceeds further the whole podzolic sequum may migrate downwards. This may have important implication on C budget, as organic carbon will be transferred deeper in the soil profile limiting its losses at least over a short time period.", "keywords": ["BISEQUAL SOILS; CARBON STOCKS; CLAY MINERALOGY; FULVIC ACIDS; NORWAY SPRUCE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/100698/2/Falsone%20et%20al%202012%20Geoderma%20AperTO.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:12Z", "created": "2011-02-08", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and time- independent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "BIOFUELS;ENERGY CROPS;PERENNIALS;LCA;GREENHOUSE GASES;CLIMATE CHANGE;POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS;BIOENERGY POTENTIAL;LAND-USE CHANGE;NITROUS OXIDE;CARBON DIOXIDE;AGRICULTURAL PRATICES \u00a0;AGRONOMIE;", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "biomasse", "pratique culturale", "\u00e9nergie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "oxyde nitreux", "gaz trace", "\u00e9mission", "Agricultural sciences", "flux", "culture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "cycle de vie", "biocarburant", "13. Climate action", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "impact sur l'environnement", "Sciences agricoles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:12Z", "created": "2011-06-29", "title": "Ecological Threats And Agricultural Opportunities Of The Aquatic Cane-Like Grass Phragmites Australis In Wetlands", "description": "Wetlands are some of the most biologically productive and dynamic natural ecosystems with multiple value for man and nature. Indeed wetlands provide goods and service such as water storing, floodwater trapping, and trapping of sediment and pollutants. Wetlands also affect climate change by absorbing CO2, storing and releasing heat, and harnessing sunlight using a rich variety of vegetation that supports animal life. However wetlands can be polluted by industrial and commercial operations, agricultural runoff and storm water. Wetlands are degraded by filling in and drainage for land development. Wetlands are also degraded by dredging for commercial and recreational water traffic. Dam construction and irrigation roads change the hydrological status of wetlands. Wetlands allow the growth of aquatic macrophytic vegetation such as the emergent Phragmites australis. P. australis is mainly a clonal plant occurring in natural areas. P. australis invasion in wetlands alters the structure and function of the ecosystem by reducing plant and animal biodiversity and changing hydrological regimes and nutrient cycles. This invasion leads to less food or cover for wildlife, decreased use of an area for recreational purposes and decreased availability of drinking and irrigating water. Several methods have been applied in order to control P. australis growth. Control methods include non ecological methods such as burning that releases CO2 in the atmosphere and chemical control with non-specific herbicides. Control methods include also ecological methods such as grazing and removal of above-ground biomass by cutting. Cuttings can in turn be used for on-farm application as green manure or sludge after energy production and compost production. An economic and ecological basis for accepting a beneficial role for P. australis is lacking. This report focuses on the possibility that people living near wetlands could produce compost using plant material from P. australis. Suitable use of compost in agriculture could reduce the fertilizer application and thereby reduce the environmental pollution, improve food security and soil productivity, and increase sustainability in the agroecosystems. It can also play role in the climate change because part of the organic C is released as CO2 in the atmosphere and the rest is consumed by the decomposers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-005-1547-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-02", "title": "Relative Contribution Of Trees And Crops To Soil Carbon Content In A Parkland System In Burkina Faso Using Variations In Natural C-13 Abundance", "description": "The origin of organic matter was studied in the soils of a parkland of karite\u2019 (Vitallaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) and ne\u2019 re\u2019 (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.), which is extensively cultivated without the use of fertilisers. In such systems, fertility (physical, chemical and biological) gradients around trees have been attributed by some authors to a priori differences in fertility, allowing for better tree establishment on richer sites. In reverse, other workers believed that these gradients are due to the contribution of trees to the formation of soil organic matter through litter and decay of roots. Measurements of the variations in the 13C isotopic composition allowed for a distinction between tree (C3) derivedC and crop and grass (C4) derived Cin the total soil organic C content. The organic carbon contents of the soils were recorded under the two species at two soil depths and at five distances going from tree trunk to the open area and their C isotopic signatures were analysed. The results showed that soil carbon contents under karite\u2019 (6.43\u00b1 0.45 g kg-1) and ne\u2019 re\u2019 (5.65\u00b1 0.27 g kg-1) were significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the open area (4.09\u00b1 0.26 g kg-1). The d13C of soil C was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the open area (-17.5\u00b1 0.3&) compared with the values obtained on average with depth and distance from tree under karite\u2019 (-20.2\u00b1 0.4&) and ne\u2019 re\u2019 (-20.1\u00b1 0.4&). The C4-derived soil C was approximately constant, and the differences in total soil C were fully explained by the C3 (tree) contributions to soil carbon of 4.01\u00b1 0.71, 3.02\u00b1 0.53, 1.53\u00b1 0.10 g kg-1, respectively under karite\u2019, ne\u2019 re\u2019 and in the open area. These results show that trees in parklands have a directly positive contribution to soil carbon content, justifying the need to encourage the maintenance of trees in these systems in semi-arid environments where the carbon content of soil appears to be the first limiting factor for crop growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sibiri Jean Ouedraogo, Jules Bayala, C. Marol, Z. Teklehaimanot, J. Balesdent, Felipe Zapata,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-1547-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-005-1547-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-005-1547-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-005-1547-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=land&offset=100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=land&offset=100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=land&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=land&offset=150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15602, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T07:43:25.257770Z"}