{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/cli2.19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-21", "title": "An alert system for Seasonal Fire probability forecast for South American Protected Areas", "description": "Abstract<p>Timely spatially explicit warning of areas with high fire occurrence probability is an important component of strategic plans to prevent and monitor fires within South American (SA) Protected Areas (PAs). In this study, we present a five\uffe2\uff80\uff90level alert system, which combines both climatological and anthropogenic factors, the two main drivers of fires in SA. The alert levels are: High Alert, Alert, Attention, Observation and Low Probability. The trend in the number of active fires over the past three years and the accumulated number of active fires over the same period were used as indicators of intensification of human use of fire in that region, possibly associated with ongoing land use/land cover change (LULCC). An ensemble of temperature and precipitation gridded output from the GloSea5 Seasonal Forecast System was used to indicate an enhanced probability of hot and dry weather conditions that combined with LULCC favour fire occurrences. Alerts from this system were first issued in August 2020, for the period ranging from August to October (ASO) 2020. Overall, 50% of all fires observed during the ASO 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932019 period and 40% of the ASO 2020 fires occurred in only 29 PAs were all categorized in the top two alert levels. In categories mapped as High Alert level, 34% of the PAs experienced an increase in fires compared with the 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932019 reference period, and 81% of the High Alert false alarm registered fire occurrence above the median. Initial feedback from stakeholders indicates that these alerts were used to inform resource management in some PAs. We expect that these forecasts can provide continuous information aiming at changing societal perceptions of fire use and consequently subsidize strategic planning and mitigatory actions, focusing on timely responses to a disaster risk management strategy. Further research must focus on the model improvement and knowledge translation to stakeholders.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Atmospheric Science", "Land cover", "Flood Risk", "Precipitation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Impact of Climate Change on Forest Wildfires", "Global Flood Risk Assessment and Management", "Meteorology", "Engineering", "Machine learning", "False alarm", "Civil engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Climatology", "Global and Planetary Change", "Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Climate Change", "Geography", "Warning system", "Geology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Land use", "Telecommunications", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20Resilience%20and%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/cli2.19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/cli2.19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/cli2.19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/geo2.60", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-23", "title": "Site-specific modulators control how geophysical and socio-technical drivers shape land use and land cover", "description": "<p>Human utilisation of natural resources is the most important direct driver of land cover patterns in the Anthropocene. Here, we present a conceptual framework for how the effects of geophysical drivers (e.g., topography, soil, climate, and hydrology) and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90technical drivers (e.g., technology, legal regulation, economy, and culture) on land use and land cover are shaped by site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators such as local topography and social and cultural backgrounds of individuals. The framework is demonstrated by examples from the literature, with emphasis on the north\uffe2\uff80\uff90western European lowland agricultural region. For example, a geophysical driver such as slope of the terrain constrains land use and is thereby an important driver of land covers, for example, forests. This effect of slope can vary depending on site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators such as local soil fertility, local topographic heterogeneity, and shifting human population densities. Acknowledging the importance of site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators on how geophysical and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90technical drivers shape land use and land covers will strengthen research on human\uffe2\uff80\uff93environmental interactions \uffe2\uff80\uff93 especially important with the future increase in human populations in a constant changing world.</p>", "keywords": ["Geography (General)", "site\u2010specific modulators", "land use", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "spatial", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "G1-922", "GE1-350", "land cover patterns", "non\u2010stationarity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geo%3A%20Geography%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/geo2.60", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/geo2.60", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-22", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Other Physical Soil Properties Along Adjacent Mediterranean Forest, Grassland, And Cropland Ecosystems In Turkey", "description": "Abstract   Cultivation, overgrazing, and overharvesting are seriously degrading forest and grassland ecosystems in the Taurus Mountains of the southern Mediterranean region of Turkey. This study investigated the effects of changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and other physical soil properties over a 12-year period in three adjacent ecosystems in a Mediterranean plateau. The ecosystems were cropland (converted from grasslands in 1990), open forest, and grassland. Soil samples from two depths, 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm, were collected for chemical and physical analyses at each of cropland, open forest, and grassland ecosystems. SOC pools at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth of cropland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were estimated at 32,636, 56,480, and 57,317\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Conversion of grassland into cropland during the 12-year period increased the bulk density by 10.5% and soil erodibility by 46.2%; it decreased SOM by 48.8%, SOC content by 43%, available water capacity (AWC) by 30.5%, and total porosity by 9.1% for the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil depth (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land cover", "Mediterranean plateau", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149346", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-31", "title": "Characterization of the main land processes occurring in Europe (2000-2018) through a MODIS NDVI seasonal parameter-based procedure", "description": "The identification and recognition of the land processes are of vital importance for a proper management of the ecosystem functions and services. However, on-ground land uses/land covers (LULC) characterization is a time-consuming task, often limited to small land areas, which can be solved using remote sensing technologies. The objective of this work is to investigate how the different MODIS NDVI seasonal parameters responded to the main land processes observed in Europe in the 2000-2018 period; characterizing their temporal trend; and evaluating which one reflected better each specific land process. NDVI time-series were evaluated using TIMESAT software, which extracted eight seasonality parameters: amplitude, base value, length of season, maximum value, left and right derivative values and small and large integrated values. These parameters were correlated with the LULC changes derived from COoRdination of INformation on the Environment Land Cover (CLC) for assessing which parameter better characterized each land process. The temporal evolution of the maximum seasonal NDVI was the parameter that better characterized the occurrence of most of the land processes evaluated (afforestation, agriculturalization, degradation, land abandonment, land restoration, urbanization; R2 from 0.67-0.97). Large integrated value also presented significant relationships but they were restricted to two of the three evaluated periods. On the contrary, land processes involving CLC categories with similar NDVI patterns were not well captured with the proposed methodology. These results evidenced that this methodology could be combined with other classification methods for improving LULC identification accuracy or for identifying LULC processes in locations where no LULC maps are available. Such information can be used by policy-makers to draw LULC management actions associated with sustainable development goals. This is especially relevant for areas where food security is at stake and where terrestrial ecosystems are threatened by severe biodiversity loss.", "keywords": ["Land cover", "Urbanization", "CORINE", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Europe", "Normalized difference vegetation index", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "11. Sustainability", "Seasons", "TIMESAT", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/511362/1/Ramirez-Cuesta%20et%20al%202021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/cagri/2020003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-03", "title": "L\u2019adoption du semis direct sous couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal\u2009: transition douce ou rupture\u2009?", "description": "<p>Le semis direct sous couvert repose sur l\uffe2\uff80\uff99application simultan\uffc3\uffa9e et continue de trois principes\uffe2\uff80\uff89: la r\uffc3\uffa9duction quasi-totale du travail du sol, une couverture organique des sols et une rotation diversifi\uffc3\uffa9e. Ce syst\uffc3\uffa8me agricole adopt\uffc3\uffa9 en France \uffc3\uffa0 partir des ann\uffc3\uffa9es\uffe2\uff80\uff892000 sous l\uffe2\uff80\uff99impulsion de groupes d\uffe2\uff80\uff99agriculteurs est en extension. Pour les agriculteurs, adopter un nouveau syst\uffc3\uffa8me agricole revient \uffc3\uffa0 modifier, de mani\uffc3\uffa8re plus ou moins importante, leurs pratiques. Concernant le semis direct sous couvert v\uffc3\uffa9g\uffc3\uffa9tal, peu d\uffe2\uff80\uff99informations existent. Cet article a pour objectif d\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffc3\uffa9clairer les modifications que peut induire sa mise en place. Pour cela, il s\uffe2\uff80\uff99appuie sur les r\uffc3\uffa9ponses de 425\uffe2\uff80\uff89agriculteurs fran\uffc3\uffa7ais \uffc3\uffa0 une enqu\uffc3\uffaate en ligne. Pour 30\uffe2\uff80\uff89% des agriculteurs, le semis direct sous couvert constitue une modification compl\uffc3\uffa8te du syst\uffc3\uffa8me agricole. La r\uffc3\uffa9duction quasi-totale du travail du sol est le principe qui entra\uffc3\uffaene le plus de modifications (pour 96\uffe2\uff80\uff89% des agriculteurs). Au contraire, la diversification de la rotation conna\uffc3\uffaet le moins de modifications (48\uffe2\uff80\uff89% des agriculteurs). L\uffe2\uff80\uff99absence d\uffe2\uff80\uff99une modification de la rotation peut s\uffe2\uff80\uff99expliquer par une rotation d\uffc3\uffa9j\uffc3\uffa0 diversifi\uffc3\uffa9e en place ou l\uffe2\uff80\uff99incapacit\uffc3\uffa9 pour les agriculteurs d\uffe2\uff80\uff99ajouter de nouvelles cultures \uffc3\uffa0 leur rotation. L\uffe2\uff80\uff99optimisation de la couverture v\uffc3\uffa9g\uffc3\uffa9tale du sol entra\uffc3\uffaene une modification des pratiques pour 67\uffe2\uff80\uff89% des agriculteurs. Durant les premi\uffc3\uffa8res ann\uffc3\uffa9es, les agriculteurs s\uffe2\uff80\uff99orientent majoritairement vers l\uffe2\uff80\uff99utilisation de couverts temporaires plurisp\uffc3\uffa9cifiques. Bouleversant certains fondamentaux de l\uffe2\uff80\uff99agriculture, ces agriculteurs minimisent les risques encourus en favorisant une transition progressive et en partageant les connaissances acquises.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "Agriculture (General)", "surveys / conservation agriculture / conservation tillage / land cover / crop diversification", "enqu\u00eate", "Plant culture", "diversification des cultures", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "S1-972", "SB1-1110", "conservation agriculture", "surveys", "land cover", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "agriculture de conservation", "couverture du sol", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "crop diversification enqu\u00eate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.cahiersagricultures.fr/10.1051/cagri/2020003/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Cahiers%20Agricultures", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/cagri/2020003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/cagri/2020003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/cagri/2020003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/jstars.2019.2958847", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-22", "title": "Sentinel-1 InSAR Coherence for Land Cover Mapping: A Comparison of Multiple Feature-Based Classifiers", "description": "Open AccessThis article investigates and demonstrates the suitability of the Sentinel-1 interferometric coherence for land cover and vegetation mapping. In addition, this study analyzes the performance of this feature along with polarization and intensity products according to different classification strategies and algorithms. Seven different classification workflows were evaluated, covering pixel- and object-based analyses, unsupervised and supervised classification, different machine-learning classifiers, and the various effects of distinct input features in the SAR domain\u2014interferometric coherence, backscattered intensities, and polarization. All classifications followed the Corine land cover nomenclature. Three different study areas in Europe were selected during 2015 and 2016 campaigns to maximize diversity of land cover. Overall accuracies (OA), ranging from 70% to 90%, were achieved depending on the study area and methodology, considering between 9 and 15 classes. The best results were achieved in the rather flat area of Do\u00f1ana wetlands National Park in Spain (OA 90%), but even the challenging alpine terrain around the city of Merano in northern Italy (OA 77%) obtained promising results. The overall potential of Sentinel-1 interferometric coherence for land cover mapping was evaluated as very good. In all cases, coherence-based results provided higher accuracies than intensity-based strategies, considering 12 days of temporal sampling of the Sentinel-1 A stack. Both coherence and intensity prove to be complementary observables, increasing the overall accuracies in a combined strategy. The accuracy is expected to increase when Sentinel-1 A/B stacks, i.e., six-day sampling, are considered.", "keywords": ["Teledetecci\u00f3", "550", "Interferometric coherence", "Geophysics. Cosmic physics", "ta1171", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "land cover mapping", "ta216", "TC1501-1800", "[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ta213", "QC801-809", "[SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism", "interferometric coherence", "Remote sensing", "synthetic aperture radar (SAR)", "15. Life on land", "[SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics", "SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities", "[SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics", "Ocean engineering", "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)", "[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicaci\u00f3::Radiocomunicaci\u00f3 i exploraci\u00f3 electromagn\u00e8tica::Teledetecci\u00f3", ":Enginyeria de la telecomunicaci\u00f3::Radiocomunicaci\u00f3 i exploraci\u00f3 electromagn\u00e8tica::Teledetecci\u00f3 [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "13. Climate action", "Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al y Comunicaciones", "Sentinel-1", "[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing", "Land cover mapping", "Copernicus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2019.2958847"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Journal%20of%20Selected%20Topics%20in%20Applied%20Earth%20Observations%20and%20Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/jstars.2019.2958847", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/jstars.2019.2958847", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/jstars.2019.2958847"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13371", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-18", "title": "Large-scale drivers of relationships between soil microbial properties and organic carbon across Europe", "description": "AbstractAim<p>Quantify direct and indirect relationships between soil microbial community properties (potential basal respiration, microbial biomass) and abiotic factors (soil, climate) in three major land\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover types.</p>Location<p>Europe.</p>Time period<p>2018.</p>Major taxa studied<p>Microbial community (fungi and bacteria).</p>Methods<p>We collected 881 soil samples from across Europe in the framework of the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS). We measured potential soil basal respiration at 20\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffbaC and microbial biomass (substrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced respiration) using an O2\uffe2\uff80\uff90microcompensation apparatus. Soil and climate data were obtained from the same LUCAS survey and online databases. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to quantify relationships between variables, and equations extracted from SEMs were used to create predictive maps. Fatty acid methyl esters were measured in a subset of samples to distinguish fungal from bacterial biomass.</p>Results<p>Soil microbial properties in croplands were more heavily affected by climate variables than those in forests. Potential soil basal respiration and microbial biomass were correlated in forests but decoupled in grasslands and croplands, where microbial biomass depended on soil carbon. Forests had a higher ratio of fungi to bacteria than grasslands or croplands.</p>Main conclusions<p>Soil microbial communities in grasslands and croplands are likely carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited in comparison with those in forests, and forests have a higher dominance of fungi indicating differences in microbial community composition. Notably, the often already\uffe2\uff80\uff90degraded soils of croplands could be more vulnerable to climate change than more natural soils. The provided maps show potentially vulnerable areas that should be explicitly accounted for in future management plans to protect soil carbon and slow the increasing vulnerability of European soils to climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Land cover", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "Soil microbial biomass", "soil microbial respiration", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "structural equation modelling", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "croplands", "soil microbial biomass", "Europe", "climate change", "land cover", "Structural equation modelling", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "Croplands", "soil carbon", "Soil microbial respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/geb.13371", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/geb.13371", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/geb.13371"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs12213482", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-26", "title": "Vertical Accuracy of Freely Available Global Digital Elevation Models (ASTER, AW3D30, MERIT, TanDEM-X, SRTM, and NASADEM)", "description": "<p>Freely available global digital elevation models (DEMs) are important inputs for many research fields and applications. During the last decade, several global DEMs have been released based on satellite data. ASTER and SRTM are the most widely used DEMs, but the more recently released, AW3D30, TanDEM-X and MERIT, are being increasingly used. Many researchers have studied the quality of these DEM products in recent years. However, there has been no comprehensive and systematic evaluation of their quality over areas with variable topography and land cover conditions. To provide this comparison, we examined the accuracy of six freely available global DEMs (ASTER, AW3D30, MERIT, TanDEM-X, SRTM, and NASADEM) in four geographic regions with different topographic and land use conditions. We used local high-precision elevation models (Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Pleiades-1A) as reference models and all global models were resampled to reference model resolution (1m). In total, 608 million 1x1 m pixels were analyzed. To estimate the accuracy, we generated error rasters by subtracting each reference model from the corresponding global DEM and calculated descriptive statistics for this difference (e.g., median, mean, root-mean-square error (RMSE)). We also assessed the vertical accuracy as a function of the slope, slope aspect, and land cover. We found that slope had the strongest effect on DEM accuracy, with no relationship for slope aspect. The AW3D30 was the most robust and had the most stable performance in most of the tests and is therefore the best choice for an analysis of multiple geographic regions. SRTM and NASADEM also performed well where available, whereas NASADEM, as a successor of SRTM, showed only slight improvement in comparison to SRTM. MERIT and TanDEM-X also performed well despite their lower spatial resolution.</p>", "keywords": ["validation", "DEM; validation; accuracy assessment; slope; aspect; topography; land cover", "Science", "Q", "DEM", "aspect", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "land cover", "topography", "slope", "accuracy assessment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3482/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3482/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213482"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs12213482", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs12213482", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs12213482"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-16", "title": "Effects Of Added Organic Matter And Water On Soil Carbon Sequestration In An Arid Region", "description": "Open AccessEn general, se predice que el calentamiento global estimular\u00e1 la producci\u00f3n primaria y conducir\u00e1 a m\u00e1s aportes de carbono (C) al suelo. Sin embargo, muchos estudios han encontrado que el suelo C no necesariamente aumenta con el aumento de la entrada de basura vegetal. Las precipitaciones han aumentado en Asia central \u00e1rida y se prev\u00e9 que aumenten m\u00e1s, por lo que probamos los efectos de la adici\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica fresca (FOM) y agua en el secuestro de C del suelo en una regi\u00f3n \u00e1rida en el noroeste de China. Los resultados sugirieron que el FOM a\u00f1adido se descompuso r\u00e1pidamente y tuvo efectos menores en el dep\u00f3sito de carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo (SOC) a una profundidad de 30 cm. Tanto la FOM como la adici\u00f3n de agua tuvieron efectos significativos en la biomasa microbiana del suelo. La biomasa microbiana del suelo aument\u00f3 con la adici\u00f3n de FOM, alcanz\u00f3 un m\u00e1ximo y luego disminuy\u00f3 a medida que la FOM se descompon\u00eda. El FOM tuvo un efecto estimulante m\u00e1s significativo sobre la biomasa microbiana con la adici\u00f3n de agua. Bajo los rangos de humedad del suelo utilizados en este experimento (21.0% -29.7%), el aporte de FOM fue m\u00e1s importante que la adici\u00f3n de agua en el proceso de mineralizaci\u00f3n del suelo C. Concluimos que la entrada de FOM a corto plazo en el suelo subterr\u00e1neo y la adici\u00f3n de agua no afectan la piscina de SOC en los matorrales en una regi\u00f3n \u00e1rida.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "550", "Arid", "Growth", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Agricultural soil science", "Tropical forest", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Biomass", "Land-use", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Land Cover and Ecosystems", "Ecology", "Respiration", "Q", "Temperature", "R", "Soil Chemical Properties", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Medicine", "Organic matter", "Research Article", "Composite material", "Carbon Sequestration", "China", "Desert shrubs", "Science", "Soil Science", "Ecosystems", "Environmental science", "Meta-analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Research", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Climate-change", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Water", "Soil Properties", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Materials science", "Microbial activity", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Fine-root", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "CO2 flux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070224"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0070224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-12", "title": "Phytophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as indicators of changing landscapes", "description": "Spatial and temporal differences in landscape patterns are of considerable interest for understanding ecological processes. In this study, we assessed habitat quality by using the Syrph The Net database and data on decreasing species richness over a 25-year period for the two largest phytophagous hoverfly genera (Merodon and Cheilosia). Furthermore, within this time frame, we explored congruence between ecological responses (species richness and Biodiversity Maintenance Function for these two genera) and landscape structural changes through correlation analysis. Our results indicate that landscapes have experienced changes in aggregation, isolation/connectivity and landscape diversity, with these parameters being significantly correlated with Cheilosia species richness loss and habitat quality. We conclude that the genus Cheilosia is a good bioindicator that can highlight not only the current quality of an area but also temporal changes in landscape patterns.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "MODELS", "INSECTS", "DIVERSITY", "LAND COVER CHANGE", "Cheilosia", "Land cover change", "01 natural sciences", "BIOINDICATORS", "CONNECTIVITY", "RICHNESS", "FORESTS", "14. Life underwater", "Merodon", "Connectivity", "LAND-USE", "Landscape structure", "Bioindicators; Cheilosia; Connectivity; Insects; Land cover change; Landscape structure; Merodon; Species richness", "15. Life on land", "EXTINCTION RISK", "Insects", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "QH540 Ecology / \u00f6kol\u00f3gia", "Bioindicators", "BIODIVERSITY", "ABUNDANCE", "Species richness", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://akademiai.com/doi/pdf/10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Community%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1556/168.2017.18.3.7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-561383/v1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-27", "title": "A spatiotemporal ensemble machine learning framework for generating land use / land cover time-series maps for Europe (2000 \u2013 2019) based on LUCAS, CORINE and GLAD Landsat", "description": "Abstract         <p>A seamless spatiotemporal machine learning framework for automated prediction, uncertainty assessment, and analysis of land use / land cover (LULC) dynamics is presented. The framework includes: (1) harmonization and preprocessing of high-resolution spatial and spatiotemporal covariate datasets (GLAD Landsat, NPP/VIIRS) including 5 million harmonized LUCAS and CORINE Land Cover-derived training samples, (2) model building based on spatial k-fold cross-validation and hyper-parameter optimization, (3) prediction of the most probable class, class probabilities and uncertainty per pixel, (4) LULC change analysis on time-series of produced maps. The spatiotemporal ensemble model was fitted by combining random forest, gradient boosted trees, and artificial neural network, with logistic regressor as meta-learner. The results show that the most important covariates for mapping LULC in Europe are: seasonal aggregates of Landsat green and near-infrared bands, multiple Landsat-derived spectral indices, and elevation. Spatial cross-validation of the model indicates consistent performance across multiple years with 62%, 70%, and 87% accuracy when predicting 33 (level-3), 14 (level-2), and 5 classes (level-1); with artificial surface classes such as 'airports' and 'railroads' showing the lowest match with validation points. The spatiotemporal model outperforms spatial models on known-year classification by 2.7% and unknown-year classification by 3.5%. Results of the accuracy assessment using 48,365 independent test samples shows 87% match with the validation points. Results of time-series analysis (time-series of LULC probabilities and NDVI images) suggest gradual deforestation trends in large parts of Sweden, the Alps, and Scotland. An advantage of using spatiotemporal ML is that the fitted model can be used to predict LULC in years that were not included in its training dataset, allowing generalization to past and future periods, e.g. to predict land cover for years prior to 2000 and beyond 2020. The generated land cover time-series data stack (ODSE-LULC), including the training points, is publicly available via the Open Data Science (ODS)-Europe Viewer.</p", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Spatiotemporal", "QH301-705.5", "Data Mining and Machine Learning", "Urbanization", "Uncertainty", "Spatial analysis", "R", "Environmental monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Europe", "Big data", "Machine learning", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biology (General)", "Landsat", "Ensemble", "Land use/land cover", "Environmental Monitoring", "Probability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-561383/v1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PeerJ", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-561383/v1", "name": "item", "description": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-561383/v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21203/rs.3.rs-561383/v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-17", "title": "FLOWERED-GEODBAPP: AN APPLICATION BASED ON CROWD-GENERATING DATA USING SENTINEL2 IMAGERY", "description": "<p>Abstract. This study is part of the EU H2020 research Project FLOWERED (de-FLuoridation technologies for imprOving quality of WatEr and agRo-animal products along the East African Rift Valley in the context of aDaptation to climate change). FLOWERED project aims to develop technologies and methodologies at cross-boundary catchment scales to manage the risks associated with high Fluoride water supply in Africa, focusing on three representative test areas along the African Rift Valley (i.e. Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), characterized by high fluoride contents in waters and soils, water scarcity, overexploitation of groundwater and high vulnerability to risks arising from climate change, as drought and desertification. It also is empowering local communities to take responsibility for the integrated-sustainability of the natural resources, growing national and international environmental priorities, enhancing transboundary cooperation and promoting local ownership based on a scientific and technological approach.  Within the FLOWERED project, the transition from the land cover to the land use and water use maps is provided through the development of a mobile application (FLOWERED-GeoDBapp ). It is dedicated to the collection of local geo-information on land use, water uses, irrigation systems, household features, use of drinking water and the other information needful for the specific knowledge of water supply involving local communities through participative approach. This system is structured to be populated, through an action of crowd-generating data by local communities (students and people involved mainly by NGOs). The SHAREGEODBapp is proposed as an innovative tool for water management and agriculture institutions at regional and local level.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Land cover", " ESA Sentinel", " Crowd-generating data", " Rift Valley", " Fluoride", "T", "0207 environmental engineering", "1. No poverty", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "TA1501-1820", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Applied optics. Photonics", "TA1-2040", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/219983/1/FOSS4G-EU_2017_paper_31%20%283%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W2/121/2017/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Archives%20of%20the%20Photogrammetry%2C%20Remote%20Sensing%20and%20Spatial%20Information%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W2-121-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ijgi10020102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-23", "title": "Machine Learning-Based Processing Proof-of-Concept Pipeline for Semi-Automatic Sentinel-2 Imagery Download, Cloudiness Filtering, Classifications, and Updates of Open Land Use/Land Cover Datasets", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Land use and land cover are continuously changing in today\u2019s world. Both domains, therefore, have to rely on updates of external information sources from which the relevant land use/land cover (classification) is extracted. Satellite images are frequent candidates due to their temporal and spatial resolution. On the contrary, the extraction of relevant land use/land cover information is demanding in terms of knowledge base and time. The presented approach offers a proof-of-concept machine-learning pipeline that takes care of the entire complex process in the following manner. The relevant Sentinel-2 images are obtained through the pipeline. Later, cloud masking is performed, including the linear interpolation of merged-feature time frames. Subsequently, four-dimensional arrays are created with all potential training data to become a basis for estimators from the scikit-learn library; the LightGBM estimator is then used. Finally, the classified content is applied to the open land use and open land cover databases. The verification of the provided experiment was conducted against detailed cadastral data, to which Shannon\u2019s entropy was applied since the number of cadaster information classes was naturally consistent. The experiment showed a good overall accuracy (OA) of 85.9%. It yielded a classified land use/land cover map of the study area consisting of 7188 km2 in the southern part of the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. The developed proof-of-concept machine-learning pipeline is replicable to any other area of interest so far as the requirements for input data are met.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Geography (General)", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "land use", "cloud masking", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "satellite imagery", "machine learning", "land cover", "Sentinel 2", "machine learning; land use; land cover; satellite imagery; Sentinel 2; image classification; cloud masking; LightGBM estimator", "G1-922", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LightGBM estimator", "image classification"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/102/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/102/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISPRS%20International%20Journal%20of%20Geo-Information", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ijgi10020102", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ijgi10020102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ijgi10020102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11091552", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "An Advanced Open Land Use Database as a Resource to Address Destination Earth Challenges", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Land-use and land-cover (LULC) themes are important for many domains, especially when they process environmental and socio-economic phenomena. The evolution of a land-use database called Open Land Use (OLU) started in 2013 and was continued by adapting many user requirements. The goal of this study was to design a new version of the OLU database that would better fit the gathered user requirements collected by projects using LULC data. A formal definition of the developed data model through Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams, a feature catalogue based on ISO 19110 and SQL scripts for setting up the OLU database, are the key achievements of the presented paper. The presented research provides a multi-scale open database of LULC information supporting the DestinE initiative to develop a very-high-precision digital model of the earth. The novel spatio-temporal thematic approach also lies in modular views of the OLU database.</p></article>", "keywords": ["dataset integration", "S", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "open data", "land use", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "open data; land use; land cover; dataset integration; multi-level data; temporal data", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "multi-level data", "land cover", "11. Sustainability", "temporal data", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/9/1552/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/9/1552/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091552"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11091552", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11091552", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11091552"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land14020216", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-21", "title": "Sub-Regional Biophysical and Monetary Evaluation of Ecosystem Services: An Experimental Spatial Planning Implementation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Preserving soil is crucial for addressing the key challenges of the new millennium, like climate change and biodiversity loss. Spatial planning plays a pivotal role in stopping soil consumption and degradation, thereby safeguarding soils that provide valuable ecosystem services. With the advent of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting by the UN, countries are developing a shared protocol for the biophysical and monetary quantification of ecosystem services. However, downscaling efforts are necessary and must be conditioned by the national context, policies, economic dynamics, and data availability. Therefore, this research proposes a soil quality assessment methodology based on its ecosystem value at the sub-regional level in northern Italy, building upon national guidelines. This study includes modeling and mapping outputs involving six ecosystem services through eight biophysical indicators and the monetary quantification of these services. Both assessments have been conducted over two time periods to highlight the impacts of land cover transformation.</p></article>", "keywords": ["S", "ecosystem quality", "Agriculture", "land planning; land cover changes; ecosystem quality; ecosystem accounting;", "ecosystem accounting", "land planning", "land cover changes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unibs.it/bitstream/11379/622368/1/86_Sub-Regional%20Biophysical%20and%20Monetary%20Evaluation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020216"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land14020216", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land14020216", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land14020216"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13173355", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-25", "title": "Reviewing the Potential of Sentinel-2 in Assessing the Drought", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This paper systematically reviews the potential of the Sentinel-2 (A and B) in assessing drought. Research findings, including the IPCC reports, highlighted the increasing trend in drought over the decades and the need for a better understanding and assessment of this phenomenon. Continuous monitoring of the Earth\u2019s surface is an efficient method for predicting and identifying the early warnings of drought, which enables us to prepare and plan the mitigation procedures. Considering the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics, the freely available Sentinel-2 data products are a promising option in this area of research, compared to Landsat and MODIS. This paper evaluates the recent developments in this field induced by the launch of Sentinel-2, as well as the comparison with other existing data products. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of Sentinel-2 in assessing drought through vegetation characteristics, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, surface water including wetland, and land use and land cover analysis. Furthermore, this review also addresses and compares various data fusion methods and downscaling methods applied to Sentinel-2 for retrieving the major bio-geophysical variables used in the analysis of drought. Additionally, the limitations of Sentinel-2 in its direct applicability to drought studies are also evaluated.</p></article>", "keywords": ["land use and land cover analysis", "vegetation response", "Sentinel-2; drought; soil moisture; evapotranspiration; vegetation response; surface water and wetland analysis; land use and land cover analysis", "Science", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "0207 environmental engineering", "drought", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "surface water and wetland analysis", "13. Climate action", "Sentinel-2; drought", "Sentinel-2", "soil moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/17/3355/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173355"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13173355", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13173355", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13173355"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs9070684", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-04", "title": "Multiple Regression Analysis for Unmixing of Surface Temperature Data in an Urban Environment", "description": "<p>Global climate change and increasing urbanization worldwide intensify the need for a better understanding of human heat stress dynamics in urban systems. During heat waves, which are expected to increase in number and intensity, the development of urban cool islands could be a lifesaver for many elderly and vulnerable people. The use of remote sensing data offers the unique possibility to study these dynamics with spatially distributed large datasets during all seasons of the year and including day and night-time analysis. For the city of Basel 32 high-quality Landsat 8 (L8) scenes are available since 2013, enabling comprehensive statistical analysis. Therefore, land surface temperature (LST) is calculated using L8 thermal infrared (TIR) imagery (stray light corrected) applying improved emissivity and atmospheric corrections. The data are combined with a land use/land cover (LULC) map and evaluated using administrative residential units. The observed dependence of LST on LULC is analyzed using a thermal unmixing approach based on a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, which allows for quantifying the gradual influence of different LULC types on the LST precisely. Seasonal variations due to different solar irradiance and vegetation cover indicate a higher dependence of LST on the LULC during the warmer summer months and an increasing influence of the topography and albedo during the colder seasons. Furthermore, the MLR analysis allows creating predicted LST images, which can be used to fill data gaps like in SLC-off Landsat 7 ETM+ data.</p>", "keywords": ["multiple linear regression", "Landsat 8", "land use/land cover", "Science", "atmospheric corrections", "Q", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "land surface temperature", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "LST analysis", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "land surface temperature; thermal infrared data; LST analysis; atmospheric corrections; land use/land cover; multiple linear regression; urban; Landsat 8", "thermal infrared data", "urban", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/684/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/7/684/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070684"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs9070684", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs9070684", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs9070684"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12729", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-11", "title": "Methodological proposal for the identification of marginal lands with remote sensing-derived products and ancillary data", "description": "<p>The concept of marginal land (ML) is dynamic and depends on various factors related to the environment, climate, scale,culture, and economic sector. The current methods for identifying ML are diverse, they employ multiple parameters andvariables derived from land use and land cover, and mostly reflect specific management purposes. A methodologicalapproach for the identification of marginal lands using remote sensing and ancillary data products and validated on samplesfrom four European countries (i.e., Germany, Spain, Greece, and Poland) is presented in this paper. The methodologyproposed combines land use and land cover data sets as excluding indicators (forest, croplands, protected areas,impervious areas, land-use change, water bodies, and permanent snow areas) and environmental constraints informationas marginality indicators: (i) physical soil properties, in terms of slope gradient, erosion, soil depth, soil texture, percentageof coarse soil texture fragments, etc.; (ii) climatic factors e.g. aridity index; (iii) chemical soil properties, including soil pH,cation exchange capacity, contaminants, and toxicity, among others. This provides a common vision of marginality thatintegrates a multidisciplinary approach. To determine the ML, we first analyzed the excluding indicators used to delimit theareas with defined land use. Then, thresholds were determined for each marginality indicator through which the landproductivity progressively decreases. Finally, the marginality indicator layers were combined in Google Earth Engine. Theresult was categorized into 3 levels of productivity of ML: high productivity, low productivity, and potentially unsuitable land.The results obtained indicate that the percentage of marginal land per country is 11.64% in Germany, 19.96% in Spain,18.76% in Greece, and 7.18% in Poland. The overall accuracies obtained per country were 60.61% for Germany, 88.87%for Spain, 71.52% for Greece, and 90.97% for Poland.</p>", "keywords": ["Cartography", "Land cover", "Cultural Heritage", "Cobertura de suelo", "3D Modelling", "11. Sustainability", "Teledetecci\u00f3n", "Environmental applications", "Uso de suelo", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth observation", "Tierra abandonada", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "GIS", "SIG", "Geophysics", "Idle land", "13. Climate action", "Degradaci\u00f3n del suelo", "Land use", "Land degradation", "land use", " land cover", " idle land", " land degradation", " GIS", " remote sensing", " Google Earth Engine", "Geocomputing", "Google Earth Engine", "Geodesy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12729"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20-%203rd%20Congress%20in%20Geomatics%20Engineering%20-%20CIGeo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12729", "name": "item", "description": "10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12729", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12729"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:54Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Spatial variation and linkages of soil and vegetation in the Siberian Arctic tundra \u2013 coupling field observations with remote sensing data", "description": "unspecifiedPlant, soil and remote  sensing attributes of a Siberian Arctic sitePlant and soil data of  study plots were collected in the field in summer 2014. NDVI and  topographical attributes were later extracted from three satellite images,  portraying the field site and vegetation in three different years at 180,  220 and 750 DD (growing degree days with 0 C threshold). Plant species  presence (1 in data) and absence (0 in data) in study plots is available  for dicotyledonous vascular plants. Land cover types are based on  ground-based visual judgement.Mikola et al.  2018_Biogeosciences.xlsx", "keywords": ["Vascular plant", "Satellite image", "soil temperature", "reflectance", "Permafrost", "spatial variation", "Spatial extrapolation", "Salix", "15. Life on land", "Betula nana", "moss", "Ecosystem carbon exchange", "LAI", "Sphagnum", "Carex", "Eriophorum", "13. Climate action", "Land cover type"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikola, Juha, Virtanen, Tarmo, Linkosalmi, Maiju, V\u00e4h\u00e4, Emmi, Nyman, Johanna, Postanogova, Olga, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Aleksi, Kotze, D. Johan, Laurila, Tuomas, Juutinen, Sari, Kondratyev, Vladimir, Aurela, Mika,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8382j4r"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8382j4r", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8382j4r"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.h781v", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: The microbially-mediated soil organic carbon loss under degenerative succession in an alpine meadow", "description": "unspecifiedMicrobial community and  network of meadow alpine soil by Illumina sequencingThe Qinghai-Tibet  Plateau is the highest and the largest low-latitude plateau in the world,  and also it is an extremely sensitive region to the impact of global  warming and environmental changes. The alpine meadow, widely distributed  on the Tibetan Plateau, occupies over 40% of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau  area and plays a critical role in regional sustainable development,  biodiversity and water resource conservation. The alpine meadow also was a  large soil organic-carbon pool.In recently decades, succession and  degradation were gradually occurring between different alpine meadow  types, such as alpine meadow might appear in the alpine steppe meadow  region according to years of field investigation which could be the  consequences of the climate warming and anthropogenic activities. The aims  of our study were to determine the effect of degenerated succession from  alpine meadow (AM) to alpine steppe meadow (ASM) on soil organic carbon  and soil microbial community structure.The archived files included one OTU  table generated from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, as well as the  input and output files for the network analyses.Dryad data  deposit.7z", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "16S rDNA sequencing", "ecological function", "13. Climate action", "soil microbes", "Microbial community", "15. Life on land", "Land Cover Change", "6. Clean water", "Metagenomic analysis", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang, Yuguang, Liu, Xiao, Cong, Jing, Lu, Hui, Sheng, Yuyu, Wang, Xiulei, Li, Diqiang, Liu, Xueduan, Yin, Huaqun, Zhou, Jizhong, Deng, Ye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h781v"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.h781v", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.h781v", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.h781v"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-10", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon  on global croplands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier\u00a02 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30\u2009cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6\u2009GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975\u20132010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5\u2009GtC (0.14\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) to around 39.6\u2009GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1\u2009GtC fewer (0.06\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement \u2013 also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["570", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "agricultural management", "crop production", "SEQUESTRATION", "551", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN-CYCLE", "QH301", "Life", "land cover", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "soil carbon", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "EMISSIONS", "CROPS", "QH540-549.5", "global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "INTENSIFICATION", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "CLIMATE", "COVER CHANGE", "agricultural land", "13. Climate action", "trajectory", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5125/2022/bg-19-5125-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-20", "title": "Multidecadal Change In Streamflow Associated With Anthropogenic Disturbances In The Tropical Andes", "description": "<p>Abstract. Andean headwater catchments are an important source of freshwater for downstream water users. However, few long-term studies exist on the relative importance of climate change and direct anthropogenic perturbations on flow regimes in these catchments. In this paper, we assess change in streamflow based on long time series of hydrometeorological data (1974\uffe2\uff80\uff932008) and land cover reconstructions (1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) in the Pangor catchment (282 km2) located in the tropical Andes. Three main land cover change trajectories can be distinguished during the period 1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009: (1) expansion of agricultural land by an area equal to 14 % of the catchment area (or 39 km2) in 46 years' time, (2) deforestation of native forests by 11 % (or \uffe2\uff88\uff9231 km2) corresponding to a mean rate of 67 ha yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and (3) afforestation with exotic species in recent years by about 5 % (or 15 km2). Over the time period 1963\uffe2\uff80\uff932009, about 50 % of the 64 km2 of native forests was cleared and converted to agricultural land. Given the strong temporal variability of precipitation and streamflow data related to El Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation, we use empirical mode decomposition techniques to detrend the time series. The long-term increasing trend in rainfall is remarkably different from the observed changes in streamflow, which exhibit a decreasing trend. Hence, observed changes in streamflow are not the result of long-term change in precipitation but very likely result from anthropogenic disturbances associated with land cover change.                     </p>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Period (music)", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Urban Flooding", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "Oceanography", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "land-use change", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Water Science and Technology", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Physics", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Programming language", "Hydrological Modeling and Water Resource Management", "Physical Sciences", "Cartography", "Land cover", "1443", "Hydrometeorology", "Drainage basin", "0207 environmental engineering", "Streamflow", "Environmental science", "G", "Global Flood Risk Assessment and Management", "Meteorology", "Afforestation", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Land use", " land-use change and forestry", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Acoustics", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "Deforestation (computer science)", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Global Drought Monitoring and Assessment", "Land use"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\u2009km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\u2009km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\u20132018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\u20132018). The field was seeded for the 2014\u20132015 (S1), 2016\u20132017 (S2) and 2017\u20132018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\u20132016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \u03b1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \u03b1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\u223c\u20090.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-2019-105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932018). The field was seeded for the 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015 (S1), 2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932017 (S2) and 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\uffe2\uff80\uff932016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \uffce\uffb1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \uffce\uffb1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff890.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\uffe2\uff80\uff89W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\uffe2\uff80\uff89W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.                         </p>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10417013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:25Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Definition of scenarios on the bases of trends in relevant drivers - EJP Soil SERENA Deliverable 1.4", "description": "unspecifiedDisclaimer:The data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that:  - It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.  - Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy and prior knowledge of the technical choices made.  - It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance in relation to the intended purpose of reuse.  - These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data.  Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Horizon 2020", "climate change", "land cover", "scenarios", "land management", "land use", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend", "soil threats", "SERENA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10417013"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10417013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10417013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10417013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10417014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:25Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Definition of scenarios on the bases of trends in relevant drivers - EJP Soil SERENA Deliverable 1.4", "description": "Open AccessDisclaimer:The data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that:  - It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.  - Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy and prior knowledge of the technical choices made.  - It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance in relation to the intended purpose of reuse.  - These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data.  Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Horizon 2020", "climate change", "land cover", "scenarios", "land management", "land use", "Soil Science", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend", "soil threats", "SERENA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10417014"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10417014", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10417014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10417014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.11188379", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:39Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Paired Vegetation and Soil Burn Severity Metrics and Associated Climate, Weather, Topographical, and Land Cover Attributes", "description": "unspecifiedThis dataset pairs differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and soil burn severity (SBS) for 254 large (>400 ha in size) fires across the western US. Dataset also includes climate, weather, topography, physical and chemical soil characteristics, and land cover attributes of each burned pixel at the time of fire. This effort provided a table of 16.3 million burned pixels and their associated characteristics including dNBR, SBS, and 94 biological and physical covariates. After removing correlated features, the final data includes 18 fire covariates namely: dNBR, elevation, slope, aspect, land cover type, wind speed, energy release component, vapor pressure deficit, annual precipitation, and annual average daily max temperature, as well as the clay, sand and silt content of the soil and volumetric fraction of coarse fragments and soil organic carbon content. We also included spatial coherence metrices for dNBR, including DVAR, SHADE and SAVG. This data is provided as CSV files in Xtrain, Xvalidation, Xtest, as well as Ytrain, Yvalidation, and Ytest; in which X files (model input) provide all features except for SBS and Y files (model output) include SBS. We also provided this data for an additional 16 large fires across the western US ('Extra Test' folder, including Dataset \u2013 X file \u2013 and Label \u2013 Y file). Finally, the trained XGBoost model to translate dNBR to SBS using the associated features is also provided in this folder.", "keywords": ["Remote Sensing", "Soil Burn Severity Metrics", "13. Climate action", "Vegetation Burn Severity", "Climate", "DEM", "15. Life on land", "Wildfire", "Sentinel-2", "Fire", "Land Cover", "Weather", "Landsat"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Seydi, Seyd Teymoor", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11188379"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.11188379", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.11188379", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.11188379"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13834642", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:50Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Definition of scenarios on the basis of trends in relevant drivers- EJP Soil SERENA Deliverable 1.4 version 2.0", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "climate change", "land cover", "scenarios", "H2020", "land management", "land use", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend", "soil threats", "SERENA", "stakeholders"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, Mernagh, Orlaith, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13834642"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13834642", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13834642", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13834642"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13983195", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:53Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA Task 1.4 \u2013 Definition of scenarios - Survey results", "description": "Open AccessDisclaimer:The data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that:  - It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.  - Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy and prior knowledge of the technical choices made.  - It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance in relation to the intended purpose of reuse.  - These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data.  Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Task1.4", "scenarios", "H2020", "land management", "land use", "WP1", "soil threats", "Grant n. 862695", "SERENA", "stakeholders", "climate change", "land cover", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, Mernagh, Orlaith, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13983195"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13983195", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13983195", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13983195"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13982875", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:53Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA Task 1.4 \u2013 Definition of scenarios - Survey results", "description": "Open AccessDisclaimer:The data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that:  - It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.  - Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy and prior knowledge of the technical choices made.  - It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance in relation to the intended purpose of reuse.  - These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data.  Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Task1.4", "scenarios", "H2020", "land management", "land use", "WP1", "soil threats", "Grant n. 862695", "SERENA", "stakeholders", "climate change", "land cover", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, Mernagh, Orlaith, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13982875"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13982875", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13982875", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13982875"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13983574", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:53Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Stakeholders' collaboration in defining scenarios relating to agricultural soils, on the basis of trends in relevant drivers", "description": "Open AccessDisclaimer:The data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that:  - It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.  - Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy and prior knowledge of the technical choices made.  - It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance in relation to the intended purpose of reuse.  - These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data.  Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", "Task 1.4", "scenarios", "H2020", "land management", "land use", "WP1", "Grant n. 862695", "soil threats", "SERENA", "stakeholders", "climate change", "land cover", "soil-based ecosystem services", "population trend"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Smiraglia, Daniela, Assennato, Francesca, Foldal, Cecilie, Asins-Velis, Sabina, Astover, Alar, Fioramonti, Veronica, Kukk, Liia, Mernagh, Orlaith, O'Sullivan, Lilian, Riitano, Nicola, Stefanova, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13983574"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13983574", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13983574", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13983574"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14037350", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Indicators-based economic evaluation of soil policies", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project\u00a0SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant\u00a0stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at\u00a0the regional, national, and European scales  This reports investigates soil organic carbon (SOC) response to land-use changes (LUC)across Europe by integrating field data from the LUCAS survey with satellite-basedCorine Land Cover (CLC) data. Employing a dynamic approach, we observe thatSOC accumulation following conversions from cropland to grassland or forest is gradual(10\u201320 years) yet substantial, whereas SOC losses due to conversions to cropland aremore immediate (63% occurs within the first 1.5 years). We provide country-specificemission factors that enhance the precision of national greenhouse gas inventories. Ouranalysis of SOC changes since 1990 reveals significantly greater carbon sequestrationcompared to current national greenhouse gas inventory. These findings illustrate theneed for region-specific parameters to estimate SOC changes and provide a ready-madesolution for EU member states to comply with the LULUCF regulation on this aspect.", "keywords": ["Europe", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "SERENA project' 'EJPSOIL'; 'Grant n 862695'; D4.2/ WP4 /Task 4.2", "Corine land cover", "Soil carbon", "LUCAS Soil", "Land-use and land-cover change", "SERENA project' 'EJPSOIL'; 'Grant\u00a0 n 862695'; D4.2/ WP4 /Task 4.2"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ay, Jean-Sauveur, Bellassen, Valentin, Diao, Liang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14037350"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14037350", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14037350", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14037350"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14773242", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:11Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Covariate datasets used to predict soil property distribution in EJP Soil mapping", "description": "These datasets were prepared within the scope of the EJP SOIL programme. The datasets are extracted from different sources, clipped and reprojected to EPSG:3035. The sources are listed in the table below. The datasets were used as environmental layers to prodict soil property distribution (soil maps) at National and continental level within the EJP SOIL programme.\u00a0  Dataset sources:     Copernicus Climate Data Store https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means?tab=overview   RESOLVE Biodiversity and Wildlife Solutions https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/   Copernicus Land Monitoring Service https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-1-sar/   European Union/ESA/Copernicus https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-1-sar/   GLiM - Global Lithological Map https://www.geo.uni-hamburg.de/en/geologie/forschung/aquatische-geochemie/glim.html", "keywords": ["Europe", "Soil sciences", "Land cover", "Lithology", "Altitude", "Solar radiation", "Temperature", "Atmospheric precipitation", "Surface runoff"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Poggio, Laura", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14773242"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14773242", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14773242", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14773242"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.2529721", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:44Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil organic carbon stock (0\u201330 cm) in kg/m2 time-series 2001\u20132015 based on the land cover changes", "description": "Open Access{'references': ['Hengl, T., MacMillan, R.A., (2019). Predictive Soil Mapping with R. OpenGeoHub foundation, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 370 pages, www.soilmapper.org, ISBN: 978-0-359-30635-0.']}", "keywords": ["LandGIS", "land cover", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "soil carbon loss", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ichsani Wheeler, Hengl, Tomislav,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529721"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.2529721", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.2529721", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.2529721"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5509889", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-24", "title": "Reviewing the Potential of Sentinel-2 in Assessing the Drought", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This paper systematically reviews the potential of the Sentinel-2 (A and B) in assessing drought. Research findings, including the IPCC reports, highlighted the increasing trend in drought over the decades and the need for a better understanding and assessment of this phenomenon. Continuous monitoring of the Earth\u2019s surface is an efficient method for predicting and identifying the early warnings of drought, which enables us to prepare and plan the mitigation procedures. Considering the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics, the freely available Sentinel-2 data products are a promising option in this area of research, compared to Landsat and MODIS. This paper evaluates the recent developments in this field induced by the launch of Sentinel-2, as well as the comparison with other existing data products. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of Sentinel-2 in assessing drought through vegetation characteristics, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, surface water including wetland, and land use and land cover analysis. Furthermore, this review also addresses and compares various data fusion methods and downscaling methods applied to Sentinel-2 for retrieving the major bio-geophysical variables used in the analysis of drought. Additionally, the limitations of Sentinel-2 in its direct applicability to drought studies are also evaluated.</p></article>", "keywords": ["land use and land cover analysis", "vegetation response", "Sentinel-2; drought; soil moisture; evapotranspiration; vegetation response; surface water and wetland analysis; land use and land cover analysis", "Science", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "0207 environmental engineering", "drought", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "surface water and wetland analysis", "13. Climate action", "Sentinel-2; drought", "Sentinel-2", "soil moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/17/3355/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5509889"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5509889", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5509889", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5509889"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6484843", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:56Z", "type": "Software", "title": "OpenLandUse 2.0.0 data model", "description": "Open SourceDevelopment of OLU has received funding from the European Union's Competitiveness and innovation framework programme under grant agreement No. 621129 called 'Uptake of Open Geographic Information Through Innovative Services Based on Linked Data' (SDI4Apps). Development of OLU has received funding from the European Union's Competitiveness and innovation framework programme under grant agreement No. 621074 called 'Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe' (FOODIE).", "keywords": ["data model", "OpenLandUse", "land cover", "land use", "15. Life on land", "OLU", "database"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kepka, Michal, Ko\u017euch, Dmitrij, H\u00e1jek, Pavel, \u0158ezn\u00edk, Tom\u00e1\u0161, Charv\u00e1t, Karel, Chytr\u00fd, Jan, Mildorf, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484843"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6484843", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6484843", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6484843"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6484842", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:56Z", "type": "Software", "title": "OpenLandUse 2.0.0 data model", "description": "Open AccessDevelopment of OLU has received funding from the European Union's Competitiveness and innovation framework programme under grant agreement No. 621129 called 'Uptake of Open Geographic Information Through Innovative Services Based on Linked Data' (SDI4Apps). Development of OLU has received funding from the European Union's Competitiveness and innovation framework programme under grant agreement No. 621074 called 'Farm-Oriented Open Data in Europe' (FOODIE).", "keywords": ["data model", "OpenLandUse", "land cover", "land use", "15. Life on land", "OLU", "database"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kepka, Michal, Ko\u017euch, Dmitrij, H\u00e1jek, Pavel, \u0158ezn\u00edk, Tom\u00e1\u0161, Charv\u00e1t, Karel, Chytr\u00fd, Jan, Mildorf, Tom\u00e1\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6484842"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6484842", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6484842", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6484842"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7079708", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:03Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 for High-Resolution Land Cover Mapping in Sustainable Agriculture", "description": "Land cover mapping has become an increasingly important source of information in agriculture. Farmers use it for on-field decision-making, retailers and stock traders for planning and governments for making agricultural strategies and setting subsidy levels. Besides agricultural stakeholders, there are biologists and environmental scientists who use this kind of information for monitoring the quality of habitats.There are a number of optical EO satellites which offer images free of charge, with Sentinel-2, a part of ESA\u2019s Copernicus programme, and Landsat-8, launched by NASA and USGS, being the most popular ones. This work focused on their application in land cover mapping in northern Serbia. Using joint information from these satellites we improved the system in many aspects. Data fusion allowed us to have images from more dates available. In this way we decreased the risk of misclassification due to missing data caused by high cloud coverage. Also, it allowed us to train a more accurate classifier compared to those trained on individual satellites. Finally, the spatial resolution of resulting maps was higher than the resolution of input images. This is extremely important for the observed region which is mostly constituted of small fields, 400 x 60 m in average. The database included more than 3 billion pixels with around 200 features each, i.e. all image channels from key dates between January and September. Classifiers were trained to distinguish between following crops: maize, wheat, sunflower, sugar beet and soybean, as well as forest and water bodies. Random forest proved to be the best classification algorithm, in terms of accuracy, speed and ability to deal with missing data. In classification of forest and water bodies, accuracy of up to 97 - 98% was achieved even without data fusion. However, since crop classification is a more difficult problem, performances of Sentinel and Landsat based classifiers could not match the performance of the joint classifier. Data fusion increased the overall system accuracy through the increase of average accuracy over all classes, as well as through more equal distribution of accuracy values over categories, in addition to higher spatial resolution of final decisions. The most significant improvement was observed in soybean classification, where Sentinel, Landsat and joint classifiers achieved accuracies of 84%, 87%, 89%, respectively. Other crops, such as sugar beet and wheat, which could be accurately classified with Sentinel and Landsat, were not improved further. This work is a step towards next year\u2019s case, when besides these two satellites, Sentinel-2b will be available. It will cut the revisit time of Sentinels to only 6 days meaning that there will be even more data available and even better classification performance can be expected. The system developed in this research is intended to be a part of a broader geo service. This service would offer solutions customised for a vast variety of users, utilising the full potential of land cover mapping.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land cover mapping", " Sentinel-2", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Predrag Lugonja, Oskar Marko, Marko Pani\u0107, Branko Brklja\u010d, Sanja Brdar, Vladimir Crnojevi\u0107,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7079708"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7079708", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7079708", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7079708"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7079709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:03Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 for High-Resolution Land Cover Mapping in Sustainable Agriculture", "description": "Land cover mapping has become an increasingly important source of information in agriculture. Farmers use it for on-field decision-making, retailers and stock traders for planning and governments for making agricultural strategies and setting subsidy levels. Besides agricultural stakeholders, there are biologists and environmental scientists who use this kind of information for monitoring the quality of habitats.There are a number of optical EO satellites which offer images free of charge, with Sentinel-2, a part of ESA\u2019s Copernicus programme, and Landsat-8, launched by NASA and USGS, being the most popular ones. This work focused on their application in land cover mapping in northern Serbia. Using joint information from these satellites we improved the system in many aspects. Data fusion allowed us to have images from more dates available. In this way we decreased the risk of misclassification due to missing data caused by high cloud coverage. Also, it allowed us to train a more accurate classifier compared to those trained on individual satellites. Finally, the spatial resolution of resulting maps was higher than the resolution of input images. This is extremely important for the observed region which is mostly constituted of small fields, 400 x 60 m in average. The database included more than 3 billion pixels with around 200 features each, i.e. all image channels from key dates between January and September. Classifiers were trained to distinguish between following crops: maize, wheat, sunflower, sugar beet and soybean, as well as forest and water bodies. Random forest proved to be the best classification algorithm, in terms of accuracy, speed and ability to deal with missing data. In classification of forest and water bodies, accuracy of up to 97 - 98% was achieved even without data fusion. However, since crop classification is a more difficult problem, performances of Sentinel and Landsat based classifiers could not match the performance of the joint classifier. Data fusion increased the overall system accuracy through the increase of average accuracy over all classes, as well as through more equal distribution of accuracy values over categories, in addition to higher spatial resolution of final decisions. The most significant improvement was observed in soybean classification, where Sentinel, Landsat and joint classifiers achieved accuracies of 84%, 87%, 89%, respectively. Other crops, such as sugar beet and wheat, which could be accurately classified with Sentinel and Landsat, were not improved further. This work is a step towards next year\u2019s case, when besides these two satellites, Sentinel-2b will be available. It will cut the revisit time of Sentinels to only 6 days meaning that there will be even more data available and even better classification performance can be expected. The system developed in this research is intended to be a part of a broader geo service. This service would offer solutions customised for a vast variety of users, utilising the full potential of land cover mapping.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land cover mapping", " Sentinel-2", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lugonja, Predrag, Marko, Oskar, Pani\u0107, Marko, Brklja\u010d, Branko, Brdar, Sanja, Crnojevi\u0107, Vladimir,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7079709"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7079709", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7079709", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7079709"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7641616", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil organic carbon change data under human land-use changes", "description": "The dataset includes site observational data of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes that were used for the meta analysis of estimating the impacts of human-induced land use/land cover (LULC) change on SOC. The LULC types include agriculture (conventional tillage, animal plowing, shifting cultivation, and no-till), pasture, grazing (light, moderate, and heavy intensity), and secondary vegetation cover. Data include the sampling location, depth range of the sample, soil texture, clay content (if reported), the observed SOC change (in percentage, compared to a reference undisturbed site), and the data source.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "land use/land cover change", "Soil degradation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pei-Ling Wang, Johannes Feddema,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641616"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7641616", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7641616", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7641616"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8085685", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-23", "title": "Machine Learning-Based Processing Proof-of-Concept Pipeline for Semi-Automatic Sentinel-2 Imagery Download, Cloudiness Filtering, Classifications, and Updates of Open Land Use/Land Cover Datasets", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Land use and land cover are continuously changing in today\u2019s world. Both domains, therefore, have to rely on updates of external information sources from which the relevant land use/land cover (classification) is extracted. Satellite images are frequent candidates due to their temporal and spatial resolution. On the contrary, the extraction of relevant land use/land cover information is demanding in terms of knowledge base and time. The presented approach offers a proof-of-concept machine-learning pipeline that takes care of the entire complex process in the following manner. The relevant Sentinel-2 images are obtained through the pipeline. Later, cloud masking is performed, including the linear interpolation of merged-feature time frames. Subsequently, four-dimensional arrays are created with all potential training data to become a basis for estimators from the scikit-learn library; the LightGBM estimator is then used. Finally, the classified content is applied to the open land use and open land cover databases. The verification of the provided experiment was conducted against detailed cadastral data, to which Shannon\u2019s entropy was applied since the number of cadaster information classes was naturally consistent. The experiment showed a good overall accuracy (OA) of 85.9%. It yielded a classified land use/land cover map of the study area consisting of 7188 km2 in the southern part of the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. The developed proof-of-concept machine-learning pipeline is replicable to any other area of interest so far as the requirements for input data are met.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Geography (General)", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "land use", "cloud masking", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "satellite imagery", "machine learning", "land cover", "Sentinel 2", "machine learning; land use; land cover; satellite imagery; Sentinel 2; image classification; cloud masking; LightGBM estimator", "G1-922", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LightGBM estimator", "image classification"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/102/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/2/102/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8085685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISPRS%20International%20Journal%20of%20Geo-Information", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8085685", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8085685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8085685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\u2009km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\u2009km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\u20132018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\u20132018). The field was seeded for the 2014\u20132015 (S1), 2016\u20132017 (S2) and 2017\u20132018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\u20132016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \u03b1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \u03b1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\u223c\u20090.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/FA3ZJS", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:56Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2016-11-30", "title": "Pilot Project Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), Namibia: Establishment of a baseline for land degradation in the region of Otjozondjupa", "description": "Soil and vegetation data collected to develop LDN baselines in Otjozondjupa region of Namibia. 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Spatial planning plays a pivotal role in stopping soil consumption and degradation, thereby safeguarding soils that provide valuable ecosystem services. With the advent of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting by the UN, countries are developing a shared protocol for the biophysical and monetary quantification of ecosystem services. However, downscaling efforts are necessary and must be conditioned by the national context, policies, economic dynamics, and data availability. Therefore, this research proposes a soil quality assessment methodology based on its ecosystem value at the sub-regional level in northern Italy, building upon national guidelines. This study includes modeling and mapping outputs involving six ecosystem services through eight biophysical indicators and the monetary quantification of these services. Both assessments have been conducted over two time periods to highlight the impacts of land cover transformation.</p></article>", "keywords": ["S", "ecosystem quality", "Agriculture", "land planning; land cover changes; ecosystem quality; ecosystem accounting;", "ecosystem accounting", "land planning", "land cover changes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unibs.it/bitstream/11379/622368/1/86_Sub-Regional%20Biophysical%20and%20Monetary%20Evaluation.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11379/622368"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11379/622368", "name": "item", "description": "11379/622368", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11379/622368"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11380/1307595", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-12", "title": "Phytophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as indicators of changing landscapes", "description": "Spatial and temporal differences in landscape patterns are of considerable interest for understanding ecological processes. In this study, we assessed habitat quality by using the Syrph The Net database and data on decreasing species richness over a 25-year period for the two largest phytophagous hoverfly genera (Merodon and Cheilosia). Furthermore, within this time frame, we explored congruence between ecological responses (species richness and Biodiversity Maintenance Function for these two genera) and landscape structural changes through correlation analysis. Our results indicate that landscapes have experienced changes in aggregation, isolation/connectivity and landscape diversity, with these parameters being significantly correlated with Cheilosia species richness loss and habitat quality. We conclude that the genus Cheilosia is a good bioindicator that can highlight not only the current quality of an area but also temporal changes in landscape patterns.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "MODELS", "INSECTS", "DIVERSITY", "LAND COVER CHANGE", "Cheilosia", "Land cover change", "01 natural sciences", "BIOINDICATORS", "CONNECTIVITY", "RICHNESS", "FORESTS", "14. Life underwater", "Merodon", "Connectivity", "LAND-USE", "Landscape structure", "Bioindicators; Cheilosia; Connectivity; Insects; Land cover change; Landscape structure; Merodon; Species richness", "15. 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