Transitions towards more sustainable agricultural systems are often characterised by \uffe2\uff80\uff98lock-ins\uffe2\uff80\uff99, understood as self-reinforcing mechanisms that reproduce the status quo and impede change. While socioeconomic, technological and institutional lock-ins have been widely used to understand processes of sustainable transitions in agri-food systems, the role of so-called cognitive lock-ins is still under-investigated. In this study, we focus on how institutional settings create cognitive lock-ins in farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 decision-making related to the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. We apply goal framing for environmental behaviour and transition theory in explaining how socio-technical conditions may shape farmer\uffe2\uff80\uff99s decision-making. Empirically, we focus on the example of diversifying crop rotations with legumes as an established strategy to increase biodiversity and soil health, and reduce agrochemical use, emissions and pollution, which still remains rare in European agriculture. We use two cases in the Atlantic pedo-climatic region, Cornwall, UK, and Gelderland, Netherlands. Using in-depth interview data with farmers and extensive supplementary secondary data, we explore how context-specific socio-technical settings interact with farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 normative, gain-oriented and hedonic goal frames to shape the (un-)desirability of crop diversification with legumes. This creates conditions recognisable as cognitive lock-ins: the context of farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 decision-making creates cognitive processes that drastically reduce the perceived viability of alternative agricultural practices. Our findings in this case suggest the framework developed for this study may help to identify regionally specific, as well as common, barriers and solutions to crop diversification and comparable practices that are relevant to transitions towards sustainability in agri-food systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Goal framing", "330", "Lock-in", "05 social sciences", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Crop diversification", "0502 economics and business", "Sustainability transition \u00b7 Legumes \u00b7 Crop diversification \u00b7 Lock-in \u00b7 Goal framing", "Sustainability transition"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11625-022-01156-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01156-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11625-022-01156-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11625-022-01156-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11625-022-01156-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-009-0004-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-18", "title": "Responses Of Biomass To The Addition Of Water, Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Keerqin Sandy Grassland, Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "The effects of water, nitrogen and phosphorus on productivity of sandy grassland were investigated with a fully factorial experiment to find out the main factors limiting natural restoration of grassland productivity in the southeastern Keerqin sandy land. In total, eight treatments were designed as water addition (W), nitrogen fertilizer addition (N), phosphorus fertilizer addition (P), water + nitrogen fertilizer addition (WN), water + phosphorus fertilizer addition (WP), nitrogen fertilizer + phosphorus fertilizer addition (NP), water + nitrogen fertilizer + phosphorus fertilizer addition (WNP) and control (CK). Each treatment was replicated six times and randomly assigned to 48 plots (4 m \u00d7 4 m) that were separated by a 2-m buffer. Results show that restoration of productivity is only limited by nitrogen factor for sandy grassland of Keerqin sandy land and not limited by water and phosphorus. Relative to CK plots, the biomass and the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of all the plots added with nitrogen fertilizer were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in 2005 growing season. Grass root mass is dominant in underground biomass. The present study possibly underestimates net primary productivity of grassland in northern China, due to limitation of underground biomass measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "De-Hui Zeng, Zhan-Yuan Yu, Feng-qi Jiang, Qiong Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0004-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-009-0004-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-009-0004-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-009-0004-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11629-014-3035-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-29", "title": "Clipping Alters The Response Of Biomass Production To Experimental Warming: A Case Study In An Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau, China", "description": "Predicting how human activity will influence the response of alpine grasslands to future warming has many uncertainties. In this study, a field experiment with controlled warming and clipping was conducted in an alpine meadow at three elevations (4313 m, 4513 m and 4693 m) in Northern Tibet to test the hypothesis that clipping would alter warming effect on biomass production. Open top chambers (OTCs) were used to increase temperature since July, 2008 and the OTCs increased air temperature by approximately 0.9A degrees C similar to 1.8A degrees C during the growing in 2012. Clipping was conducted three times one year during growing season and the aboveground parts of all live plants were clipped to approximately 0.01 m in height using scissors since 2009. Gross primary production (GPP) was calculated from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP algorithm and aboveground plant production was estimated using the surface-measured normalized difference vegetation index in 2012. Warming decreased the GPP, aboveground biomass (AGB) and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) at all three elevations when clipping was not applied. In contrast, warming increased AGB at all three elevations, GPP at the two lower elevations and ANPP at the two higher elevations when clipping was applied. These findings show that clipping reduced the negative effect of warming on GPP, AGB and ANPP, suggesting that clipping may reduce the effect of climate warming on GPP, AGB and ANPP in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, and therefore, may be a viable strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change on grazing and animal husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xianzhou Zhang, Yun-Long Li, Zhenxi Shen, Nan Zhou, Pengwan Yang, Chengqun Yu, Gang Fu, Wei Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3035-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Mountain%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11629-014-3035-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11629-014-3035-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11629-014-3035-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11629-018-5131-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-18", "title": "Grazing Impact On Forage Quality And Macronutrient Content Of Rangelands In Qilian Mountains, Nw China", "description": "An important indicator of the rangeland health, associated with land degradation, is the ability of semi-natural rangelands to provide forage of sufficient quality for livestock production. In Qilian Mountains (Gansu Province, NW China) biomass production and forage quality are dependent on the seasonality of precipitation and temperature; most of the precipitation falls during summer season, when sheep, goats and yaks graze mountain rangelands. To sustain the rangelands and to improve the management strategies, the assessment of the forage quality should be implemented. The purpose of this research was to study the response of biomass, forage quality and macronutrient content different levels of grazing intensity in Qilian rangelands. We sampled aboveground biomass in the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013 within spring/autumn or summer grazing regimes in two altitudinal zones below and above 3000 m a.s.l. (montane-subalpine and subalpine-alpine respectively). In order to estimate forage quality, biomass was sampled in 1 m \u00d7 1 m plots, assigned to the center of 10 \u00d710 m sites, from which we collected different indicator parameters of rangeland health. Mineral and fiber content of forage biomass was estimated under different levels of grazing intensity with regard to the growing period. It was found that an increase in grazing intensity led to a decrease in dry matter weight. No linearity was observed in the relationship between nutritive value and grazing intensity. The highest fiber content (59.20 %) was found in plots mostly disturbed by grazing. The highest protein (16.30 %) and the lowest fiber (51.30 %) contents were associated with slightly grazing intensity. Concentrations of the mineral elements, such as Zn, P, K and S varied significantly and showed maximum values under low grazing intensity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5131-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Mountain%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11629-018-5131-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11629-018-5131-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11629-018-5131-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-008-0006-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-24", "title": "Temperature Dependence Of Nitrogen Mineralization And Microbial Status In Oh Horizon Of A Temperate Forest Ecosystem", "description": "It was hypothesized that increasing air and/or soil temperature would increase rates of microbial processes including litter decomposition and net N mineralization, resulting in greater sequestration of carbon and nitrogen in humus, and consequently development in OH horizon (humus horizon). To quantify the effect of temperature on biochemical processes controlling the rate of OH layer development three adjacent forest floors under beech, Norway spruce and mixed species stands were investigated at Solling forest, Germany by an incubation experiment of OH layer for three months. Comparing the fitted curves for temperature sensitivity of OH layers in relation to net N mineralization revealed positive correlation across all sites. For the whole data set of all stands, a Q10 (temperature sensitivity index) value of 2.35\u20132.44 dependent on the measured units was found to be adequate for describing the temperature dependency of net N mineralization at experimental site. Species-specific differences of substrate quality did not result in changes in biochemical properties of OH horizon of the forest floors. Temperature elevation increased net N mineralization without significant changes in microbial status in the range of 1 to 15\u00b0C. A low Cmic/Corg (microbial carbon/organic carbon) ratio at 20\u00b0C indicated that the resource availability for decomposers has been restricted as reflected in significant decrease of microbial biomass.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-008-0006-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-008-0006-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-008-0006-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-008-0006-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11629-015-3733-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-19", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Microbial Communities In Two Contrasting Subalpine Forest Ecosystems, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China", "description": "Soil microbial communities are primarily regulated by environmental temperature. Our study investigated the effects of global warming on soil microbial community composition as measured via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and soil chemical characteristics in relation to soil depth in a dragon spruce plantation and a spruce-fir-dominated natural forestin the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Open-top chambers were utilized to increase the soil and air temperature. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers after a 4-year warming. Our results showed that the soil microbial community and the contents of TC (Total carbon), TN (Total nitrogen), NO (3) (-) , and NH (4) (+) responded differently to warming in the two contrasting forests, especially at the 0-10 cm soil depth. Warming increased soil microbial biomass at the 0-20 cm depth of soil in natural forest but reduced it at the 0-10 cm depth ofsoil in the plantation. In contrast, the TC and TN contents were reduced in most soil layers of a natural forest but increased in all of the soil layers of the plantation under warming conditions. This result suggested that the effects of warming on soil microbial community and soil C and N pools would differ according to soil depth and forest types; thus, the two contrasting forests would under go differing changes following the future climate warming in this region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Dandan, Li Yue-jiao, Zhao ChunZhang, Zhao ChunZhang, Liu Qing, Zhao Wen-qiang, Zhang Zi-Liang, Sun Di-di,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-015-3733-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Mountain%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11629-015-3733-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11629-015-3733-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11629-015-3733-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-007-0057-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-31", "title": "Effects Of Adding Water On Seasonal Variation Of Soil Nitrogen Availability Under Sandy Grasslands In Semi-Arid Region", "description": "Water is usally thought of a limiting factor for the restoration of semi-arid ecosystem. In the growing season of 2006, a study was conducted to determine the effects of modeling precipitation on seasonal patterns in concentrations of soil-available nitrogen and to describe the seasonal patterns in soil nitrogen availability and seasonal variation in the rates of net nitrogen mineralization of topsoil at Daqinggou ecological station in Keerqin sand lands, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Manipulation of water (80 mm) was designed to be added to experiment plots of sandy grasslands in dry season. Water addition (W) treatment and control (CK) treatment were separately taken in six replications and randomly assigned in 12 plots (4 m\u00d74 m for each) with 2-m buffers betweens. Results showed that the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization rate were not affected by adding water in sandy grassland of Keerqin sand lands. Net nitrogen mineralization rates ranged from 0.5 \u03bcg\u00b7\u03bcg\u22121\u00b7month\u22121 to 4 \u03bcg\u22121g\u22121\u00b7month\u22121. The highest values of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization occurred on October 15 in control plots. The seasonal changes of soil inorganic nitrogen contents exhibited \u201cV\u201d shape pattern that was related to seasonal patterns of soil ammonium-N (ascending trend) and nitrate-N transformation (descending trend).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qian Wei, Yu Zhan-yuan, Huang Xiao-xing, Ai Guiyan, Xu Da-yong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0057-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-007-0057-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-007-0057-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-007-0057-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-008-0007-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-24", "title": "Effects Of Freeze-Thaw On Soil Nitrogen And Phosphorus Availability At The Keerqin Sandy Lands, China", "description": "A laboratory simulated freeze-thaw was conducted to determine the effects of freeze-thaw on soil nutrient availability in temperate semi-arid regions. Soil samples were collected from sandy soils (0\u201320 cm) of three typical ecosystems (grassland, Mongolian pine plantation and poplar plantation) in southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands of China and subjected to freeze-thaw treatment (\u221212\u00b0C for 10 days, then 20\u00b0C for 10 days) or incubated at constant temperature (20\u00b0C for 20 days). Concentrations of the soil NO3 \u2212-N, NH4 +-N, NaHCO3 extractable inorganic P (LPi) and microbial biomass P (MBP) were determined on three occasions: at the start of the incubation, immediate post-thawing and at the 10th day post-thawing. The results showed that soil net nitrification and N mineralization rates at three sites were negatively affected by freeze-thaw treatment, and decreased by 50%\u201385% as compared to the control, of which the greatest decline occurred in the soil collected from poplar plantation. In contrast, the concentration of soil NH4 +-N, NaHCO3 extractable inorganic P (LPi) and microbial biomass P were insignificantly influenced by freeze-thaw except that LPi and NH4 +-N showed a slight increase immediate post-thawing. The effects of freeze-thaw on soil N transformation were related to soil biological processes and the relatively constant available P was ascribed to severe soil aridity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qiong Zhao, Zhiping Fan, De-Hui Zeng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-008-0007-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-008-0007-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-008-0007-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-008-0007-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-013-0417-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-08", "title": "Comparative Field Performance Of Some Agricultural Crops Under A Canopy Of Populus Deltoides And Ulmus Wallichiana", "description": "The performance of maize, beans and sunflower was evaluated under a canopy of Populus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana at Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura. The germination, growth and yield of the three test crops were suppressed under both tree species. The reduction, however, decreased when the cultivation of test crops was continued for three years. The inhibition potential generally is in the order of P. deltoides U. wallichiana for beans. Available soil N, P and K increased under the canopy of the selected tree species. The soils under U. wallichiana were more fertile than those under P. deltoides. Chromatographic investigation of extracts showed that the soils under P. deltoides and U. wallichiana differed in their composition of phenolic acids and phenolic glycocides. Except for caffic acid, all other allelochemicals disappeared and were no longer recovered in soil samples obtained after the second or third year of cultivation. Tree-crop compatibility can be explored in greater detail for improved management of traditional agro-ecosystems in Kashmir to increase the overall productivity of the land.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-013-0417-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-013-0417-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-013-0417-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-013-0417-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage By Switchgrass Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5\u00b1 0.7 Mg C ha \u22121 over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO2 ha \u22121 year \u22121 ), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from \u22120.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitor- ing sites in major agro-ecoregions.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Plant Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Perennial biofeedstocks", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark A., Schmer, Marty R., Vogel, Kenneth P., Mitchell, Robert B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-015-0086-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-19", "title": "Vertical Distribution Characteristics Of Soil Organic Carbon Content In Caohai Wetland Ecosystem Of Guizhou Plateau, China", "description": "We selected four kinds of land use types from Caohai wetlands of Guizhou plateau (a total number of 32 soil profiles) to study the distribution characteristics of organic carbon content in soil. With different ways of land use, the organic carbon content of soil profiles and organic carbon density show the tendency of decreasing firstly and then increasing from top to bottom. With the increase of depth, the vertical difference becomes smaller first and then starts increasing. Land reclamation reduces the soil organic carbon content and density, changing its distribution structure in topsoil. The average content of organic carbon in Caohai wetlands are as follows: lake bed silt\u00a0>\u00a0marsh wetland\u00a0>\u00a0farmland\u00a0>\u00a0woodland, the average organic carbon content of lake bed silt, marsh wetland, farmland and woodland are 16.40, 2.94, 1.81 and 1.08\u00a0%, respectively. Land reclamation reduces the organic carbon content of soil, therefore the conversion of cultivated lands to wetlands and the increase of forest coverage will help to fix the organic carbon in soil and increase its reserves.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fengyou Wang, Yunjie Wu, Yunjie Wu, Sixi Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0086-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-015-0086-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-015-0086-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-015-0086-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-017-0430-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-20", "title": "Effects Of Continuous Nitrogen Addition On Microbial Properties And Soil Organic Matter In A Larix Gmelinii Plantation In China", "description": "Continuous increases in anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition are likely to change soil microbial properties, and ultimately to affect soil carbon (C) storage. Temperate plantation forests play key roles in C sequestration, yet mechanisms underlying the influences of N deposition on soil organic matter accumulation are poorly understood. This study assessed the effect of N addition on soil microbial properties and soil organic matter distribution in a larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation. In a 9-year experiment in the plantation, N was applied at 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0a\u22121 to study the effects on soil C and N mineralization, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and C and N in soil organic matter density fractions, and organic matter chemistry. The results showed that N addition had no influence on C and N contents in whole soil. However, soil C in different fractions responded to N addition differently. Soil C in light fractions did not change with N addition, while soil C in heavy fractions increased significantly. These results suggested that more soil C in heavy fractions was stabilized in the N-treated soils. However, microbial biomass C and N and phenol oxidase activity decreased in the N-treated soils and thus soil C increased in heavy fractions. Although N addition reduced microbial biomass and phenol oxidase activity, it had little effect on soil C mineralization, hydrolytic enzyme activities, \u03b413C value in soil and C\u2013H stretch, carboxylates and amides, and C\u2013O stretch in soil organic matter chemistry measured by Fourier transform infrared spectra. We conclude that N addition (1) altered microbial biomass and activity without affecting soil C in light fractions and (2) resulted in an increase in soil C in heavy fractions and that this increase was controlled by phenol oxidase activity and soil N availability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0430-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-017-0430-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-017-0430-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-017-0430-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11738-014-1724-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "title": "Physiological Responses Of Abies Faxoniana Populations From Different Elevations To Increased Co2 And N Application", "description": "The altitude-related responses to the increased application of CO2, N, and their combination were investigated in two Abies faxoniana populations, which originated from a subalpine coniferous forest at elevations of 2,580 and 3,200\u00a0m using closed-top chambers. The two contrasting populations were subjected to two CO2 regimes (350 and 700\u00a0\u00b5mol\u00a0mol\u22121) and two N levels (0 and 5\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). Their net photosynthetic rate, non-structural carbohydrate concentration, and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) increased under elevated CO2. However, the increases detected in the high-elevation (HE) population were significantly greater than those found in the low-elevation (LE) population. Under elevated CO2 and N application, the maximal carboxylation rate (V cmax) increased in HE population, whereas no effects were found on V cmax in LE population. The C to N ratio decreased under N application in both populations. N application also induced the HE population to show greater increases in free amino acids, soluble proteins, N concentration, and PNUE than LE population. These results suggested that the population from HE was more sensitive to elevated CO2 and (or) N application than LE population. Results of this study provided valuable knowledge for predicting forest development under increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and (or) N deposition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1724-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Physiologiae%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11738-014-1724-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11738-014-1724-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11738-014-1724-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-010-0139-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-28", "title": "Changes Of Soil Labile Organic Carbon In Different Land Uses In Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province", "description": "In the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, the natural wetland is undergoing a rapid conversion into agricultural land, which has resulted in drastic ecological changes in the region. To investigate the effects of different land uses on soil labile organic carbon, soils of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland, Carex lasiocarpa wetland, dry farmland, paddy field, forest land and abandoned cultivated land were collected for measuring the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) and carbohydrate carbon (CHC). The results show that soil organic carbon contents follow the order: Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland>forest land>paddy field>dry farmland. The contents of MBC and DOC in Calamagrostis angustifolia and Carex lasiocarpa wetlands are significantly higher than those in other land use types. The contents of CHC and ROC are the highest in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland and the lowest in dry farmland. The contents of all the labile organic carbon increase along with the years of abandonment of cultivated land. The ratios of MBC, DOC and ROC to SOC also follow the order: Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland>forest land>paddy field>dry farmland, while the ratio of CHC to SOC is paddy field>forest field>Carex lasiocarpa wetland>Carex lasiocarpa wetland>dry farmland. When natural wetlands were cultivated, the activity of soil organic carbon tends to reduce in some extent due to the disappearance of heterotrophic environment and the reduction of vegetation residue. Thus, the abandonment of cultivated land is an effective way for restoring soil organic carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Gui-lan", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-010-0139-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-010-0139-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-010-0139-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-010-0139-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11676-015-0128-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-30", "title": "Effects Of Water And Nitrogen Addition On Vegetation Carbon Pools In A Semi-Arid Temperate Steppe", "description": "Global change will lead to increases in regional precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. We investigated the responses of vegetation carbon (C) pools to simulated precipitation and N deposition increases through field experiments in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The treatments included NH4NO3 addition at concentrations of 0 (CK), 5 (LN, low nitrogen), 10 (middle nitrogen, MN), and 20 (HN, high nitrogen) (g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0a\u22121) with and without water. After three consecutive years of treatment, from 2010 to 2012, water addition did not significantly change the size of the total vegetation C pools, but it significantly decreased the ratio of root:shoot (R:S) (P\u00a0=\u00a00.05) relative to controls. By contrast, N addition significantly increased the total vegetation C pools. The C pools in the LN, MN and HN treatments increased by 22, 39 and 44\u00a0%, respectively. MN produced the largest effect among the N concentrations, although differences between N-added treatments were not significant (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05). N addition significantly reduced the ratio of root:shoot (R:S) (P\u00a0=\u00a00.03). However, there were no significant interactive effects of water and N addition on the vegetation C pools.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yunshe Dong, Liangjie Sun, Liangjie Sun, Congcong Cao, Xinchao Liu, Zhongqing Yan, Qin Peng, Shufang Guo, Junqiang Jia, Yuchun Qi, Yunlong He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0128-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Forestry%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11676-015-0128-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11676-015-0128-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11676-015-0128-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11738-008-0217-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-16", "title": "Growth And Physiological Responses Of Picea Asperata Seedlings To Elevated Temperature And To Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "Picea asperata is a dominant species in the subalpine coniferous forests distributed in eastern edges of Tibetan Plateau and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The paper mainly identified the short-term influences of experimental warming, nitrogen fertilization, and their combination on growth and physiological performances of Picea asperata seedlings. These seedlings were subjected to two levels of temperature (ambient; infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (0; 25\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0a\u22121\u00a0N) for 6\u00a0months. We used a free air temperature increase of overhead infrared heater to raise both air and soil temperature by 2.1 and 2.6\u00b0C, respectively. The temperature increment induced an obvious enhancement in biomass accumulation and the maximum net photosynthetic rate, and decreased AOS and MDA level under ambient nitrogen conditions. Whereas, negative effects of experimental warming on growth and physiology was observed under nitrogen fertilization condition. On the other hand, nitrogen fertilization significantly improved plant growth in unwarmed plots, by stimulating total biomass, maximum net photosynthetic rate (A max), antioxidant compounds, as well as reducing the content of AOS and MDA. However, in warmed plots, nitrogen addition clearly decreased A max, antioxidant compounds, and induced higher accumulation of AOS and MDA. Obviously, the beneficial effects of sole nitrogen on growth and physiology of Picea asperata seedlings could not be magnified by artificial warming.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chunzhang Zhao, Qing Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0217-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Physiologiae%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11738-008-0217-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11738-008-0217-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11738-008-0217-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11738-012-1165-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-03", "title": "Regulated Deficit Irrigation In Different Phenological Stages Of Potted Geranium Plants: Water Consumption, Water Relations And Ornamental Quality", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2008-05258-C02-1-2, AGL 2011-30022-C02-01) and Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca (15356/PI/10).", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Evapotranspiration", "Hydraulic conductivity", "Water potential", "Water stress", "Osmotic adjustment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Gas exchange", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1165-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Physiologiae%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11738-012-1165-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11738-012-1165-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11738-012-1165-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-000-0013-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-28", "title": "Study On Fluxes Of Ch4 Emission From Paddy Fields In Changchun Area", "description": "Little has been done in measurement and research of the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields in Changchun area, Jilin Province, China before 1994. So the purpose of the study is to offer available regional data of CH4 emission flux and to discuss the factors which affect CH4 emission from paddy fields. Experimental paddy fields are chosen using TM pictures respectively in Xinlicheng (43\u00b049\u2032N, 125\u00b020\u2032E) of the Yitong River\u2019s and in Wanchang (43\u00b044\u203210\u2033N, 125\u00b053\u203211\u2033E) of the Yinma River\u2019s alluvial plain. The fluxes of CH4 emission from paddy fields are measured by the method of static chamber in Changchun area in 3 consecutive years. The research results show that the peak of CH4 emission from paddy fields occurs during the booting stage. The mean fluxes of CH4 emission are 7.056 mg/m(2 \u00b7 h) and 0.489 mg/(m2 \u00b7 h) in the paddy fields of flood and discontinuous irrigation respectively. The contrastive study holds that climate condition, the way of water management and fertilizer variation have significant influence on fluxes of CH4 emission from paddy fields. The difference of climatic conditions causes the interannual change of the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields. In general, the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields of flood irrigation is greater than that from paddy fields of discontinuous irrigation. To change the way of water management perhaps in an available way to reduce CH4 emission flux from paddy fields.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Min-hua Yan, Xuehui Ma, De-xuan Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-000-0013-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-000-0013-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-000-0013-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-000-0013-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-013-0606-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-03", "title": "Effects Of Tillage Management On Infiltration And Preferential Flow In A Black Soil, Northeast China", "description": "The impacts of no-tillage (NT) and moldboard plough (MP) managements on infiltration rate and preferential flow were characterized using a combined technique of double-ring device and dye tracer on a black soil (Mollisols) in Northeast China. The objective of this study is to evaluate how tillage practices enhance soil water infiltration and preferential flow in favor of soil erosion control in the study area. The steady infiltration rates under NT management are 1.6 and 2.1 times as high as those under MP management in the 6th and 8th years of the tillage management in place, while the infiltrated water amounts under NT management are 1.4 and 2.0 times as high as those under MP management, respectively. The depth of methylene blue penetrated into NT soil increases from 43 cm in the 6th year to 57 cm in the 8th year, which are 16 cm and 19 cm deeper than those in MP soil, respectively. The results of morphologic image show that more biological macro-pores occur in NT soil than in MP soil. These macro-pores play a key role in enhancing preferential flow in NT soil, which in turn promotes water infiltration through preferential pathways in NT soil. The results are helpful to policy-making in popularizing NT and have the implications for tillage management in regard to soil erosion control in black soil region of China.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhang Xiaoping, Liang Aizhen, Yang Xueming, Jia Shuxia, Chen Xuewen, Fan RuQin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0606-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-013-0606-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-013-0606-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-013-0606-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-014-0694-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-08", "title": "Effects Of Grazing Exclusion On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Storage In Semi-Arid Grassland In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known about the effect of these ecological restoration practices on soil carbon and nitrogen storage. In this study, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continued grazing and exclusion of livestock for six years due to a nationwide conservation program\u2014\u2018Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands (RGLG)\u2019 were examined in semi-arid Hulun Buir grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that removal of grazing for six years resulted in a significant recovery in vegetation with higher above and below-ground biomass, but a lower soil bulk density and pH value. After six years of grazing exclusion, soil organic C and total N storage increased by 13.9% and 17.1%, respectively, which could be partly explained by decreased loss and increased input of C and N to soil. The effects of grazing exclusion on soil C and N concentration and storage primarily occurred in the upper soil depths. The results indicate that removal of grazing pressure within the RGLG program was an effective restoration approach to control grassland degradation in this region. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the RGLG program and to improve the management strategies for grassland restoration in this area.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wu Xing, Liu Huifeng, Wang Dongbo, LI Zongshan, Fu Bojie, Liu Guohua, Lu Fei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-014-0694-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-014-0694-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-014-0694-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-014-0694-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-014-0706-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-08", "title": "Vegetation Traits And Soil Properties In Response To Utilization Patterns Of Grassland In Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human disturbance (e.g., grazing, mowing and fencing) triggered significant variation of biomass partitioning and carbon reallocation. Besides, there existed some differences of species diversity and soil fertility. To address these hypotheses of grassland with diverse utilization patterns in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, we sampled in situ about aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) to evaluate their biomass allocation. Species diversity and soil properties were also investigated. Subsequently, we discussed the relationship of species diversity with environmental conditions, using data collected from 23 sites during the ecological project period of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands (RGLG) program. The results were as follows: 1) both AGB and BGB were lower on grazing regime than those on fencing and mowing, but the ratio of root-to-shoot (R/S) was higher on grazing regime than the other two utilization patterns; 2) neither of evenness and Simpson Index was different significantly among all grassland utilization patterns in desert, typical, and meadow grassland at 0.05. In meadow grassland, species richness of fencing pattern was significantly higher than that of grazing pattern (p < 0.05); 3) both of soil organic carbon content and soil available phosphorous content were increased significantly on fencing pattern than grazing pattern (p < 0.05) in desert grassland, and mowing patterns increased the soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorous, soil available phosphorous, and soil total nitrogen) significantly compared with grazing patterns (p < 0.05) in typical grassland. However, there were no significant differences among utilization patterns in meadow grassland. In conclusion, both of AGB and BGB were increased significantly by fencing. Moreover, species diversity and soil nutrients can be promoted via mowing and fencing. This study suggested that implementation of Ecological Project played a positive role in sustainable grassland utilization of Hulun Buir City and a strong positive influence on the entire temperate grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-014-0706-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-014-0706-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-014-0706-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-014-0706-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-018-0939-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-13", "title": "Effect Of Wetland Reclamation On Soil Organic Carbon Stability In Peat Mire Soil Around Xingkai Lake In Northeast China", "description": "Closed AccessLa teneur et la densit\u00e9 du carbone organique du sol (COS) et des fractions de COS labiles et stables dans le sol de tourbi\u00e8re dans les zones humides, les champs de soja et les rizi\u00e8res r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es dans les zones humides autour du lac Xingkai dans le nord-est de la Chine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Des \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ues pour \u00e9tudier l'impact de la remise en \u00e9tat des zones humides pour la culture du soja et du riz sur la stabilit\u00e9 du SOC. Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, la teneur en COS et la densit\u00e9 dans la couche sup\u00e9rieure du sol de 0 \u00e0 30 cm ont diminu\u00e9, et la teneur en COS et la densit\u00e9 dans le champ de soja \u00e9taient plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que dans le champ de riz. La teneur et la densit\u00e9 des fractions de COS labiles ont \u00e9galement diminu\u00e9, et la densit\u00e9 des fractions de COS labiles et leurs rapports avec le COS dans les champs de soja \u00e9taient inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux observ\u00e9s dans les champs de paddy. Dans la couche de sol de 0 \u00e0 30 cm, les densit\u00e9s des fractions de COS labiles, \u00e0 savoir le carbone organique dissous (COD), le carbone de biomasse microbienne (MBC), le carbone facilement oxyd\u00e9 (roc) et le carbone facilement min\u00e9ralis\u00e9 (RMC), dans les champs de soja et de riz, se sont toutes r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles des zones humides de 34,00\u00a0% et 13,83\u00a0%, 51,74\u00a0% et 35,13\u00a0%, 62,24\u00a0% et 59,00\u00a0%, et 64,24\u00a0% et 17,86\u00a0%, respectivement. Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration, la densit\u00e9 de COS des micro-agr\u00e9gats (< 0,25 mm) en tant que fraction de COS stable et son rapport avec le COS dans les couches de sol de 0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320 et 20\u201330 cm ont augment\u00e9. La densit\u00e9 de COS des micro-agr\u00e9gats dans la couche de sol de 0 \u00e0 30 cm dans les champs de soja \u00e9tait de 50,83\u00a0% sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des rizi\u00e8res. En raison de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration, la densit\u00e9 de COS et la densit\u00e9 de fraction de COS labile ont diminu\u00e9, mais apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration, la plupart des COS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 stock\u00e9s sous une forme plus complexe et stable. La culture du soja est plus respectueuse de la r\u00e9sidence durable du COS dans les sols que la riziculture.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Paddy field", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Peat", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Land reclamation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Bulk density", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Wetland Restoration", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lili Huo, Yuanchun Zou, Xianguo Lyu, Zhongsheng Zhang, Xuehong Wang, Yingli An,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-018-0939-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-018-0939-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-018-0939-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-018-0939-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11829-011-9173-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-28", "title": "Drought Stress Affects Constitutive But Not Induced Herbivore Resistance In Apple Plants", "description": "Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 6 (2)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Spodoptera littoralis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Growth-differentiation balance hypothesis", "Climate change; Constitutive and induced defense; Growth-differentiation balance hypothesis; Malus domestica; Spodoptera littoralis", "03 medical and health sciences", "Malus domestica", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Constitutive and induced defense"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gutbrodt, Bettina, Dorn, Silvia, Mody, Karsten,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-011-9173-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arthropod-Plant%20Interactions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11829-011-9173-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11829-011-9173-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11829-011-9173-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-09", "title": "Utilisation Of A Coastal Grassland By Geese After Managed Re-Alignment", "description": "In this study we evaluate the effect of coastal re-alignment on the utilisation of coastal grasslands by staging geese. We assessed vegetation change and utilisation by geese using repeated mapping and regular dropping counts in both the restored marsh and adjacent reference sites. All measurements were started well before the actual re-alignment. In addition, we studied the effects of livestock grazing on vegetation and geese, using exclosures. The vegetation transformed from fresh grassland into salt-marsh vegetation. A relatively large proportion of the de-embanked area became covered with secondary pioneer vegetation, and the overall cover of potential food plants for geese declined. Goose utilisation had initially dropped to low levels, both in autumn and in spring, but it recovered to a level comparable to the reference marsh after ten years. Exclosure experiments revealed that livestock grazing prevented the establishment of closed swards of grass in the poorly drained lower area of the restored marsh, and thereby negatively affected goose utilisation of these areas during spring staging. Goose grazing in the restored marsh during spring showed a positive numerical response to grass cover found during the preceding growing season. (1) The value of restored salt marsh as foraging habitat for geese initially decreased after managed re-alignment but recovered after ten years. (2) Our findings support the idea that the value of foraging habitats depends largely on the cover of forage plants and that this can be manipulated by adjusting both grazing and drainage.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Dark-bellied Brent geese", "Barnacle geese", "Livestock grazing", "Salt-marsh restoration", "ENGLAND", "SALT-MARSH RESTORATION", "PATTERNS", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "TERM", "VEGETATION SUCCESSION", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Coastal%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-014-0697-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-08", "title": "Effects Of Grazing Exclusion On Plant Productivity And Soil Carbon, Nitrogen Storage In Alpine Meadows In Northern Tibet, China", "description": "Grazing exclusion is widely adopted in restoring degraded alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, its effectiveness remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of grazing exclusion on plant productivity, species diversity and soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) storage along a transect spanning from east to west of alpine meadows in northern Tibet, China. After six years of grazing exclusion, plant cover, aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), SOC and STN were increased, but species diversity indices declined. The enhancement of AGB and SOC caused by grazing exclusion was correlated positively with mean annual precipitation (MAP). Grazing exclusion led to remarkable biomass increase of sedge species, especially Kobresia pygmaea, whereas decrease of biomass in forbs and no obvious change in grass, leguminous and noxious species. Root biomass was concentrated in the near surface layer (10 cm) after grazing exclusion. The effects of grazing exclusion on SOC storage were confined to shallow soil layer in sites with lower MAP. It is indicated that grazing exclusion is an effective measure to increase forage production and enhance soil carbon sequestration in the studied region. The effect is more efficient in sites with higher precipitation. However, the results revealed a tradeoff between vegetation restoration and ecological biodiversity. Therefore, carbon pools recover more quickly than plant biodiversity in the alpine meadows. We suggest that grazing exclusion should be combined with other measures to reconcile grassland restoration and biodiversity conservation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-014-0697-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-014-0697-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-014-0697-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-014-0697-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-05", "title": "Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon in China: A meta-analysis", "description": "Vegetation restoration has been proposed as an effective method for increasing both plant biomass and soil carbon (C) stocks. In this study, 204 publications (733 observations) were analyzed, focusing on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) in China. The results showed that SOC was increased by 45.33%, 24.43%, 30.29% and 27.98% at soil depths of 0\u201320 cm, 20\u201340 cm, 40\u201360 cm and > 60 cm after vegetation restoration, respectively. Restoration from both cropland and non-cropland increased the SOC content. The conversion of non-cropland was more efficient in SOC accumulation than the conversion of cropland did, especially in > 40 cm layers. In addition, the conversion to planted forest led to greater SOC accumulation than that to other land use did. Conversion period and initial SOC content extended more influence on soil C accumulation as the main factors after vegetation restoration than temperature and precipitation did. The SOC content significantly increased with restoration period after long-term vegetation restoration (> 40 yr), indicating a large potential for further accumulation of carbon in the soil, which could mitigate climate change in the near future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "LI Zongshan, Wang Hao, Wang Meng, Ye Xin, Liu Guohua, Gong Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Geographical%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11829-012-9234-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Effects Of Drought, Temperature, Herbivory, And Genotype On Plant-Insect Interactions In Soybean (Glycine Max)", "description": "Climate change is predicted to cause continued increases in global temperatures, greater variability in precipitation and in some cases, more frequent insect pest outbreaks. Here we seek to understand how abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change can affect plant-herbivore interactions in a model crop species (soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by answering three questions: (1) Do the combined effects of abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change cause synergistic negative effects on plant biomass? (2) Can abiotic stress affect resistance of plants to insect herbivores? (3) Does genetic variation in plant traits modify a plant\u2019s response to stress? We performed three experiments in controlled growth environments using up to 51 soybean genotypes selected to vary in numerous traits associated with drought and resistance against pests (e.g., insect herbivores, nematodes, and pathogenic fungi), and up to 3 generalist-feeding herbivorous noctuid moth species (Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, and Spodoptera exigua) that commonly feed on soybean in North America. Drought and herbivory had the largest and the most consistent negative effects on plant performance, reducing the above- and below-ground biomass by 10-45 %, whereas increased temperature had little to no effect on plants. Drought also increased susceptibility to generalist noctuid herbivores, but these results varied dramatically in magnitude and direction among plant genotypes. Our experiments show that the effects of abiotic and biotic stress on soybean biomass were largely due to the additive effects of these stresses, and there exists substantial genetic variation in the soybean germplasm pool we studied that could be used as a source of parental stock in breeding new crops that can more effectively tolerate and resist the combined negative effects of insect herbivory and drought.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "Herbivore resistance", "630", "6. Clean water", "Legume", "03 medical and health sciences", "Pulsed stress hypothesis", "Plant defense", "13. Climate action", "Plant stress hypothesis", "Wilt avoidance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grinnan, Rose, Carter, Thomas E., Jr., Johnson, Marc T. J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-012-9234-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arthropod-Plant%20Interactions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11829-012-9234-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11829-012-9234-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11829-012-9234-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11852-015-0390-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-01", "title": "Salinization During Salt-Marsh Restoration After Managed Realignment", "description": "Salt marshes provide an important and unique habitat for plants and animals. To restore salt marshes, numerous coastal realignment projects have been carried out, but restored marshes often show persistent ecological differences from natural marshes. We evaluate the effects of elevation and marsh topography, which are in turn affected by drainage and livestock grazing, on soil salinity after de-embankment. Salinity in the topsoil was monitored during the first 10 years after de-embankment and compared with salinity in an adjacent reference marsh. Additionally, salinity at greater depths (down to 1.2 m below the marsh surface) was monitored during the first 4 years by measuring the electrical conductivity of the groundwater. Chloride concentration in the top soil strongly decreased with increasing elevation; however, it was not affected by marsh topography, i.e. distance to creek or breach. Chloride concentrations higher than 2 g Cl-/litre were found at elevations below 0.6 m + MHT. Salinization of the groundwater, however, took several years. At low marsh elevations, the salinity of the deep groundwater (at 1.2 m depth) increased slowly throughout the full 4-year period of monitoring but did not reach the level of seawater. Compared to the ungrazed treatment, the grazed treatment led to lower accretion rates, lower soil-moisture content and higher chloride content of soil moisture. The de-embankment of the agricultural grasslands resulted in a rapid increase of soil salinity, although deeper ground-water levels showed a much slower response. Elevation accounted for most of the variation in the salinization of the soil. Grazing may enhance salinity of the top soil.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Salinity", "ARGENTINA", "Ecology", "IMPACT", "WADDEN SEA", "HALOPHYTES", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "DISPERSAL", "Elevation", "SOIL-SALINITY", "Drainage", "VEGETATION", "Grazing management", "INUNDATION FREQUENCY", "ELEVATION", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "Nature and Landscape Conservation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roos M. Veenklaas, Peter Esselink, Jan P. Bakker, E.C. Koppenaal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0390-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Coastal%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11852-015-0390-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11852-015-0390-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11852-015-0390-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-07", "title": "Lightning Impacts on Global Forest and Carbon Dynamics: Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps", "description": "Lightning is a fundamental Earth system process that influences the world's major forest biomes and their carbon storage through two primary pathways. Lightning is the major cause of boreal forest fires, while lightning strikes kill patches of trees in tropical forests. We summarized the current understanding of these processes and identified knowledge gaps.", "keywords": ["carbon", "tropical", "Forests", "Lightning", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "forest", "Perspective", "boreal", "tree mortality", "Life Science", "lightning", "fire"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sander Veraverbeke, Thomas A. J. Janssen, Esther Brambleby, Matt Jones, Bianca Zoletto, Masha T. van der Sande,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/99058/1/Veraverbeke_etal_2025_GlobalChangeBiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70179"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.70179", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.70179", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.70179"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-30", "title": "An integrated method for calculating DEM-based RUSLE LS", "description": "The improvement of resolution of digital elevation models (DEMs) and the increasing application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) over large areas have created problems for the efficiency of calculating the LS factor for large data sets. The pretreatment for flat areas, flow accumulation, and slope-length calculation have traditionally been the most time-consuming steps. However, obtaining these features are generally usually considered as separate steps, and calculations still tend to be time-consuming. We developed an integrated method to improve the efficiency of calculating the LS factor. The calculation model contains algorithms for calculating flow direction, flow accumulation, slope length, and the LS factor. We used the Deterministic 8 method to develop flow-direction octrees (FDOTs), flat matrices (FMs) and first-in-first-out queues (FIFOQs) tracing the flow path. These data structures were much more time-efficient for calculating the slope length inside the flats, the flow accumulation, and the slope length linearly by traversing the FDOTs from their leaves to their roots, which can reduce the search scope and data swapping. We evaluated the accuracy and effectiveness of this integrated algorithm by calculating the LS factor for three areas of the Loess Plateau in China and SRTM DEM of China. The results indicated that this tool could substantially improve the efficiency of LS-factor calculations over large areas without reducing accuracy.", "keywords": ["Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE)", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "0101 mathematics", "Geographic information system (GIS)", "01 natural sciences", "LS factor"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Meng, Baartman, Jantiene E.M., Zhang, Hongming, Yang, Qinke, Li, Shuqin, Yang, Jiangtao, Cai, Cheng, Wang, Meili, Ritsema, Coen J., Geissen, Violette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20Science%20Informatics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12145-018-0349-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-27", "title": "Evaluating Local Crop Residue Biomass Supply: Economic And Environmental Impacts", "description": "The increasing interest in energy production from biomass requires a better understanding of potential local production and environmental impacts. This information is needed by local producers, biomass industry, and other stakeholders, and for larger scale analyses. This study models biomass production decisions at the field level using a case example of a biomass gasification facility constructed at the University of Minnesota\u2014Morris (UMM). This institutional-scale application has an anticipated feedstock demand of about 8,000\u00a0Mg\u00a0year\u22121. The model includes spatial impacts due to sub-field variation in soil characteristics and transportation costs. Results show that the amount of biomass producers could profitably supply within a 32.2-km radius of UMM increases as plant-gate biomass price increases from $59 to $84\u00a0Mg\u22121, with 588,000\u00a0Mg annual biomass supply at $84\u00a0Mg\u22121. Results also show that the most profitable tillage and crop rotation practices shift in response to increasing biomass price with producers shifting from a corn-soybean rotation toward continuous corn. While biomass harvest is conducive to increased soil erosion rates and reduced soil organic carbon levels, changes in crop production practices are shown to at least partially offset these impacts. Transportation costs tend to concentrate and intensify biomass production near the biomass facility, which also tends to concentrate environmental impacts near the facility.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9178-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9215-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-11", "title": "Changes In Organic Carbon And Trace Elements In The Soil Of Willow Short-Rotation Coppice Plantations", "description": "Short rotation coppice (SRC) is a biomass production system for energy usually grown on former agricultural land with fast-growing tree species. In Sweden, willow SRC has been grown since the late 1980s. SRC on arable soils may induce changes in some soil quality parameters due to differences in crop characteristics and management practices. In this study, pH, organic carbon (C), and trace element concentrations in the soil of 14 long-term (10\u201320\u00a0years) commercial willow SRC fields in Sweden were compared with those in adjacent, conventionally managed arable soils. The results showed that organic C concentrations in the topsoil and subsoil of SRC fields were, on average, significantly higher (9\u00a0% in topsoil, 27\u00a0% in subsoil) than in the reference fields. When comparisons were made only for the ten sites where the reference field had a crop rotation dominated by cereal crops, the corresponding figures were 10\u00a0% and 22\u00a0%. The average concentration of cadmium (Cd), which is considered the most hazardous trace element for human health in the food chain, was 12\u00a0% lower in the topsoil of SRC fields than in the reference fields. In the corresponding comparison of subsoils, no such difference was found. For chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), there were no significant differences in concentrations between SRC fields and the reference fields in either topsoil or subsoil. Negligible differences in pH in the same comparisons were found.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9215-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9215-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9215-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9215-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12571-011-0112-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-18", "title": "Stress-Adapted Extremophiles Provide Energy Without Interference With Food Production", "description": "How to wean humanity off the use of fossil fuels continues to receive much attention but how to replace these fuels with renewable sources of energy has become a contentious field of debate as well as research, which often reflects economic and political factors rather than scientific good sense. It is clear that not every advertized energy source can lead to a sustainable, humane and environment-friendly path out of a future energy crisis. Our proposal is based on two assertions: that the use of food crops for biofuels is immoral, and that for this purpose using land suitable for growing crops productively is to be avoided. We advocate a focus on new 'extremophile' crops. These would either be wild species adapted to extreme environments which express genes, developmental processes and metabolic pathways that distin- guish them from traditional crops or existing crops genetically modified to withstand extreme environments. Such extrem- ophile energy crops (EECs), will be less susceptible to stresses in a changing global environment and provide higher yields than existing crops. Moreover, they will grow on land that has never been valuable for agriculture or is no longer so, owing to centuries or millennia of imprudent exploitation. Such a policy will contribute to striking a balance between ecosystem protection and human resource management. Beyond that, rather than bulk liquid fuel generation, combus- tion of various biomass sources including extremophiles for generating electrical energy, and photovoltaics-based capture of solar energy, are superbly suitable candidates for powering the world in the future. Generating electricity and efficient storage capacity is quite possibly the only way for a sustainable post-fossil and, indeed, post-biofuel fuel economy.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Abiotic stress tolerance", "15. Life on land", "Bioenergy generation", "Food or fuel", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Extremophiles", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Alternative crops"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0112-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Security", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12571-011-0112-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12571-011-0112-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12571-011-0112-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration By Switchgrass And No-Till Maize Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practi- ces had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg Cyear \ufffd1 (7.3 Mg CO2year \ufffd1 ) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC seques- tration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the mag- nitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Switchgrass . Maize", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "soil carbon . Soil organic carbon . Bioenergy . Sustainability . Carbon sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "630", "Maize", "Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil organic", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Follett, Ronald F., Vogel, Kenneth P., Varvel, Gary E., Mitchell, Robert B., Kimble, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9227-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-14", "title": "Biogas Production From Maize: Current State, Challenges And Prospects. 2. Agronomic And Environmental Aspects", "description": "Several European countries have expanded the traditional use of anaerobic digestion, i.e. waste treatment, to energy generation through attractive incentives. In some countries, it is further promoted by additional payments to generate biogas from biomass. This review aims to summarise agronomic aspects of methane production from maize, to address resulting abiotic environmental effects and to highlight challenges and prospects. The opportunities of biogas production are manifold, including the mitigation of climate change, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and diversification of farm income. Although the anaerobic digestion of animal manure is regarded as the most beneficial for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from manure storage, the energy output can be substantially enhanced by co-digesting manure and maize, which is the most efficient crop for substrate provision in many regions. Although first regarded as beneficial, the rush into biogas production strongly based on maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is being questioned in view of its environmental soundness. Main areas of concern comprise the spatial concentration of biogas plant together with the high amount of digestate and resulting pollution of surface and ground water, emission of climate-relevant gases and detrimental effects of maize cultivation on soil organic matter degradation. Key challenges that have been identified to enhance the sustainability of maize-based biogas production include (1) the design of regionally adapted maize rotations, (2) an improved management of biogas residues (BR), (3) the establishment of a more comprehensive data base for evaluating soil C fluxes in maize production as well as GHG emissions at the biogas plant and during BR storage and (4) the consideration of direct and indirect land use change impact of maize-based biogas production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Antje Herrmann", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9227-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9227-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9227-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9227-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-16", "title": "Crop Residue Mass Needed To Maintain Soil Organic Carbon Levels: Can It Be Determined?", "description": "Corn\u2019s (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential nonfood, herbaceous bioenergy feedstock. A vital aspect of utilizing stover for bioenergy production is to establish sustainable harvest criteria that avoid exacerbating soil erosion or degrading soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. Our goal is to empirically estimate the minimum residue return rate required to sustain SOC levels at numerous locations and to identify which macroscale factors affect empirical estimates. Minimum residue return rate is conceptually useful, but only if the study is of long enough duration and a relationship between the rate of residue returned and the change in SOC can be measured. About one third of the Corn Stover Regional Partnership team (Team) sites met these criteria with a minimum residue return rate of 3.9 \u00b1 2.18 Mg stover ha\u22121 yr\u22121, n = 6. Based on the Team and published corn-based data (n = 35), minimum residue return rate was 6.38 \u00b1 2.19 Mg stover ha\u22121 yr\u22121, while including data from other cropping systems (n = 49), the rate averaged 5.74 \u00b1 2.36 Mg residue ha\u22121 yr\u22121. In broad general terms, keeping about 6 Mg residue ha\u22121 yr\u22121 maybe a useful generic rate as a point of discussion; however, these analyses refute that a generic rate represents a universal target on which to base harvest recommendations at a given site. Empirical data are needed to calibrate, validate, and refine process-based models so that valid sustainable harvest rate guidelines are provided to producers, industry, and action agencies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Renewable energy", "330", "Second generation feedstock", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Sustainable", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-013-9402-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-20", "title": "Glucan Yield From Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Big Bluestem As Affected By Ecotype And Planting Location Along The Precipitation Gradient Of The Great Plains", "description": "Three big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) ecotypes from central Kansas (Cedar Bluffs (CDB) and Webster (WEB) populations), eastern Kansas (Konza (KON) and Top of the World (TOW) populations), and Illinois (12Mile (12M) and Fults (FUL) populations), as well as the Kaw cultivar, were harvested from four reciprocal garden planting locations (Colby, Hays, and Manhattan, KS, and Carbondale, IL) and used to study effects of ecotype and planting location on glucan content and glucan yield from enzymatic hydrolysis along the Great Plains precipitation gradient (\u223c1,200 to 400\u00a0mm mean annual precipitation). The populations varied widely in glucan content (31.8\u201336.5\u00a0%), mass recovery (52.0\u201359.7\u00a0%), and glucan recovery (79.0\u201387.50\u00a0%) after acid treatment, efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis (EEH) (84.6\u201388.9\u00a0%), and glucan mass yield (20.8\u201329.3\u00a0%). Planting location had significant effects on all variables evaluated\u00a0except EEH. Ecotype had significant effects on glucan recovery, EEH, and glucan mass yield. In addition, interaction between ecotype and planting location also had significant effects on glucan content and glucan mass yield after enzymatic hydrolysis. Planting location had a stronger influence than ecotype and interaction between location and ecotype. Total glucan mass yield of big bluestem (regardless of ecotype) increased as the Great Plains precipitation gradient increased from west to east. Annual precipitation, growing degree days, and potential evapotranspiration in 2010 accounted for 90, 85, and 78\u00a0% of the variation in glucan mass yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-014-9477-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-23", "title": "Sixteen-Year Biomass Yield And Soil Carbon Storage Of Giant Reed (Arundo Donax L.) Grown Under Variable Nitrogen Fertilization Rates", "description": "High and stable biomass yields for long periods (15\u201320\u00a0years) are indispensable for the successful establishment of a well-developed bioenergy sector. However, the effects of management practices, particularly nitrogen fertilization, on productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) are difficult to understand, especially when considering that continuous harvesting cycles may have cumulative effects on the crop and its resources use capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N fertilization levels on biomass production and SOC accumulation of giant reed over 16\u00a0years. Every year, starting from the second one, two N fertilization rates were applied: 80 (N80) and 160 (N160)\u2009kg N\u00a0ha\u22121. The control treatment (N0) was unfertilized. Nitrogen content and use capacity, and SOC gains were determined. Mean 16-year biomass yields were 16.2, 17.1, and 19.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the N0, N80, and N160 treatments, respectively. Variable yielding phases were observed in the N160 treatment with declining yields towards the last sampling season, whereas the N0 was characterized by increasing yields up to the fourth growing season; thereafter, declining yields were observed. Nitrogen concentration and removed N in the aboveground harvested biomass increased from N0 to N160 and as the stand become older. Mean total SOC stock gains were 1.0 and 0.6\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the N160 and N0 treatments, respectively. The largest SOC stocks were found in the topsoil, with the largest amount (12\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha\u22121 in 16\u00a0years) in the N160 treatment. In conclusion, long-term high N fertilization rates result in marginal increments in biomass productivity (about 3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121), but in substantial increments in SOC, especially in surface soil layers. A farmer might prefer to grow giant reed without the burdens of fertilization despite the seemingly benefits on SOC and lower yields of unfertilized plots.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bioenergy; Biomass; Long-term; Marginal land; Soil carbon; Yield; Agronomy and Crop Science; Energy (miscellaneous); Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/566392/6/566392.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-015-9685-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-014-9413-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-12", "title": "The Impact Of Corn Residue Removal On Soil Aggregates And Particulate Organic Matter", "description": "Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a biofuel feedstock is being considered. It is important to understand the implications of this practice when establishing removal guidelines to ensure the long-term sustainability of both the biofuel industry and soil health. Aboveground and belowground plant residues are the soil\u2019s main sources of organic materials that bind soil particles together into aggregates and increase soil carbon (C) storage. Serving to stabilize soil particles, soil organic matter (SOM) assists in supplying plant available nutrients, increases water holding capacity, and helps reduce soil erosion. Data obtained from three Corn Stover Regional Partnership sites (Brookings, SD; Morris, MN; and Ithaca, NE) were utilized to evaluate the impact of removing corn stover on soil physical properties, including dry aggregate size distribution (DASD), erodible fraction (EF), and SOM components. Each site consisted of a combination of three residue removal rates (low\u2014removal of grain only, intermediate\u2014approximately 50 % residue removal, and high\u2014maximum amount of residue removal). Results showed that the distribution of soil aggregates was less favorable for all three locations when residue was removed without the addition of other sources of organic matter such as cover crops. Additionally, we found that when residue was removed and the soil surface was less protected, there was an increase in the EF at all three research sites. There was a reduction in the EF for both the Brookings, SD, and Ithaca, NE sites when cover crops were incorporated or additional nitrogen (N) was added to the system. Amounts of SOM, fine particulate organic matter (fPOM), and total particulate organic matter (tPOM) consistently decreased as greater amounts of residue were removed from the soil surface. Across these three locations, the removal of crop residue from the soil surface had a negative impact on measured soil physical properties. The addition of a cover crop or additional N helped reduce this impact as measured through aggregate size distribution and EF and SOM components.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9413-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-014-9413-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-014-9413-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-014-9413-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-27", "title": "Sustainability Of Corn Stover Harvest Strategies In Pennsylvania", "description": "Pennsylvania farmers have a long history of harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover after grain harvest for animal bedding and feed or as a component of mushroom compost, or as silage for dairy cattle feed. With the shallow soils and rolling topography, soil erosion and carbon losses have been minimized through extensive use of cover crops, no-till, and organic matter additions from animal manure. Our objective was to determine the effect of harvesting corn stover as a feedstock for bioenergy production in continuous corn or corn\u2013soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations on corn grain and stover yields, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the potential for cover crops to mitigate negative impacts of stover harvest. Although there was not a significant effect of stover harvest on corn grain yields in continuous corn, stover harvest tended to increase yields in years with wet springs but decreased them in dry years. Under the corn soybean rotation, 100\u00a0% stover removal always resulted in lower grain yields. The harvest index (HI) varied from 0.45 to >0.6 over the 5-year period with the lowest HI values being in response to a late summer drought and highest values being associated with an early summer drought. In most cases, 60\u00a0% soil cover was maintained in fall and spring with 50\u00a0% harvest of corn stover. Without a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, surface residue for 100\u00a0% stover harvest ranged from 20 to 30\u00a0%, whereas it was greater than 40\u00a0% when rye was established promptly in the fall. Soil carbon was similar across stover removal levels, crop rotations, and cover crops, as were soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations, since nutrient removal by the grain and stover were replaced with fertilizer additions. Based on the crop yield, surface cover, and soil nutrient responses, partial stover removal could be sustainable under typical climate and management practices in Pennsylvania.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-015-9593-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Can Cover Crop Use Allow Increased Levels Of Corn Residue Removal For Biofuel In Irrigated And Rainfed Systems?", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal at high rates can result in negative impacts to soil ecosystem services. The use of cover crops could be a potential strategy to ameliorate any adverse effects of residue removal while allowing greater removal levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes in water erosion potential, soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentration, and crop yields under early- and late-terminated cover crop (CC) combined with five levels of corn residue removal after 3\u00a0years on rainfed and irrigated no-till continuous corn in Nebraska. Treatments were no CC, early- and late-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC, and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% corn residue removal rates. Complete residue removal reduced mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates (5\u00a0cm depth) by 29% compared to no removal at the rainfed site only, suggesting increased water erosion risk at rainfed sites. Late-terminated CC significantly increased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 27 to 37% at both sites compared to no CC, but early-terminated CC had no effect. The increased MWD with late-terminated CC suggests that CC when terminated late can offset residue removal-induced risks of water erosion. Residue removal and CC did not affect SOC and total soil N concentration. Particulate organic matter increased with late-terminated CC at the irrigated site compared to no CC. Complete residue removal increased irrigated grain yield by 9% in 1\u00a0year relative to no removal. Late-terminated CC had no effect on corn yield except in 1\u00a0year when yield was 8% lower relative to no CC due to low precipitation at corn establishment. Overall, late-terminated CC ameliorates residue removal-induced increases in water erosion potential and could allow greater levels of removal without reducing corn yields in most years, in the short term, under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["330", "Plant Biology", "Winter rye", "Horticulture", "Aggregate stability", "Mean weight diameter", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Agricultural Science", "Residue removal", "2. Zero hunger", "Late termination", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Early termination", "Corn yield", "Cover crop", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12237-010-9297-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-06", "title": "Evaluating Ecological Equivalence Of Created Marshes: Comparing Structural Indicators With Stable Isotope Indicators Of Blue Crab Trophic Support", "description": "This study sought to examine ecological equivalence of created marshes of different ages using traditional structural measures of equivalence, and tested a relatively novel approach using stable isotopes as a measure of functional equivalence. We compared soil properties, vegetation, nekton communities, and \u03b4 13C and \u03b4 15N isotope values of blue crab muscle and hepatopancreas tissue and primary producers at created (5\u201324\u00a0years old) and paired reference marshes in SW Louisiana. Paired contrasts indicated that created and reference marshes supported equivalent plant and nekton communities, but differed in soil characteristics. Stable isotope indicators examining blue crab food web support found that the older marshes (8\u00a0years+) were characterized by comparable trophic diversity and breadth compared to their reference marshes. Interpretation of results for the youngest site was confounded by the fact that the paired reference, which represented the desired end goal of restoration, contained a greater diversity of basal resources. Stable isotope techniques may give coastal managers an additional tool to assess functional equivalency of created marshes, as measured by trophic support, but may be limited to comparisons of marshes with similar vegetative communities and basal resources, or require the development of robust standardization techniques.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Megan K. La Peyre, Christopher Llewellyn,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9297-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries%20and%20Coasts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12237-010-9297-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12237-010-9297-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12237-010-9297-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12237-008-9037-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-19", "title": "Below- And Aboveground Biomass Of Spartina Alterniflora: Response To Nutrient Addition In A Louisiana Salt Marsh", "description": "The responses of Spartina alterniflora above- and belowground biomass to various combinations of N, P, and Fe were documented in a 1-year field experiment in a Louisiana salt marsh. Five levels of N additions to 0.25\u00a0m2 plots resulted in 18% to 138% more live aboveground biomass compared to the control plots and higher stem densities, but had no effect on the amount of live belowground biomass (roots and rhizomes; R&R). There was no change in the aboveground biomass when P or Fe was added as part of a factorial experiment of +P, +N, and +Fe additions, but there was a 40% to 60% decrease in the live belowground biomass, which reduced the average R&R:S ratio by 50%. The addition of various combinations of nutrients had a significant affect on the belowground biomass indicating that the addition of P, not N, eased the need for root foraging activity. The end-of-the-growing-season N:P molar ratios in the live above- and belowground tissues of the control plot was 16.4 and 32.7, respectively. The relative size of the belowground standing stocks of N and P was higher than in the aboveground live tissues, but shifted downwards to about half that in fertilized plots. We conclude that the aboveground biomass was directly related to N availability, but not P, and that the accumulation of belowground biomass was not limited by N. We suggest that the reduction in belowground biomass with increased P availability, and the lower absolute and relative belowground standing stocks of P as plant tissue N:P ratios increased, is related to competition with soil microbes for P. One implication for wetland management and restoration is that eutrophication may be detrimental to long-term salt marsh maintenance and development, especially in organic-rich wetland soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Faith A. Darby, R. Eugene Turner,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9037-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries%20and%20Coasts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12237-008-9037-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12237-008-9037-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12237-008-9037-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-13", "title": "Carbon Sequestration And Sediment Accretion In San Francisco Bay Tidal Wetlands", "description": "Tidal wetlands play an important role with respect to climate change because of both their sensitivity to sea-level rise and their ability to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Policy-based interest in carbon sequestration has increased recently, and wetland restoration projects have potential for carbon credits through soil carbon sequestration. We measured sediment accretion, mineral and organic matter accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates using 137Cs and 210Pb downcore distributions at six natural tidal wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Estuary. The accretion rates were, in general, 0.2\u20130.5\u00a0cm\u00a0year\u22121, indicating that local wetlands are keeping pace with recent rates of sea-level rise. Mineral accumulation rates were higher in salt marshes and at low-marsh stations within individual sites. The average carbon sequestration rate based on 210Pb dating was 79\u00a0g\u2009C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121, with slightly higher rates based on 137Cs dating. There was little difference in the sequestration rates among sites or across stations within sites, indicating that a single carbon sequestration rate could be used for crediting tidal wetland restoration projects within the Estuary.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries%20and%20Coasts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12237-017-0210-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-09", "title": "Deforested Mangroves Affect The Potential For Carbon Linkages Between Connected Ecosystems", "description": "Mangrove forests are important sinks and sources of carbon especially for connections to coral reefs and seagrass beds. However, they are increasing under threat from anthropogenic influences. We investigated correlations between carbon fluxes from the sediment and water column in deforested and intact mangroves. Our findings show that deforestation has a negative effect on sediment organic carbon storage and CO2 fluxes. However, species richness and density showed a positive correlation with sediment organic carbon storage and CO2 fluxes. An increased density of saplings showed a positive relationship with dissolved inorganic and organic carbon draining the mangrove forest at high tide. This research offers insights into the importance of the key forest characteristics influencing the storage and fluxes of carbon. Alterations in mangrove carbon stocks and retention may affect connected ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0210-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries%20and%20Coasts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12237-017-0210-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12237-017-0210-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12237-017-0210-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=life&offset=2100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=life&offset=2100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=life&offset=2050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=life&offset=2150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 13009, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:47:55.924901Z"}