{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-25", "title": "A Multi-Site Analysis Of Random Error In Tower-Based Measurements Of Carbon And Energy Fluxes", "description": "Measured surface-atmosphere fluxes of energy (sensible heat, H, and latent heat, LE) and CO2 (FCO2) represent the \u2018\u2018true\u2019\u2019 flux plus or minus potential random and systematic measurement errors. Here, we use data from seven sites in the AmeriFlux network, including five forested sites (two of which include \u2018\u2018tall tower\u2019\u2019 instrumentation), one grassland site, and one agricultural site, to conduct a cross-site analysis of random flux error. Quantification of this uncertainty is a prerequisite to model-data synthesis (data assimilation) and for defining confidence intervals on annual sums of net ecosystem exchange or making statistically valid comparisons between measurements and model predictions. We differenced paired observations (separated by exactly 24 h, under similar environmental conditions) to infer the characteristics of the random error in measured fluxes. Random flux error more closely follows a double-exponential (Laplace), rather than a normal (Gaussian), distribution, and increase as a linear function of the magnitude of the flux for all three scalar fluxes. Across sites, variation in the random error follows consistent and robust patterns in relation to environmental variables. For example, seasonal differences in the random error for H are small, in contrast to both LE and FCO2, for which the random errors are roughly three-fold larger at the peak of the growing season compared to the dormant season. Random errors also generally scale with Rn (H and LE) and PPFD (FCO2). For FCO2 (but not H or LE), the random error decreases with increasing wind speed. Data from two sites suggest that FCO2 random error may be slightly smaller when a closed-path, rather than open-path, gas analyzer is used.", "keywords": ["Random error", "Flux", "550", "carbon", "Uncertainty", "0207 environmental engineering", "AmeriFlux", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "flux", "Measurement error", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "Data assimilation", "eddy covariance", "Ameriflux", "uncertainty", "random error", "data assimilation", "measurement error", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-12", "title": "Regional topsoil organic carbon content in the agricultural soils of Slovakia and its drivers, as revealed by the most recent national soil monitoring data", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a primary constituent of soil organic matter and plays an important role in the regulation of many soil processes, including greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, SOC also became an indicator for monitoring climate change mitigation policies in the agricultural sector. The availability of up-to-date SOC inventories is thus crucial in terms of supporting SOC\u2013related actions at country or sub-country scales. Currently, the National Monitoring System of the Agricultural Soils of Slovakia (CMS-P), whose network of 318 monitoring sites was last surveyed in 2018, is the only available source of up-to-date topsoil SOC data for agricultural land in Slovakia. Although very useful at the national scale, the number of CMS-P observations it contains is too limited for much needed sub-national SOC inventories. We hypothesized that with the aid of well-chosen macro-scale drivers of topsoil SOC accumulation in agricultural land in Slovakia, and by mapping those drivers geographically, we could upscale the CMS-P observations and produce a regional estimate of topsoil SOC. Altitude, land cover, topsoil texture, and soil type were assumed to be the key factors controlling topsoil SOC accumulation in Slovakia, and based on these, the country was classified into 14 macro-scale geographical regions. Typical ranges and mid-class values of 0\u201330cm topsoil SOC concentrations (%) and stocks (t ha\u22121) were calculated for each macro-scale region from CMS-P data. The average topsoil SOC content in agricultural land was estimated to be 2.13% (72.9 t ha\u22121). The highest topsoil SOC stock (> 90 t ha\u22121) was estimated for the lowlands of Slovakia, and the lowest (< 50 t ha\u22121) for the shallow and stony soils of mountain regions. When aggregated to 78 administrative regions at LAU1 level, the area-weighted averages ranged between 39.20 t ha\u22121 and 80.0 t ha\u22121, with the highest values (> 65 t ha\u22121) being in LAU1 regions in the south-west, south-east, and north of Slovakia where arable land is most prevalent. Total SOC storage in 0\u201330cm topsoil of agricultural land in Slovakia was estimated at 118.39 Mt, with two-thirds of this amount stored in arable soils in 33 south-west, south-east, and south LAU1 administrative regions. As there is no alternative and up-to-date dataset on topsoil SOC content in Slovakia, the upscaling algorithm presented in this study is an important step toward utilizing CMS-P data for sub-national SOC inventories. It may also offer a new way of providing inputs to help predict future or alternative regional topsoil SOC accumulation trajectories in Slovakian agricultural land using process-based or statistical models.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Multiple soil classes", "Geographical regionalization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Upscaling of point measurements", "Soil organic carbon inventory", "11. Sustainability", "Soil indicators", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Soil organic carbon modelling", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/19278/1/1-s2.0-S2667010023001397-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Challenges", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.99, 52.98], [12.99, 53.15], [13.64, 53.15], [13.64, 52.98], [12.99, 52.98]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-02-05", "type": "Service", "created": "2023-11-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Data on soil respiration in a beech forest and a pine forest'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by the dataset 'Data on soil respiration in a beech forest and a pine forest''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "soil respiration", "soil air", "soil temperature", "soil water content", "Fagus sylvatica", "Pinus sylvestris", "measurement", "Soil", "soil respiration", "soil air", "soil temperature", "soil water content", "Fagus sylvatica", "Pinus sylvestris", "measurement", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Barnim", "Ostprignitz-Ruppin"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": "ROR", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Hubert Jochheim", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Hubert.jochheim@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Stephan Wirth", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "swirth@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Hubert Jochheim", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Hubert.jochheim@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-8047-4553", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Valentin Gartiser", "organization": "Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["researcher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "valentin.gartiser@stud.uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-5320-374X", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Martin Maier", "organization": "Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["researcher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "martin.maier@uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-7959-0108", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Dieter Sowa", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "position": null, "roles": ["dataCollector"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Annett.Stange@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil respiration"}, {"id": "soil air"}, {"id": "soil temperature"}, {"id": "soil water content"}, {"id": "Fagus sylvatica"}, {"id": "Pinus sylvestris"}, {"id": "measurement"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "soil respiration"}, {"id": "soil air"}, {"id": "soil temperature"}, {"id": "soil water content"}, {"id": "Fagus sylvatica"}, {"id": "Pinus sylvestris"}, {"id": "measurement"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Barnim"}, {"id": "Ostprignitz-Ruppin"}], "scheme": "individual"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_4731_both_sites/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "name": "item", "description": "0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0d41a483-52b2-464f-b526-3ae29e6ad089"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/rnc.4288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-07", "title": "Quantization effects and convergence properties of rigid formation control systems with quantized distance measurements", "description": "Summary

In this paper, we discuss quantization effects in rigid formation control systems when target formations are described by interagent distances. Because of practical sensing and measurement constraints, we consider in this paper distance measurements in their quantized forms. We show that under gradient\uffe2\uff80\uff90based formation control, in the case of uniform quantization, the distance errors converge locally to a bounded set whose size depends on the quantization error, while in the case of logarithmic quantization, all distance errors converge locally to zero. A special quantizer involving the signum function is then considered with which all agents can only measure coarse distances in terms of binary information. In this case, the formation converges locally to a target formation within a finite time. Lastly, we discuss the effect of asymmetric uniform quantization on rigid formation control.Determination of \uffce\uffb417O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13C16O16O on 12C17O16O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the \uffce\uffb417O value of CO2. In addition, \uffce\uffb413C measurements require correction for the interference from 12C17O16O on 13C16O16O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues.

Methods

We present a technique to determine the \uffce\uffb417O, \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method and the 17O\uffe2\uff80\uff90correction algorithm for \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uffb413C values, respectively.

Results

The scale contractions for \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb418O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uff9417O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89hours at the University of G\uffc3\uffb6ttingen. The \uffce\uff9417O measurements with the O\uffe2\uff80\uff90fragment method agree with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method over a range of \uffce\uff9417O values of \uffe2\uff88\uff920.3 to +0.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0.

Conclusions

Isotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.

", "keywords": ["550", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "O-17/O-16", "ANALYTICAL SYSTEM", "01 natural sciences", "O-2", "0104 chemical sciences", "O-17 CORRECTION", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "ABUNDANCE", "DELTA-O-17", "EXCHANGE", "DIOXIDE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116636", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-11", "title": "Exploitation of the SoilPRO\u00ae (SP) apparatus to measure soil surface reflectance in the field: Five case studies", "description": "The SoilPRO\u00ae (SP) is an assembly designed to acquire soil reflectance information in the field without disturbing the soil surface, and regardless of atmospheric and solar radiation conditions. This paper summarizes five case studies in which the SP assembly was used for different applications. The case studies consisted of: (1) generating surface spectral measurements under any atmospheric condition; (2) comparing the performance of the SP to the traditional bare fiber method for vicarious calibration of hyperspectral satellite sensors; (3) assessing water repellency of a soil surface governed by organic matter hydrophobicity; (4) spatial prediction of the rate of water infiltration into the soil profile as governed by the soil surface seal; and (5) using the SP apparatus to measure soil surface reflectance in South Shetland Island, Antartica under severe weather conditions. The case studies included calculation of spectral quality, prediction accuracy and measurement stability. The paper discusses each of the cases in detail and concludes that the SP (or similar assembly) is the best way to measure the reflectance of the original soil surface in the field. In the first case study, the spectrum collected by the SP under daily changing illumination was shown to be stable relative to the traditional measurement methods of contact probe or bare fiber. The second case study indicated that use of the SP for vicarious calibration is much more efficient (in terms of time and stability) than ground-truth practice over a large area, and in the third case study, the SP was able to assess a soil surface property governed by organic matter hydrophobicity better than the contact probe, which destroys the soil surface organic seal. A similar achievement was gained in the fourth case study, providing a better assessment of the water-infiltration rate into the soil. In the fifth case study, the SP demonstrated impressive high-quality acquisition of soil surface reflectance with a very low sun angle over the South Pole. Based on these case studies and the high quality of the data generated by the SP in the field, we suggest building, in parallel to the classical soil spectral libraries generated in the laboratory, field soil spectral libraries that will preserve the soil surface properties scanned in the field. We anticipate the development of more applications for the SP assembly based on the capabilities shown in this paper.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "ProbeField", "Field measurements", "Science", "Soil reflectance", "EJPSOIL", "Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "SoilPRO", "Soil surface properties", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116636"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116636", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116636", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116636"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-27", "title": "Multiple Measurements Constrain Estimates Of Net Carbon Exchange By A Eucalyptus Forest", "description": "Abstract Net ecosystem exchange of carbon ( F NEE ) was estimated for a temperate broadleaf, evergreen eucalypt forest ecosystem at Tumbarumba in south-eastern Australia to investigate the processes controlling forest carbon sinks and their response to climate. Measurements at a range of temporal and spatial scales were used to make three different estimates of F NEE based on: (1) the difference between fluxes of carbon input by photosynthesis and output by autotrophic plus heterotrophic respiration, (2) changes over time in the carbon pools in the above- and below-ground biomass, soil and litter, and (3) micrometeorological flux measurements that provide a continuous estimate of the net exchange. A rigorous comparison of aggregated component fluxes and the net eddy fluxes within a flux tower source area was achieved based on an inventory of the site and a detailed sampling strategy. Measurements replicated in space and time provided mean values, confidence limits and patterns of variation of carbon pools and fluxes that allowed comparisons within known limits of uncertainty. As a result of comparisons between nighttime eddy flux and chamber measurements of respiration, a revised micrometeorological method was developed for estimating nighttime carbon flux using flux tower measurements. Uncertainty in the final estimate of F NEE was reduced through mutual constraints of each of these measurement approaches. F NEE for the period October 2001\u2013September 2002, with average rainfall, was an uptake of 6.7 (5.1\u20138.3)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 estimated from component fluxes, and 5.4 (3.0\u20137.5)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 estimated from the revised eddy flux method. Biomass increment was 4.5 (3.7\u20135.4)\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 and the remaining 0.9\u20132.2\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 could represent a carbon sink in the soil and litter pools or lie within the confidence limits of the measured fluxes. F NEE was reduced to \u22120.1 to 2.4\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 during a period of drought and insect disturbance in October 2002\u2013September 2003, with biomass increment being the main component reduced. The forest is a large carbon sink compared with other forest ecosystems, but this is subject to high-annual variability in response to climate variability and disturbance.", "keywords": ["biosphere", "Ecosystem respiration", "net ecosystem exchange", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon budget", "carbon sinks", "evergreen forest", "forests and forestry", "Hexapoda Biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "measurement method", "estimation method", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Eucalyptus", "Australasia", "carbon", "Tumbarumba", "Carbon sinks", "Australia", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Keywords: carbon emission", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "New South Wales", "ecosystems", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51624/5/09_Keith_-_Multiple_measurements.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51624/7/01_Keith_Multiple_measurements_2009.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-17", "title": "Methane, Carbon Dioxide And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From A Temperate Salt Marsh: Grazing Management Does Not Alter Global Warming Potential", "description": "Soil greenhouse gas emissions from cattle grazed and un-grazed temperate upper salt marsh were measured using dark static chambers, monthly for one year. Below-ground gas sampling tubes were also used to measure soil methane (CH4) concentrations. CH4 efflux from grazed and un-grazed salt marsh did not differ significantly although grazing did lead to \u2018hotspots\u2019 of underground CH4 (up to 6% of total air volume) and CH4 efflux (peak of 9 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) significantly linked to high soil moisture content, low soil temperatures and the presence of Juncus gerardii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux was greater from the un-grazed marsh (mean of 420 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) than the grazed marsh (mean of 333 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) throughout most of the year and was positively correlated with the deeper water table and greater soil temperatures. Grazing was not a significant predictor of nitrous oxide (N2O) soil emissions. Global Warming Potential (GWP; over 100 years), calculated from mean yearly chamber fluxes for CH4 and CO2, did not differ significantly with grazing treatment. Seasonal variation in the key drivers of soil greenhouse gas efflux; soil temperature, moisture and water table, plus the presence or absence of aerenchymatous plants such as J. gerardii were more important to the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions than grazing management per se.", "keywords": ["chamber flux measurements", "salt marshes", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "Ribble estuary", "livestock grazing", "UK", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envc.2021.100204", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-06", "title": "Studying temporal variations of indoor radon as a vital step towards rational and harmonized international regulation", "description": "Regulations and measurement protocols for indoor radon testing differ between Europe and the US, with Europe implementing a reference level as opposed to the American two-step approach based on an action level. Moreover, none of the afore-mentioned regulatory approaches considers the temporal uncertainty of radon, a factor that usually significantly exceeds instrumental uncertainty. Discussed hereafter is the innovative principle of indoor radon regulation that considers both temporal and instrumental uncertainties. A quantitative relation between Action and Reference levels is being established for the first time. A statistical method for assessing the coefficient of temporal radon variation K(t) depending on the mode and duration of measurements is discussed. New data on the values of K(t) in hot climates and unstable geology typical for Israel are obtained. It is also shown that the influence of meteorological factors, tidal forces and seismic activity on the behavior of indoor radon does not improve the measurement protocol. It is concluded that building a statistically representative array of calculated coefficients of temporal radon variation K(t) with a large number (200\u2013300) of continuous annual indoor radon monitoring in different countries is a vital step towards establishing rational and harmonized international regulation.", "keywords": ["Temporal uncertainty", "Environmental sciences", "Indoor radon", "Reference level", "13. Climate action", "Annual monitoring", "Action level", "Measurement protocol", "GE1-350", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100204"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Challenges", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envc.2021.100204", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envc.2021.100204", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100204"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104175", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-09", "title": "Attitude toward environmental protection and toward nature: How do they shape consumer behaviour for a sustainable tomato?", "description": "Abstract Several research efforts have tried to explain the forces driving food-related decisions. In this article, we explore how individual attitude toward the environment could be a potential determinant of green behavior. This research offers an original methodological framework never adopted in the food consumption domain that is based on the contribution of Campbell Paradigm and the related advancements on attitude measures proposed by the environmental psychology literature. We also contribute to the literature by envisaging a two-dimensional environmental attitude, that distinguishes between attitude toward environmental protection and toward nature appreciation. The ultimate target is to explain consumer purchasing intentions, represented by Willingness to Pay, toward a hypothetical tomato with improved resource use efficiency taking into account consumer psycho-attitudinal propensity towards environmental issues. The analysis is conducted in Italy and in the UK, two countries characterized by different perceptions about tomato as a consumption good and about water related issues. Findings indicate that the two dimensions of consumer attitude affect differently the spending propensity for a sustainable tomato and these differences are also country-specific. The analysis suggests that policies aimed at promoting sustainable food products should also target the consumer type (naturalist or environmentalist) that is more sensible to environmental sustainability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "05 social sciences", "0501 psychology and cognitive sciences", "Environmental attitude measurement; Consumer behaviour; Discrete Choice Experiment; Campbell paradigm; Resilient tomato; Rasch model", "Campbell paradigm; Consumer behaviour; Discrete Choice Experiment; Environmental attitude measurement; Rasch model; Resilient tomato", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809368/2/Final%20revision.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104175"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Quality%20and%20Preference", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104175", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104175", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104175"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl. The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-27", "title": "Distributed optical fiber pressure sensors", "description": "

The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for many years. While single-point optical fiber pressure sensors have reached a solid level of technology maturity, showing to be very good candidates in replacing conventional electrical sensors due to their numerous advantages, distributed sensors are still a matter of an intense research activity aimed at determining the most proper and robust pressure-sensitivity enhancement mechanism. This paper reviews early and recent works on distributed pressure sensors, classifying the sensors according to the sensing mechanism. For each type of mechanism, the issues and potentials are analyzed and discussed.The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for many years. While single-point optical fiber pressure sensors have reached a solid level of technology maturity, showing to be very good candidates in replacing conventional electrical sensors due to their numerous advantages, distributed sensors are still a matter of an intense research activity aimed at determining the most proper and robust pressure-sensitivity enhancement mechanism. This paper reviews early and recent works on distributed pressure sensors, classifying the sensors according to the sensing mechanism. For each type of mechanism, the issues and potentials are analyzed and discussed.

", "keywords": ["engrXiv|Engineering|Other Engineering", "Engineering", "engrXiv|Engineering", "Optical fiber sensor", "bepress|Engineering", "0103 physical sciences", "Distributed optical fiber pressure sensor", "bepress|Engineering|Other Engineering", "Distributed optical fiber pressure sensor; Distributed optical fiber sensor; Optical fiber sensor; Pressure measurement", "Pressure measurement", "Other Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Distributed optical fiber sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Optical%20Fiber%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-17", "title": "Investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation induced reactive oxygen species production in microchannels via chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions", "description": "Hydrodynamic cavitation was evaluated for its reactive oxygen species production in several convergent-divergent microchannel at the transition from micro to milli scale. Channel widths and heights were systematically varied to study the influence of geometrical parameters at the transitory scale. A photomultiplier tube was used for time-resolved photon detection and monitoring of the chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions, allowing for a contactless and in situ quantization of reactive oxygen species production in the channels. The radical production rates at various flow parameters were evaluated, showing an optimal yield per flow rate exists in the observed geometrical range. While cavitation cloud shedding was the prevailing regime in this type of channels, the photon arrival time analysis allowed for an investigation of the cavitation structure dynamics and their contribution to the chemical yield, revealing that radical production is not linked to the synchronous cavitation cloud collapse events. Instead, individual bubble collapses occurring throughout the cloud formation were recognized to be the source of the reactive oxygen species.", "keywords": ["convergent-divergent channels", "kemoluminiscenca", "free radicals", "Free radicals", "Photon counting", "microscale cavitation", "kavitacija", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532.528", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Microscale cavitation", "cavitation cloud shedding", "kavitacija", " prosti radikali", " kemoluminiscenca", "photon counting", "Convergent-divergent channels", "[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Luminol chemiluminescence", "Cavitation cloud shedding", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532", "Luminescent Measurements", "Hydrodynamics", "luminol chemiluminescence", "cavitation cloud shedding", " free radicals", " photon counting", " microscale cavitation", " luminol chemiluminescence", " convergent-divergent channels", "Luminol", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "prosti radikali", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Elevated atmospheric CO2 has the potential to change below-ground nutrient cycling and thereby alter the soil-atmosphere exchange of biogenic trace gases. We measured fluxes of CH4 and N2O in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands grown in open-top chambers under ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations crossed with \u2018high\u2019 and low soil-N conditions.", "keywords": ["measurement-", "nitrous-oxide", "flux-", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "photosynthesis-", "Nutrition-", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-concentration", "stand-growth", "nitrogen-cycle", "michigan-", "methane-: flux-", "soil-", "nitrogen-", "Populus-tremuloides [aspen-] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "methane-production", "soil-fertility", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "populus-tremuloides", "cycling-", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Plantae-", "biological-activity-in-soil", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "gases-", "oxidation-", "forest-soils", "methane-", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "15. Life on land", "enzyme-activity", "gas-exchange", "nitrous-oxide: emission-", "soil-water", "13. Climate action", "denitrification-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil-bacteria", "Dicots-", "efflux-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004518730970"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004518730970"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-26", "title": "Fine Particle Emissions From Tropical Peat Fires Decrease Rapidly With Time Since Ignition", "description": "Abstract

Southeast Asia experiences frequent fires in fuel\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich tropical peatlands, leading to extreme episodes of regional haze with high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) impacting human health. In a study published recently, the first field measurements of PM2.5 emission factors for tropical peat fires showed larger emissions than from other fuel types. Here we report even higher PM2.5 emission factors, measured at newly ignited peat fires in Malaysia, suggesting that current estimates of fine particulate emissions from peat fires may be underestimated by a factor of 3 or more. In addition, we use both field and laboratory measurements of burning peat to provide the first mechanistic explanation for the high variability in PM2.5 emission factors, demonstrating that buildup of a surface ash layer causes the emissions of PM2.5 to decrease as the peat fire progresses. This finding implies that peat fires are more hazardous (in terms of aerosol emissions) when first ignited than when still burning many days later. Varying emission factors for PM2.5 also have implications for our ability to correctly model the climate and air quality impacts downwind of the peat fires. For modelers able to implement a time\uffe2\uff80\uff90varying emission factor, we recommend an emission factor for PM2.5 from newly ignited tropical peat fires of 58\uffc2\uffa0g of PM2.5 per kilogram of dry fuel consumed (g/kg), reducing exponentially at a rate of 9%/day. If the age of the fire is unknown or only a single value may be used, we recommend an average value of 24\uffc2\uffa0g/kg.

", "keywords": ["5", "550", "TRACE GASES", "PM2", "PM2.5", "Social and Behavioral Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY", "INDONESIA", "CARBON", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "11. Sustainability", "Medicine and Health Sciences", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "AUSTRALIAN VEGETATION FIRES", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "GE", "emissions", "AIR-POLLUTION", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "FIELD-MEASUREMENTS", "DERIVATION", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "PREMATURE MORTALITY", "peat", "FoR 0401 (Atmospheric Sciences)", "FoR 0502 (Environmental Science and Management)", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9303/1/Fine%20Particle%20Emissions%20From%20Tropical%20Peat%20Fires%20Decrease%20Rapidly%20With%20Time%20Since%20Ignition..pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr028752", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-17", "title": "Are Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration Models Reliable Across South American Ecoregions", "description": "Abstract

Many remote sensing\uffe2\uff80\uff90based evapotranspiration (RSBET) algorithms have been proposed in the past decades and evaluated using flux tower data, mainly over North America and Europe. Model evaluation across South America has been done locally or using only a single algorithm at a time. Here, we provide the first evaluation of multiple RSBET models, at a daily scale, across a wide variety of biomes, climate zones, and land uses in South America. We used meteorological data from 25 flux towers to force four RSBET models: Priestley\uffe2\uff80\uff93Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT\uffe2\uff80\uff90JPL), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), Penman\uffe2\uff80\uff93Monteith Mu model (PM\uffe2\uff80\uff90MOD), and Penman\uffe2\uff80\uff93Monteith Nagler model (PM\uffe2\uff80\uff90VI). was predicted satisfactorily by all four models, with correlations consistently higher () for GLEAM and PT\uffe2\uff80\uff90JPL, and PM\uffe2\uff80\uff90MOD and PM\uffe2\uff80\uff90VI presenting overall better responses in terms of percent bias (%). As for PM\uffe2\uff80\uff90VI, this outcome is expected, given that the model requires calibration with local data. Model skill seems to be unrelated to land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use but instead presented some dependency on biome and climate, with the models producing the best results for wet to moderately wet environments. Our findings show the suitability of individual models for a number of combinations of land cover types, biomes, and climates. At the same time, no model outperformed the others for all conditions, which emphasizes the need for adapting individual algorithms to take into account intrinsic characteristics of climates and ecosystems in South America.

", "keywords": ["ATMOSPHERE WATER FLUX", "550", "VEGETATION INDEX", "Penman-Monteith", "RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "SURFACE-TEMPERATURE", "01 natural sciences", "transpiration", "SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RAINFALL INTERCEPTION", "PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR", "WACMOS-ET PROJECT", "TRANSPIRATION", "15. Life on land", "EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS", "name=Water and Environmental Engineering", "MODIS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Priestley-Taylor", "PENMAN-MONTEITH", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/water_and_environmental_engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/101236/1/agujournaltemplateDinizetal.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020WR028752"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028752"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020wr028752", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020wr028752", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020wr028752"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/wf17084", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-21", "title": "Review of emissions from smouldering peat fires and their contribution to regional haze episodes", "description": "

Smouldering peat fires, the largest fires on Earth in terms of fuel consumption, are reported in six continents and are responsible for regional haze episodes. Haze is the large-scale accumulation of smoke at low altitudes in the atmosphere. It decreases air quality, disrupts transportation and causes health emergencies. Research on peat emissions and haze is modest at best and many key aspects remain poorly understood. Here, we compile an up-to-date inter-study of peat fire emission factors (EFs) found in the literature both from laboratory and from field studies. Tropical peat fires yield larger EFs for the prominent organic compounds than boreal and temperate peat fires, possibly due to the higher fuel carbon content (56.0 vs 44.2%). In contrast, tropical peat fires present slightly lower EFs for particulate matter with diameter \uffe2\uff89\uffa42.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffce\uffbcm (PM2.5) for unknown reasons but are probably related to combustion dynamics. An analysis of the modified combustion efficiency, a parameter widely used for determining the combustion regime of wildfires, shows it is partially misunderstood and highly sensitive to unknown field variables. This is the first review of the literature on smouldering peat emissions. Our integration of the existing literature allows the identification of existing gaps in knowledge and is expected to accelerate progress towards mitigation strategies.

", "keywords": ["emission factor", "550", "TRACE GASES", "CENTRAL KALIMANTAN", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY", "2015 EL-NINO", "CROP RESIDUE", "COMBUSTION", "11. Sustainability", "CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "0602 Ecology", "Forestry", "AIR-POLLUTION", "15. Life on land", "FIELD-MEASUREMENTS", "modified combustion efficiency", "FOREST-FIRES", "smoke", "13. Climate action", "FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY", "0705 Forestry Sciences", "wildfires", "0502 Environmental Science And Management", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS", "BROWN CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/WF/pdf/WF17084"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/wf17084"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/wf17084", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/wf17084", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/wf17084"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs12121917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-15", "title": "Prediction of Yield Productivity Zones from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A/B and Their Evaluation Using Farm Machinery Measurements", "description": "

Yield is one of the primary concerns for any farmer since it is a key to economic prosperity. Yield productivity zones\u2014that is to say, areas with the same yield level within fields over the long-term\u2014are a form of derived (predicted) data from periodic remote sensing, in this study according to the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The delineation of yield productivity zones can (a) increase economic prosperity and (b) reduce the environmental burden by employing site-specific crop management practices which implement advanced geospatial technologies that respect soil heterogeneity. This paper presents yield productivity zone identification and computing based on Sentinel-2A/B and Landsat 8 multispectral satellite data and also quantifies the success rate of yield prediction in comparison to the measured yield data. Yield data on spring barley, winter wheat, corn, and oilseed rape were measured with a spatial resolution of up to several meters directly by a CASE IH harvester in the field. The yield data were available from three plots in three years on the Rost\u011bnice Farm in the Czech Republic, with an overall acreage of 176 hectares. The presented yield productivity zones concept was found to be credible for the prediction of yield, including its geospatial variations.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "yield productivity zones", "precision agriculture", "Science", "Q", "Enhanced Vegetation Index", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "yield productivity zones; yield measurements; satellite images; precision agriculture; Enhanced Vegetation Index", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "yield measurements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "satellite images", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/1917/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/1917/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12121917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs12121917", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs12121917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs12121917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-24", "title": "Wheel rut measurements by forest machine-mounted LiDAR sensors \u2013 accuracy and potential for operational applications?", "description": "ABSTRACTSoil rutting caused by forest operations has negative economic and ecological effects and thus limits for rutting are set by forest laws and sustainability criteria. Extensive data on rut depths are necessary for post-harvest quality control and development of models that link environmental conditions to rut formation. This study explored the use of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor mounted on a forest harvester and forwarder to measure rut depths in real harvesting conditions in Southern Finland. LiDAR-derived rut depths were compared to manually measured rut depths. The results showed that at 10\u201320\u00a0m spatial resolution, the LiDAR method can provide unbiased estimates of rut depth with root mean square error (RMSE) < 3.5 cm compared to the manual rut depth measurements. The results suggest that a LiDAR sensor mounted on a forest vehicle can in future provide a viable method for the large-scale collection of rut depth data as part of normal forestry operations.", "keywords": ["forest trafficability", "ta113", "550", "forest machine instrumentation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "LIDAR sensor", "15. Life on land", "sensors", "ta4112", "rut measurement", "rut depth", "620"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/14942119.2018.1419677"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/jphotov.2019.2943706", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-23", "title": "Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization", "description": "

<div><div><div><div>The identification and prediction of the daily soiling profiles of a photovoltaic site is essential to plan the optimal cleaning schedule. In this article, we analyze and propose various methods to extract and generate photovoltaic soiling profiles, in order to improve the analysis and the forecast of the losses. New soiling rate extraction methods are proposed to reflect the seasonal variability of the soiling rates and, for this reason, are found to identify the most convenient cleaning day with the highest accuracy for the investigated sites. Also, we present an approach that could be used to predict future soiling losses through the implementation of stochastic weather generation algorithms whose ability to identify in advance the best cleaning schedule is also successfully tested. The methods presented in this article can optimize the operation and maintenance schedule and could make it possible, in the future, to predict soiling losses through analysis based only on environmental parameters, such as rainfall and particulate matter, without the need of long-term soiling data.</div></div></div></div>

", "keywords": ["Optimization", "Power", " Energy and Industry Applications", "Schedules", "Rain", "Cleaning", "Field Performance", "solar energy", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Prediction methods", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "Soil measurements", "time series analysis", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "soiling", "stochastic processes", "Data mining", "Photovoltaic systems", "field performance; optimization; photovoltaic (PV) systems; prediction methods; soiling; solar energy; stochastic processes; time series analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625584/3/Micheli_postprint_Extracting_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/5503869/8939133/08880477.pdf?arnumber=8880477"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2943706"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Journal%20of%20Photovoltaics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/jphotov.2019.2943706", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/jphotov.2019.2943706", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2943706"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14815", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-30", "title": "How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal", "description": "Abstract

There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content to contribute to climate change mitigation, to enhance resilience to climate change and to underpin food security, through initiatives such as international \uffe2\uff80\uff984p1000\uffe2\uff80\uff99 initiative and the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since SOC content of soils cannot be easily measured, a key barrier to implementing programmes to increase SOC at large scale, is the need for credible and reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) platforms, both for national reporting and for emissions trading. Without such platforms, investments could be considered risky. In this paper, we review methods and challenges of measuring SOC change directly in soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise for quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat soil surveys are used to estimate changes in SOC over time, and how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution sites can serve as sources of knowledge and can be used to test models, and as potential benchmark sites in global frameworks to estimate SOC change. We briefly consider models that can be used to simulate and project change in SOC and examine the MRV platforms for SOC change already in use in various countries/regions. In the final section, we bring together the various components described in this review, to describe a new vision for a global framework for MRV of SOC change, to support national and international initiatives seeking to effect change in the way we manage our soils. Biomass and nutrient contents of regenerating woody plants and litter fall were measured after a northern mixed conifer\uffe2\uff80\uff93hardwood forest was harvested by conventional and whole-tree methods. Before harvest, the central Ontario study site was occupied by a 95-year-old pine (Pinusresinosa, P. strobus) and aspen (Populustremuloides, P. grandidentata) stand growing on gently rolling, gravel-free outwash sands. Four years after harvest, aspen abundance increased 100-fold in both harvested areas, with higher densities after whole-tree harvest (WTH) (4.1\uffe2\uff80\uff82stems/m2) than after conventional harvest (CH) (2.7\uffe2\uff80\uff82stems/m2). No self-thinning of aspen occurred between 2 and 4 years after harvest. Total aboveground woody biomass accumulated at 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the WTH area and 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the CH area; the preharvest rate was 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82t\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peak autumn litter production occurred earlier in the harvested areas than in an adjacent uncut area. Cycling of N and K in litter fall returned to preharvest rates after 4 years. Cycling of Ca in litter fall was lower after WTH than after CH. Vegetation uptake of N and K (litter fall plus woody biomass) in the harvested areas in year 4 exceeded the preharvest value. Increased N accumulation in woody biomass (3.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 before harvest, 10.6\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg\uffe2\uff80\uffa2ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uffa2year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 after WTH) would place a relatively greater demand on forest floor N pools in the WTH than in the CH area owing to lack of N input in logging slash. Although WTH did not reduce initial rates of biomass production, Populus spp. had lower concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the WTH area than in the CH area. There may be a danger that WTH on less fertile sites in the region will produce dense, unproductive aspen stands with low rates of self-thinning.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Broadleaves", "Forest litter", "Microorganisms", "Coniferopsida: Gymnospermae", "Gymnosperms", "01 natural sciences", "logging", "Dicots", "pines", "nutrients", "Spermatophytes", "Natural regeneration", "Plant nutrition", "Plantae", "Forest Sciences", "Vascular Plants", "biomass", "Stand characteristics", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "thinning", "Soil morphology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Pinus Resinosa Pinus Strobus Populus Tremuloides Populus Grandidentata Forest Biomass Energy Forest Products", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Conifers", "Angiospermae", "composition", "whole tree logging", "nutrient reserves", "natural thinning", "measurement", "ecology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hendrickson, O.Q.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x88-221"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x88-221", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x88-221", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x88-221"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1988-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1594/pangaea.814272", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:35Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during G. O. Sars cruise 58GS20110516", "description": "Cruise QC flag: C (see further details). The Fair Data Use Statement for SOCAT can be found at hdl:10013/epic.48576.d001", "keywords": ["extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005", "Salinity", "Salinity", " interpolated", "Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at equilibrator temperature (wet air)", "interpolated", "Depth", " bathymetric", " interpolated/gridded", "atmospheric", "Quality flag", "Temperature", " water", "Changes in the carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate (CARBOCHANGE)", "G O Sars 2003", "extracted from the NCEP NCAR 40 Year Reanalysis Project", "Distance", "Temperature", "Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS-Norway)", "extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project", "Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project SOCAT", "Algorithm", "extracted from the 2 Minute Gridded Global Relief Data ETOPO2", "Earth System Research", "G. O. Sars (2003)", "Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study SOLAS Norway", "2013", "xCO2 (air)", " interpolated", "bathymetric", "water", "interpolated gridded", "DATE TIME", "Pressure", "14. Life underwater", "Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at equilibrator temperature wet air", "xCO2 water at equilibrator temperature dry air", "58GS20110516", "extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2)", "LONGITUDE", "xCO2 air", "extracted from GLOBALVIEW CO2", "DEPTH", " water", "Underway cruise track measurements", "Depth", "Temperature at equilibration", "Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project (SOCAT)", "Pressure at equilibration", "Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)", "extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2", "Changes in the carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate CARBOCHANGE", "DATE/TIME", "Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al.", " 2013)", "13. Climate action", "DEPTH", "LATITUDE", "Recomputed after SOCAT Pfeil et al", "Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air", "xCO2 (water) at equilibrator temperature (dry air)", "Pressure", " atmospheric", " interpolated"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Johannessen, Truls, Lauvset, Siv K,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.814272"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1594/pangaea.814272", "name": "item", "description": "10.1594/pangaea.814272", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1594/pangaea.814272"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/564/2017-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-08", "title": "Analysis Of Soil Water Content And Crop Yield After Biochar Application In Field Conditions", "description": "Biochar has been studied extensively in terms of its influence on soil hydrophysical properties, but only small part of results was obtained from the field experiments. In this study, the soil water content was measured in 5-10 cm depth at experimental plots which received 20 t/ha and 0 t/ha (control) of biochar amendment at the Malanta area (Slovakia). The experimental area was cultivated with maize in 2015 and spring wheat in 2016. Our field measurements show that the positive effect of biochar amendment (20 t/ha) on soil water content is strongly related to the type of the crop grown and not straightforward. Unexpectedly, during the monitoring campaign in 2015 the soil water content of the biochar-amended soil was lower than control. In 2016, negligible differences were observed in soil water contents at both experimental plots, especially during the dry spells. However, higher soil water content was measured at the plot with biochar amendment after the series of precipitation events during the physiological maturity of the spring wheat. Moreover, the biochar amendment did not increase the biomass production and yields of maize in 2015, but it significantly increased the biomass production and yields of spring wheat in 2016.", "keywords": ["zea mays", "climate change", "field measurements", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "triticum aestivum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/564/2017-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/564/2017-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/564/2017-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/564/2017-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-12", "title": "Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest", "description": "

Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4\u00a0months. A chamber closure time of 2\u2009min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100\u2009% and 98.5\u2009% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux \u2013 MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25\u2009min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6\u2009% of measured fluxes are above MDF\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009nmol\u2009m\u22122\u2009s\u22121). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.

", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "nitrous-oxide", "Environmental management", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "spatial variation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "Life", "QH501-531", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "biogeochemical controls", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Physics", "n2o", "emissions", "land-use change ; nitrous-oxide ; rain-forest ;biogeochemical controls ; chamber measurements ; spatial variation ; co2 ;emissions; n2o ; respiration", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "chamber measurements", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/785/2019/bg-16-785-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt73p9116t/qt73p9116t.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-31", "title": "Leaf-scale quantification of the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on \u0394<sup>17</sup>O of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>", "description": "

Abstract. Understanding the processes that affect the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 during gas exchange can help constrain the interaction and fluxes between the atmosphere and the biosphere. We conducted leaf cuvette experiments under controlled conditions using three plant species. The experiments were conducted at two different light intensities and using CO2 with different \uffce\uff9417O. We directly quantify the effect of photosynthesis on \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 for the first time. Our results demonstrate the established theory for \uffce\uffb418O is applicable to \uffce\uff9417O(CO2) at leaf level, and we confirm that the following two key factors determine the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on the \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2. The relative difference between \uffce\uff9417O of the CO2 entering the leaf and the CO2 in equilibrium with leaf water and the back-diffusion flux of CO2 from the leaf to the atmosphere, which can be quantified by the cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio, where ca is the CO2 mole fraction in the surrounding air and cm is the one at the site of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and H2O. At low cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios the discrimination is governed mainly by diffusion into the leaf, and at high cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios it is governed by back-diffusion of CO2 that has equilibrated with the leaf water. Plants with a higher cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio modify the \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 more strongly than plants with a lower cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio. Based on the leaf cuvette experiments, the global value for discrimination against \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 during photosynthetic gas exchange is estimated to be -0.57\uffc2\uffb10.14\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 using cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca values of 0.3 and 0.7 for C4 and C3 plants, respectively. The main uncertainties in this global estimate arise from variation in cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios among plants and growth conditions.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY", "Ecology", "OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION", "MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "O-18/O-16 RATIOS", "MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION", "03 medical and health sciences", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "Life", "13. Climate action", "3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS", "QH501-531", "STABLE-ISOTOPES", "Life Science", "14. Life underwater", "TRIPLE OXYGEN", "DIOXIDE", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2640985", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-17", "description": "Elevated atmospheric CO2 has the potential to increase the production and alter the chemistry of organic substrates entering soil from plant production, the magnitude of which is constrained by soil-N availability. Because microbial growth in soil is limited by substrate inputs from plant production, we reasoned that changes in the amount and chemistry of these organic substrates could affect the composition of soil microbial com- munities and the cycling of N in soil. We studied microbial community composition and soil-N transformations beneath Populus tremuloides Michx. growing under experimental atmospheric CO2 (35.7 and 70.7 Pa) and soil-N-availability (low N 5 61 ng N\u00b7g 21 \u00b7d 21 and high N 5 319 ng N\u00b7g 21 \u00b7d 21 ) treatments. Atmospheric CO2 concentration was modified in large, open-top chambers, and we altered soil-N availability in open-bottom root boxes by mixing different proportions of A and C horizon material. We used phospholipid fatty-acid analysis to gain insight into microbial community composition and coupled this analysis to measurements of soil-N transformations using 15 N-pool dilution techniques. The infor- mation presented here is part of an integrated experiment designed to elucidate the phys- iological mechanisms controlling the flow of C and N in the plant-soil system. Our ob- jectives were (1) to determine whether changes in plant growth and tissue chemistry alter microbial community composition and soil-N cycling in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability and (2) to integrate the results of our experiment into a synthesis of elevated atmospheric CO2 and the cycling of C and N in terrestrial ecosystems. After 2.5 growing seasons, microbial biomass, gross N mineralization, microbial im- mobilization, and nitrification (gross and net) were equivalent at ambient and elevated CO2, suggesting that increases in fine-root production and declines in fine-root N concentration were insufficient to alter the influence of native soil organic matter on microbial physiology; this was the case in both low- and high-N soil. Similarly, elevated CO2 did not alter the proportion of bacterial, actinomycetal, or fungal phospholipid fatty acids in low-N or high-N soil, indicating that changes in substrate input from greater plant growth under elevated CO2 did not alter microbial community composition. Our results differ from a substantial number of studies reporting increases and decreases in soil-N cycling under elevated CO 2. From our analysis, it appears that soil-N cycling responds to elevated atmospheric CO 2 in experimental situations where plant roots have fully colonized the soil and root-associated C inputs are sufficient to modify the influence of native soil organic matter on microbial physiology. In young developing ecosystems where plant roots have not fully exploited the soil, microbial metabolism appears to be regulated by relatively large pools of soil organic matter, rather than by the additional input of organic substrates under elevated CO 2.", "keywords": ["measurement-", "soil microorganisms", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-: cycling-", "feedback", "microbial community composition", "techniques-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "litter-plant", "biomass-", "gross and net", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "Spermatophytes-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "mineralization", "Spermatophyta-", "responses-", "phospholipid-fatty-acids", "2. Zero hunger", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "global climate change", "microbial immobilization", "nutrient-", "Soil-Science", "6. Clean water", "metabolism-", "soil-N transformations", "transformation-", "substrates-", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "atmosphere-", "elevated atmospheric", "570", "nitrification-", "nitrogen immobilization", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "phospholipid fatty acids (PFLAs)", "carbon-dioxide", "growth-", "soil-microbial-community-composition", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "microbial-flora", "Populus tremuloides", "Plantae-", "organic-matter", "consortia-", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "communities-", "ecosystem", "analysis-", "atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability", "soil-availability", "mineralization-", "carbon dioxide", "fatty-acids", "15. Life on land", "substrate-input", "Populus-tremuloides (Salicaceae-)", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "composition-", "Dicots-", "immobilization-", "seasons-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zak, Donald R., Pregitzer, Kurt S., Curtis, Peter S., Holmes, William E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2640985"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2640985", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2640985", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2640985"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10081169", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-10", "title": "Adaptation to Water and Salt Stresses of Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme", "description": "

Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme represent a valuable tool for tomato breeding, particularly for tolerance to abiotic stresses. Water stress and salinity are major constraints to tomato\uffe2\uff80\uff99s cultivation, and for which limited genetic variability has been reported within the cultivated species. We evaluated four accessions of S. pimpinellifolium and four of S. l. var. cerasiforme for their adaptation to water deficit and salinity. The CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and leaf chlorophyll concentration were evaluated, as well as morphological and agronomic traits. The accessions showed a remarkable inter- and intra-species response variability to both stresses. Two S. pimpinellifolium accessions and one S. l. var. cerasiforme showed unaltered physiological parameters, thus indicating a good adaptation to water deficit. Two S. l. var. cerasiforme accessions showed an interesting performance under salt stress, one of which showing also good adaptation to water stress. In general, both stresses showed a negative impact on leaf size and fruit fresh weight, especially in the big-sized fruits. However, flowering, fruit setting and earliness remained unaltered or even improved when compared to control conditions. Stressed plants yielded fruits with higher \uffc2\uffb0 Brix. Response to stresses seemed to be linked to origin environmental conditions, notwithstanding, variability was observed among accessions of the same region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Salinity", "abiotic stress", "phenotyping", "S", "Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll measurement", "Agriculture", "gas exchange", "15. Life on land", "F06 Irrigation", "Abiotic stress", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "Tomato wild relatives", "tomato wild relatives", "GENETICA", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotyping", "Gas exchange", "F40 Plant ecology", "Water deficit", "water deficit"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mart\u00ednez-Cuenca, Mary-Rus, Pereira-D\u00edas, Leandro, Soler Aleixandre, Salvador, L\u00f3pez-Serrano, Lidia, Alonso-Mart\u00edn, David, Calatayud, \u00c1ngeles, D\u00edez, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1169/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1169/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081169"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10081169", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10081169", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10081169"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/app10176132", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-03", "title": "Visualizations of Uncertainties in Precision Agriculture: Lessons Learned from Farm Machinery", "description": "

Detailed measurements of yield values are becoming a common practice in precision agriculture. Field harvesters generate point Big Data as they provide yield measurements together with dozens of complex attributes in a frequency of up to one second. Such a flood of data brings uncertainties caused by several factors: accuracy of the positioning system used, trajectory overlaps, raising the cutting bar due to obstacles or unevenness, and so on. This paper deals with 2D and 3D cartographic visualizations of terrain, measured yield, and its uncertainties. Four graphic variables were identified as credible for visualizations of uncertainties in point Big Data. Data from two plots at a fully operational farm were used for this purpose. ISO 19157 was examined for its applicability and a proof-of-concept for selected uncertainty expression was defined. Special attention was paid to spatial pattern interpretations.

", "keywords": ["point Big Data", "Technology", "QH301-705.5", "T", "Physics", "QC1-999", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "interactive 3D visualization", "ISO 19157", "02 engineering and technology", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "uncertainty expression", "Chemistry", "yield measurements", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "TA1-2040", "Biology (General)", "QD1-999"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/6132/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/6132/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176132"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/app10176132", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/app10176132", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/app10176132"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/coatings9110749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-12", "title": "Advanced Analysis of Corroded Solar Reflectors", "description": "

The corrosion of the reflective layer is one of the main degradation mechanisms of solar reflectors. However, the appropriate assessment of the corroded reflector samples is not accomplished by the current analysis techniques. On the one hand, the reflectance measurement protocol of non-damaged solar reflectors for concentrating solar thermal technologies is widely addressed in the SolarPACES reflectance guideline. However, this methodology is not adequate for reflectors whose surface is partially corroded by many kind of corrosion agents. In this work, a new measurement technique to properly assess corroded samples was developed. To check the usefulness of the method, several damaged samples (subjected to two accelerated aging tests) were evaluated with the conventional technique and with the improved one. The results showed that a significant discrepancy is observed between the two methods for heavily corroded samples, with average reflectance differences of 0.053 ppt. The visualization of the reflector images illustrated that the improved method is more reliable. On the other hand, both the corrosion products formed and the corrosion rates were identified after each corrosive test. The chemical atmosphere significantly affects the products formed, whereas the corrosion rates are influenced by the test conditions and the reflector quality.

", "keywords": ["monochromatic specular reflectance", "13. Climate action", "solar hemispherical reflectance", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "corrosion product", "improved measurement method", "Qualifizierung", "02 engineering and technology", "concentrating solar thermal energy", "corrosion rate", "7. Clean energy", "corroded solar reflector"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/9/11/749/pdf"}, {"href": "https://elib.dlr.de/130853/1/2019%20Buendia%20Advanced%20Analysis%20of%20Corroded%20Solar%20Reflectors.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/9/11/749/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Coatings", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/coatings9110749", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/coatings9110749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/coatings9110749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/geomatics1040024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-29", "title": "Precipitation Data Retrieval and Quality Assurance from Different Data Sources for the Namoi Catchment in Australia", "description": "

Within the Horizon 2020 Project WaterSENSE a modular approach was developed to provide different stakeholders with the required precipitation information. An operational high-quality rainfall grid was set up for the Namoi catchment in Australia based on rain gauge adjusted radar data. Data availability and processing considerations make it necessary to explore alternative precipitation approaches. The gauge adjusted radar data will serve as a benchmark for the alternative precipitation data. The two well established satellite-based precipitation datasets IMERG and GSMaP will be analyzed with the temporal and spatial requirements of the applications envisioned in WaterSENSE in mind. While first results appear promising, these datasets will need further refinements to meet the criteria of WaterSENSE, especially with respect to the spatial resolution. Inferring information from soil moisture-derived from EO observations to increase the spatial detail of the existing satellite-based datasets is a promising approach that will be investigated along with other alternatives.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "precipitation measurement", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "GSMaP", "soil moisture", "IMERG", "radar", "GPM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Strehz, Alexander, Einfalt, Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7418/1/4/24/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/geomatics1040024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geomatics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/geomatics1040024", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/geomatics1040024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/geomatics1040024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s19224879", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-08", "title": "Deployment and Verifications of the Spatial Filtering of Data Measured by Field Harvesters and Methods of Their Interpolation: Czech Cereal Fields between 2014 and 2018", "description": "

Yield mapping is a subject of research in (precision) agriculture and one of the primary concerns for farmers as it forms the basis of their income and has implications for subsidies and taxes. The presented approach involves deployment of field harvesters equipped with sensors that provide more detailed and spatially localized values than merely a sum of yields for the whole plot. The measurements from such sensors need to be filtered and subject to further processing, including interpolation, to facilitate follow-up interpretation. This paper aims to identify the relative differences between interpolations from (1) (field) measured data, (2) measured data that were globally filtered, and (3) measured data that were globally and locally filtered. All the measured data were obtained at a fully operational farm and are considered to represent a natural experiment. The revealed spatial patterns and recommendations regarding global and local filtering methods are presented at the end of the paper. Time investments into filtering techniques are also taken into account.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Chemical technology", "field harvester", "sensor measurements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "data filtering", "Article", "yield mapping", "interpolation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4879/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224879"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s19224879", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s19224879", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s19224879"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-17", "title": "Comparison of dust optical depth from multi-sensor products and MONARCH (Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) dust reanalysis over North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe", "description": "

Abstract. Aerosol reanalysis datasets are model-based, observationally constrained, continuous 3D aerosol fields with a relatively high temporal frequency that can be used to assess aerosol variations and trends, climate effects, and impacts on socioeconomic sectors, such as health. Here we compare and assess the recently published MONARCH (Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) high-resolution regional desert dust reanalysis over northern Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (NAMEE) with a combination of ground-based observations and space-based dust retrievals and products. In particular, we compare the total and coarse dust optical depth (DOD) from the new reanalysis with DOD products derived from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), and IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) spaceborne instruments. Despite the larger uncertainties, satellite-based datasets provide a better geographical coverage than ground-based observations, and the use of different retrievals and products allows at least partially overcoming some single-product weaknesses in the comparison. Nevertheless, limitations and uncertainties due to the type of sensor, its operating principle, its sensitivity, its temporal and spatial resolution, and the methodology for retrieving or further deriving dust products are factors that bias the reanalysis assessment. We, therefore, also use ground-based DOD observations provided by 238 stations of the AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) located within the NAMEE region as a reference evaluation dataset. In particular, prior to the reanalysis assessment, the satellite datasets were evaluated against AERONET, showing moderate underestimations in the vicinities of dust sources and downwind regions, whereas small or significant overestimations, depending on the dataset, can be found in the remote regions. Taking these results into consideration, the MONARCH reanalysis assessment shows that total and coarse-DOD simulations are consistent with satellite- and ground-based data, qualitatively capturing the major dust sources in the area in addition to the dust transport patterns. Moreover, the MONARCH reanalysis reproduces the seasonal dust cycle, identifying the increased dust activity that occurred in the NAMEE region during spring and summer. The quantitative comparison between the MONARCH reanalysis DOD and satellite multi-sensor products shows that the reanalysis tends to slightly overestimate the desert dust that is emitted from the source regions and underestimate the transported dust over the outflow regions, implying that the model's removal of dust particles from the atmosphere, through deposition processes, is too effective. More specifically, small positive biases are found over the Sahara desert (0.04) and negative biases over the Atlantic Ocean and the Arabian Sea (\u22120.04), which constitute the main pathways of the long-range dust transport. Considering the DOD values recorded on average there, such discrepancies can be considered low, as the low relative bias in the Sahara desert (<\u200950\u2009%) and over the adjacent maritime regions (<\u2009100\u2009%) certifies. Similarly, over areas with intense dust activity, the linear correlation coefficient between the MONARCH reanalysis simulations and the ensemble of the satellite products is significantly high for both total and coarse DOD, reaching 0.8 over the Middle East, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Arabian Sea and exceeding it over the African continent. Moreover, the low relative biases and high correlations are associated with regions for which large numbers of observations are available, thus allowing for robust reanalysis assessment.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "aerosol", "temporal analysis", "Physics", "QC1-999", "North Africa", "01 natural sciences", "observational method", "optical depth", "Europe", "Chemistry", "Middle East", "13. Climate action", "satellite sensor", "dust", "QD1-999", "ground-based measurement", "comparative study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/459659/1/prod_487259-doc_202407.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/5487/2023/acp-23-5487-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-18", "title": "Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust", "description": "

Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, the relative contributions of the world\u2019s major dust source regions to the global dust cycle remain poorly constrained. This problem hinders accounting for the potentially large impact of regional differences in dust properties on clouds, the Earth's energy balance, and terrestrial and marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we constrain the contribution of each of the world\u2019s main dust source regions to the global dust cycle. We use an analytical framework that integrates an ensemble of global model simulations with observationally informed constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We obtain a data set that constrains the relative contribution of each of nine major source regions to size-resolved dust emission, atmospheric loading, optical depth, concentration, and deposition flux. We find that the 22\u201329\u2009Tg (one standard error range) global loading of dust with geometric diameter up to 20\u2009\u03bcm is partitioned as follows: North African source regions contribute ~50\u2009% (11\u201315\u2009Tg), Asian source regions contribute ~40\u2009% (8\u201313\u2009Tg), and North American and Southern Hemisphere regions contribute ~10\u2009% (1.8\u20133.2\u2009Tg). Current models might on average be overestimating the contribution of North African sources to atmospheric dust loading at ~65\u2009%, while underestimating the contribution of Asian dust at ~30\u2009%. However, both our results and current models could be affected by unquantified biases, such as due to errors in separating dust aerosol optical depth from that produced by other aerosol species in remote sensing retrievals in poorly observed desert regions. Our results further show that each source region's dust loading peaks in local spring and summer, which is partially driven by increased dust lifetime in those seasons. We also quantify the dust deposition flux to the Amazon rainforest to be ~10\u2009Tg/year, which is a factor of 2\u20133 less than inferred from satellite data by previous work that likely overestimated dust deposition by underestimating the dust mass extinction efficiency. The data obtained in this paper can be used to obtain improved constraints on dust impacts on clouds, climate, biogeochemical cycles, and other parts of the Earth system.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "QC1-999", "Global dust cycle", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Atmospheric models", "Earth's atmosphere", "Simulaci\u00f3 per ordinador", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Dust; Aerosols; Climate Models; Earth System Models;", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Life Below Water", "QD1-999", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Atmosphere", "Climate change science", "ddc:550", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "Aerosol model simulations", "15. Life on land", "Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Climate Action", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Air quality", "Earth Sciences", "Aerosols--Measurement", "Desert dust", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Astronomical and Space Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/321610/1/Kok_2021_ACP_Dust-global.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8169/2021/acp-21-8169-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8169/2021/acp-21-8169-2021-supplement.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt31s4c3tr/qt31s4c3tr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4f95b02f/qt4f95b02f.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Goldschmidt2021%20abstracts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-2021-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-2022-742", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-07", "title": "Insights into the single particle composition, size, mixing state and aspect ratio of freshly emitted mineral dust from field measurements in the Moroccan Sahara using electron microscopy", "description": "

Abstract. The chemical and morphological properties of mineral dust aerosols emitted by wind erosion from arid and semi-arid regions influence climate, ocean and land ecosystems, air quality, and multiple socio-economic sectors. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the emitted dust particle size distribution (PSD) in terms of its constituent minerals that typically result from the fragmentation of soil aggregates during wind erosion. The emitted dust PSD affects the duration of particle transport and thus each mineral\u2019s global distribution, along with its specific effect upon climate. This lack of understanding is largely due to the scarcity of relevant in situ measurements in dust sources. To advance our understanding of the physicochemical properties of the emitted dust PSD, we present insights into the elemental composition and morphology of individual dust particles collected during the FRontiers in dust minerAloGical coMposition and its Effects upoN climaTe (FRAGMENT) field campaign in the Moroccan Sahara in September 2019. We analyzed more than 300,000 freshly emitted individual particles by performing offline analysis in the laboratory using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX). Eight major particle-type classes were identified where clay minerals make up the majority of the analyzed particles by number, with carbonates and quartz contributing to a lesser extent. We provide an exhaustive analysis of the size distribution and potential mixing state of different particle types, focusing largely on iron-rich (Fe-oxi/hydroxides) and feldspar particles, which are key to the effects of dust upon radiation and clouds. Nearly pure or externally mixed Fe-oxi/hydroxides are present only in diameters smaller than 2 \u00b5m and mainly below 1 \u00b5m. Fe-oxi/hydroxides tend to be increasingly internally mixed with other minerals, especially clays, as particle size increases, i.e., the volume fraction of Fe-oxi/hydroxides in aggregates decreases with particle size. Pure (externally-mixed) feldspar grains represented 3.7 % of all the particles, of which we estimated about a quarter to be K-feldspar. The externally-mixed total feldspar and K-feldspar abundances are relatively invariant with particle size, in contrast to the increasing abundance of feldspar-like (internally-mixed) aggregates with particle size. We also found that overall the median aspect ratio is rather constant across particle size and mineral groups, although we obtain slightly higher aspect ratios for internally-mixed particles. The detailed information on the composition of freshly emitted individual dust particles along with the quantitative analysis of their mixing state presented here can be used to constrain climate models including mineral species in their representation of the dust cycle.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric chemistry", "550", "QC1-999", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "Mineral dust", "01 natural sciences", "Climate models", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia", "Aerosols Measurement", "Pols minerals", "QD1-999", "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "mineral dust", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "electron microscopy", "ddc:550", "Physics", "15. Life on land", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/502.3/.7", "Pollution", "Moroccan Sahara", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Mineral dust particles", "Air quality", "Desert dust"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3861/2023/acp-23-3861-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3861/2023/acp-23-3861-2023-supplement.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-742"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-2022-742", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-2022-742", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-2022-742"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-27", "title": "Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance", "description": "

Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric models struggle to accurately represent its spatial and temporal distribution. These model errors are partially caused by fundamental difficulties in simulating dust emission in coarse-resolution models and in accurately representing dust microphysical properties. Here we mitigate these problems by developing a new methodology that yields an improved representation of the global dust cycle. We present an analytical framework that uses inverse modeling to integrate an ensemble of global model simulations with observational constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We then compare the inverse model results against independent measurements of dust surface concentration and deposition flux and find that errors are reduced by approximately a factor of 2\u00a0relative to current model simulations of the Northern Hemisphere dust cycle. The inverse model results show smaller improvements in the less dusty Southern Hemisphere, most likely because both the model simulations and the observational constraints used in the inverse model are less accurate. On a global basis, we find that the emission flux of dust with a geometric diameter up to 20\u2009\u00b5m (PM20) is approximately 5000\u2009Tg\u2009yr\u22121, which is greater than most models account for. This larger PM20 dust flux is needed to match observational constraints showing a large atmospheric loading of coarse dust. We obtain gridded datasets of dust emission, vertically integrated loading, dust aerosol optical depth, (surface) concentration, and wet and dry deposition fluxes that are resolved by season and particle size. As our results indicate that this dataset is more accurate than current model simulations and the MERRA-2 dust reanalysis product, it can be used to improve quantifications of dust impacts on the Earth system.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "QC1-999", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida", "Dust emissions", "01 natural sciences", "Earth system -- environmental sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Dust; Aerosol; Climate Models; Earth System Models;", "Atmospheric models", "Simulaci\u00f3 per ordinador", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Atmospheric model simulations", "QD1-999", "Earth system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Atmosphere", "Climate change science", "ddc:550", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "Dust", "Computer simulation", "15. Life on land", "Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals", "520", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Climate Action", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "Model simulation", "13. Climate action", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Earth Sciences", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica", "Aerosols--Measurement", "Desert dust", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Astronomical and Space Sciences", ":Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/321612/2/10281-321612_VoR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8127/2021/acp-21-8127-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8127/2021/acp-21-8127-2021-supplement.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5g7457v8/qt5g7457v8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-28", "title": "Modelling sun-induced fluorescence and photosynthesis with a land surface model at local and regional scales in northern Europe", "description": "

Abstract. Recent satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) are thought to provide a large-scale proxy for gross primary production (GPP), thus providing a new way to assess the performance of land surface models (LSMs). In this study, we assessed how well SIF is able to predict GPP in the Fenno-Scandinavian region and what potential limitations for its application exist. We implemented a SIF model into the JSBACH LSM and used active leaf level chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (ChlF) to evaluate the performance of the SIF module at a coniferous forest at Hyyti\uffc3\uffa4l\uffc3\uffa4, Finland. We also compared simulated GPP and SIF at four Finnish micrometeorological flux measurement sites to observed GPP as well as to satellite observed SIF. Finally, we conducted a regional model simulation for the Fenno-Scandinavian region with JSBACH and compared the results to SIF retrievals from the GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) space-borne spectrometer and to observation-based regional GPP estimates. Both observations and simulations revealed that SIF can be used to estimate GPP at both site and regional scales. The GOME-2 based SIF was a better proxy for GPP than the remotely sensed fAPAR (fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation by vegetation), even though high SIF values occurred during early spring at the northern latitudes, although these are not likely to be associated with photosynthesis.

", "keywords": ["EDDY COVARIANCE", "DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM", "FLUX MEASUREMENTS", "SCOTS PINE FOREST", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics; Earth-Surface Processes", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "BOREAL CONIFEROUS FOREST", "BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL", "Forestry", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "TERRESTRIAL CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE", "Physical sciences", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "ENERGY-BALANCE", "ITC-GOLD"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/585578/2/bg-14-1969-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/14/1969/2017/bg-14-1969-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-14-1969-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere is widely spread and used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy covariance sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes and climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections is introduced and the uncertainties associated with these corrections are assessed for eight different forest sites in Europe with a total of 12 yearly datasets. The uncertainties introduced on the two components GPP (Gross Primary Production) and TER (Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) are also discussed and a quantitative analysis presented. Through a factorial analysis we find that generally, uncertainties by different corrections are additive without interactions and that the heuristic u*-correction introduces the largest uncertainty. The results show that a standardized data processing is needed for an effective comparison across biomes and for underpinning inter-annual variability. The methodology presented in this paper has also been integrated in the European database of the eddy covariance measurements.

", "keywords": ["european database of the eddy covariance measurements", "550", "net ecosystem exchange", "Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Life", "QH501-531", "[SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", " Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "QH540-549.5", "eddy covariance technique", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "algorithm", "[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "terrestrial ecosystem respiration", "gross primary production", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "co2", "measurement", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-27", "title": "Exploring the merging of the global land evaporation WACMOS-ET products based on local tower measurements", "description": "

Abstract. An inverse error variance weighting of the anomalies of three terrestrial evaporation (ET) products from the WACMOS-ET project based on FLUXNET sites is presented. The three ET models were run daily and at a resolution of 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89km for 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932007, and based on common input data when possible. The local weights, derived based on the variance of the difference between the tower ET anomalies and the modelled ET anomalies, were made dynamic by estimating them using a 61-day running window centred on each day. These were then extrapolated from the tower locations to the global landscape by regressing them on the main model inputs and derived ET using a neural network. Over the stations, the weighted scheme usefully decreased the random error component, and the weighted ET correlated better with the tower data than a simple average. The global extrapolation produced weights displaying strong seasonal and geographical patterns, which translated into spatiotemporal differences between the ET weighted and simple average ET products. However, the uncertainty of the weights after the extrapolation remained large. Out-sample prediction tests showed that the tower data set, mostly located at temperate regions, had limitations with respect to the representation of different biome and climate conditions. Therefore, even if the local weighting was successful, the extrapolation to a global scale remains problematic, showing a limited added value over the simple average. Overall, this study suggests that merging tower observations and ET products at the timescales and spatial scales of this study is complicated by the tower spatial representativeness, the products' coarse spatial resolution, the nature of the error in both towers and gridded data sets, and how all these factors impact the weights extrapolation from the tower locations to the global landscape.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "550", "SPATIAL VARIABILITY", "0207 environmental engineering", "FLUX MEASUREMENTS", "02 engineering and technology", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "[PHYS] Physics [physics]", "G", "ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[PHYS]Physics [physics]", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "T", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "EDDY-COVARIANCE", "Environmental sciences", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/4513/2018/hess-22-4513-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-22-4513-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-28", "title": "The MONARCH high-resolution reanalysis of desert dust aerosol over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe (2007\u20132016)", "description": "

Abstract. One of the challenges in studying desert dust aerosol along with its numerous interactions and impacts is the paucity of direct in-situ measurements, particularly in the areas most affected by dust storms. Satellites typically provide columnintegrated aerosol measurements, but observationally-constrained continuous 3D dust fields are needed to assess dust variability, climate effects and impacts upon a variety of socio-economic sectors. Here, we present a high resolution regional reanalysis data set of desert dust aerosols that covers Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe along with the Mediterranean sea and parts of Central Asia, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans between 2007 and 2016. The horizontal resolution is 0.1\u00b0 latitude\u2009\u00d7\u20090.1\u00b0 longitude, and the temporal resolution is 3 hours. The reanalysis was produced using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) data assimilation in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). The assimilated data are coarse-mode dust optical depth retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Level 2 products. The reanalysis data set consists of upper air (dust mass concentrations and extinction coefficient), surface (dust deposition and solar irradiance fields, among them) and total column (e.g., dust optical depth and load) variables. Some dust variables, such as concentrations and wet and dry deposition, are expressed for a binned size distribution that ranges from 0.2 to 20\u2009\u03bcm in particle diameter. Both analysis and first-guess (analysis-initialized simulation) fields are available for the variables that are diagnosed from the state vector. A set of ensemble statistics is archived for each output variable, namely the ensemble mean, standard deviation, maximum and median. The spatial and temporal distribution of the dust fields follows well-known dust cycle features controlled by seasonal changes in meteorology and vegetation cover. The analysis is statistically closer to the assimilated retrievals than the first-guess, which proves the consistency of the data assimilation method. Independent evaluation using AERONET dust-filtered optical depth retrievals indicates that the reanalysis data set is highly accurate (mean bias\u2009=\u2009\u22120.05, RMSE\u2009=\u20090.12, r\u2009=\u20090.81 when compared to retrievals from the spectral de-convolution algorithm on a 3-hourly basis). Verification statistics are broadly homogeneous in space and time with regional differences that can be partly attributed to model limitations (e.g., poor representation of small-scale emission processes), presence of aerosols other than dust in the observations used in the evaluation, and differences in the number of observations among seasons. Such a reliable high-resolution historical record of atmospheric desert dust will allow a better quantification of dust impacts upon key sectors of society and economy, including health, solar energy production and transportation. The reanalysis data set (Di Tomaso et al., 2021) is distributed via a Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Service (THREDDS) at BSC and freely available at http://hdl.handle.net/21.12146/c6d4a608-5de3-47f6-a004-67cb1d498d98.

", "keywords": ["Desert dust aerosol", "550", "Climate", "MINERAL-COMPOSITION", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "01 natural sciences", "Dust emission", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "LETKF", "Local ensemble transform Kalman filter", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia", "Pols -- Control", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "MONARCH", "SAHARAN DUST", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SIZE DISTRIBUTION", "GE1-350", "Desert", "CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME", "Aerosol measurements", "Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "ddc:550", "Geology", "1 MODEL DESCRIPTION", "OPTICAL-PROPERTIES", "MONARCH modeling system", "Atmospheric aerosols", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "PM10 CONCENTRATIONS", "900", "Dust aerosol", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO", "MEDITERRANEAN BASIN", "Dust control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/417480/1/prod_471097-doc_191235.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2785/2022/essd-14-2785-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-358"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-2021-358"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-30", "title": "CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations", "description": "

Abstract. We have implemented a regional carbon dioxide data assimilation system based on the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) and a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model driven by the Weather Forecast and Research meteorological fields (WRF-STILT). With this system, named CTDAS-Lagrange, we simultaneously optimize terrestrial biosphere fluxes and four parameters that adjust the lateral boundary conditions (BCs) against CO2 observations from the NOAA ESRL North America tall tower and aircraft programmable flask packages (PFPs) sampling program. Least-squares optimization is performed with a time-stepping ensemble Kalman smoother, over a time window of 10\uffc2\uffa0days and assimilating sequentially a time series of observations. Because the WRF-STILT footprints are pre-computed, it is computationally efficient to run the CTDAS-Lagrange system. To estimate the uncertainties in the optimized fluxes from the system, we performed sensitivity tests with various a\uffc2\uffa0priori biosphere fluxes (SiBCASA, SiB3, CT2013B) and BCs (optimized mole fraction fields from CT2013B and CTE2014, and an empirical dataset derived from aircraft observations), as well as with a variety of choices on the ways that fluxes are adjusted (additive or multiplicative), covariance length scales, biosphere flux covariances, BC parameter uncertainties, and model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data mismatches. In pseudo-data experiments, we show that in our implementation the additive flux adjustment method is more flexible in optimizing net ecosystem exchange (NEE) than the multiplicative flux adjustment method, and our sensitivity tests with real observations show that the CTDAS-Lagrange system has the ability to correct for the potential biases in the lateral BCs and to resolve large biases in the prior biosphere fluxes. Using real observations, we have derived a range of estimates for the optimized carbon fluxes from a series of sensitivity tests, which places the North American carbon sink for the year\uffc2\uffa02010 in a range from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.92 to \uffe2\uff88\uff921.26\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This is comparable to the TM5-based estimates of CarbonTracker (version CT2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb11.10\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and CarbonTracker Europe (version CTE2016, -0.91\uffc2\uffb10.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89PgC\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We conclude that CTDAS-Lagrange can offer a versatile and computationally attractive alternative to these global systems for regional estimates of carbon fluxes, which can take advantage of high-resolution Lagrangian footprints that are increasingly easy to obtain.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS", "TECHNICAL NOTE", "Geology", "NORTH-AMERICA", "15. Life on land", "AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK", "01 natural sciences", "MODEL", "13. Climate action", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2 INVERSIONS", "Life Science", "ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS", "GREENHOUSE-GAS MEASUREMENTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "EXCHANGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.geosci-model-dev-discuss.net/gmd-2017-222/gmd-2017-222.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-2017-222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-2017-222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-2018-94", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-05", "title": "The value of satellite remote sensing soil moisture data and the DISPATCH algorithm in irrigation fields", "description": "

Abstract. Soil moisture measurements are needed in a large number of applications such as climate change, watershed water balance and irrigation management. One of the main characteristics of this property is that soil moisture is highly variable with both space and time, hindering the estimation of a representative value. Deciding how to measure soil moisture before undertaking any type of study is therefore an important issue that needs to be addressed correctly. Nowadays, different kinds of methodologies exist for measuring soil moisture; Remote Sensing, soil moisture sensors or gravimetric measurements. This work is focused on how to measure soil moisture for irrigation scheduling, where soil moisture sensors are the main methodology for monitoring soil moisture. One of its disadvantages, however, is that soil moisture sensors measure a small volume of soil, and do not take into account the existing variability in the field. In contrast, Remote Sensing techniques are able to estimate soil moisture with a low spatial resolution, and thus it is not possible to apply these estimations to agricultural applications. In order to solve this problem, different kinds of algorithms have been developed for downscaling these estimations from low to high resolution. The DISPATCH algorithm downscales soil moisture estimations from 40\u2009km to 1\u2009km resolution using SMOS satellite soil moisture, NDVI and LST from MODIS sensor estimations. In this work, DISPATCH estimations are compared with soil moisture sensors and gravimetric measurements to validate the DISPATCH algorithm in two different hydrologic scenarios; (1) when wet conditions are maintained around the field for rainfall events, and (2) when it is local irrigation that maintains wet conditions. Results show that the DISPATCH algorithm is sensitive when soil moisture is homogenized during general rainfall events, but not when local irrigation generates occasional heterogeneity. In order to explain these different behaviours, we have examined the spatial variability scales of NDVI and LST data, which are the variables involved in the downscaling process provided by the MODIS sensor. Sample variograms show that the spatial scales associated with the NDVI and LST properties are too large to represent the variations of the average water content at the site, and this could be a reason for why the DISPATCH algorithm is unable to detect soil moisture increments caused by local irrigation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", ":Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "T", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "S\u00f2ls -- Humitat -- Mesurament", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "Soil moisture--Measurement--Remote sensing", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, F. Ferrer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/5889/2018/hess-22-5889-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-94"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-2018-94", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-2018-94", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-2018-94"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-22-5889-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-05", "title": "The value of satellite remote sensing soil moisture data and the DISPATCH algorithm in irrigation fields", "description": "

Abstract. Soil moisture measurements are needed in a large number of applications such as climate change, watershed water balance and irrigation management. One of the main characteristics of this property is that soil moisture is highly variable with both space and time, hindering the estimation of a representative value. Deciding how to measure soil moisture before undertaking any type of study is therefore an important issue that needs to be addressed correctly. Nowadays, different kinds of methodologies exist for measuring soil moisture; Remote Sensing, soil moisture sensors or gravimetric measurements. This work is focused on how to measure soil moisture for irrigation scheduling, where soil moisture sensors are the main methodology for monitoring soil moisture. One of its disadvantages, however, is that soil moisture sensors measure a small volume of soil, and do not take into account the existing variability in the field. In contrast, Remote Sensing techniques are able to estimate soil moisture with a low spatial resolution, and thus it is not possible to apply these estimations to agricultural applications. In order to solve this problem, different kinds of algorithms have been developed for downscaling these estimations from low to high resolution. The DISPATCH algorithm downscales soil moisture estimations from 40\uffe2\uff80\uff89km to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89km resolution using SMOS satellite soil moisture, NDVI and LST from MODIS sensor estimations. In this work, DISPATCH estimations are compared with soil moisture sensors and gravimetric measurements to validate the DISPATCH algorithm in two different hydrologic scenarios; (1) when wet conditions are maintained around the field for rainfall events, and (2) when it is local irrigation that maintains wet conditions. Results show that the DISPATCH algorithm is sensitive when soil moisture is homogenized during general rainfall events, but not when local irrigation generates occasional heterogeneity. In order to explain these different behaviours, we have examined the spatial variability scales of NDVI and LST data, which are the variables involved in the downscaling process provided by the MODIS sensor. Sample variograms show that the spatial scales associated with the NDVI and LST properties are too large to represent the variations of the average water content at the site, and this could be a reason for why the DISPATCH algorithm is unable to detect soil moisture increments caused by local irrigation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", ":Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "T", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "S\u00f2ls -- Humitat -- Mesurament", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "Soil moisture--Measurement--Remote sensing", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, F. Ferrer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/5889/2018/hess-22-5889-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5889-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-22-5889-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-22-5889-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-22-5889-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-09", "title": "The International Soil Moisture Network: serving Earth system science for over a decade", "description": "

Abstract. In\u00a02009, the International Soil Moisture Network\u00a0(ISMN) was initiated as a community effort, funded by the European Space Agency, to serve as a centralised data hosting facility for globally available in situ soil moisture measurements (Dorigo et\u00a0al.,\u00a02011b, a). The ISMN brings together in situ soil moisture measurements collected and freely shared by a multitude of organisations, harmonises them in terms of units and sampling rates, applies advanced quality control, and stores them in a database. Users can freely retrieve the data from this database through an online web portal (https://ismn.earth/en/, last access: 28\u00a0October\u00a02021). Meanwhile, the ISMN has evolved into the primary in situ soil moisture reference database worldwide, as evidenced by more than 3000\u00a0active users and over 1000\u00a0scientific publications referencing the data sets provided by the network. As of July\u00a02021, the ISMN now contains the data of 71\u00a0networks and 2842\u00a0stations located all over the globe, with a time period spanning from\u00a01952 to the present. The number of networks and stations covered by the ISMN is still growing, and approximately 70\u2009% of the data sets contained in the database continue to be updated on a regular or irregular basis. The main scope of this paper is to inform readers about the evolution of the ISMN over the past decade, including a description of network and data set updates and quality control procedures. A comprehensive review of the existing literature making use of ISMN data is also provided in order to identify current limitations in functionality and data usage and to shape priorities for the next decade of operations of this unique community-based data repository.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Technology", "Atmospheric Science", "550", "Soil Moisture", "TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil Moisture; ISMN; IMA_CAN1; swc; STEMS", "Spatial variability", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Agency (philosophy)", "remote sensing", "Antecedent wetness conditions", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Smos brightness temperature", "Heihe river-basin", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Leaf-area index", "004", "FOS: Philosophy", " ethics and religion", "Programming language", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "Physical Sciences", "name=Water Science and Technology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1901", "Medicine", "name=Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Environmental Engineering", "Soil Moisture International Network", "0207 environmental engineering", "Epistemology", "Environmental science", "G", "Database", "Soil Moisture; network", "Arctic Permafrost Dynamics and Climate Change", "Scope (computer science)", "Land data assimilation", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Consecutive dry days", "in situ", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "AMSR-E", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Globe", "Computer science", "Environmental sciences", "QE Geology", "Philosophy", "Ophthalmology", "In-situ measurements", "13. Climate action", "ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE", "global scale", "Environmental Science", "G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system", "soil moisture", "ITC-GOLD", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2312", "Wireless sensor network"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2998914/1/prod_447100-doc_161016.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2998914/2/prod_447100-doc_178365.pdf"}, {"href": "https://research.unipg.it/bitstream/11391/1498417/2/2021_The%20international%20soil_OA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/910145/1/Dourigo_etal_2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1310924", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "N2O raw data from static greenhouse gas chamber measurements", "description": "Open AccessThis dataset contains N2O concentration measurements of a 2 years measurement campaign for greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils. The format of the data is ready to be fed into the gasfluxes R package on CRAN to calculate fluxes for each individual chamber measurement (identical IDs are referred to one single measurement, the ID contains the measurement day, treatment and replicate). The data is originally published in Krauss et al. 2017 and further used for improvements of the flux calculation procedure in H\u00fcppi et a. 2018 (see references)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "static chamber measurement", "13. Climate action", "gasfluxes", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Krauss, Maike", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1310924"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1310924", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1310924", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1310924"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13844801", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-11", "title": "Exploitation of the SoilPRO\u00ae (SP) apparatus to measure soil surface reflectance in the field: Five case studies", "description": "The SoilPRO\u00ae (SP) is an assembly designed to acquire soil reflectance information in the field without disturbing the soil surface, and regardless of atmospheric and solar radiation conditions. This paper summarizes five case studies in which the SP assembly was used for different applications. The case studies consisted of: (1) generating surface spectral measurements under any atmospheric condition; (2) comparing the performance of the SP to the traditional bare fiber method for vicarious calibration of hyperspectral satellite sensors; (3) assessing water repellency of a soil surface governed by organic matter hydrophobicity; (4) spatial prediction of the rate of water infiltration into the soil profile as governed by the soil surface seal; and (5) using the SP apparatus to measure soil surface reflectance in South Shetland Island, Antartica under severe weather conditions. The case studies included calculation of spectral quality, prediction accuracy and measurement stability. The paper discusses each of the cases in detail and concludes that the SP (or similar assembly) is the best way to measure the reflectance of the original soil surface in the field. In the first case study, the spectrum collected by the SP under daily changing illumination was shown to be stable relative to the traditional measurement methods of contact probe or bare fiber. The second case study indicated that use of the SP for vicarious calibration is much more efficient (in terms of time and stability) than ground-truth practice over a large area, and in the third case study, the SP was able to assess a soil surface property governed by organic matter hydrophobicity better than the contact probe, which destroys the soil surface organic seal. A similar achievement was gained in the fourth case study, providing a better assessment of the water-infiltration rate into the soil. In the fifth case study, the SP demonstrated impressive high-quality acquisition of soil surface reflectance with a very low sun angle over the South Pole. Based on these case studies and the high quality of the data generated by the SP in the field, we suggest building, in parallel to the classical soil spectral libraries generated in the laboratory, field soil spectral libraries that will preserve the soil surface properties scanned in the field. We anticipate the development of more applications for the SP assembly based on the capabilities shown in this paper.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "ProbeField", "Field measurements", "Science", "Soil reflectance", "EJPSOIL", "Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "SoilPRO", "Soil surface properties", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13844801"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13844801", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13844801", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13844801"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14170417", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Database for N2O emissions after EOM application", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "agricultural management", "chamber measurements", "external organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Massad, Raia Silvia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14170417"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14170417", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14170417", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14170417"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14170416", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Database for N2O emissions after EOM application", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "agricultural management", "chamber measurements", "external organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Massad, Raia Silvia", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14170416"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14170416", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14170416", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14170416"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14224783", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:23:45Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "D.2.4_ProbeField_Field Measurements Examples Over 5 Case Studies_V1", "description": "This dataset comprises pre-processed field spectra, including 132 Bare Fiber and 29 SoilPRO\u00ae spectra collected from five distinct sites representing various applications. The SoilPRO\u00ae (SP) apparatus is specifically designed to measure the reflectance of undisturbed soil surfaces, with the portable spectrometers operating in the 350\u20132500 nm range, integrated into a fixed geometry setup with stable tungsten-halogen illumination. Due to the high stability of the SoilPRO\u00ae apparatus, each spectrum represents the average reflectance from three repetitions. Alongside spectral acquisition, several soil surface properties were measured, including hydrophobicity, measurement stability relative to the Contact Probe and Bare Fiber, and spatial variation across an extensive calibration area (1000 m\u00b2). The dataset also includes measurements of soil reflectance under low solar elevation conditions near the South Pole. Average spectra obtained with the SP apparatus for different bare soil surface covers and the comparison with spectra obtained with the Bare Fiber are also included.", "keywords": ["EJP SOIL", "ProbeField", "Field measurements", "Soil reflectance", "SoilPRO", "Soil surface properties"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ben Dor, Eyal, Granot, Amihai, Rony, Wallach, Francos, Nicolas, Heller Pearlstein, Daniela, Efrati, Bar, Bor\u016fvka, Lubo\u0161, Gholizadeh, Asa, Schmid, Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224783"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14224783", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14224783", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14224783"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=measurement&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=measurement&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=measurement&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=measurement&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 135, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-14T07:27:08.963175Z"}