Siderite is stabilised against oxidation in the presence of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs) with implications for iron mineral transformations and therefore contaminant and nutrient cycling.
We evaluated global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and turnover time predictions from a global land model (ELMv1\uffe2\uff80\uff90ECA) integrated in an Earth System Model (E3SM) by comparing them with observed soil bulk and \uffce\uff9414C values around the world. We analyzed observed and simulated SOC stocks and \uffce\uff9414C values using machine learning methods at the Earth System Model grid cell scale (~200\uffc2\uffa0km). In grid cells with sufficient observations, the model provided reasonable estimates of soil carbon stocks across soil depth and \uffce\uff9414C values near the surface but underestimated \uffce\uff9414C at depth. Among many explanatory variables, soil albedo index, soil order, plant function type, air temperature, and SOC content were major factors affecting predicted SOC \uffce\uff9414C values. The influences of soil albedo index, soil order, and air temperature were primarily important in the shallow subsurface (\uffe2\uff89\uffa430\uffc2\uffa0cm). We also performed sensitivity studies using different vertical root distributions and decomposition turnover times and compared to observed SOC stock and \uffce\uff9414C profiles. The analyses support the role of vegetation in affecting soil carbon turnover, particularly in deep soil, possibly through supplying fresh carbon and degrading physical\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical protection of SOC via root activities. Allowing for grid cell\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific rooting and decomposition rates substantially reduced discrepancies between observed and predicted \uffce\uff9414C values and SOC content. Our results highlight the need for more explicit representation of roots, microbes, and soil physical protection in land models.In this study, we show that limitations in the representation of land cover and vegetation seasonality in the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) model are partially responsible for large biases (up to \uffe2\uff88\uffbc10\uffc2\uffb0C, either positive or negative depending on the region) on the simulated daily maximum land surface temperature (LST) with respect to satellite Earth Observations (EOs) products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility. The error patterns were coherent in offline land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface and coupled land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere simulations, and in ECMWF's latest generation reanalysis (ERA5). Subsequently, we updated the ECMWF model's land cover characterization leveraging on state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art EOs\uffe2\uff80\uff94the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land cover data set and the Copernicus Global Land Services leaf area index. Additionally, we tested a clumping parameterization, introducing seasonality to the effective low vegetation coverage. The updates reduced the overall daily maximum LST bias and unbiased root\uffe2\uff80\uff90mean\uffe2\uff80\uff90squared errors. In contrast, the implemented updates had a neutral impact on daily minimum LST. Our results also highlighted the complex regional heterogeneities in the atmospheric sensitivity to land cover and vegetation changes, particularly with issues emerging over eastern Brazil and northeastern Asia. These issues called for a re\uffe2\uff80\uff90calibration of model parameters (e.g., minimum stomatal resistance, roughness length, rooting depth), along with a revision of several model assumptions (e.g., snow shading by high vegetation).
", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "IMPACT", "PREDICTION", "SNOW SCHEME", "ASSIMILATION", "MODELS", "15. Life on land", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "PREDICTABILITY", "VARIABILITY", "Geophysics", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "SENSITIVITY", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1008916026143", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Spike-Frequency Adaptation Of A Generalized Leaky Integrate-And-Fire Model Neuron", "description": "Although spike-frequency adaptation is a commonly observed property of neurons, its functional implications are still poorly understood. In this work, using a leaky integrate-and-fire neural model that includes a Ca2+-activated K+ current (IAHP), we develop a quantitative theory of adaptation temporal dynamics and compare our results with recent in vivo intracellular recordings from pyramidal cells in the cat visual cortex. Experimentally testable relations between the degree and the time constant of spike-frequency adaptation are predicted. We also contrast the IAHP model with an alternative adaptation model based on a dynamical firing threshold. Possible roles of adaptation in temporal computation are explored, as a a time-delayed neuronal self-inhibition mechanism. Our results include the following: (1) given the same firing rate, the variability of interspike intervals (ISIs) is either reduced or enhanced by adaptation, depending on whether the IAHP dynamics is fast or slow compared with the mean ISI in the output spike train; (2) when the inputs are Poisson-distributed (uncorrelated), adaptation generates temporal anticorrelation between ISIs, we suggest that measurement of this negative correlation provides a probe to assess the strength of IAHP in vivo; (3) the forward masking effect produced by the slow dynamics of IAHP is nonlinear and effective at selecting the strongest input among competing sources of input signals.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Neurons", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Potassium Channels", "Time Factors", "Models", " Neurological", "Electric Conductivity", "Reaction Time", "Action Potentials", "Differential Threshold", "Calcium", "Adaptation", " Physiological"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ying-Hui Liu, Xiao Jing Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008916026143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20computational%20neuroscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1008916026143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1008916026143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1008916026143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-07", "title": "Sources of Uncertainty in Regional and Global Terrestrial CO 2 Exchange Estimates", "description": "The Global Carbon Budget 2018 (GCB2018) estimated by the atmospheric CO growth rate, fossil fuel emissions, and modeled (bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up) land and ocean fluxes cannot be fully closed, leading to a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cbudget imbalance,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d highlighting uncertainties in GCB components. However, no systematic analysis has been performed on which regions or processes contribute to this term. To obtain deeper insight on the sources of uncertainty in global and regional carbon budgets, we analyzed differences in Net Biome Productivity (NBP) for all possible combinations of bottom\uffe2\uff80\uff90up and top\uffe2\uff80\uff90down data sets in GCB2018: (i) 16 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and (ii) 5 atmospheric inversions that match the atmospheric CO growth rate. We find that the global mismatch between the two ensembles matches well the GCB2018 budget imbalance, with Brazil, Southeast Asia, and Oceania as the largest contributors. Differences between DGVMs dominate global mismatches, while at regional scale differences between inversions contribute the most to uncertainty. At both global and regional scales, disagreement on NBP interannual variability between the two approaches explains a large fraction of differences. We attribute this mismatch to distinct responses to El\uffc2\uffa0Ni\uffc3\uffb1o\uffe2\uff80\uff93Southern Oscillation variability between DGVMs and inversions and to uncertainties in land use change emissions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia. We identify key needs to reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets: reducing uncertainty in atmospheric inversions (e.g., through more observations in the tropics) and in land use change fluxes, including more land use processes and evaluating land use transitions (e.g., using high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution remote\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensing), and, finally, improving tropical hydroecological processes and fire representation within DGVMs.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "FLUXES", "550", "BURNED AREA PRODUCT", "atmospheric inversions", "01 natural sciences", "Environnement et pollution", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes atmosph\u00e9riques", "PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES", "global carbon budget", "carbon cycle", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "FOSSIL-FUEL", "VEGETATION MODEL ORCHIDEE", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "dynamic global vegetation models", "contr\u00f4le de la pollution", "Technologie de l'environnement", "INCORPORATING SPITFIRE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GB006393"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019gb006393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019gb006393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019ms001776", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-20", "title": "Mathematical Reconstruction of Land Carbon Models From Their Numerical Output: Computing Soil Radiocarbon From C Dynamics", "description": "AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) is a powerful tracer of the global carbon cycle that is commonly used to assess carbon cycling rates in various Earth system reservoirs and as a benchmark to assess model performance. Therefore, it has been recommended that Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 report predicted radiocarbon values for relevant carbon pools. However, a detailed representation of radiocarbon dynamics may be an impractical burden on model developers. Here, we present an alternative approach to compute radiocarbon values from the numerical output of an ESM that does not explicitly represent these dynamics. The approach requires computed 12C stocks and fluxes among all carbon pools for a particular simulation of the model. From this output, a time\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent linear compartmental system is computed with its respective state\uffe2\uff80\uff90transition matrix. Using transient atmospheric 14C values as inputs, the state\uffe2\uff80\uff90transition matrix is then applied to compute radiocarbon values for each pool, the average value for the entire system, and component fluxes. We demonstrate the approach with ELMv1\uffe2\uff80\uff90ECA, the land component of an ESM model that explicitly represents 12C, and 14C in 7 soil pools and 10 vertical layers. Results from our proposed method are highly accurate (relative error <0.01%) compared with the ELMv1\uffe2\uff80\uff90ECA 12C and 14C predictions, demonstrating the potential to use this approach in CMIP6 and other model simulations that do not explicitly represent 14C.
Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas.
Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium).
Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam\uffe2\uff80\uff90disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil.
The \uffe2\uff80\uff98state of alert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Proteome", "Propanols", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "Lignin", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "defence responses", "Tomato", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Stress", " Physiological", "microbiota", "Plant Immunity", "Soil Microbiology", "suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Defence responses", "Microbiota", "15. Life on land", "Lignin biosynthesis", "Gene Ontology", "Susceptible and resistant genotypes", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Defence responses; Lignin biosynthesis; Microbiota; Suppressive and conducive soils; Susceptible and resistant genotypes; Tomato; Physiology; Plant Science", "Suppressive and conducive soils", "Transcriptome", "lignin biosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1660820/1/Chialva%20et%20al%20Iris.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-04", "title": "Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil", "description": "AbstractBoreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.
", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-24", "title": "High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality", "description": "AbstractWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies, we provide a high-quality genome sequence of a cultivated accession of white lupin (2n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff8950, 451\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mb), as well as de novo assemblies of a landrace and a wild relative. We describe a modern accession displaying increased soil exploration capacity through early establishment of lateral and cluster roots. We also show how seed quality may have been impacted by domestication in term of protein profiles and alkaloid content. The availability of a high-quality genome assembly together with companion genomic and transcriptomic resources will enable the development of modern breeding strategies to increase and stabilize white lupin yield.
", "keywords": ["Repetitive Sequences", " Nucleic Acid/genetics", "0301 basic medicine", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Plant Roots/genetics", "Gene Dosage", "Plant Science", "Crop", "Alkaloids/chemistry", "Plant Roots", "Gene", "Repetitive Sequences", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Domestication", "Soil", "Models", "Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes", "Gene Duplication", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3224", "Plant Proteins/metabolism", "Plant Proteins", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Genome", "Q", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27583", "Life Sciences", "Transcriptome/genetics", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_92382", "Polymorphism", " Single Nucleotide/genetics", "Lupinus", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Protein Crop", "Seeds", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956", "White (mutation)", "Single Nucleotide/genetics", "Sequence Analysis", "Genome", " Plant", "expression des g\u00e8nes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4464", "Synteny/genetics", "Evolution", "Lupin Seeds", "Science", "Centromere", "Lupinus/genetics", "Polymorphism", " Single Nucleotide", "Article", "g\u00e9nomique", "Evolution", " Molecular", "Evolution and Nutritional Properties of Lupin Seeds", "physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "03 medical and health sciences", "Alkaloids", "Genetic", "Nucleic Acid/genetics", "Seeds/physiology", "Centromere/genetics", "Genetics", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Polymorphism", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Repetitive Sequences", " Nucleic Acid", "Sequence assembly", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25189", "Ecotype", "Models", " Genetic", "g\u00e9nome", "Botany", "Molecular", "Genetic Variation", "Molecular Sequence Annotation", "Plant", "DNA", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "s\u00e9quence nucl\u00e9otidique", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27527", "Agronomy", "Plant Leaves", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "Lupinus albus", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Genomic Structural Variation", "Plant Leaves/metabolism", "Gene expression", "Transcriptome", "am\u00e9lioration des plantes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14197-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-27", "title": "Effects of mesophyll conductance on vegetation responses to elevated CO 2 concentrations in a land surface model", "description": "AbstractMesophyll conductance (gm) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However,gmis rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes ofgmacross plant functional types (PFTs) are expected to cause spatially divergent vegetation responses to elevated CO2concentrations. Here, an extensive literature compilation ofgmacross major vegetation types is used to parameterize an empirical model ofgmin the LSM JSBACH and to adjust photosynthetic parameters based on simulatedAn\uffc2\uffa0\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffc2\uffa0Cicurves. We demonstrate that an explicit representation ofgmchanges the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, which cannot be entirely compensated by adjusting photosynthetic parameters. These altered responses lead to changes in the photosynthetic sensitivity to atmospheric CO2concentrations which depend both on the magnitude ofgmand the climatic conditions, particularly temperature. We then conducted simulations under ambient and elevated (ambient\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0200\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol/mol) CO2concentrations for contrasting ecosystems and for historical and anticipated future climate conditions (representative concentration pathways; RCPs) globally. Thegm\uffe2\uff80\uff90explicit simulations using the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in significantly higher increases in gross primary productivity (GPP) in high latitudes (+10% to + 25%), intermediate increases in temperate regions (+5% to + 15%), and slightly lower to moderately higher responses in tropical regions (\uffe2\uff88\uff922% to +5%), which summed up to moderate GPP increases globally. Similar patterns were found for transpiration, but with a lower magnitude. Our results suggest that the effect of an explicit representation ofgmis most important for simulated carbon and water fluxes in the boreal zone, where a cold climate coincides with evergreen vegetation.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "550", "Climate", "mesophyll conductance", "photosynthetic CO sensitivity", "01 natural sciences", "land surface modeling", "Carbon Cycle", "03 medical and health sciences", "photosynthetic CO2 sensitivity", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "representative concentration pathways", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "plants", "Temperature", "elevated CO concentrations", "carbon dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "13. Climate action", "elevated CO2 concentrations"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/195677/5/01_Knauer_Effects_of_mesophyll_2019.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14620", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-18", "title": "Aquatic carbon fluxes dampen the overall variation of net ecosystem productivity in the Amazon basin: An analysis of the interannual variability in the boundless carbon cycle", "description": "AbstractThe river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin.In this study we used meteorological parameters and predictive modelling interpreted by model explanation to develop stress metrics that indicate the presence of drought and heat stress at the specific environment. We started from the extreme temperature and precipitation indices, modified some of them and introduced additional drought indices relevant to the analysis. Based on maize\uffe2\uff80\uff99s sensitivity to stress, the growing season was divided into four stages. The features were calculated throughout the growing season and split in two groups, one for the drought and the other for heat stress. Generated meteorological features were combined with soil features and fed to random forest regression model for the yield prediction. Model explanation gave us the contribution of features to yield decrease, from which we estimated total amount of stress at the environments, which represents new environmental index. Using this index we ranked the environments according to the level of stress. More than 2400 hybrids were tested across the environments where they were grown and based on the yield stability they were marked as either tolerant or susceptible to heat, drought or combined heat and drought stress. Presented methodology and results were produced within the Syngenta Crop Challenge 2019.A quantitative understanding of yield response to water and nutrients is key to improving the productivity and sustainability of rainfed cropping systems. Here, we quantified the effects of rainfall, fertilization (NPK) and soil organic amendments (with straw and manure) on yields of a rainfed wheat-soybean system in the North China Plain (NCP), using 30-years\uffe2\uff80\uff99 field experimental data (1982\uffe2\uff80\uff932012) and the simulation model-AquaCrop. On average, wheat and soybean yields were 5 and 2.5 times higher in the fertilized treatments than in the unfertilized control (CK), respectively. Yields of fertilized treatments increased and yields of CK decreased over time. NPK\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89manure increased yields more than NPK alone or NPK\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89straw. The additional effect of manure is likely due to increased availability of K and micronutrients. Wheat yields were limited by rainfall and can be increased through soil mulching (15%) or irrigation (35%). In conclusion, combined applications of fertilizer NPK and manure were more effective in sustaining high crop yields than recommended fertilizer NPK applications. Manure applications led to strong accumulation of NPK and relatively low NPK use efficiencies. Water deficiency in wheat increased over time due to the steady increase in yields, suggesting that the need for soil mulching increases.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Glycine max", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Life Science", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17514"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep17514", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep17514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep17514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-021-01991-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-18", "title": "Diverse phylogenetic neighborhoods enhance community resistance to drought in experimental assemblages", "description": "AbstractAlthough the role played by phylogeny in the assembly of plant communities remains as a priority to complete the theory of species coexistence, experimental evidence is lacking. It is still unclear to what extent phylogenetic diversity is a driver or a consequence of species assembly processes. We experimentally explored how phylogenetic diversity can drive the community level responses to drought conditions in annual plant communities. We manipulated the initial phylogenetic diversity of the assemblages and the water availability in a common garden experiment with two irrigation treatments: average natural rainfall and drought, formed with annual plant species of gypsum ecosystems of Central Spain. We recorded plant survival and the numbers of flowering and fruiting plants per species in each assemblage. GLMMs were performed for the proportion of surviving, flowering, fruiting plants per species and for total proportion of surviving species and plants per pot. In water limited conditions, high phylogenetic diversity favored species coexistence over time with higher plant survival and more flowering and fruiting plants per species and more species and plants surviving per pot. Our results agree with the existence of niche complementarity and the convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for promoting species coexistence in plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean habitats. Our findings point to high phylogenetic diversity among neighboring plants as a plausible feature underpinning the coexistence of species, because the success of each species in terms of surviving and producing offspring in drought conditions was greater when the initial phylogenetic diversity was higher. Our study is a step forward to understand how phylogenetic relatedness is connected to the mechanisms determining the maintenance of biodiversity. Siderite is stabilised against oxidation in the presence of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs) with implications for iron mineral transformations and therefore contaminant and nutrient cycling.
Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and were of short duration and based on a variety of experimental designs. In addition, comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of techniques have been used to achieve experimental warming and different measurements have been used to assess responses. We used metaanalysis on plant community measurements from standardized warming experiments at 11 locations across the tundra biome involved in the International Tundra Experiment. The passive warming treatment increased plant-level air temperature by 1-3\uffc2\uffb0C, which is in the range of predicted and observed warming for tundra regions. Responses were rapid and detected in whole plant communities after only two growing seasons. Overall, warming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lichens, and decreased species diversity and evenness. These results predict that warming will cause a decline in biodiversity across a wide variety of tundra, at least in the short term. They also provide rigorous experimental evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to climate warming. These changes have important implications for processes and interactions within tundra ecosystems and between tundra and the atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Environment", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Climatic changes Environmental aspects", "Effects of global warming on", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Arctic and alpine ecosystems", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "500", "Genetic Variation", "Biodiversity", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "0503 (four-digit-FOR)", "Tundra ecology", "13. Climate action", "Vegetation change", "Plants", " Effects of global warming on", "Software", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/884/1/ITEX_PNAS%20%282006%29%20hi%20res.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.0503198103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.0503198103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.0503198103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1018189108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-24", "title": "Soil Warming, Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions, And Forest Carbon Budgets", "description": "Soil warming has the potential to alter both soil and plant processes that affect carbon storage in forest ecosystems. We have quantified these effects in a large, long-term (7-y) soil-warming study in a deciduous forest in New England. Soil warming has resulted in carbon losses from the soil and stimulated carbon gains in the woody tissue of trees. The warming-enhanced decay of soil organic matter also released enough additional inorganic nitrogen into the soil solution to support the observed increases in plant carbon storage. Although soil warming has resulted in a cumulative net loss of carbon from a New England forest relative to a control area over the 7-y study, the annual net losses generally decreased over time as plant carbon storage increased. In the seventh year, warming-induced soil carbon losses were almost totally compensated for by plant carbon gains in response to warming. We attribute the plant gains primarily to warming-induced increases in nitrogen availability. This study underscores the importance of incorporating carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff93nitrogen interactions in atmosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93ocean\uffe2\uff80\uff93land earth system models to accurately simulate land feedbacks to the climate system.
", "keywords": ["Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Temperature", "Plant Development", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018189108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1018189108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1018189108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1018189108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1217382110", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-02", "title": "Plant Diversity Effects On Soil Food Webs Are Stronger Than Those Of Elevated Co2 And N Deposition In A Long-Term Grassland Experiment", "description": "Recent metaanalyses suggest biodiversity loss affects the functioning of ecosystems to a similar extent as other global environmental change agents. However, the abundance and functioning of soil organisms have been hypothesized to be much less responsive to such changes, particularly in plant diversity, than aboveground variables, although tests of this hypothesis are extremely rare. We examined the responses of soil food webs (soil microorganisms, nematodes, microarthropods) to 13-y manipulation of multiple environmental factors that are changing at global scales\uffe2\uff80\uff94specifically plant species richness, atmospheric CO 2 , and N deposition\uffe2\uff80\uff94in a grassland experiment in Minnesota. Plant diversity was a strong driver of the structure and functioning of soil food webs through several bottom-up (resource control) effects, whereas CO 2 and N only had modest effects. We found few interactions between plant diversity and CO 2 and N, likely because of weak interactive effects of those factors on resource availability (e.g., root biomass). Plant diversity effects likely were large because high plant diversity promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter in the site\uffe2\uff80\uff99s sandy, organic matter\uffe2\uff80\uff93poor soils. Plant diversity effects were not explained by the presence of certain plant functional groups. Our results underline the prime importance of plant diversity loss cascading to soil food webs (density and diversity of soil organisms) and functions. Because the present results suggest prevailing plant diversity effects and few interactions with other global change drivers, protecting plant diversity may be of high priority to maintain the biodiversity and functioning of soils in a changing world.
", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Food Chain", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Minnesota", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Linear Models", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1217382110"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1217382110", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1217382110", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1217382110"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1905912116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-06", "title": "Disentangling the role of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance on rising forest water-use efficiency", "description": "Multiple lines of evidence suggest that plant water-use efficiency (WUE)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the ratio of carbon assimilation to water loss\uffe2\uff80\uff94has increased in recent decades. Although rising atmospheric CO 2 has been proposed as the principal cause, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still being debated, and implications for the global water cycle remain uncertain. Here, we addressed this gap using 30-y tree ring records of carbon and oxygen isotope measurements and basal area increment from 12 species in 8 North American mature temperate forests. Our goal was to separate the contributions of enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance to WUE trends and to assess consistency between multiple commonly used methods for estimating WUE. Our results show that tree ring-derived estimates of increases in WUE are consistent with estimates from atmospheric measurements and predictions based on an optimal balancing of carbon gains and water costs, but are lower than those based on ecosystem-scale flux observations. Although both physiological mechanisms contributed to rising WUE, enhanced photosynthesis was widespread, while reductions in stomatal conductance were modest and restricted to species that experienced moisture limitations. This finding challenges the hypothesis that rising WUE in forests is primarily the result of widespread, CO 2 -induced reductions in stomatal conductance. Understanding the principles underlying microbial growth is paramount to the cycle of carbon and nutrients in the biosphere, bioremediation technologies, and biochemical engineering, as well as to natural selection and evolution. Yet, fundamental questions remain on the links between mass and energy balances in microbial metabolism and growth. Guided by a nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework, we interpret extensive literature data on microbial growth. The analysis reveals how mass and energy conversion are tightly coupled by scaling laws relating the thermodynamic efficiency to the electron donor uptake rate and the growth yield. Most importantly, these results appear to be universal, in that they apply across microbial species and metabolic pathways, and pave the way for a general thermodynamic theory of microbiological systems.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "energy dissipation", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "energy scaling", "Entropy", "microbial growth", "thermodynamic efficiency", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Models", " Biological", "thermodynamics", "03 medical and health sciences", "Thermodynamics", "Biomass", "Den kondenserade materiens fysik"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2107668118"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107668118"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.2107668118", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.2107668118", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.2107668118"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/ber2004347", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-04", "title": "Abundance, Dispersion And Parasitism Of The Stem Borer Busseola Fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) In Maize In The Humid Forest Zone Of Southern Cameroon", "description": "AbstractThis study was conducted in the humid forest zone of Cameroon, in 2002 and 2003. The main objective was to investigate the effects of intercropping on infestation levels and parasitism of the noctuid maize stem borer Busseola fusca Fuller. Two trials were planted per year, one during the long and one during the short rainy season. Maize monocrops were compared with maize/legume or maize/cassava intercrops in two spatial arrangements: maize on alternate hills or in alternate rows. Spatial analyses showed that the stemborer egg batches were regularly dispersed in the maize monocrop and aggregated in the intercrops, as indicated by b, the index of dispersion of Taylor's power law. Depending on the crop association and planting pattern, intercrops reduced the percentage of plants with stem borer eggs by 47.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9358.4% and egg densities by 41.2\uffe2\uff80\uff9354.5% compared to monocropped maize. Consequently, larval densities were 44.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9361.5% lower in intercrops compared to monocrops. Intercropping maize with non-host plants did not affect larval parasitism. Up to two-fold higher levels of egg parasitism by scelionid Telenomus spp. were recorded in inter- compared to monocrops during the short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003. No differences were found among the mixed cropping treatments and parasitism was lower during the long compared to the short rainy seasons. It was proposed that differences in levels of parasitism were due to density dependence effects rather than the effect of the presence of non-host plants in the system.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Population Density", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Tropical Climate", "Wasps", "Agriculture", "Moths", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Larva", "Linear Models", "Animals", "Cameroon", "Seasons", "Ovum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Chabi-Olaye, Christian Nolte, Christian Borgemeister, Fritz Schulthess,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/ber2004347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Entomological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/ber2004347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/ber2004347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/ber2004347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-26", "title": "Land-atmospheric feedbacks during droughts and heatwaves: state of the science and current challenges", "description": "AbstractDroughts and heatwaves cause agricultural loss, forest mortality, and drinking water scarcity, especially when they occur simultaneously as combined events. Their predicted increase in recurrence and intensity poses serious threats to future food security. Still today, the knowledge of how droughts and heatwaves start and evolve remains limited, and so does our understanding of how climate change may affect them. Droughts and heatwaves have been suggested to intensify and propagate via land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere feedbacks. However, a global capacity to observe these processes is still lacking, and climate and forecast models are immature when it comes to representing the influences of land on temperature and rainfall. Key open questions remain in our goal to uncover the real importance of these feedbacks: What is the impact of the extreme meteorological conditions on ecosystem evaporation? How do these anomalies regulate the atmospheric boundary layer state (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensification) and contribute to the inflow of heat and moisture to other regions (event self\uffe2\uff80\uff90propagation)? Can this knowledge on the role of land feedbacks, when available, be exploited to develop geo\uffe2\uff80\uff90engineering mitigation strategies that prevent these events from aggravating during their early stages? The goal of our perspective is not to present a convincing answer to these questions, but to assess the scientific progress to date, while highlighting new and innovative avenues to keep advancing our understanding in the future.
", "keywords": ["Hot Temperature", "Climate Change", "drought", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "heatwave", "SURFACE EVAPORATION", "CLIMATE EXTREMES", "Humans", "drought; heatwave; land feedback; land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "land feedback", "land\u2013atmospheric interactions", "SAHEL CLIMATE", "Ecosystem", "HEAT-WAVE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "SUMMER", "WATER-VAPOR", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "land-atmospheric interactions", "GRASSLAND ENERGY-EXCHANGE", "Perspectives"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20York%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nyas.13912", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nyas.13912"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-24", "title": "Using research networks to create the comprehensive datasets needed to assess nutrient availability as a key determinant of terrestrial carbon cycling", "description": "Open AccessA wide range of research shows that nutrient availability strongly influences terrestrial carbon (C) cycling and shapes ecosystem responses to environmental changes and hence terrestrial feedbacks to climate. Nonetheless, our understanding of nutrient controls remains far from complete and poorly quantified, at least partly due to a lack of informative, comparable, and accessible datasets at regional-to-global scales. A growing research infrastructure of multi-site networks are providing valuable data on C fluxes and stocks and are monitoring their responses to global environmental change and measuring responses to experimental treatments. These networks thus provide an opportunity for improving our understanding of C-nutrient cycle interactions and our ability to model them. However, coherent information on how nutrient cycling interacts with observed C cycle patterns is still generally lacking. Here, we argue that complementing available C-cycle measurements from monitoring and experimental sites with data characterizing nutrient availability will greatly enhance their power and will improve our capacity to forecast future trajectories of terrestrial C cycling and climate. Therefore, we propose a set of complementary measurements that are relatively easy to conduct routinely at any site or experiment and that, in combination with C cycle observations, can provide a robust characterization of the effects of nutrient availability across sites. In addition, we discuss the power of different observable variables for informing the formulation of models and constraining their predictions. Most widely available measurements of nutrient availability often do not align well with current modelling needs. This highlights the importance to foster the interaction between the empirical and modelling communities for setting future research priorities.", "keywords": ["Global vegetation models", "550", "manipulation experiments", "Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkages", "Kolefni", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "Jar\u00f0vegur", "Environmental resource management", "Global change", "General Environmental Science", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Carbon-nutrient cycle interactions", "2. 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