{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:16:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-12", "title": "Long-Term Organic Farming Fosters Below And Aboveground Biota: Implications For Soil Quality, Biological Control And Productivity", "description": "Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between \u201cherbicide-free\u201d bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "generalist predators", "respiration microbienne", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "faune du sol", "natural enemies", "alternative prey", "630", "nitrogen", "food-web", "Soil", "agriculture biologique", "cycle biologique", "herbicide", "min\u00e9ralisation de l'azote", "fertilisation organique", "fertilisation min\u00e9rale", "soil quality", "2. Zero hunger", "agriculture biodynamique", "agriculture conventionnelle", "nutrient cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sustainability", "long terme", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "mycorrhizal fungi", "ennemi naturel", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "DOK trial;ecosystem functioning;farming system;fertilization;generalist predators;microbial community;nutrient cycling;natural enemies;soil fauna;soil quality;sustainability", "microbial community", "soil fauna", "agricultural systems", "management", "570", "agroecosystems", "Soil quality", "suisse", "productivit\u00e9", "Soil biology", "culture c\u00e9r\u00e9aliere", "triticum aestivum", "biomasse microbienne", "biomass", "DOK trial", "15. Life on land", "qualit\u00e9 biologique du sol", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming system", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00324.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-02", "title": "Effect Of Cropping Systems On Cereal Stemborers In The Cool-Wet And Semi-Arid Ecozones Of The Amhara Region Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract<p>1\uffe2\uff80\uff82Field experiments were conducted on maize and sorghum at three locations in the Amhara state of Ethiopia to determine the effects of mixed cropping on stemborer infestation, borer natural enemies and grain yields. In the cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90wet ecozone of western Amhara, sole maize was compared with maize intercropped with faba bean, mustard, potatoes and cowpea. In the semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid ecozone of eastern Amhara, the trial was conducted on both maize and sorghum with the companion crops haricot bean, sesame, cowpea and sweet potatoes.</p><p>2\uffe2\uff80\uff82The results showed that the predominant borer species in western and eastern Amhara were, respectively, Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus. In Addis Zemen, western Amhara, maize intercropped with mustard and potatoes had significantly lower pest numbers and percent tunnelling than other intercrops and the maize monocrop during the vegetative stage. In eastern Amhara, the cropping system did not significantly affect pest densities but damage to stem, ear or heads tended to be greatest when cereals were intercropped with sweet potatoes.</p><p>3\uffe2\uff80\uff82Parasitism of C. partellus by the braconid Cotesia flavipes was greater on maize than sorghum, and on maize it was greater with sweet potatoes than in other intercrops or sole maize. Cocoon mass number per plant did not vary significantly between treatments.</p><p>4\uffe2\uff80\uff82There were significant differences between treatments in yields of both sorghum and maize (per plant and per unit area) with the lowest yields observed when they were intercropped with a tuber crop.</p><p>5\uffe2\uff80\uff82The results suggest that simultaneous planting of the crop species selected has little advantage over monocropped maize.</p>", "keywords": ["Cool-wet and semi-arid ecozones", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "571", "Intercrops", "Stemborers", "Natural enemies", "Maize and sorghum", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Amhara", "Borer damage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kairu, E. W., Wale, M., Schulthess, F., Omwega, C. O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00324.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00324.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00324.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00324.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.6m905qg4x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:19:43Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Inconsistent responses of carabid beetles and spiders to land-use intensity and landscape complexity in Northwestern Europe", "description": "Open AccessWe used data on natural enemy communities in 66 paired winter  wheat fields in four Northwestern European countries (Germany, the  Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom) to investigate the response of  natural enemy communities to landscape complexity, local land-use  intensity and soil organic matter content, and specifically examined  whether and how responses differ between dominant and non-dominant  species. We focused on carabid beetles and spiders as they represent the  two groups of natural enemies in arable fields in Northwestern European  and widely used as bioindicators (Lang et al., 1999; Borchard et al.,  2014). We used pitfall traps to collect carabids and spiders in field  pairs that covered a gradient in land-use intensity and landscape  complexity, with fields within pairs having contrasting soil organic  carbon content.\u00a0 Pitfall traps (polypropylene beakers  155 mm high and 95 mm across) were used to survey ground-dwelling  arthropods during the wheat flowering season (late May to early June). We  placed one pitfall trap in the center of each treatment subplot at least  10 m from the field edge and filled it with 200 mL of a mixed solution of  2/3 water and 1/3 glycol and a drop of detergent to lower surface tension.  A square aluminum plate was placed approximately 10 cm above each pitfall  trap to prevent flooding by rain. Pitfall traps were opened for 10 days.  All of the collected arthropods were stored in 70% ethanol solution for  later identification. For the purpose of our study, the two most abundant  species groups, carabid beetles (<em>Carabidae</em>) and adult  spiders (<em>Araneae</em>), were selected as our bioindicators  and they were counted and identified to species level using standard keys  (Hackston, 2020; Nentwig et al., 2021). We determined the diet preference  of each carabid beetle species based on Larochelle (1990) and the hunting  strategy of all observed spider species based on Cardoso et al. (2011)  following Gall\u00e9 et al. (2019). Furthermore, because the arthropod  communities will inevitably differ in composition between countries, we  classified the carabids or spiders as <em>nationally</em>  dominant and non-dominant species based on whether species made up  respectively more or less than 5% of the total number of individuals  caught of each species group in a country following Kleijn et al.  (2015).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "ecological intensification", "Earth and related environmental sciences", "pest control service", "evenness", "dominant species", "14. Life underwater", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "natural enemies"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mei, Zulin, Scheper, Jeroen, Bommarco, Riccardo, de Groot, Gerard Arjen, Garratt, Michael P. D., Hedlund, Katarina, Potts, Simon G., Redlich, Sarah, Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, van der Putten, Wim H., van Gils, Stijn, Kleijn, David,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6m905qg4x"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.6m905qg4x", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.6m905qg4x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.6m905qg4x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "52740521-a702-44ac-a5c5-b24a54ede7f6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[8.28, 51.05], [8.28, 52.72], [14.63, 52.72], [14.63, 51.05], [8.28, 51.05]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "agroforestry"}, {"id": "postharvest control"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "natural enemies"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-09-10", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-07-02", "language": "eng", "title": "Spatial and temporal aphid predation data for four temperate alley-cropping agroforestry sites from 2023", "description": "This dataset is provided by the SIGNAL subproject \u201cMacrofauna diversity and pest control in temperate agroforestry systems\u201d and contains aphid predation data from aphid cards of four cropland alley-cropping sites in Northern Germany. Each site comprised of an alley-cropping agroforestry system (AF) and an adjacent open cropland system (OC) serving as a reference land-use system without trees. At each agroforestry system, three subplots were established and arranged along linear transects orthogonal to the orientation of the tree row, spanning from the edge of the tree row to the center of the crop row. Each subplot in the agroforestry systems contained a transect with sampling points at 1, 7, and 24 m (center of the crop row) distance from the tree row edge into the crop row. Open cropland systems had three subplots (sampling point) with a minimum distance of 25 m between each other and at least 30 m to the field margins. At each sampling point two aphid cards were laid out. In total, 24 aphid cards (18 agroforestry, 6 open cropland) were set up at each site. Aphid cards were manufactured using conventional sand paper (grain-size 400) folded up like a gable. On one of the rough interior sides six glue dots (UHU, Max Repair; Universal) were placed with a distance of 1 cm to each other. After placing adult black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) alive on the glue dots, aphid cards were immediately frozen at -20\u00b0C. Aphids, which were lost before exposure were counted and excluded from evaluation. Aphid cards were exposed for 48h in May and five weeks later (35 days) in June. After exposure, aphid cards were evaluated under the microscope regarding the type of damage they received (abducted, chewing marks).\n\nResearch domain: Ecology of Agricultural Landscapes\n\nResearch question: None", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "agroforestry", "postharvest control", "opendata", "natural enemies", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": "Sagolla, Viktoria", "organization": "Georg-August University G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Viktoria.sagolla@uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3786-8868", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Schuldt, Andreas", "organization": "Georg-August University G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "andreas.schuldt@forst.uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "ZALF", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Beule, Lukas", "organization": "Organisation: Julius K\u00fchn Institute (JKI)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "lukas.beule@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Schuldt, Andreas", "organization": "Georg-August University G\u00f6ttingen", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "andreas.schuldt@forst.uni-goettingen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Georg-August University G\u00f6ttingen;Organisation: Julius K\u00fchn Institute (JKI)", "roles": ["contributor"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=52740521-a702-44ac-a5c5-b24a54ede7f6", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://metadata.bonares.de:443/smartEditor/preview/SIGNAL_Trappingdesign_2023.JPG", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "52740521-a702-44ac-a5c5-b24a54ede7f6", "name": "item", "description": "52740521-a702-44ac-a5c5-b24a54ede7f6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/52740521-a702-44ac-a5c5-b24a54ede7f6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "5a8b3308-8378-4e3a-9050-34cf1bd24b1e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[8.28, 51.05], [8.28, 52.72], [14.63, 52.72], [14.63, 51.05], [8.28, 51.05]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "agroforestry"}, {"id": "postharvest control"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "natural enemies"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-09-17", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-07-02", "language": "eng", "title": "Spatial and temporal seed predation data for four temperate alley-cropping agroforestry sites from 2023", "description": "This dataset is provided by the SIGNAL subproject \u201cMacrofauna diversity and pest control in temperate agroforestry systems\u201d and contains seed predation data from seed cards of four cropland alley-cropping sites in Northern Germany. Each site comprised of an alley-cropping agroforestry system (AF) and an adjacent open cropland system (OC) serving as a reference land-use system without trees. At each agroforestry system, three subplots were established and arranged along linear transects orthogonal to the orientation of the tree row, spanning from the edge of the tree row to the center of the crop row. Each subplot in the agroforestry systems contained a transect with sampling points at 1, 7, and 24 m (center of the crop row) distance from the tree row edge into the crop row. Open cropland systems had three subplots (sampling point) with a minimum distance of 25 m between each other and at least 30 m to the field margins. At each sampling point two different seed cards were laid out. One card with weed seeds (Avena fatua) and another one with crop seeds (Hordeum vulgare). In total, 12 seed cards (9 agroforestry, 3 open cropland) of each type were set up at each site. Seed cards were manufactured using conventional sand paper (grain-size 400), labeled on the smooth side. The rough side was covered with repositionable spray adhesive (3M spray mount, art. no. 6065) and 10 seeds of the respective species were positioned in the middle of the cards. The glue was left to dry and covered with sand to avoid arthropods getting stuck on remaining glue. Seeds, which were lost before exposure were counted and excluded from evaluation. Seed cards were exposed for 48h in May and five weeks later (35 days) in June. 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