{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-27", "title": "Size Of Precipitation Pulses Controls Nitrogen Transformation And Losses In An Arid Patagonian Ecosystem", "description": "Arid ecosystems receive precipitation pulses of different sizes that may differentially affect nitrogen (N) losses and N turnover during the growing season. We designed a rainfall manipulation experiment in the Patagonian steppe, southern Argentina, where we simulated different precipitation patterns by adding the same amount of water in evenly spaced three-small rainfall events or in one-single large rainfall event, three times during a growing season. We measured the effect of the size of rainfall pulses on N mineralization and N losses by denitrification, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate and ammonia leaching. Irrigation pulses stimulated N mineralization (P < 0.05), with small and frequent pulses showing higher responses than large pulses (P < 0.10). Irrigation effects were transient and did not result in changes in seasonal net N mineralization suggesting a long-term substrate limitation. Water pulses stimulated gaseous N losses by denitrification, with large pulses showing higher responses than small pulses (P < 0.05), but did not stimulate ammonia volatilization. Nitrate leaching also was higher after large than after small precipitation events (P < 0.05). Small events produced higher N transformations and lower N losses by denitrification and nitrate leaching than large events, which would produce higher N availability for plant growth. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation events and the proportion of large to small rainfall events. Our results suggest that these changes would result in reduced N availability and a competitive advantage for deep-rooted species that prefer nitrate over ammonia. Similarly, the ammonium:nitrate ratio might decrease because large events foster nitrate losses but not ammonium losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia Volatilization", "Precipitation Pulses", "Arid Ecosystems", "Patagonian Steppe", "Nitrate Leaching", "Soil Inorganic N", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Net N Mineralization", "13. Climate action", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Nitrogen-Water Interactions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-04", "title": "Control Of Nitrate Pollution By Application Of Controlled Release Fertilizer (Crf), Compost And An Optimized Irrigation System", "description": "Open Access5 p\u00e1ginas, 2 figuras y 3 tablas estad\u00edsticas", "keywords": ["Nitrate leaching", "2. Zero hunger", "Pollution", " fertilizer", "Fertilizer", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Irrigation", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fertilizer%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Fate Of The Nitrogen From Fertilizers In Field-Grown Maize", "description": "Fil: Rimski korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Organic Fractions", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Nitrate Leaching", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tagged Nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-25", "title": "Nitrate Leaching From Organic And Conventional Arable Crop Farms In The Seine Basin (France)", "description": "In the Seine Basin, characterised by intensive arable crops, most of the surface and groundwater is contaminated by nitrate (NO3-). The goal of this study is to investigate nitrogen leaching on commercial arable crop farms in five organic and three conventional systems. In 2012-2013, a total of 37 fields are studied on eight arable crop rotations, for three different soil and climate conditions. Our results show a gradient of soil solution concentrations in function of crops, lower for alfalfa (mean 2.8 mg NO3-N l(-1)) and higher for crops fertilised after legumes (15 mg NO3-N l(-1)). Catch crops decrease nitrate soil solution concentrations, below 10 mg NO3-N l(-1). For a full rotation, the estimated mean concentrations is lower for organic farming, 12 +/- 5 mg NO3-N l(-1) than for conventional farming 24 +/- 11 mg NO3-N l(-1), with however a large range of variability. Overall, organic farming shows lower leaching rates (14-50 kg NO3-N ha(-1)) than conventional farms (32-77 kg NO3-N ha(-1)). Taking into account the slightly lower productivity of organic systems, we show that yield-scaled leaching values are also lower for organic (0.2 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)) than for conventional systems (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)). Overall, we show that organic farming systems have lower impact than conventional farming on N leaching, although there is still room for progress in both systems in commercial farms.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Nitrate leaching", "Farmer-centred approach", "Arable crops", "13. Climate action", "Ceramic cups", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Benoit, Marie, Garnier, Josette, Anglade, Juliette, Billen, Gilles,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9650-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-29", "title": "Effects Of Grass-Clover Management And Cover Crops On Nitrogen Cycling And Nitrous Oxide Emissions In A Stockless Organic Crop Rotation", "description": "Nitrogen (N) supply in stockless organic farming may be improved through use of grass-clover for anaerobic digestion, producing biogas and digested manure for use as fertilizer in the crop rotation. We studied the effects of grass-clover management on N cycling, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and cash-crop yields in an organic arable crop rotation on a sandy loam soil in a cool temperate climate. The four-course crop rotation included spring barley (with undersown grass-clover), grass-clover, potato and winter wheat (with undersown cover crop). Two fertilization treatments were compared: \u201c\u2212M\u201d where plant material from grass-clover cuts was left in the field to decompose and no fertilizer or manure was applied to any crop in the rotation; and \u201c+M\u201d where plant material from grass-clover cuts was harvested and equivalent amounts of N in digested manure used for fertilization of cash crops in the rotation (spring barley, potato and winter wheat); actual digestion of grass-clover cuttings was not possible, instead digested pig manure was used as substitute for digested grass-clover. Nitrous oxide fluxes were monitored between April 2008 and May 2009. In general, application of digested manure had little or no effect on N2O emissions. Periods of high N2O emissions coincided with cover crop and grass-clover residue turnover, with little added effect of digested manure application. Annual N2O emissions did not vary between fertilization treatments, but the +M treatment had cash crop dry matter yields that were 14% higher than in the \u2212M treatment, and cash crop N yields were increased by 40%. The results show that reallocation of nutrients from grass-clover to cash crops following anaerobic digestion can help solve problems with low N availability. However, issues remain regarding N2O from cover crops and grass-clover in spring.", "keywords": ["anaerobic digestion", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "organic farming", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "grass-clover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-23", "title": "Effect Of Soil Warming And Rainfall Patterns On Soil N Cycling In Northern Europe", "description": "Abstract   With climate change northern Europe is expected to experience extreme increase in air temperatures, particularly during the winter months, influencing soil temperatures in these regions. Climate change is also projected to influence the rainfall amount, and its inter- and intra-annual variability. These changes may affect soil moisture regimes, soil water drainage, soil nitrogen (N) availability and N leaching to aquatic environment and N2O emissions to atmosphere. Thus it is important to study the effects of increased soil temperature and varying rainfall patterns on soil N cycling in arable land from temperate climates, which is a major source of N pollution. An open-field lysimeter study was carried out during 2008\u20132009 in Denmark on loamy sand soil (Typic Hapludult) with three factors: number of rainy days, rainfall amount and soil warming. Number of rainy days included the mean monthly rainy days for 1961\u20131990 as \u2018normal\u2019 and half the number of rainy days of former as \u2018reduced\u2019 treatments. Rainfall amount included mean monthly rainfall for 1961\u20131990 as \u2018present\u2019 and the projected change in mean monthly rainfall for 2071\u20132100 as \u2018future\u2019 treatments. Soil warming included increase in soil temperature by 5\u00a0\u00b0C at 0.1\u00a0m depth as \u2018heated\u2019 and non-heated as \u2018control\u2019 treatments. Automated mobile rain-out shelter and irrigation system, and insulated buried heating cables were used to impose the treatments.  Soil warming, compared with unheated control, advanced winter wheat crop development, and increased the above-ground biomass and N uptake only during vegetative stage, but shortened the total crop growing period by 12 days without reducing the total above-ground biomass. Rainfall amount and rainy days treatments increased the drainage, 46% and 10%, respectively, but did not have additive effect on the drainage. In contrast, soil warming increased crop evapotranspiration (18%) and reduced drainage (41%). The projected future rainfall amount increased NO3-N leaching (289%) compared with present rainfall amount. The study showed significant interaction between soil warming and rainfall amount (P", "keywords": ["Nitrate leaching", "Winter wheat", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "BRIC", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Drainage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Bric", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-07", "title": "Nitrate Leaching Under Maize Cropping Systems In Po Valley (Italy)", "description": "Intensive crop production in Po Valley (Northern Italy) is associated to high risk of nitrate leaching. A multi-year monitoring of soil solution nitrogen was conducted at 6 sites under the ordinary farm management of maize crop (lea mays L.) in order to assess NO3-N leaching. The amount of N fertilizer (organic + mineral) varied from 209 to 801 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). Maize biomass ranged from 15 to 32 t ha(-1) and N removal from 150 to 400 kg ha(-1). Soil water solution was sampled at five depths along the soil profile (from 0.3 to 1.5 m) at time intervals of 7-30 days using suction cups. Soil water content (SWC) was measured daily by TDR at the same depths of suction cups. Soil water NO3-N concentrations varied from 0 to 110 mg L-1, with the highest concentrations measured after fertilizer application. Once validated on measured SWC data, SWAP model was applied to estimate the drainage flux. Annual leaching was calculated by multiplying drainage flux by soil water NO3-N concentration. N Leaching ranged from 14 to 321 kg ha(-1) year(-1), according to fertilization, crop N removal, rainfall, irrigation management, and it was mainly affected by N surplus. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Intensive cropping system; Irrigation; Nitrate leaching; Nitrogen fertilization; Suction cup", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-21", "title": "How Important Is N2o Production In Removing Atmospherically Deposited Nitrogen From Uk Moorland Catchments?", "description": "Nitrate (NO3\u2212) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N2O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO3\u2212 leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N2O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 \u00b0C with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution, followed by measurement of N2O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N2O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH4NO3 additions at the Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N2O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH4NO3 additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N2 was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N2O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N2O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10\u201380% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO3\u2212 supply is not limiting.", "keywords": ["denitrification", "nitrous oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "moorlands", "nitrogen deposition", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "nitrogen saturation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Cover Crop Growth And Impact On N Leaching As Affected By Pre- And Postharvest Sowing And Time Of Incorporation", "description": "Abstract<p>InNorthernEurope, cover crops are traditionally established before spring crops by undersowing, but some cover crops might also have an effect if preharvest sown before spring crops and even winter crops. The effects of cover crop sowing date, sowing technique and succeeding main crop on biomass production, N uptake, nitrate leaching and soil inorganic N were tested in lysimeters and in the field. Cruciferous cover crops (oil radish, white mustard) were sown preharvest by broadcasting into winter wheat in July and were allowed to grow until a following winter wheat was established in September. Other preharvest cover crops were left in place until late autumn. For comparison, the same cruciferous cover crops were established postharvest after light harrowing. Perennial ryegrass undersown in spring barley was also included. Aboveground N uptake in preharvest cover crops amounted to a maximum of 24\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha in September before sowing winter wheat. When left until late autumn, preharvest oil radish took up a maximum of 66\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha, and ryegrass and postharvest cover crops 35\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N/ha. Preharvest establishment of cruciferous cover crops before a spring\uffe2\uff80\uff90sown crop thus seems promising. The soil was depleted of inorganic N to the same extent in late autumn irrespective of cover crop type, sowing time and technique within winter wheat or spring barley. However, the reduction in nitrate leaching of preharvest cover crops incorporated after 2\uffc2\uffa0months and followed by winter wheat was only half of that achieved by cover crops left until late autumn or spring.</p>", "keywords": ["Nitrate leaching", "Winter wheat", "2. Zero hunger", "N uptake", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Lysimeters", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Spring barley"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12083", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-22", "description": "Agroecosystem nitrogen (N) loss produces greenhouse gases, induces eutrophication, and is costly for farmers; therefore, conservation agricultural management practices aimed at reducing N loss are increasingly adopted. However, the ecosystem consequences of these practices have not been well-studied. We quantified N loss via leaching, NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N retention in plant and soil pools of corn conservation agroecosystems in Kentucky, USA. Three systems were evaluated: (1) an unfertilized, organic system with cover crops hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), or a mix of the two (bi-culture); (2) an organic system with a hairy vetch cover crop employing three fertilization schemes (0 N, organic N, or a fertilizer N-credit approach); and (3) a conventional system with a winter wheat cover crop and three fertilization schemes (0 N, urea N, or organic N). In the unfertilized organic system, cover crop species affected NO3-N leaching (vetch > bi-culture > wheat) and N2O-N emissions and yield during corn growth (vetch, bi-culture > wheat). Fertilization increased soil inorganic N, gaseous N loss, N leaching, and yield in the organic vetch and conventional wheat systems. Fertilizer scheme affected the magnitude of growing season N2O-N loss in the organic vetch system (organic N > fertilizer N-credit) and the timing of loss (organic N delayed N2O-N loss vs. urea) and NO3-N leaching (urea >> organic N) in the conventional wheat system, but had no effect on yield. Cover crop selection and N fertilization techniques can reduce N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing yield, thereby enhancing N conservation in both organic and conventional conservation agriculture systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide emissions", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "conservation agriculture", "ammonia volatilization", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02260"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2017.02260", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2017.02260"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w9020141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-22", "title": "Water Leakage And Nitrate Leaching Characteristics In The Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System In The North China Plain Under Different Irrigation And Fertilization Management Practices", "description": "<p>Field experiments were carried out in Huantai County from 2006 to 2008 to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation management practices on water leakage and nitrate leaching in the dominant wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP). Two N fertilization (NF1, the traditional one; NF2, fertilization based on soil testing) and two irrigation (IR1, the traditional one; IR2, irrigation based on real-time soil water content monitoring) management practices were designed in the experiments. Water and nitrate amounts leaving the soil layer at a depth of 2.0 m below the soil surface were calculated and compared. Results showed that the IR2 effectively reduced water leakage and nitrate leaching amounts in the two-year period, especially in the winter wheat season. Less than 10 percent irrigation water could be saved in a dry winter wheat season, but about 60 percent could be saved in a wet winter wheat season. Besides, 58.8 percent nitrate under single NF2IR1 and 85.2 percent under NF2IR2 could be prevented from leaching. The IR2 should be considered as the best management practice to save groundwater resources and prevent nitrate from leaching. The amounts of N input play a great role in affecting nitrate concentrations in the soil solutions in the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer maize rotation system. The NF2 significantly reduced N inputs and should be encouraged in ordinary agricultural production. Thus, nitrate leaching and groundwater contamination could be alleviated, but timely N supplement might be needed under high precipitation condition.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "water leakage; nitrate leaching; maize; winter wheat; optimized nitrogen fertilization; optimized irrigation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shufeng Chen, Chengchun Sun, Changhong Sun, Wenliang Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/2/141/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w9020141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w9020141", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w9020141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w9020141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.f1b82", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Nitrogen fertilization challenges the climate benefit of cellulosic biofuels", "description": "unspecifiedCellulosic biofuels are intended to improve future energy and climate  security. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly recommended to stimulate  yields but can increase losses of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O)  and other forms of reactive N, including nitrate. We measured soil N2O  emissions and nitrate leaching along a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) high  resolution N-fertilizer gradient for three years post-establishment.  Results revealed an exponential increase in annual N2O emissions that each  year became stronger (R 2 &gt; 0.9, P &lt; 0.001) and deviated  further from the fixed percentage assumed for IPCC Tier 1 emission  factors. Concomitantly, switchgrass yields became less responsive each  year to N fertilizer. Nitrate leaching (and calculated indirect N2O  emissions) also increased exponentially in response to N inputs, but  neither methane (CH4) uptake nor soil organic carbon changed detectably.  Overall, N fertilizer inputs at rates greater than crop need curtailed the  climate benefit of ethanol production almost two-fold, from a maximum  mitigation capacity of \u22125.71 \u00b1 0.22 Mg CO2e ha\u22121 yr\u22121 in switchgrass  fertilized at 56 kg N ha\u22121 to only \u22122.97 \u00b1 0.18 Mg CO2e ha\u22121 yr\u22121 in  switchgrass fertilized at 196 kg N ha\u22121. Minimizing N fertilizer use will  be an important strategy for fully realizing the climate benefits of  cellulosic biofuel production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Panicum virgatum", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "IPCC emission factor", "methane (CH4) oxidation", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Life cycle analysis", "nitrous oxide (N2O)", "6. Clean water", "nitrogen fertilizer"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ruan, Leilei, Bhardwaj, Ajay K., Hamilton, Stephen K., Robertson, G. 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