Drylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.50% higher in the organic than the inorganic fertilizer-based system (P < 0.05). Crop yields in 2008 were generally lower in the low-input organic rotations than in the high-input inorganic fertilizer-based system; only spring barley in rotations with pig slurry application and incorporation of a catch crop prior to sowing obtained grain yields similar to levels achieved in the system where inorganic fertilizer was applied. These results suggest that within organic cropping systems, both microbial activity and crop yields could be enhanced through inclusion of catch crops. However, the timing of catch crop incorporation is critical.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "Nutrient turnover", "inorganic fertilizer", "15. Life on land", "potential ammonium oxidation", "Air and water emissions", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "denitrifier enzyme activity", "Soil biology", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Life", "13. Climate action", "potential mineralizable nitrogen", "catch drop", "gas diffusivity", "11. Sustainability", "Former LIFE faculty"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-14", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Organic And Conventional Crop Rotations In Five European Countries", "description": "Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are currently estimated from N inputs using emission factors, and little is known about the importance of regional or management-related differences. This paper summarizes the results of a study in which N2O emission rates were recorded on 15\u201326 occasions during a 12-month period in organic and conventional dairy crop rotations in five European countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy, UK). A common methodology based on static chambers was used for N2O flux measurements, and N2O data were compiled together with information about N inputs (from fertilizers, N2 fixation, atmospheric deposition and excretal returns), crop rotations and soil properties. Organic rotations received only manure as N fertilizer, while manure accounted for 0\u2013100% of fertilizer N in conventional rotations. A linear regression model was used to examine effects of location, system and crop category on N2O emissions, while a second model examined effects of soil properties. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from conventional than from organic crop rotations except in Austria and, according to the statistical analysis, the differences between locations and crop categories were significant. Ammonium was significantly related to N2O emissions, although this effect was dominated by observations from a grazing system. Despite the limited number of samplings, annual emissions were estimated by interpolation. Across the two systems and five locations there was a significant relationship between total N inputs and N2O emissions at the crop rotation level which indicated that annually 1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2% (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard error) of total N inputs were lost as N2O, while there was a background emission of 1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O-N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Although this measurement program emphasized system effects at the expense of high temporal resolution, the results indicate that N input is a significant determinant for N2O emissions from agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "luonnonmukainen maataloustuotanto", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rotational cropping", "15. Life on land", "typen oksidit", "nitrogen oxides", "13. Climate action", "crop rotations", "soil properties", "luomutuotanto", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6t", "Ka", "Eurooppa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Petersen, Soren O., Regina, Kristiina, P\u00f6llinger, Alfred, Rigler, Elisabeth, Valli, Laura, Yamulki, Sirwan, Esala, Martti, Fabbri, Claudio, Syv\u00e4salo, Eija, Vinther, Finn P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Critical review of the impacts of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage and other soil quality indicators in extensively managed grasslands", "description": "Livestock grazing intensity (GI) is thought to have a major impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and soil quality indicators in grassland agroecosystems. To critically investigate this, we conducted a global review and meta-analysis of 83 studies of extensive grazing, covering 164 sites across different countries and climatic zones. Unlike previous published reviews we normalized the SOC and total nitrogen (TN) data to a 30\u00a0cm depth to be compatible with IPCC guidelines. We also calculated a normalized GI and divided the data into four main groups depending on the regional climate (dry warm, DW; dry cool, DC; moist warm, MW; moist cool, MC). Our results show that taken across all climatic zones and GIs, grazing (below the carrying capacity of the systems) results in a decrease in SOC storage, although its impact on SOC is climate-dependent. When assessed for different regional climates, all GI levels increased SOC stocks under the MW climate (+7.6%) whilst there were reductions under the MC climate (-19%). Under the DW and DC climates, only the low (+5.8%) and low to medium (+16.1%) grazing intensities, respectively, were associated with increased SOC stocks. High GI significantly increased SOC for C4-dominated grassland compared to C3-dominated grassland and C3-C4 mixed grasslands. It was also associated with significant increases in TN and bulk density but had no effect on soil pH. To protect grassland soils from degradation, we recommend that GI and management practices should be optimized according to climate region and grassland type (C3, C4 or C3-C4 mixed).", "keywords": ["330", "QH301 Biology", "630", "Article", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "Grazing intensity", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "grazing", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "soil organic carbon", "Grazing", "grazing intensity", "total nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "NE/M016900/1", "NE/M019713/1", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BB/N013484/1", "grassland", "BB/N013468/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-20", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Following Tillage Conversion In A Long-Term Experiment In Northern France", "description": "Although continuous no-till (NT) is recommended for erosion control and carbon sequestration, it often has a limited duration since farmers alternate between NT and full inversion tillage (FIT) to control weed infestation and avoid soil compaction. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of continuous tillage and tillage conversion of NT to FIT and vice versa on SOC and SON stocks, in a long-term experiment at Boigneville in Northern France. Continuous NT (CNT) and FIT (CFIT) treatments were established in 1991 and maintained until 2011 while half of the plots were converted in 2005: from CNT to new FIT (NFIT) and CFIT to new NT (NNT). Bulk densities and organic C and N contents were determined in 2001 and 2011 down to the old ploughing depth (opd) which was also measured. SOC and SON stocks were calculated at equivalent soil mass by correcting either bulk densities or the opd. Both methods produced very close results and similar conclusions. A typical gradient of SOC and SON concentrations vs depth was observed in CNT as opposed to a rather uniform distribution in CFIT. CNT resulted in SOC concentration in the top soil (0-5 cm) higher by 38% in 2001 and 53% in 2011 compared to CFIT. Conversely, it led to a SOC reduction in the deeper layer (ca. 10-28 cm) by 14% in 2001 and 18% in 2011. The global effect was no significant change in SOC and SON stocks between treatments over the old ploughed layer (4060 t soil ha(-1)) in both years: 43.2 and 45.0 t C ha(-1) in 2001 and 44.7 and 45.8 t C ha(-1) in 2011, in CNT and CFIT, respectively. In 2011, six years after tillage conversion, the stratification of SOC and SON had disappeared in NFIT whereas a new one had appeared in NNT with a smaller gradient than in CNT. SOC or SON stocks over the old ploughed layer did not differ significantly between treatments after 6 years of conversion: SOC stocks were 45.8, 43.2, 44.7 and 43.1 t C ha(-1) in the CFIT, NFIT, CNT and NNT treatments, respectively. Furthermore, SOC stocks below the old ploughed layer (ca. 28-40 cm) were slightly greater in FIT than in NT treatment (10.9 vs 8.7 t C ha(-1)). In this experiment, continuous or conversion tillage did not result in any C sequestration benefit. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["IMPACTS", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Soil nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "SEQUESTRATION", "630", "Tillage", "MOIST", "Long-term", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Full inversion tillage", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "SOC", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "GREAT-PLAINS", "Soil organic carbon", "TEMPERATE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "No till", "NO-TILL", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "MATTER", "SYSTEM"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dimassi, Bassem, Cohan, Jean-Pierrre, Labreuche, Jerome, Mary, Bruno, B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-16", "title": "Benefits Of Legume\u2013Maize Rotations: Assessing The Impact Of Diversity On The Productivity Of Smallholders In Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract Agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods. Legumes have shown great potential to enhance system productivity. On-farm experiments were conducted in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Western Kenya to assess the agronomic and economic benefits of promising legumes. In each zone, trials were established in fields of high, medium and low fertility to assess the effect of soil fertility heterogeneity on legume productivity and subsequent maize yield. Common bean, soybean, groundnut, lima bean, lablab, velvet bean, crotalaria, and jackbean were grown in the short rains season, followed by maize in the long rains season. Alongside, continuous maize treatments fertilised at different rates were established. AEZs and soil fertility gradients within these zones greatly affected crop productivity, returns to land and labour of rotations, as well as the relative performance of rotations. Poorer soil fertility and AEZs with lower rainfall gave smaller legume and maize yields and consequently, smaller returns to land and labour. The cultivation of legumes increased maize yields in the subsequent long rains season compared with continuous maize receiving fertiliser at a similar rate, while the increase of maize after green manure legumes was stronger than that after grain legumes. Maize yield responded strongly to increasing amounts of N applied as legume residues with diminishing returns to legume-N application rates above 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In the low potential zones, factors other than improved N availability likely also stimulated maize yield. Rotations with grain legumes generally provided better returns than those with green manures. Intercropping bean with maize in the long rains season provided an additional bean yield that did not come at the expense of maize yield and improved returns to land and labour, but more so in the high potential zones. The results demonstrate the strong impact of biophysical diversity on the productivity of the legumes and suggest the need for careful targeting of legume technologies to the different biophysical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "semiarid kenya", "soil fertility", "legumes", "sustainable intensification", "cattle manure", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "exploring diversity", "nitrogen", "economic analysis", "soybean glycine-max", "soil fertility management", "biophysics", "on-farm productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "crop-livestock systems", "degraded soils"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-15", "title": "Effects Of Sandy Desertified Land Rehabilitation On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Aggregation In An Arid Region In China", "description": "The rehabilitation of sandy desertified land in semi-arid and arid regions has a great potential to increase carbon sequestration and improve soil quality. Our objective was to investigate the changes in the soil carbon pool and soil properties of surface soil (0-15 cm) under different types of rehabilitation management. Our study was done in the short-term (7 years) and long-term (32 years) desertification control sites in a marginal oasis of northwest China. The different management treatments were: (1) untreated shifting sand land as control; (2) sand-fixing shrubs with straw checkerboards; (3) poplar (Populus gansuensis) shelter forest; and (4) irrigated cropland after leveling sand dune. The results showed that the rehabilitation of severe sandy desertified land resulted in significant increases in soil organic C (SOC), inorganic C, and total N concentrations, as well as enhanced soil aggregation. Over a 7-year period of revegetation and cultivation, SOC concentration in the recovered shrub land, forest land and irrigated cropland increased by 4.1, 14.6 and 11.9 times compared to the control site (shifting sand land), and increased by 11.2, 17.0 and 23.0 times over the 32-year recovery period. Total N, labile C (KMnO(4)-oxidation C), C management index (CMI) and inorganic C (CaCO(3)-C) showed a similar increasing trend as SOC. The increased soil C and N was positively related to the accumulation of fine particle fractions. The accumulation of silt and clay, soil C and CaCO(3) enhanced the formation of aggregates, which was beneficial to mitigate wind erosion. The percentage of >0.25 mm dry aggregates increased from 18.0% in the control site to 20.0-87.2% in the recovery sites, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates significantly increased, with a range of 0.09-0.30 mm at the recovery sites. Long-term irrigation and fertilization led to a greater soil C and N accumulation in cropland than in shrub and forest lands. The amount of soil C sequestration reached up to 1.8-9.4 and 7.5-17.3 Mg ha(-1) at the 0-15 cm layer over a 7- and 32-year rehabilitation period compared to the control site, suggesting that desertification control has a great potential for sequestering soil C and improving soil quality in northwest China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Water", "Agriculture", "Wind", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Soil", "Populus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Particle Size"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-09", "title": "Earthworm Effects On The Incorporation Of Litter C And N Into Soil Organic Matter In A Sugar Maple Forest", "description": "
To examine the mechanisms of earthworm effects on forest soil C and N, we double\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled leaf litter with13C and15N, applied it to sugar maple forest plots with and without earthworms, and traced isotopes into soil pools. The experimental design included forest plots with different earthworm community composition (dominated byLumbricus terrestrisorL. rubellus). Soil carbon pools were 37% lower in earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots largely because of the elimination of the forest floor horizons, and mineral soil C:N was lower in earthworm plots despite the mixing of high C:N organic matter into soil by earthworms. Litter disappearance over the first winter\uffe2\uff80\uff93spring was highest in theL. terrestris(T) plots, but during the warm season, rapid loss of litter was observed in bothL. rubellus(R) and T plots. After two years, 22.0% \uffc2\uffb1 5.4% of13C released from litter was recovered in soil with no significant differences among plots. Total recovery of added13C (decaying litter plus soil) was much higher in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90worm (NW) plots (61\uffe2\uff80\uff9368%) than in R and T plots (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9329%) as much of the litter remained in the former whereas it had disappeared in the latter. Much higher percentage recovery of15N than13C was observed, with significantly lower values for T than R and NW plots. Higher overwinter earthworm activity in T plots contributed to lower soil N recovery. In earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded plots isotope enrichment was highest in macroaggregates and microaggregates whereas in NW plots silt plus clay fractions were most enriched. The net effect of litter mixing and priming of recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM), stabilization of SOM in soil aggregates, and alteration of the soil microbial community by earthworm activity results in loss of SOM and lowering of the C:N ratio. We suggest that earthworm stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in regulating C and N dynamics of forest SOM.
", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "TEMPERATE HARDWOOD FOREST", "New York", "Acer", "C:N ratio", "Trees", "OLD-GROWTH FOREST", "Soil", "litter", "EXOTIC EARTHWORMS", "Animals", "NORTHEASTERN FORESTS", "Oligochaeta", "CARBON DYNAMICS", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "NITROGEN DEPOSITION", "Ecology", "Lumbricus", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "Carbon", "stoichiometry", "aggregate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS", "Environmental Sciences", "CENTRAL NEW-YORK", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-1760.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-1760.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-20", "title": "Impacts Of Lucc On Soil Properties In The Riparian Zones Of Desert Oasis With Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study Of The Middle Heihe River Basin, China", "description": "Large-scale changes in land use and land cover over long timescales can induce significant variations in soil physicochemical properties, particularly in the riparian zones of arid regions. Frequent reclamation of wetlands and grasslands and intensive agricultural activity have induced significant changes in both land use/cover and soil physicochemical properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin of China. The present study aims to explore whether land use/land cover change (LUCC) can well explain the variations in soil properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin. To achieve this, we mapped LUCC and quantified the type of land use change using remote sensing images, topographic maps, and GIS analysis techniques. Forty-two sites were selected for soil and vegetation sampling. Then, physical and chemical experiments were employed to determine soil moisture, soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorous. The Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test, principal component analysis, and a scatter matrix were used to analyze the effects of LUCC on soil properties. The results indicate that the majority of the parameters investigated were affected significantly by LUCC. In particular, soil moisture and soil organic carbon can be explained well by land cover change and land use change, respectively. Furthermore, changes in soil moisture could be attributed primarily to land cover changes. Changes in soil organic carbon were correlated closely with the following land use change types: wetlands-arable, forest-grasslands, and grasslands-desert. Other parameters, including pH and total K, were also found to exhibit significant correlations with LUCC. However, changes in soil nutrients were shown to be induced most probably by human agricultural activity (i.e. fertilize, irrigation, tillage, etc.), rather than by simple conversions from one land use/cover types to the others.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Remote Sensing Technology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-03", "title": "\u03b415N of lichens reflects the isotopic signature of ammonia source", "description": "Although it is generally accepted that \u03b415N in lichen reflects predominating N isotope sources in the environment, confirmation of the direct correlation between lichen \u03b415N and atmospheric \u03b415N is still missing, especially under field conditions with most confounding factors controlled. To fill this gap and investigate the response of lichens with different tolerance to atmospheric N deposition, thalli of the sensitive Evernia prunastri and the tolerant Xanthoria parietina were exposed for ten weeks to different forms and doses of N in a field manipulation experiment where confounding factors were minimized. During this period, several parameters, namely total N, \u03b415N and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were measured. Under the experimental conditions, \u03b415N in lichens quantitatively responded to the \u03b415N of released gaseous ammonia (NH3). Although a high correlation between the isotopic signatures in lichen tissue and supplied N was found both in tolerant and sensitive species, chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that the sensitive species very soon lost its photosynthetic functionality with increasing N availability. The most damaging response to the different N chemical forms was observed with dry deposition of NH3, although wet deposition of ammonium ions had a significant observable physiological impact. Conversely, there was no significant effect of nitrate ions on chlorophyll a fluorescence, implying differential sensitivity to dry deposition versus wet deposition and to ammonium versus nitrate in wet deposition. Evernia prunastri was most sensitive to NH3, then NH4+, with lowest sensitivity to NO3-. Moreover, these results confirm that lichen \u03b415N can be used to indicate the \u03b415N of atmospheric ammonia, providing a suitable tool for the interpretation of the spatial distribution of NH3 sources in relation to their \u03b415N signal.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrates", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Chlorophyll A", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "chlorophyll a fluorescence", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen deposition", "Xanthoria parietina", "Species Specificity", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "source spatial distribution", "biomonitoring", "physiological response", "Photosynthesis", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to in situ net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding 14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of 14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of 14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of 14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-15", "title": "Microbial Community Structure And Oxidative Enzyme Activity In Nitrogen-Amended North Temperate Forest Soils", "description": "Large regions of temperate forest are subject to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition which can affect soil organic matter dynamics by altering mass loss rates, soil respiration, and dissolved organic matter production. At present there is no general model that links these responses to changes in the organization and operation of microbial decomposer communities. Toward that end, we studied the response of litter and soil microbial communities to high levels of N amendment (30 and 80 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) in three types of northern temperate forest: sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO), and white oak/black oak (WOBO). We measured the activity of extracellular enzymes (EEA) involved directly in the oxidation of lignin and humus (phenol oxidase, peroxidase), and indirectly, through the production of hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase). Community composition was analyzed by extracting and quantifying phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils. Litter EEA responses at SMBW sites diverged from those at oak-bearing sites (SMRO, BOWO), but the changes were not statistically significant. For soil, EEA responses were consistent across forests types: phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities declined as a function of N dose (33-73% and 5-41%, respectively, depending on forest type); glucose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase activities increased (200-400% and 150-300%, respectively, depending on forest type). Principal component analysis (PCA) ordinated forest types and treatment responses along two axes; factor 1 (44% of variance) was associated with phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, factor 2 (31%) with glucose oxidase. Microbial biomass did not respond to N treatment, but nine of the 23 PLFA that formed >1 mol% of total biomass showed statistically significant treatment responses. PCA ordinated forest types and treatment responses along three axes (36%, 26%, 12% of variance). EEA factors 1 and 2 correlated negatively with PLFA factor 1 ( r = -0.20 and -0.35, respectively, n = 108) and positively with PLFA factor 3 ( r = +0.36 and +0.20, respectively, n = 108). In general, EEA responses were more strongly tied to changes in bacterial PLFA than to changes in fungal PLFA. Collectively, our data suggests that N inhibition of oxidative activity involves more than the repression of ligninase expression by white-rot basidiomycetes.", "keywords": ["Michigan", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Nature Conservation", "Microbiology", "Trees", "Soil", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "Health Sciences", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-12", "title": "Land conversion from annual to perennial crops: A win-win strategy for biomass yield and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen sequestration", "description": "How much can we increase biomass yield by promoting land conversion from annual to perennial crops? Will increased biomass extraction for biorefineries reduce soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stock? Which cropping system is more stable for biomass production over time? To our knowledge, no study has concurrently investigated the effects of land conversion from annual to perennial crops on biomass yield, yield stability, and changes in SOC and TN stock, which limits the understanding and application of sustainable agroecosystems producing biomass for biorefineries. Based on five-year continuous observations in central Jutland Denmark, our results showed that perennial crops significantly increased biomass yield by 19% and yield stability by 88% compared to annual crops. Perennial crops significantly increased SOC content by 4% and SOC stock by 11% at 0\u2013100 cm depth across the five years. The opposite responses of SOC content and stock under annual and perennial crops led to even more significant differences between the crop types. Perennial crops had no effect on soil TN content and increased soil TN stock to one meter depth by 22%, whereas continuous annual crops had no effect on it. Neither annual nor perennial crops had effects on SOC and TN stock when estimated based on equivalent soil mass because the soil density increased under perennial crops. Our results showed that changes in SOC and TN stock between annual and perennial crops varied with the specific calculating methods (fixed depth/equivalent mass), thus the selected methods should be clearly defined in the future research. Increases in SOC content at one meter depth were positively correlated with biomass yield and yield stability, suggesting a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and food security. Altogether, our results highlight the potential to redesign the current cropping system for sustainable intensification by selecting proper perennial crops for green biorefineries.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield stability", "Sustainable agroecosystem", "13. Climate action", "Annual crop", "Biomass yield", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Perennial crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-19", "title": "The value of manure - Manure as co-product in life cycle assessment", "description": "Livestock production is important for food security, nutrition, and landscape maintenance, but it is associated with several environmental impacts. To assess the risk and benefits arising from livestock production, transparent and robust indicators are required, such as those offered by life cycle assessment. A central question in such approaches is how environmental burden is allocated to livestock products and to manure that is re-used for agricultural production. To incentivize sustainable use of manure, it should be considered as a co-product as long as it is not disposed of, or wasted, or applied in excess of crop nutrient needs, in which case it should be treated as a waste. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to define nutrient requirements based on nutrient response curves to economic and physical optima and a pragmatic approach based on crop nutrient yield adjusted for nutrient losses to atmosphere and water. Allocation of environmental burden to manure and other livestock products is then based on the nutrient value from manure for crop production using the price of fertilizer nutrients. We illustrate and discuss the proposed method with two case studies.", "keywords": ["[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "assessment", "resource", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Fertilizer", "allocation", "life cycle", "manures", "Feeds and feeding. Animal nutrition", "farmyard manure", "Housing and environmental control", "2. Zero hunger", "ta412", "Agriculture and the environment", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilizer", "Crop Production", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Livestock supply chains", "green manures", "Fertilisers", "performance", "energy", "Livestock", "330", "fertilizers", "Allocation", "ta1172", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "333", "Article", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "nutrient use", "Life cycle assessment", "life cycle assessment", "livestock supply chains", "nutrients", "Animals", "livestock production", "alocation", "Fertilizers", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "carbon", "use efficiency", "food security", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "livestock", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "protein"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-12", "title": "Why Does Rainfall Affect The Trend In Soil Carbon After Converting Pastures To Forests? A Possible Explanation Based On Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "Abstract When trees are planted onto former pastures, soil carbon stocks typically either remain constant or decrease, with decreases more common in regions with higher rainfall. We conducted a modelling analysis to assess whether those changes in soil carbon, especially the interaction with rainfall, could be understood through consideration of nitrogen balances. The study was based on simulations with the whole-system ecophysiological model CenW which allowed explicit modelling of both carbon and nitrogen pools and their fluxes through plants and soil organic matter. We found that in a modelled coniferous forest without excess water input, total system nitrogen stocks remained similar to pre-forestation values because there were few pathways for nitrogen losses, and without biological nitrogen fixation or fertiliser inputs, gains were restricted to small inputs from atmospheric deposition. However, tree biomass and the litter layer accumulated considerable amounts of nitrogen. This accumulation of nitrogen came at the expense of depleting soil nitrogen stocks. With the change from input of grass litter that is low in lignin to forest litter with higher lignin concentration, organic-matter C:N ratios increased so that more carbon could be stored per unit of soil nitrogen which partly negated the effect of reduced nitrogen stocks. The increase in C:N ratios was initially confined to the surface litter layer because of slow transfer of material to the mineral soil. Over a period of decades, soil C:N ratios eventually increased in the soil as well. Simulations with different amounts of precipitation showed that greater amounts of nitrogen were leached from systems where water supply exceeded the plants\u2019 requirements. Reduced nitrogen stocks then caused a subsequent reduction in soil organic carbon stocks. These simulations thus provided a consistent explanation for the observation of greater losses of soil organic carbon in high-rainfall systems after converting pastures to forests. More generally, the simulations showed that explicit modelling of the nitrogen cycle can put important constraints on possible changes in soil-carbon stocks that may occur after land-use change.", "keywords": ["land use change", "Rainfall", "Mitigation", "ecophysiology", "nitrogen cyc Afforestation", "Greenhouse", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "CenW", "Land-use change", "lignin", "Greenhouse effect", "afforestation", "carbon cycle", "Forest", "Reforestation", "Keywords: Carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "atmospheric deposition", "Nitrogen dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "ecological modeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Lan Bin Guo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/5/Kirschbaum_Rainfall_affect_in_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61047/7/01_Kirschbaum_Why_does_rainfall_affect_the_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Fertility Management: Impacts On Soil Macrofauna, Soil Aggregation And Soil Organic Matter Allocation", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic matter through integrated soil fertility management is important for soil quality and agricultural productivity, and for the persistence of soil faunal diversity and biomass. Little is known about the interactive effects of soil fertility management and soil macrofauna diversity on soil aggregation and SOM dynamics in tropical arable cropping systems. A study was conducted in a long-term trial at Kabete, Central Kenya, to investigate the effects of organic inputs (maize stover or manure) and inorganic fertilizers on soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity, water stable aggregation, whole soil and aggregate-associated organic C and N, as well as the relations between these variables. Differently managed arable systems were compared to a long-term green fallow system representing a relatively undisturbed reference. Fallowing, and application of farm yard manure (FYM) in combination with fertilizer, significantly enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass as well as aggregate stability and C and N pools in the top 15 cm of the soil. Earthworm abundance significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates, but all earthworm parameters positively correlated with whole soil and aggregate associated C and N, unlike termite parameters. Factor analysis showed that 35.3% of the total sample variation in aggregation and C and N in total soil and aggregate fractions was explained by earthworm parameters, and 25.5% by termite parameters. Multiple regression analysis confirmed this outcome. The negative correlation between earthworm abundance and total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregate could be linked to the presence of high numbers of Nematogenia lacuum in the arable treatments without organic amendments, an endogeic species that feeds on excrements of other larger epigeic worms and produces small excrements. Under the conditions studied, differences in earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were more important drivers of management-induced changes in aggregate stability and soil C and N pools than differences in termite populations. Highlights ? Application of farm yard manure + fertilizer improved aggregate stability and C and N stabilization in soil. ? Application of maize stover did not improve soil aggregation and C and N stabilization. ? Farm yard manure + fertilizer application enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass. ? Higher earthworm diversity and biomass enhanced aggregate and C and N stabilization. ? Earthworms were more important drivers of aggregate and C and N stabilization than termites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "carbon", "input management", "dynamics", "feeding termite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "fungus-growing termites", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "physical-properties", "agricultural soils", "microaggregate formation", "earthworm activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-01", "title": "Electrifying secondary settlers to enhance nitrogen and pathogens removals", "description": "Economic options to retrofit wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) without tertiary treatments need to be explored. In this regard, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can be hybridized with existing technologies, upgrading the removal performance of original techniques while avoiding replacement costs. Yet, few demonstrations of merged systems have been given. For the first time, in this work it was built a lab-scale model of a BES merged with a secondary settler, namely e-settler, to enhance the polishing performance of already existing WWTPs. In particular, to concomitantly increase nitrogen removal and perform wastewater (WW) disinfection, avoiding further tertiary treatments. In the e-settlers, nitrogen removal was increased through bioelectrochemical stimulation. Concomitant ammonium and nitrate removal without nitrite accumulation and a negligible amount of nitrous oxide emissions were observed. Ti-MMO as anode material showed a high disinfectant action. In conclusion, it was demonstrated how a simple bioelectrochemical set-up can upgrade existing WWTPs. The following step requires the study at a larger scale, identifying optimal operational and structural parameters for the in-situ application. The main limitations of the e-settlers were discussed, linking them to possible solutions that need to be deepened in a lab-scale model of conventional secondary treatments (activated sludge followed by secondary settler) This work was funded through: the ELECTRA project [grant agreement no. 826244], which was financially supported by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union; the NSFC-EU Environmental Biotechnology joint program (No. 31861133001); the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (No. 2020CXGC011202). S.P is a Serra H\u00fanter Fellow (UdG-AG-575) and acknowledges the funding from the ICREA Academia award. LEQUiA [2017-SGR-1552] has been recognized as consolidated research group by the Catalan Government Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier", "keywords": ["Sewage -- Purification -- Nitrogen removal", "Bioelectrochemical system; Wastewater; Ammonium; Nitrate; Secondary treatments; Disinfection", "Aig\u00fces residuals -- Plantes de tractament", "Aig\u00fces residuals -- Depuraci\u00f3 -- Desnitrificaci\u00f3", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Sewage disposal plants", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/897560/1/Botti%20et%20al_Chemical%20Engineering%20Journal_2023_451-138949.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Engineering%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138949"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-18", "title": "Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil", "description": "Plastic debris is accumulating in agricultural land due to the increased use of plastic mulches, which is causing serious environmental problems, especially for biochemical and physical properties of the soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a central role in driving soil biogeochemistry, but little information is available on the effects of plastic residues, especially microplastic, on soil DOM. We conducted a soil-incubation experiment in a climate-controlled chamber with three levels of microplastic added to loess soil collected from the Loess Plateau in China: 0% (control, CK), 7% (M1) and 28% (M2) (w/w). We analysed the soil contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NH4+, NO3-, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), and PO43- and the activities of fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDAse) and phenol oxidase. The higher level of microplastic addition significantly increased the nutrient contents of the DOM solution. The lower level of addition had no significant effect on the DOM solution during the first seven days, but the rate of DOM decomposition decreased in M1 between days 7 and 30, which increased the nutrient contents. The microplastic facilitated the accumulation of high-molecular-weight humic-like material between days 7 and 30. The DOM solutions were mainly comprised of high-molecular-weight humic-like material in CK and M1 and of high-molecular-weight humic-like material and tyrosine-like material in M2. The Microplastic stimulated the activities of both enzymes. Microplastic addition thus stimulated enzymatic activity, activated pools of organic C, N, and P, and was beneficial for the accumulation of dissolved organic C, N and P.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Microplastic", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Excitation-emission matrix (EEM)", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)", "Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP)", "Models", " Chemical", "13. Climate action", "Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)", "Organic Chemicals", "Plastics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41586-024-07274-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-17", "title": "Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra", "description": "AbstractArctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5\uffe2\uff80\uff937. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89year up to 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9\uffe2\uff80\uff932.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C] in air and 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C [CI 0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22\uffe2\uff80\uff9338%] (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff899) and continued for at least 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.Plants adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions by adjusting their metabolism and gene expression to maintain fitness1. In legumes, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by balancing nitrogen acquired from soil resources with nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules2\uffe2\uff80\uff938. Here we show that zinc, an essential plant micronutrient, acts as an intracellular second messenger that connects environmental changes to transcription factor control of metabolic activity in root nodules. We identify a transcriptional regulator, FIXATION UNDER NITRATE (FUN), which acts as a sensor, with zinc controlling the transition between an inactive filamentous megastructure and an active transcriptional regulator. Lower zinc concentrations in the nodule, which we show occur in response to higher levels of soil nitrate, dissociates the filament and activates FUN. FUN then directly targets multiple pathways to initiate breakdown of the nodule. The zinc-dependent filamentation mechanism thus establishes a concentration readout to adapt nodule function to the environmental nitrogen conditions. In a wider perspective, these results have implications for understanding the roles of metal ions in integration of environmental signals with plant development and optimizing delivery of fixed nitrogen in legume crops.Decades of fire suppression following extensive timber harvesting have left much of the forest in the intermountain western United States exceedingly dense, and forest restoration techniques (i.e., thinning and prescribed fire) are increasingly being used in an attempt to mitigate the effects of severe wildfire, to enhance tree growth and regeneration, and to stimulate soil nutrient cycling. While many of the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of forest restoration have been established, the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects on soil biogeochemical and ecosystem processes are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of commonly used forest restoration treatments (thinning, burning, and thinning\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0burning) on nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes 11\uffc2\uffa0yr after restoration treatments were implemented in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosavar.scopulorum)/Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.glauca) forest at the Lubrecht Fire and Fire Surrogates Study (FFS) site in western Montana, USA. Despite short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (<3\uffc2\uffa0yr) increases in soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and N cycling rates following prescribed fire, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil N pools and N mineralization rates showed only subtle differences from untreated control plots. Similarly, despite a persistent positive correlation between fuels consumed in prescribed burns and several metrics of N cycling, variability in inorganic N pools decreased significantly since treatments were implemented, indicating a decline in N spatial heterogeneity through time. However, rates of net nitrification remain significantly higher in a thin + burn treatment relative to other treatments. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term declines in forest floor carbon (C) pools have persisted in the thin\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0burn treatment, but there were no significant long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term differences among treatments in extractable soil phosphorus (P). Finally, despite some short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term differences, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term foliar nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition rates, and rates of free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living N fixation in the experimental plots were not different from control plots, suggesting nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes in temperate coniferous forests are resilient to disturbance following long periods of fire suppression. Overall, this study provides forest managers and policymakers valuable information showing that the effects of these commonly used restoration prescriptions on soil nutrient cycling are ephemeral and that use of repeated treatments (i.e., frequent fire) will be necessary to ensure continued restoration success.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Canada", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Tracheophyta", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael J. Gundale, Rachel E. Becknell, Peter W. Ganzlin, Cory C. Cleveland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/15-1100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/15-1100", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/15-1100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/15-1100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-12", "title": "Moss\u2010cyanobacteria associations: A model for studying symbiotic interactions and evolutionary strategies", "keywords": ["forests", "mosses", "non-vascular plants", "nitrogen fixation", "symbioses", "On the Nature of Things", "cyanobacteria", "model organisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kathrin Rousk", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70086"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ajb2.70086"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle", "description": "AbstractMore diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.202000183", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-09", "title": "Effects of water deficit and nitrogen application on leaf gas exchange, phytohormone signaling, biomass and water use efficiency of oat plants", "description": "AbstractBackground: Water and nitrogen (N) are essential resources influencing plant growth and yield. To improve their efficiencies in crop production is challenging because the physiological mechanisms of water and N coupling and their interactive effect on crop water use efficiency (WUE) are not well understood yet.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and phytohormones signaling in oats in response to soil water status and N supply under fertigation, to explore the mechanisms regulating plant growth and WUE.
Methods: Oat plants were subjected to the factorial combination of three soil moisture regimes (50, 70, and 90% of soil water holding capacity, SWHC) and three N levels (fertilized with 74, 149, and 298 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921).
Results: The stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by soil water deficit, and also by the highest N level, whereas photosynthesis rate (An) was unaffected by neither water nor N. Consequently, intrinsic WUE (WUEint, An/gs) was highest under reduced irrigation and high N fertilization. This effect at stomatal level was affirmed by responses in whole plant WUE (WUEb), which was positively correlated with shoot \uffce\uffb413C. A positive correlation between \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C in shoots further indicated that decreases of gs rather than changes in An contributed to the enhanced WUE.
Conclusion: Moderate soil water deficit and sufficient N supply is recommended for saving irrigation water and improving WUE on fertigated oat plants without compromising biomass accumulation to any large extent.The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.
", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.9322", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-22", "title": "Impacts of insect frass and cadavers on soil surface litter decomposition along a tropical forest temperature gradient", "description": "AbstractInsect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3\uffc2\uffb0C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate ambient (Control\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0no amendment), moderate (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90Low\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level), or severe (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa011\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level) insect outbreak events. Multiple sets of these litterbags were deployed across the MAT gradient, with individual litterbags collected periodically over one\uffe2\uff80\uff89year to assess how rising MAT altered the effects of insect deposits on litter decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) release. Increased MAT and insect inputs additively increased litter decomposition rates and N immobilization rates, with effects being stronger for Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High litterbags. However, the apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of litter decomposition was not clearly affected by amendments. The effects of adding insect deposits in this study operated differently than the slower litter decomposition and greater N mobilization rates often observed in experiments which use chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate). Further research is required to understand mechanistic differences between amendment types. Potential increases in outbreak\uffe2\uff80\uff90related herbivore deposits coupled with climate warming will accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon storage in tropical montane wet forests.Changes in substrate quality driven by climate, land use, or other forms of global change may represent a strong selective force on microbial communities. Invasion of new taxa into a community through dispersal, evolution, or recolonization could impact the outcome of this environmental selection. Here, we simulated substrate change with a trait\uffe2\uff80\uff90based model of microbial litter decomposition (DEMENTpy) to assess the legacy effects of past substrate quality and the impact of selection by a new substrate on community decomposition activity. Simulations were run with different levels of invasion, including invasion from communities long\uffe2\uff80\uff90adapted to the new substrate. Legacy effects were evident with substrate change for native communities differing in composition. Protein was the only substrate that exerted a strong enough selective force to affect community composition. Legacy effects disappeared when invaders came from substrates similar to the new substrate. Together, our simulations demonstrate that substrate quality changes associated with global change can lead to legacy effects on substrate degradation. In decomposing plant litter, such legacy effects can occur if substrate inputs shift to higher protein content and if invasion is low.Ecosystems often show differential sensitivity to chronic nitrogen (N) deposition; hence, a critical challenge is to improve our understanding of how and why site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific factors mediate biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. We examined the extent to which N impacts on soil carbon (C) and N dynamics depend on microbial resource stoichiometry. We added N to forest plots dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in organic N and relatively wide C:N ratios, and adjacent forest plots dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in inorganic N and relatively narrow C:N ratios. While microbes in both plot types exhibited fairly strict biomass homeostasis, microbes in AM\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ECM\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated plots differed in their physiological responses to N addition. Microbes in ECM plots responded to N enrichment by decreasing their investment in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes (relative to C\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes) and increasing N mineralization rates (relative to C mineralization rates), suggesting that N addition alleviated microbial N demand. In contrast, heterotrophic microbial activities in AM plots were unaffected by N addition, most likely as a result of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in net nitrification (60% increase relative to control plots) and nitrate mobilization (e.g., sixfold increases in mobilization relative to control plots). Combined, our findings suggest the stoichiometric differences between AM and ECM soils are the primary drivers of the observed responses. Plant and microbial communities characterized by wide C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in decomposition and soil C dynamics, whereas communities characterized by narrow C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced nitrate leaching losses. Hence, the biogeochemical consequences of N deposition in temperate forests may be driven by the stoichiometry of the dominant trees and their associated microbes.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Barley Yield And Soil Nutrients On A Calciortidic Haploxeralf", "description": "Reduced tillage with appropriate crop rotation could increase the viability of dry land agriculture in semiarid zones. The effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil physico-chemical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) and N have been studied widely in long and short-term experiments. However, their effects on nutrient levels and fertility losses have not been extensively studied in Mediterranean soils. We determined SOC, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn distribution in the soil profile and in plant uptake, on a Calciortidic Haploxeralf in Spain. Three tillage systems [CT, conventional tillage (mouldboard plow); MT, minimum tillage and NT, no tillage] and three crop rotations [BB, continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare v. Tipper), FB, fallow-barley and VB, vetch (Vicia sativa v. Muza)-barley] were compared. SOC and N were higher for CT than for MT and NT in the first year, but higher for NT and MT than CT in the next years. In the 0-15 cm depth, SOC and N in NT also became higher than in MT for the fourth crop season. In the 15-30 depths, NT and MT had also higher SOC than CT since the second year. However, NT had only higher N than MT after three crop seasons. The increase in SOC was 75% for NT and MT while CT had a decrease of 17% in the 0-15 cm layer. The increase in N was 154% for NT, 108% for MT and 30% for CT in the upper 15 cm. NT had higher P, K and Cu than MT and higher P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn than CT in the upper layers due to the higher SOC level and to the fact that these systems maintain surface-applied K and P fertilizer. On the other hand, neither SOC nor N were affected by crop rotation. Tillage and rotation interactions were not significant for SOC, N and, in general, nutrient levels in the different soil depths. In general, the main factor that affected SOC, N and nutrients was tillage, which had reduced influence with depth. Highest yield was for CT-FB and CT-VB, but not different from NT-FB and NT-VB, meanwhile highest nutrient levels were obtained for interactions that included NT. These results suggest that NT, and to a lesser extend MT, preserved SOC and nutrient levels in the upper layers and, with NT-VB and NT-FB interaction, could also obtain high yields and keep soil fertility in the upper depths during the first 4 years. \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic carbon", "Nitrogen", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "Micronutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.10.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-013-0225-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-15", "title": "Agricultural Management And Labile Carbon Additions Affect Soil Microbial Community Structure And Interact With Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling", "description": "We investigated how conversion from conventional agriculture to organic management affected the structure and biogeochemical function of soil microbial communities. We hypothesized the following. (1) Changing agricultural management practices will alter soil microbial community structure driven by increasing microbial diversity in organic management. (2) Organically managed soil microbial communities will mineralize more N and will also mineralize more N in response to substrate addition than conventionally managed soil communities. (3) Microbial communities under organic management will be more efficient and respire less added C. Soils from organically and conventionally managed agroecosystems were incubated with and without glucose ((13)C) additions at constant soil moisture. We extracted soil genomic DNA before and after incubation for TRFLP community fingerprinting of soil bacteria and fungi. We measured soil C and N pools before and after incubation, and we tracked total C respired and N mineralized at several points during the incubation. Twenty years of organic management altered soil bacterial and fungal community structure compared to continuous conventional management with the bacterial differences caused primarily by a large increase in diversity. Organically managed soils mineralized twice as much NO3 (-) as conventionally managed ones (44 vs. 23 \u03bcg N/g soil, respectively) and increased mineralization when labile C was added. There was no difference in respiration, but organically managed soils had larger pools of C suggesting greater efficiency in terms of respiration per unit soil C. These results indicate that the organic management induced a change in community composition resulting in a more diverse community with enhanced activity towards labile substrates and greater capacity to mineralize N.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Fungal Community Structure", "Agriculture", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "630", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "rRNA Gene Copy", "Soil Microbial Community Structure", "fungal community", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0225-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-013-0225-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-013-0225-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-013-0225-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-22", "title": "Response Of Organic And Inorganic Carbon And Nitrogen To Long-Term Grazing Of The Shortgrass Steppe", "description": "We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May-October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C4 grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C3 grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha(-1) higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha(-1) higher in total soil C (0-90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha(-1)) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha(-1)) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant-soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration.", "keywords": ["Cactaceae", "2. Zero hunger", "Colorado", "Nitrogen", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Biomass", "Desert Climate", "Organic Chemicals", "Plants", " Edible", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jack A. Morgan, Daniel R. LeCain, Gerald E. Schuman, Jean D. Reeder,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Changes In Soil Aggregate, Carbon, And Nitrogen Storages Following The Conversion Of Cropland To Alfalfa Forage Land In The Marginal Oasis Of Northwest China", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for sustainable use of soil resources due to the multiple effects of SOC on soil nutrient status and soil structural stability. The objective of this study was to identify the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability, SOC, and nitrogen (N) concentrations after cropland was converted to perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Algonguin) grassland for 6 years in the marginal oasis of the middle of Hexi Corridor region, northwest China. Significant changes in the size distribution of dry-sieving aggregates and water-stable aggregates, SOC, and N concentrations occurred after the conversion from crop to alfalfa. SOC and N stocks increased by 20.2% and 18.5%, respectively, and the estimated C and N sequestration rates were 0.4 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) and 0.04 Mg N ha(-1) year(-1) following the conversion. The large aggregate (>5 mm) was the most abundant dry aggregate size fraction in both crop and alfalfa soils, and significant difference in the distribution of dry aggregates between the two land use types occurred only in the >5 mm aggregate fraction. The percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>2, 2-0.25 mm) and aggregate stability (mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates, WMWD) were significantly higher in alfalfa soils than in crop soils. There was a significant linear relationship between total SOC concentration and aggregate parameters (mean weight diameter) for alfalfa soils, indicating that aggregate stability was closely associated with increased SOC concentration following the conversion of crops to alfalfa. The SOC and N concentrations and the C/N ratio were greatest in the >2 mm water-stable aggregates and the smallest in the 0.25-0.05 mm aggregates in crop and alfalfa soils. For the same aggregate, SOC and N concentrations in aggregate fractions increased with increasing total SOC and N concentrations. The result showed that the conversion of annual crops to alfalfa in the marginal land with coarse-texture soils can significantly increase SOC and N stocks, and improve soil structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Geologic Sediments", "Geography", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Particle Size", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rong Yang, Wenjie Liu, Xue Xiang Chang, Yong Zhong Su,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-009-9348-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-14", "title": "Nutrient Removal And Loading Rate Analysis Of Louisiana Forested Wetlands Assimilating Treated Municipal Effluent", "description": "The relationship between nutrient removal and loading rate was examined using data from five forested wetlands in Louisiana that have received secondarily treated effluent from 3 to 60 years. Loading rates ranged from 0.65 to 26.80 g/m(2)/yr for total nitrogen and 0.18 to 8.96 g/m(2)/yr for total phosphorus. At loading rates below 20 g/m(2)/yr, total nitrogen concentrations in surface waters of Louisiana forested wetlands were reduced to background concentrations (i.e., < or =3 mg/l). Similarly, at loading rates below 2 g/m(2)/yr, total phosphorus concentrations were also generally reduced to background concentrations (i.e., < or =1 mg/l). These data demonstrate that freshwater forested wetlands can reduce nutrient concentrations in treated effluent to background concentrations present in relatively undisturbed wetlands. An understanding of the relationship between loading rates and nutrient removal in natural wetlands is important, particularly in Louisiana where discharges of fresh water are being used in ecosystem restoration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Sewage", "Waste Management", "Nitrogen", "Wetlands", "Water", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Louisiana", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason N. Day, Joel Lindsey, John W. Day, Montgomery Hunter, Robert R. Lane, Rachael G. Hunter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9348-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-009-9348-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-009-9348-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-009-9348-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-010-9504-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-27", "title": "Changes In Soil Particulate Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass, And Activity Following Afforestation Of Marginal Agricultural Lands In A Semi-Arid Area Of Northeast China", "description": "Afforestation of agricultural lands has been one of the major land use changes in China in recent decades. To better understand the effect of such land use change on soil quality, we investigated selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties (0-15 cm depth) in marginal agricultural land and a chronosequence of poplar (Populus euramericana cv. 'N3016') plantations (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years old) in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Soil bulk density significantly declined after conversion of agricultural lands to poplar plantations. Soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations, microbial biomass C (MBC) and potential N mineralization rate (PNM) decreased initially following afforestation of agricultural lands, and then increased with stand development. However, soil metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) exhibited a reverse trend. In addition, soil particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and N (POM-N) concentrations showed no significant changes in the first 10 years following afforestation, and then increased with stand age. These findings demonstrated that soil quality declined initially following afforestation of agricultural lands in semi-arid regions, and then recovered with stand development. Following 15 years of afforestation, many soil quality parameters recovered to the values found in agricultural land. We propose that change in soil quality with stand age should be considered in determining optimum rotation length of plantations and best management practices for afforestation programs.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "Populus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particulate Matter", "Biomass", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rong Mao, De-Hui Zeng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9504-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-010-9504-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-010-9504-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-010-9504-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-08", "title": "C And N Content In Density Fractions Of Whole Soil And Soil Size Fraction Under Cacao Agroforestry Systems And Natural Forest In Bahia, Brazil", "description": "Agroforestry systems (AFSs) have an important role in capturing above and below ground soil carbon and play a dominant role in mitigation of atmospheric CO(2). Attempts has been made here to identify soil organic matter fractions in the cacao-AFSs that have different susceptibility to microbial decomposition and further represent the basis of understanding soil C dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the organic matter density fractions and soil size fractions in soils of two types of cacao agroforestry systems and to compare with an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil. The land-use systems studied were: (1) a 30-year-old stand of natural forest with cacao (cacao cabruca), (2) a 30-year-old stand of cacao with Erythrina glauca as shade trees (cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina), and (3) an adjacent natural forest without cacao. Soil samples were collected from 0-10\u00a0cm depth layer in reddish-yellow Oxisols. Soil samples was separated by wet sieving into five fraction-size classes (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 1000-2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm, 53-250\u00a0\u03bcm, and <53\u00a0\u03bcm). C and N accumulated in to the light (free- and intra-aggregate density fractions) and heavy fractions of whole soil and soil size fraction were determined. Soil size fraction obtained in cacao AFS soils consisted mainly (65 %) of mega-aggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) mixed with macroaggregates (32-34%), and microaggregates (1-1.3%). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content increased with increasing soil size fraction in all land-use systems. Organic C-to-total N ratio was higher in the macroaggregate than in the microaggregate. In general, in natural forest and cacao cabruca the contribution of C and N in the light and heavy fractions was similar. However, in cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina the heavy fraction was the most common and contributed 67% of C and 63% of N. Finding of this study shows that the majority of C and N in all three systems studied are found in macroaggregates, particularly in the 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm size aggregate class. The heavy fraction was the most common organic matter fraction in these soils. Thus, in mature cacao AFS on highly weathered soils the main mechanisms of C stabilization could be the physical protection within macroaggregate structures thereby minimizing the impact of conversion of forest to cacao AFS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cacao", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "Brazil", "Erythrina", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2784", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-24", "title": "Alleviating Nitrogen Limitation in Mediterranean Maquis Vegetation Leads to Ecological Degradation", "description": "AbstractSoils are being degraded at an alarming rate and thereby also crucial ecosystem goods and services. Nitrogen (N) enrichment is a major driver of this degradation. While the negative impacts of N enrichment on vegetation are well known globally, those on various ecological interactions, and on ecosystem functioning, remain largely unknown. Because Mediterranean ecosystems are N limited, they are good model systems for evaluating how N enrichment impacts not only vegetation but also ecological partnerships and ecosystem functioning. Using a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N\uffe2\uff80\uff90manipulation (dose and form) field experiment running in a Mediterranean Basin maquis located in a region with naturally low ambient N deposition (<4\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921), we assessed the impacts of the N additions on (i) the dominant plant species (photosynthetic N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency); (ii) plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil ecological partnerships with ectomycorrhiza and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing bacteria; and (iii) ecosystem degradation (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, biological mineral weathering and soil N fixation). N additions significantly disrupted plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil biotic interactions, and ecosystem functioning compared with ambient N deposition conditions. However, the higher the ammonium dose (alone or with nitrate), the more drastic these disruptions were. We report a critical threshold at 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffc2\uffa0kg ammonium ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereby severe ecosystem degradation can be expected. These observations are critical to help explain the mechanisms behind ecosystem degradation, to describe the collective loss of organisms and multifunction in the landscape, and to predict potential fragmentation of Mediterranean maquis under conditions of unrelieved N enrichment. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND: Denitrification is a microbial process that has received considerable attention during the past decade since it can result in losses of added nitrogen fertilisers from agricultural soils. Paddy soil has been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the denitrifying microorganisms responsible for fertilisers in paddy soil are not well known. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year application of inorganic and organic fertiliser (rice straw) on the abundance and composition of a nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Soil samples were collected from CK plots (no fertiliser), N (nitrogen fertiliser), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers) and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic matter). The nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) community composition was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the abundance was determined by quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: Both the largest abundance of nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier and the highest potential denitrifying activity (PDA) occurred in the NPK + OM treatment with about four times higher than that in the CK and two times higher than that in the N and NPK treatments (no significant difference). Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among fertilisation treatments except for the comparison between CK and N treatments. Of the measured abiotic factors, total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the observed differences in community composition and abundance (P < 0.01 by Monte Carlo permutation).
CONCLUSION: This study shows that the addition of different fertilisers affects the size and composition of the nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Denitrification", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Monte Carlo Method", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Ditch-Buried Straw Return On Water Percolation, Nitrogen Leaching And Crop Yields In A Rice-Wheat Rotation System", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUNDCrop residue management and nitrogen loss are two important environmental problems in the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation system in China. This study investigated the effects of burial of straw on water percolation, nitrogen loss by leaching, crop growth and yield. Greenhouse mesocosm experiments were conducted over the course of three simulated cropping seasons in a rice1\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice2 rotation.
RESULTSGreater amounts of straw resulted in more water percolation, irrespective of crop season. Burial at 20 and 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly reduced, but burial at 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm increased nitrogen leaching. Straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 reduced, but at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and at 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 straw increased nitrogen leaching in three consecutive crop rotations. In addition, straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 buried at 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly increased yield and its components for both crops.
CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that N losses via leaching from the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation may be reduced by the burial of the appropriate amount of straw at the appropriate depth. Greater amounts of buried straw, however, may promote nitrogen leaching and negatively affect crop growth and yields. Complementary field experiments must be performed to make specific agronomic recommendations. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Environmental Pollution", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7196"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7196"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nitrogen&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nitrogen&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nitrogen&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nitrogen&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 1310, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T15:16:08.017096Z"}