Insect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3\uffc2\uffb0C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate ambient (Control\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0no amendment), moderate (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90Low\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level), or severe (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa011\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level) insect outbreak events. Multiple sets of these litterbags were deployed across the MAT gradient, with individual litterbags collected periodically over one\uffe2\uff80\uff89year to assess how rising MAT altered the effects of insect deposits on litter decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) release. Increased MAT and insect inputs additively increased litter decomposition rates and N immobilization rates, with effects being stronger for Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High litterbags. However, the apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of litter decomposition was not clearly affected by amendments. The effects of adding insect deposits in this study operated differently than the slower litter decomposition and greater N mobilization rates often observed in experiments which use chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate). Further research is required to understand mechanistic differences between amendment types. Potential increases in outbreak\uffe2\uff80\uff90related herbivore deposits coupled with climate warming will accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon storage in tropical montane wet forests.Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.50% higher in the organic than the inorganic fertilizer-based system (P < 0.05). Crop yields in 2008 were generally lower in the low-input organic rotations than in the high-input inorganic fertilizer-based system; only spring barley in rotations with pig slurry application and incorporation of a catch crop prior to sowing obtained grain yields similar to levels achieved in the system where inorganic fertilizer was applied. These results suggest that within organic cropping systems, both microbial activity and crop yields could be enhanced through inclusion of catch crops. However, the timing of catch crop incorporation is critical.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "Nutrient turnover", "inorganic fertilizer", "15. Life on land", "potential ammonium oxidation", "Air and water emissions", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "denitrifier enzyme activity", "Soil biology", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Life", "13. Climate action", "potential mineralizable nitrogen", "catch drop", "gas diffusivity", "11. Sustainability", "Former LIFE faculty"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-01", "title": "Effect of the growth medium composition on nitrate accumulation in the novel protein crop Lemna minor", "description": "Duckweed is a potential alternative protein source for food and feed. However, little is known about the nitrate accumulation in this plant. A high nitrate level in vegetables can indirectly lead to an elevated intake of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds, increasing the risk of diseases for humans and animals. This research hypothesizes that the nitrate accumulation of Lemna minor differs between growing media. Additionally, it evaluates whether legal safety levels of nitrate for human and animal intake are exceeded. The duckweed was grown on (i) rainwater, and (ii) three synthetic media containing different nutrient levels. Furthermore, (iii) biological effluent of swine manure treatment and (iv) aquaculture effluent from pikeperch production were used, as these are potential media for closing nutrient loops in the agriculture sector. It was found that nitrate levels increased with the increasing availability of macronutrients in the water, and pH showed a particularly strong negative correlation with the nitrate levels in the plant. Nevertheless, nitrate content never exceeded 530\u00a0mg NO3 kg-1 fresh weight. To conclude, Lemna minor's nitrate content was below safety limits for human consumption in all tested growing media; however, a potential risk for ruminants was observed as these are more sensitive to nitrate conversions in their gastro-intestinal track.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "SAMPLES", "Wastewater", "NUTRIENTS", "01 natural sciences", "Food safety", "BIOMASS", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crude protein", "Vegetables", "Lemnaceae", "Animals", "Araceae", "Humans", "Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "PLANT", "FRUITS", "VEGETABLES", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Environmental and Occupational Health", "Agricultural effluents", "NITRITE CONTENT", "Agriculture", "General Medicine", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Pollution", "DUCKWEEDS LEMNACEAE", "6. Clean water", "Culture Media", "NITROGEN", "Feed safety", "Health", "Public Health", "Dietary Proteins"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-08", "title": "Peat Origin And Land Use Effects On Microbial Activity, Respiration Dynamics And Exo-Enzyme Activities In Drained Peat Soils In The Netherlands", "description": "This study assessed the risk of decomposition-driven soil subsidence in drained peat soils in the Netherlands, contrasting in peat origin and current land use. In a full factorial design, fen peat and bog peat were sampled from sites in use for nature conservation and for dairy farming, which contrast in history of drainage and fertilisation. In these four peat types, which frequently occur in the Netherlands, the microbial activity and respiration dynamics were studied in samples from superficial oxic peat layers by measuring Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) and Substrate Induced Growth Response (SIGR). Total and active microbial biomass, microbial growth potential and potential exo-enzyme activities were determined in unamended samples and after nitrogen and/or glucose amendments.
Remarkably, peat origin and land use did not affect basal respiration rates. In contrast, land use affected microbial biomass and potential growth rates as they were quadrupled in dairy meadows compared to nature reserves. This may be attributable to the pulses of organic and inorganic fertiliser that are being supplied in agricultural peatlands. Potential activities of oxidative exo-enzymes (phenol oxidase, POX, and phenol peroxidase, POD), in contrast, depended more on peat type, indicating a difference in peat substrate quality. Basal respiration rates and enzyme activities were not related. Phosphorus enrichment was identified as a potential driver of increased peat decomposition. The activity of the oxidative enzyme phenol oxidase and the concentration of phenolic compounds, which are considered to be the main regulators of peat decomposition according to the enzymic latch theory, were not related to respiration rates. It was concluded that decomposition theories like the enzymic latch theory (attributing a main role in the regulation of decomposition to phenolic compounds and phenol oxidase) were not supported by our research in the drained peat soils in the Netherlands.", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "Peat", "national", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Energy limitation", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "SIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-26", "title": "Soil microbial carbon use efficiency and biomass turnover in a long-term fertilization experiment in a temperate grassland", "description": "
Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), defined as the ratio of organic C allocated to growth over organic C taken up, strongly affects soil carbon (C) cycling. Despite the importance of the microbial CUE for the terrestrial C cycle, very little is known about how it is affected by nutrient availability. Therefore, we studied microbial CUE and microbial biomass turnover time in soils of a long-term fertilization experiment in a temperate grassland comprising five treatments (control, PK, NK, NP, NPK). Microbial CUE and the turnover of microbial biomass were determined using a novel substrate-independent method based on incorporation of 18O from labeled water into microbial DNA. Microbial respiration was 28-37% smaller in all three N treatments (NK, NP, and NPK) compared to the control, whereas the PK treatment did not affect microbial respiration. N-fertilization decreased microbial C uptake, while the microbial growth rate was not affected. Microbial CUE ranged between 0.31 and 0.45, and was 1.3- to 1.4-fold higher in the N-fertilized soils than in the control. The turnover time ranged between 80 and 113 days and was not significantly affected by fertilization. Net primary production (NPP) and the abundance of legumes differed strongly across the treatments, and the fungal:bacterial ratio was very low in all treatments. Structural equation modeling revealed that microbial CUE was exclusively controlled by N fertilization and that neither the abundance of legumes (as a proxy for the quality of the organic matter inputs) nor NPP (as a proxy for C inputs) had an effect on microbial CUE. Our results show that N fertilization did not only decrease microbial respiration, but also microbial C uptake, indicating that less C was intracellularly processed in the N fertilized soils. The reason for reduced C uptake and increased CUE in the N-fertilization treatments is likely an inhibition of oxidative enzymes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds by N in combination with a reduced energy requirement for microbial N acquisition in the fertilized soils. In conclusion, the study shows that N availability can control soil C cycling by affecting microbial CUE, while plant community-mediated changes in organic matter inputs and P and K availability played no important role for C partitioning of the microbial community in this temperate grassland.
", "keywords": ["FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Nitrogen addition", "BACTERIAL", "NITROGEN DEPOSITION", "GROWTH EFFICIENCY", "FOREST FLOOR", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Stoichiometry", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "RESPIRATION", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "Microbial growth yield", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mean residence time", "STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROLS", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "106026 Ecosystem research", "COMMUNITY STRUCTURE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Microbial Exoenzyme Activity In Mangrove Peat", "description": "Abstract Mangroves receive increasing quantities of nutrients as a result of coastal development, which could lead to significant changes in carbon sequestration and soil subsidence. We hypothesised that mangrove-produced tannins induce a nitrogen (N) limitation on microbial decomposition even when plant growth is limited by phosphorus (P). As a result, increased N influx would lead to a net loss of sequestered carbon negating the ability to compensate for sea level rise in P-limited mangroves. To examine this, we quantified the short- and long-term effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass and decomposition-related enzyme activities in a Rhizophora mangle-dominated mangrove, which had been subjected to fertilisation treatments for a period of fifteen years. We compared microbial biomass, elemental stoichiometry and potential enzyme activity in dwarf and fringe-type R. mangle-dominated sites, where primary production is limited by P or N depending on the proximity to open water. Even in P-limited mangroves, microbial activity was N-limited as indicated by stoichiometry and an increase in enzymic activity upon N amendment. Nevertheless, microbial biomass increased upon field additions of P, indicating that the carbon supply played even a larger role. Furthermore, we found that P amendment suppressed phenol oxidase activity, while N amendment did not. The possible differential nutrient limitations of microbial decomposers versus primary producers implies that the direction of the effect of eutrophication on carbon sequestration is nutrient-specific. In addition, this study shows that phenol oxidase activities in this system decrease through P, possibly strengthening the enzymic latch effect of mangrove tannins. Furthermore, it is argued that the often used division between N-harvesting, P-harvesting, and carbon-harvesting exoenzymes needs to be reconsidered.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Decomposition", "Peat", "Differential nutrient limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Microbial elemental stoichiometry", "13. Climate action", "international", "Taverne", "11. Sustainability", "Mangroves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "SOC", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-12", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Of Soils Under Pure And Mixed Stands Of Beech And Spruce, Affected By Decomposing Foliage Litter Mixtures", "description": "Soil respiration is the largest terrestrial source of CO2 to the atmosphere. In forests, roughly half of the soil respiration is autotrophic (mainly root respiration) while the remainder is heterotrophic, originating from decomposition of soil organic matter. Decomposition is an important process for cycling of nutrients in forest ecosystems. Hence, tree species induced changes may have a great impact on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Since studies on the combined effects of beech\u2013spruce mixtures are very rare, we firstly measured CO2 emission rates in three adjacent stands of pure spruce (Picea abies), mixed spruce\u2013beech and pure beech (Fagus sylvatica) on three base-rich sites (Flysch) and three base-poor sites (Molasse; yielding a total of 18 stands) during two summer periods using the closed chamber method. CO2 emissions were higher on the well-aerated sandy soils on Molasse than on the clayey soils on Flysch, characterized by frequent water logging. Mean CO2 effluxes increased from spruce (41) over the mixed (55) to the beech (59) stands on Molasse, while tree species effects were lower on Flysch (30\u201335, mixed > beech = spruce; all data in mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121). Secondly, we studied decomposition after fourfold litter manipulations at the 6 mixed species stands: the Oi \u2013 and Oe horizons were removed and replaced by additions of beech \u2013, spruce \u2013 and mixed litter of the adjacent pure stands of known chemical quality and one zero addition (blank) in open rings (20 cm inner diameter), which were covered with meshes to exclude fresh litter fall. Mass loss within two years amounted to 61\u201368% on Flysch and 36\u201344% on Molasse, indicating non-additive mixed species effects (mixed litter showed highest mass loss). However, base cation release showed a linear response, increasing from the spruce \u2013 over the mixed \u2013 to the beech litter. The differences in N release (immobilization) resulted in a characteristic converging trend in C/N ratios for all litter compositions on both bedrocks during decomposition. In the summers 2006 and 2007 we measured CO2 efflux from these manipulated areas (a closed chamber fits exactly over such a ring) as field indicator of the microbial activity. Net fluxes (subtracting the so-called blank values) are considered an indicator of litter induced changes only and increased on both bedrocks from the spruce \u2013 over the mixed \u2013 to the beech litter. According to these measurements, decomposing litter contributed between 22\u201332% (Flysch) and 11\u201328% (Molasse) to total soil respiration, strengthening its role within the global carbon cycle.", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "FLUXES", "Fagus sylvatica", "NUTRIENT RELEASE", "BROADLEAF", "Nutrient cycling", "01 natural sciences", "Mixed species effects", "507015 Regionalforschung", "FORESTS", "FAGUS-SYLVATICA", "CO(2) efflux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Picea abies", "Litter decomposition", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PICEA-ABIES", "RESPIRATION", "13. Climate action", "507015 Regional research", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LEAF-LITTER"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:2046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:27:52Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Soil microorganisms as hidden miners of phosphorus in soils under different cover crop and tillage treatments", "description": "Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting plant nutrients for agricultural production. The soil microbial community plays a key role in nutrient cycling, affecting access of roots to P, as well as mobilization and mineralization of organic P (Porg). This thesis aimed to better understand the potential of cover crops to enhance plant-soil-microbe interactions to improve the availability of P. This dissertation consists of a meta-analysis of and two field experiments. The used methods showed that microbial P, the activity of P-cycling enzymes and PLFAs increased under cover crops, indicating an enhanced potential for organic P cycling. Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and to a lesser extent also arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increased their abundance with cover crops. However, saprotrophic fungi could benefit most from the substrate input derived from cover crop roots or litter. Enzyme-stable Porg shifted towards pools of a greater lability in the active soil compartments (rhizosheath and detritusphere). The effects of agricultural management, such as cover crop species choice and tillage, were detectable, but weaker compared to the effect of the presence of cover crops. With the obtained results, the research aims of this thesis could be successfully addressed. We were able to confirm that cover crops have the potential to improve main crops\u0092 access to P. Furthermore, we presented and discussed three pathways of P benefit. In the plant biomass pathway, P is cycled through cover crop biomass and becomes available for the main crop upon litter decomposition. The microbial enhancement pathway describes how the cover crop\u0092s interaction with soil microbes increases their abundance and activity, thereby increasing the availability of Porg. Some cover crop species seem to be capable of utilizing a biochemical modification pathway, where changes in the sorption capacity of the soil result in a greater quantity of plant-available phosphate. However, the latter pathway was apparently not important in the crop rotations used in our field experiments. The data also allowed us to characterize ways in which plant-soil-microbe interactions under cover crops affected the relationship of soil microbial functions to the enzymatic availability of Porg pools. Cover crops increased the abundance and activity of microbes, especially fungi, as well as microbial P. This enhancement in P-cycling potential shifted Porg toward pools of greater availability to added enzymes. However, the relation between enzymes and Porg pools is complex and is possibly affected by soil P composition and other site characteristics, indicating the need for further research in this area. Finally, we elucidated how the choice of cover crop species and agricultural management can shift the relative importance of the pathways for the P benefit of the main crop, while site-specific management allows farmers to adapt to local conditions and to optimize the functions of their agroecosystems. In conclusion, our results indicate that the pathways of cover crop derived P benefit take place simultaneously. We confirmed the potential of cover crop biomass for the cycling of P, and we suggest that our observed increases in the availability of soil Porg are related to microbial abundance and activity. The interactions of cover cropping and tillage indicate also that P benefit can be optimized by management decisions. Finally, these new insights into soil phosphorus cycling in agroecosystems have the potential to support further development of more sustainable agricultural systems. Phosphor (P) ist einer der wichtigsten limitierenden Naehrstoffe fuer das Pflanzenwachstum in der Landwirtschaft. Bodenmikroben spielen eine Schluesselrolle in Naehrstoffkreislaeufen, beeinflussen das Wachstum von Pflanzenwurzeln, die Mobilisierung sowie die Mineralisierung von organischem P (Porg) und somit den Zugang zu P. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation war die Einschaetzung des Potentials von Zwischenfruechten zur Verbesserung der Interaktionen im System Pflanze-Boden-Mikroben und einer dadurch moeglichen Steigerung der P-Verfuegbarkeit fuer die Hauptfruechte. Diese Dissertation umfasst drei wissenschaftliche Veroeffentlichungen: Eine Literaturrecherche und Meta-Analyse sowie zwei selbst durchgefuehrte Feldexperimente. Die verwendeten Methoden zeigten, dass Zwischenfruechte den P-Gehalt in der mikrobiellen Biomasse, die Aktivitaet von Phosphatasen und mikrobielle Fettsaeuremarker (PLFAs) erhoehen, was auf ein gesteigertes Umsatzpotential von organischen Phosphorverbindungen hindeutet. Die Abundanz von grampositiven und gramnegativen Bakterien, sowie in geringerem Umfang auch von arbuskulaeren Mykorrhizapilzen, wurde durch Zwischenfruechte erhoeht. Gleichwohl waren saprotrophe Bodenpilze die mikrobielle Gruppe, die am meisten von der Substratzufuhr der Wurzeln und Streu profitieren konnte. Stabiles P wurde in den aktiven Bodenzonen der Rhizosphaere und Detritusphaere in labilere Porg-Pools transformiert. Bewirtschaftungseffekte, wie die Wahl der Zwischenfrucht oder Bodenbearbeitung, waren erkennbar, aber wesentlich schwaecher ausgepraegt als der Zwischenfruchteffekt insgesamt. Unsere Ergebnisse bestaetigen, dass Zwischenfruchtanbau zur Steigerung der P - Verfuegbarkeit fuer die Hauptfrucht fuehren kann. Darueber hinaus konnten wir fuer den P- Vorteil drei grundsaetzliche Wirkungspfade aufzeigen, die in aktiven Bodenraeumen stattfinden. UEber den Wirkungspfad \u0084Pflanzenbiomasse\u0093 wird P aus dem Boden in die Biomasse der Zwischenfrucht aufgenommen und waehrend der Zersetzung der Streu fuer die Hauptfrucht verfuegbar. UEber den Wirkungspfad \u0084mikrobielle Verstaerkung\u0093 steigert die Zwischenfrucht im Wurzelraum die Biomasse und Aktivitaet der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft, wodurch diese die Verfuegbarkeit von Porg erhoehen kann. Durch den Wirkungspfad \u0084biochemische Modifikation\u0093 scheinen manche Zwischenfruchtarten in der Lage zu sein, ueber Wurzelexsudate die P-Sorption im Boden zu senken und dadurch den Anteil an pflanzenverfuegbarem Phosphat zu erhoehen. Weiterhin ermoeglichen die erhobenen Daten die Diskussion, inwiefern mikrobielle Funktionen und die Mineralisierbarkeit von Porg zusammenhaengen und wie die Interaktionen von Pflanzen beeinflusst werden. Zwischenfruechte steigerten sowohl die Abundanz und Aktivitaet von Mikroben, als auch die Menge an P in der mikrobiellen Biomasse. Diese Potentialsteigerung des P-Kreislaufs steigerte die Verfuegbarkeit des Porg fuer zugefuegte Enzyme. Es muss bedacht werden, dass die Rueckkopplungen zwischen Enzymaktivitaet und verschiedenen Porg-Pools komplex sind. Diese haengen von den lokalen Eigenschaften des Bodens, wie etwa der Zusammensetzung des P-Vorrats, ab und sollten durch zukuenftige Studien geklaert werden. Drittens zeigen unsere Untersuchungen, wie die Wahl der Zwischenfrucht und die der Bewirtschaftung (z.B. Bodenbearbeitung oder Fruchtfolge) die relative Gewichtung der verschiedenen Pfade des P-Vorteils fuer die Hauptfrucht beeinflussen. Standortangepasste Zwischenfruchtsysteme erlauben es Landwirt:innen, die Funktionen ihres Agrooekosystems hinsichtlich der lokalen Bedingungen zu optimieren. Zusammenfassend bestaetigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass der P-Bedarf der Hauptfrucht ueber die Biomasse der Zwischenfrucht gedeckt werden kann und zeigen auf, dass die charakterisierten drei Pfade des P-Vorteils durch Zwischenfruchtanbau parallel stattfinden. Schlie\u00dflich koennen die hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ueber den Phosphorkreislauf, basierend auf der Kombination von bodenmikrobiologischen Methoden mit der Charakterisierung der Labilitaet von Porg, zur zukuenftigen Entwicklung einer nachhaltigeren Landwirtschaft beitragen.", "keywords": ["830", "Bodenmikrobiologie", "Fruchtfolge", "phosphorus mobilization", "Agriculture", "Phosphor", "N\u00e4hrstoffkreislauf", "Zwischenfrucht", "630", "soil microbiology", "Bodenmikroorganismus", "sustainable agriculture", "nutrient management", "ddc:630", "Phosphorkreislauf"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hallama, Moritz", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:2046"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:2046", "name": "item", "description": "oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:2046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:2046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2024-09-24T14:57:55", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "GSI GEMAS European Geochemical Data", "description": "The GEMAS Dataset is based on low density geochemical sampling of agriculture (Ap) and Grassland (Gr) Soils across 34 European countries. Sample density covering an area of 5.6 million km\u00b2 of 1 site each, arable land (0-20\u00a0cm) and land under permanent grass cover (0-10\u00a0cm), per 2\u00a0500\u00a0km\u00b2. The Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and GRAZING Land Soil comprises more than 70 chemical elements and parameters determined on more than 4000 soil samples. The geochemistry of European agriculture and grazing Soils are depicted graphically on maps of the GEMAS geochemical atlas. In 2016 the Geological Survey of Ireland as a European partner contributes to GEMAS and EGDI (European Geological Data Infrastructure) with provision of a GIS Spatial data classification and publication of WMS geochemical web mapping services to support European data interoperability of EGDI web portal. The GIS GEMAS sample classification was constructed in ArcGIS 10.1 and the original GEMAS Dataset is available as ESRI shapefile format.", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI REST"}], "keywords": ["agricultural-soil", "analysis", "arable-land", "arable-land-groundwater", "chemical", "chemistry", "continental-scale", "earth-science", "egdi", "environment", "europe", "european-soil-analysis", "forensic-chemistry", "gemas", "geochemical", "geochemical-analysis", "geochemical-mapping", "geology", "geoscientificinformation", "grazing-land", "groundwater", "heavy-metals", "ie", "ireland", "land", "lithosphere", "mapping", "metal", "micka", "pedosphere", "science", "soil", "soil-nutrient", "toxic-element", "trace-element"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://data.gov.ie/organization/geological-survey-of-ireland", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geus.dk/egdi/?mapname=egdi_new_structure#baslay=baseMapGEUS&optlay=&extent=1237790%2C1796730%2C4849410%2C4619780&%20target=_blank"}, {"href": "https://gemas.eurogeosurveys.org/"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geochemistry/Data/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84.zip"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/rest/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/rest/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer?f=pjson"}, {"href": "https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/server/services/Geochemistry/IE_GSI_GEMAS_Geochemistry_Agricultural_Grazing_Land_Soil_EU_WGS84/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "name": "item", "description": "0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0c6c5bbc-20a7-4011-8585-7befb511a4b4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "0df2947b-e8b8-42e5-a52d-16cf5ded1cf2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-29.7, -34.9], [-29.7, 28.7], [55.4, 28.7], [55.4, -34.9], [-29.7, -34.9]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Africa"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2024-03-01T12:25:03", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "Africa SoilGrids nutrients - Nutrient clusters based on fuzzy k-means", "description": "Nutrient clusters based on fuzzy k-means of the soil fine earth fraction and spatially predicted at 250 m spatial resolution across sub-Saharan Africa using Machine Learning (ensemble between random forest and gradient boosting) using soil data from the Africa Soil Profiles database (AfSP) compiled by AfSIS and recent soil data newly collected by AfSIS in partnership with EthioSIS (Ethiopia), GhaSIS (Ghana) and NiSIS (Nigeria as made possible by OCP Africa and IITA), combined with soil data as made available by Wageningen University and Research, IFDC, VitalSigns, University of California and the OneAcreFund. [Values M = mean value predicted]. For details see below for peer reviewed paper (T. Hengl, J.G.B. Leenaars, K.D. Shepherd, M.G. Walsh, G.B.M. Heuvelink, Tekalign Mamo, H. Tilahun, E. Berkhout, M. Cooper, E. Fegraus, I. Wheeler, N.A. Kwabena, 2017. Soil nutrient maps of Sub-Saharan Africa: assessment of soil nutrient content at 250 m spatial resolution using machine learning. Nutri\u00ebnt Cycling in Agroecosystems 109(1): 77-102). Maps produced for the Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), funded by the Netherlands government, in collaboration with the AfSIS and the Vital Signs projects.", "formats": [{"name": "GTiff"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "OGC:WCS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["nutrients", "digital soil mapping", "Soil science", "Africa"], "contacts": [{"name": "Johan Leenaars", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior soil scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "johan.leenaars@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Tom Hengl", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Former staff", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "None"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data infodesk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "distancevalue": "250", "distanceuom": "m"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/af250m_nutrient/af250m_nutrient_ncluster_m.tif", "name": "Download GeoTIFF at depth", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://maps.isric.org/mapserv?map=/map/af250m_nutrient.map", "name": "af250m_nutrient", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.isric.org/mapserv?map=/map/af250m_nutrient.map", "name": "af250m_nutrient", "protocol": "OGC:WCS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/africa-soilgrids-soil-nutrient-maps-sub-saharan-africa-250-m-resolution", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10705-017-9870-x", "name": "Scientific paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.isric.org/mapserv?map=/map/af250m_nutrient.map&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetMap&BBOX=-35,-30,29,56&CRS=EPSG:4326&WIDTH=1426&HEIGHT=895&LAYERS=af250m_nutrient_ncluster_m&STYLES=&FORMAT=png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0df2947b-e8b8-42e5-a52d-16cf5ded1cf2", "name": "item", "description": "0df2947b-e8b8-42e5-a52d-16cf5ded1cf2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0df2947b-e8b8-42e5-a52d-16cf5ded1cf2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1980-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2016-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "0f85c381-e496-47d9-89d8-f1fe2ee1a517", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Global"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2025-02-05T10:34:26", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "A homogenized soil data file for global environmental research: A subset of FAO, ISRIC and NRCS profiles", "description": "A homogenized, global set of 1,125 soil profiles is presented. These profiles have been extracted from the database developed at ISRIC for a project on \"World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials\" (WISE), as a contribution to the activities of the Global Soils Data Task Group of IGBP-DIS. The subset consists of a selection of 665 profiles originating from digital data files released by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, Lincoln), 250 profiles obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, Rome), and 210 profiles from the reference collection of the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC, Wageningen). All profiles are georeferenced and classified in the FAO-Unesco Legend whereby they can be linked to the edited and digital version of the FAO-Unesco Soil Map of the World. This data set is being released in the public domain for use by global modellers and other interested scientists. It is envisaged that the data set will be expanded by ISRIC when new, uniform soil profile data become available.\n\nNote: \na) A more recent version (some 10,000 profiles) of WISE profiles is available at: http://data.isric.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a351682c-330a-4995-a5a1-57ad160e621c (2009)\nb) For a larger compilation see the WoSIS database: http://isric.org/explore/wosis (2017)", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic carbon", "bulk density", "soil classification", "soil depth", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "soil profiles", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Global"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Eloi Ribeiro", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information (WDC - Soils)", "position": "Geoinformatic", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["P.O. Box 47"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6708 PB", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data info desk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information (WDC - Soils)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data info desk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information (WDC - Soils)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information (WDC - Soils)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "distancevalue": "30", "distanceuom": "arc-second"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/wise/ISRIC_report_1995_10b.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/documents/document-type/isric-report-199510b-homogenized-soil-data-file-global-environmental", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/wise/ISRIC-WISE_Internat_Soil_Prof_Data_Set_c.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0f85c381-e496-47d9-89d8-f1fe2ee1a517", "name": "item", "description": "0f85c381-e496-47d9-89d8-f1fe2ee1a517", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0f85c381-e496-47d9-89d8-f1fe2ee1a517"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1950-01-01T00:00:00Z", "1995-07-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2199", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-27", "title": "Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe", "description": "AbstractThe relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.
", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.202000487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-04", "title": "Oat, corncockle, and lupine growth affects resin\u2010extractable soil phosphorus and soil microbial properties differently#", "description": "AbstractBackgroundImproved use of legacy phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils is requested to reduce the need for P fertilizers. Adapted use of cover crops (CCs) may be a promising tool to support this.
AimWe estimated the P allocation to roots and shoots of oat (Avena sativa, cv Posedion), corncockle (Agrostemma githago), and lupine (Lupinus angustifolius, cv Iris) and their effect on soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure, and indices of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available soil\uffc2\uffa0P.
MethodsWe grew the CCs in pots on soils with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90P status. After 40\uffc2\uffa0days, we measured P, N, and C uptake in shoots and roots; soil microbial C, N, and P; and pH and inorganic P extracted with water (PH2O) and anion\uffe2\uff80\uff90exchange resins (Presin). Soil microbial activity and community structure were assessed by determining phosphomono\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and phosphodiesterase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase activity and by extraction of phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFAs and NFLAs).
ResultsCorncockle and lupine took up similar amounts of P, but corncockle had an almost fourfold higher concentration of P. In the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P soil, the activity of phosphomonoesterase and soil microbial biomass (total microbial PLFA) were higher after lupine. CCs did not affect PH2O, but after corncockle, Presin was reduced in the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90P soil. Oat enhanced the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil.
ConclusionsOur results thus suggest that CC species with different P uptake and P uptake strategies can modify aspects in soil of potential importance for the P supply of the following main crop.Global change is expected to reduce the provision of multiple ecosystem services in drylands, the largest biome on Earth. Understanding the relative importance of climate change and overgrazing on ecosystems services is critical for predicting the effects of global change on ecosystem well\uffe2\uff80\uff90being. We generated a system\uffe2\uff80\uff90level understanding of the effects of climate (aridity intensity) and land use intensification (herbivore grazing intensity) on four regulating ecosystem services (C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, and organic matter decomposition) and one provisioning service (plant production) in wooded drylands from eastern Australia. Climate change and grazing intensity had different effects on multiple ecosystem services. Increasing aridity from 0\uffc2\uffb719 (dry subhumid) to 0\uffc2\uffb763 (arid) had consistent suppressive effects on C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storage, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability, decomposition and plant biomass services, but not on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. The magnitude of these suppressive effects was greater than any effects due to grazing. All sites showed evidence of kangaroo grazing, but the heaviest grazing was due to cattle (dung: range 0\uffe2\uff80\uff934545\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921; mean 142\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Any effects of grazing on ecosystem services were herbivore specific and ranged from positive to neutral or negative. Sheep, and to a lesser extent cattle, were associated with greater N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. Rabbits, however, had a greater effect on P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability than aridity. Our study suggests that increases in livestock grazing may fail to sustain ecosystem services because of the generally stronger negative effect of increasing aridity on most ecosystem services in our model dryland. These services are likely therefore to decline with global increases in aridity. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "ecosystem services", " nutrient cycling", " climate change", " dryland", " grazing", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2736", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2736", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2736"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-27", "title": "Analysis Of The Effects Of Rotational Woodlots On The Nutrition And Yield Of Maize Following Trees In Western Tanzania", "description": "Farmers in western Tanzania are establishing rotations of trees and crops in an attempt to overcome the shortage of wood, reverse deforestation of natural forests and improve soil fertility for food security enhancement. We compared fallows of Acacia crassicarpa, A. julifera, A. leptocarpa, Leucaena pallida and Senna siamea, with traditional bush fallow and continuous sole maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness offallow types in terms of N, Pand K use by maize. Trees were intercropped with maize for the first 3 years. After 5 years, trees were harvested, wood components were removed, and leaves, twigs and grasses were incorporated into the soil. Factorial N,P,Ktrialswere carriedoutwithmaizegrown afterthefallowtypes. Parameters studiedweregrainyield,uptakeof N,PandK,and nutrient use efficiency. The effects offertiliser were much stronger than the effects offallow types. Therewas no clear effect of tree fallows on nutrient use efficiency of the following maize. Non-fertilized maize yielded more after acacia than after the other trees and natural fallow. Upon fertiliser application the influences of fallow types became weaker. Fertiliser N improved maize yields more than fertiliser P, and there was a positive NP interaction. Fertilizer K did not bring about clear effects. N recovery efficiency was improved by the application of P and vice versa. When fertilisers were applied, differences in average maize grain yields between tree fallows and natural fallow varied from 300 kg ha 1 (for A. julifera) to minus 250 kg ha 1 (for S. siamea). A yield increase of 300 kg maize grain could also be obtained by application of 10 kg fertiliser N or 8 kg fertiliser P. The best fallow type for soil fertility improvement was Acacia juliferasuggesting that this acacia is mining the soil for P and K. In conclusion, benefits of rotational woodlots seem larger in terms of wood production than in terms of soil fertility restoration. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "fallow", "soil fertility", "quefts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "agroforestry", "africa", "nutrients", "vegetation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nyadzi, G.I., Janssen, B.H., Oenema, O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp3.10222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-24", "title": "The emerging threat of human\u2010use antifungals in sustainable and circular agriculture schemes", "description": "Societal Impact StatementRapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure of agricultural soils and associated biota to emerging contaminants including azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant exposure to three commonly prescribed azole antifungals can reduce mycorrhizal 33P transfer from the soil into the host plant. This suggests that exposure to azoles may have a significant impact on mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transfer of nutrients in soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant systems. Understanding the unintended consequences of sustainable agricultural practices is needed to ensure the security and safety of future food production systems.
Summary
Sustainable farming practices are increasingly necessary to meet the demands of a growing population under constraints imposed by climate change. These practices, in particular the reuse of wastewater and amending soil with wastewater derived biosolids, provide a pathway for man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made chemicals to enter the agricultural environment.
Among the chemicals commonly detected in wastewater and biosolids are pharmaceutical azole antifungals. Fungi, in particular mycorrhiza\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming fungal symbionts of plant roots, are key drivers of nutrient cycling in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant system. As such, greater understanding of the impacts of azole antifungal exposure in agricultural systems is urgently needed.
We exposed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Skyfall\uffe2\uff80\uff99) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmentally relevant concentrations of three azole antifungals (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate and fluconazole). We traced the mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquired 33P from the soil into the host plant in contaminated versus non\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soils and found 33P transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to host plants was reduced in soils containing antifungals. This represents a potentially major disruption to soil nutrient flows as a result of soil contamination.
Our work raises the major issue of exposure of soil biota to pharmaceuticals such as azole antifungals, introduced via sustainable agricultural practices, as a potentially globally important disruptive influence on soil nutrient cycles. The impacts of these compounds on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target organisms, beneficial mycorrhizal fungi in particular, could have major implications on security and sustainability of future food systems.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for crops. Precise spatiotemporal application of P fertilizer can improve plant P acquisition and reduce run\uffe2\uff80\uff90off losses of P. Optimizing application would benefit from understanding the dynamics of P release from a fertilizer pellet into bulk soil, which requires space\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolved measurements of P concentration in soil solutions. In this study, we combined microdialysis and X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to investigate P transport in soil. Microdialysis probes enabled repeated solute sampling from one location with minimal physical disturbance, and their small dimensions permitted spatially resolved monitoring. We observed a rapid initial release of P from the source, producing high dissolved P concentrations within the first 24\uffc2\uffa0h, followed by a decrease in dissolved P over time compatible with adsorption onto soil particles. Soils with greater bulk density (i.e., reduced soil porosity) impeded the P pulse movement, which resulted in a less homogeneous distribution of total P in the soil column at the end of the experiment. The model fit to the data showed that the observed phenomena can be explained by diffusion and adsorption. The results showed that compared with conventional measurement techniques (e.g., suction cups), microdialysis measurements present a less invasive alternative. The time\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolved measurements ultimately highlighted rapid P dynamics that require more attention for improving P use efficiency.Soil microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a main factor of global change, but its effects on soil nutrient availability and uptake by crops (macro and micronutrients) are largely unknown. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are regulators of nutrient availability and uptake and can interact with soil MP.Materials and MethodsBuilding on previous studies, here we explored in a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90days pot experiment the influence and interaction of MP fibres (0.4%) and commercial AMF in soil and onion chemistry, that is, in elemental composition of onion shoots and soils (C, N, Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and micronutrient soil availability (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn).
ResultsMP had detrimental effects on K, Mg and S, but increased the soil availability of Zn and shoot uptake. AMF inoculation buffered the effects of MP by balancing/enhancing nutrient availability and plant uptake. Particularly, the commercial AMF inoculum remarkably enhanced Mn uptake by onion.
ConclusionOur results support the use of AMF to sustainably manage agricultural ecosystems contaminated with MP, buffering and counteracting the effects of MP by balancing nutrient availability and plant uptake.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "microplastics", "Agriculture (General)", "Microplastics", "macronutrients", "Qu\u00edmica", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "soil", "Environmental sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "micronutrients", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Macronutrients", "Micronutrients", "Onion", "onion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sae2.12006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Agriculture%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/sae2.12006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/sae2.12006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/sae2.12006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00010714", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-18", "title": "Residual Effects Of Natural Bush, Cajanus Cajan And Tephrosia Candida On The Productivity Of An Acid Soil In Southeastern Nigeria", "description": "An experiment was established in 1986 to examine the contribution of Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan shrubs to improving the productivity of an acid soil. The main treatments were N levels (0 and 60 kg ha-1) with subplots of maize/natural bush, maize/Tephrosia candida, maize/Cajanus cajan, maize + cassava/natural bush, maize + cassava/Tephrosia candida, and maize + cassava/Cajanus cajan. In 1988, all plots were cleared and maize uniformly planted to study the residual effects of the treatments. No residual effects of N application were observed. Tephrosia candiada and Cajanus cajan increased surface soil organic carbon and total N levels over the natural bush. However, only Tephrosia candida plots produced improved maize grain and stover yield. Highly significant correlations were found between maize grain yield and earleaf N (r=0.73**), grain N (r=0.51**), and stover N (r=0.54**) contents. These results suggest that Tephrosia candida increased N availability in the soil. Therefore, the shrub has potential for improving the productivity of acid soils under traditional systems, where N is limiting due to the absence of N2-fixing legumes in the natural bush fallow.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nutrients", "legumes", "15. Life on land", "intercropping", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gichuru, M.P.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00010714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00010714", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00010714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00010714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00010794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Nutrient And Carbon-Dioxide Release By Interacting Species Of Straw-Decomposing Fungi", "description": "Pairs of fungi were incubated on wheat straw in microcosms for 10 weeks. Release of Na+, K+ and NH4+-N was similar from all combinations, but Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43--P release depended on the species. In Agrocybe gibberosa/Chaetomium globosum and Sphaerobolus stellatus/Chaetomium globosum combinations, there was evidence of interactions which suppressed the predicted rate of phosphate release, and in all the mixed species combinations there were interactions which increased the rate of fungal respiration above that of the more combative fungus in pure culture. ei]{gnR}{fnMerckx}", "keywords": ["decomposition", "nutrients", "fungal interactions", "straw", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robinson, Clare H., Dighton, J., Frankland, Juliet C., Coward, P. A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00010794"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00010794", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00010794", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00010794"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00041373", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-30", "title": "Plant Community Dynamics In A Semiarid Ecosystem In Relation To Nutrient Addition Following A Major Disturbance", "description": "Effects of annual additions of mineral N and P (100 kg ha\u22121) on plant species composition and annual aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were investigated during the first three years following disturbance in a semi-arid ecosystem. Additions of N reduced richness of perennial plant species during years 2 and 3, while P reduced the number of perennial species only in year 3. From year 1 to year 2, annual and biennial species richness declined in all treatments while ANPP of annual species increased greatly. Added N increased ANPP of annual species while it decreased ANPP of most perennial species relative to the unfertilized control treatment. Community similarities were higher for the control and native vegetation than for other pairs of treatments using both species presence and plant production data. Nitrogen additions have retarded but not completely arrested secondary succession in this system.", "keywords": ["ecosystem", "0106 biological sciences", "nutrient", "plant", "15. Life on land", "Biology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John C. Stark, John C. Stark, Alan T. Carpenter, Alan T. Carpenter, John C. Moore, John C. Moore, Edward F. Redente, Edward F. Redente,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00041373"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00041373", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00041373", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00041373"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1990-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00114814", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-31", "title": "Faidherbia-Albida And Its Effects On Ethiopian Highland Vertisols", "description": "On a Vertisol under 850 mm rainfall, at an altitude of 1850 m, Faidherbia albida trees that occurred at 6.52 trees ha\u22121, with a canopy cover that range from 97 m2 ha\u22121 to 229 m2 ha\u22121 were recorded. Studies on the lateral and vertical influence of the tree canopy on some physical and chemical properties of the soil, show apparent higher organic matter on the West side of the tree than the East due to accumulated wind blown litter by prevalent wind direction, and organic matter, N, P and K levels were higher under the tree canopy than outside for all directions and depths studied. Soil pH, exchangeable Na, Ca and Mg under the canopy and outside were similar. Available water capacity was 1.5 to 2 times more under than outside the tree. Noticeable increases in the silt fraction under the tree was recorded and discussed in relation to soil condition improvement and plant growth.", "keywords": ["faidherbia albida", "canopy", "water content", "0106 biological sciences", "nutrient content", "highlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vertisols", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kamara, C.S., Haque, I.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114814"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00114814", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00114814", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00114814"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00115737", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-03", "title": "Alley Cropping With Leucaena-Leucocephala (Lam) De Wit And Acioa-Barteri (Hook F) Engl", "description": "The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4 m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping. Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa. Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass, although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses. Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "2. Zero hunger", "sole cropping", "nutrients", "dry matter", "yields", "weeds", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "maize", "infestation", "cowpeas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Siaw, D.E.K.A., Kang, B.T., Okali, D.U.U.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00115737"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00115737", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00115737", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00115737"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf02139631", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-15", "title": "Alley Cropping Sequentially Cropped Maize And Cowpea With Leucaena On A Sandy Soil In Southern Nigeria", "description": "The potential of alley cropping maize and cowpea with the giant Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit) cultivar K-28 was studied on an Entisol (Psammentic Ustorthent) in Southern Nigeria. In this trial the crops were grown in 4 m wide alleys formed by periodically pruned leucaena hedgerows. The effect of application of leucaena prunings, nitrogen fertilizer and tillage was studied. Despite the very intensive pruning regime (five prunings/year) for a six-year period, the leucaena hedgerows continue to produce substantial amounts of prunings, nitrogen yield and stakes. Application of nitrogen to the maize crop increased dry matter and nitrogen yield from the leucaena prunings. Although high nitrogen yield was obtained from the prunings, the application of low nitrogen rates was still needed for obtaining a high maize yield. Maize grain yield can be sustained at about 2.0 t/ha with continuous application of leucacna prunings only. Without application of leucaena prunings and nitrogen maize yield continued to decline with subsequent croppings. Cowpea grain yield was not affected either by leucaena prunings or by residual nitrogen. Tillage (rototilling) resulted in either higher or the same maize and cowpea yields as compared with no-tillage. Application of leucaena prunings resulted in higher soil moisture retention, organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and also nitrate levels in the soil solution. Leucaena and maize appear to extract soil moisture from different zones in the soil. Timely pruning of hedgerows is necessary to minimize shading.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "2. Zero hunger", "leucaena leucocephala", "soil nutrient", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "cowpeas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kang, B.T., Grimme, H., Lawson, T.L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02139631"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf02139631", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf02139631", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf02139631"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-23", "title": "Nutrient Limitation In Rainforests And Cloud Forests Along A 3,000-M Elevation Gradient In The Peruvian Andes", "description": "We report results from a large-scale nutrient fertilization experiment along a 'megadiverse' (154 unique species were included in the study) 3,000-m elevation transect in the Peruvian Andes and adjacent lowland Amazonia. Our objectives were to test if nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation shift along this elevation gradient, and to determine how an alleviation of nutrient limitation would manifest in ecosystem changes. Tree height decreased with increasing elevation, but leaf area index (LAI) and diameter at breast height (DBH) did not vary with elevation. Leaf N:P decreased with increasing elevation (from 24 at 200 m to 11 at 3,000 m), suggesting increased N limitation and decreased P limitation with increasing elevation. After 4 years of fertilization (N, P, N + P), plots at the lowland site (200 m) fertilized with N + P showed greater relative growth rates in DBH than did the control plots; no significant differences were evident at the 1,000 m site, and plots fertilized with N at the highest elevation sites (1,500, 3,000 m) showed greater relative growth rates in DBH than did the control plots, again suggesting increased N constraint with elevation. Across elevations in general N fertilization led to an increase in microbial respiration, while P and N + P addition led to an increase in root respiration and corresponding decrease in hyphal respiration. There was no significant canopy response (LAI, leaf nutrients) to fertilization, suggesting that photosynthetic capacity was not N or P limited in these ecosystems. In sum, our study significantly advances ecological understanding of nutrient cycling and ecosystem response in a region where our collective knowledge and data are sparse: we demonstrate N limitation in high elevation tropical montane forests, N and P co-limitation in lowland Amazonia, and a nutrient limitation response manifested not in canopy changes, but rather in stem and belowground changes.", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "0106 biological sciences", "elevation", "Rain", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "nitrogen", "Trees", "Tropical", "montane forest", "Peru", "ecosystem response", "Forest", "phosphorus", "diameter", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient limitation", "photosynthesis", "leaf area index", "Amaz Fertilization", "Montane", "Keywords: cloud forest", "fertilizer application", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "growth rate", "rainforest"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/7/f5625xPUB64472013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/9/Meir_email.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/11/01_Fisher_Nutrient_limitation_in_2013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/77616/13/02_Fisher_Nutrient_limitation_in_2013.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2522-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-021-00759-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-26", "title": "How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?", "description": "AbstractQuantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25\uffc2\uffb0C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.Managing agricultural watersheds in an environmentally friendly manner necessitate the strategic implementation of well-targeted sustainable land management (SLM) practices that limit soil and nonpoint source pollution losses and translocation. Watershed-scale SLM-scenario modeling has the potential to identify efficient and effective management strategies from the field to the integrated landscape level. In a case study targeting a 66-hectare watershed in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to evaluate a variety of locally adoptable SLM practices. SWAT was calibrated and validated (monthly) at the catchment outlet for flow, sediment, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), and mineralized phosphorus (PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P) using SWATplusR. Considering the locally existing agricultural practices and socioeconomic and environmental factors of the research area, four conservation practices were evaluated: baseline scenario, contour farming (CF), winter cover crops (CC), and a combination of no-till and cover crops (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC). The NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC SLM practice was found to be the most effective soil conservation practice in reducing soil loss by around 80%, whereas CF obtained the best results for decreasing the nutrient loads of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P by 11% and 35%, respectively. The findings of this study imply that the setup SWAT model can serve the context-specific performance assessment and eventual promotion of SLM interventions that mitigate on-site land degradation and the consequential off-site environmental pollution resulting from agricultural nonpoint sources. 0.11). However, pigeonpea added up to 60 kg of N ha\u22121 to the system and accumulated up to 6 kg of P ha\u22121 and only 25% of this N and P were exported in the grain. In conclusion, beside the added grain yield of pigeonpea in the intercropped systems, pigeonpea increased the recirculation of dry matter, N and P, which may have a long-term effect on soil fertility. Furthermore, the stems from pigeonpea contributed to household fuel wood consumption. The intercropped system thus had multiple benefits that gave significant increase in combined yield per unit area without additional labour requirements. The main requirement in order to up-scale the maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping approach is sufficient supply of high-quality pigeonpea seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Food security", " food quality and human health", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nutrient&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nutrient&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nutrient&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=nutrient&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 610, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T08:51:40.484666Z"}