Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25\uffc2\uffb0C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.Litter quality parameters of Danthonia richardsonii grown under CO2 concentrations of \uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff83359 & \uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff83719\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a1 at three mineral N supply rates (2.2, 6.7 & 19.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2\uffe2\uff80\uff83y\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff8a1) were determined. C:N ratio was increased in senesced leaf (enhancement ratios, Re/c, of 1.25\uffe2\uff80\uff931.67), surface litter (1.34\uffe2\uff80\uff931.64) and root (1.13\uffe2\uff80\uff931.30) by CO2 enrichment. After 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of growth, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were reduced in senesced leaf lamina (avg. Re/c=\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffe2\uff80\uff830.84) but not in root in response to CO2 enrichment. Cellulose concentrations increased slightly in senesced leaf (avg. Re/c=\uffe2\uff80\uff8a\uffe2\uff80\uff831.07) but not in root in response to CO2 enrichment. Lignin and polyphenolic concentrations in senesced leaf and root were not changed by CO2 enrichment. Decomposition, measured as cumulative respiration in standard conditions in vitro, was reduced in leaf litter grown under CO2 enrichment. Root decomposition in vitro was lower in the material produced under CO2 enrichment at the two higher rates of mineral N supply. Significant correlations between decomposition of leaf litter and initial %N, C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio were found. Decomposition in vivo, measured as carbon disappearance from the surface litter was not affected by CO2 concentration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was not changed by CO2 enrichment. Microbial carbon was higher under CO2 enrichment at the two higher rates of mineral N supply. Possible reasons for the lack of effect of changes in litter quality on in\uffe2\uff80\uff90sward decomposition rates are discussed.
", "keywords": ["decomposition", "grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizae", "Microbial biomass", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "microcosm", "C3 plant", "litter", "Danthonia", "biochemical composition", "Long-term experiment", "Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nutrient availability", "Danthonia richardsonii C:N"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jason L. Lutze, Jason L. Lutze, Roger M. Gifford, Helen N. Adams,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00277.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-24", "title": "Using research networks to create the comprehensive datasets needed to assess nutrient availability as a key determinant of terrestrial carbon cycling", "description": "Open AccessA wide range of research shows that nutrient availability strongly influences terrestrial carbon (C) cycling and shapes ecosystem responses to environmental changes and hence terrestrial feedbacks to climate. Nonetheless, our understanding of nutrient controls remains far from complete and poorly quantified, at least partly due to a lack of informative, comparable, and accessible datasets at regional-to-global scales. A growing research infrastructure of multi-site networks are providing valuable data on C fluxes and stocks and are monitoring their responses to global environmental change and measuring responses to experimental treatments. These networks thus provide an opportunity for improving our understanding of C-nutrient cycle interactions and our ability to model them. However, coherent information on how nutrient cycling interacts with observed C cycle patterns is still generally lacking. Here, we argue that complementing available C-cycle measurements from monitoring and experimental sites with data characterizing nutrient availability will greatly enhance their power and will improve our capacity to forecast future trajectories of terrestrial C cycling and climate. Therefore, we propose a set of complementary measurements that are relatively easy to conduct routinely at any site or experiment and that, in combination with C cycle observations, can provide a robust characterization of the effects of nutrient availability across sites. In addition, we discuss the power of different observable variables for informing the formulation of models and constraining their predictions. Most widely available measurements of nutrient availability often do not align well with current modelling needs. This highlights the importance to foster the interaction between the empirical and modelling communities for setting future research priorities.", "keywords": ["Global vegetation models", "550", "manipulation experiments", "Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkages", "Kolefni", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "Jar\u00f0vegur", "Environmental resource management", "Global change", "General Environmental Science", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Carbon-nutrient cycle interactions", "2. Zero hunger", "Data syntheses", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Physics", "Life Sciences", "Application of Stable Isotopes in Trophic Ecology", "Cycling", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Chemistry", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Archaeology", "Physical Sciences", "Nutrient availability", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "LAND", "TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST", "carbon-nutrient cycle interactions", "data syntheses", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "SOIL-PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY", "global vegetation models", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "nutrients", "USE EFFICIENCY", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "GLOBAL CHANGE", "Key (lock)", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Manipulation experiments", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Ecosystem Structure", "Public Health", " Environmental and Occupational Health", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NITROGEN-FIXATION", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient Limitation", "ELEVATED CO2", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-21", "title": "Determinants Of Cryptogam Composition And Diversity In Sphagnum-Dominated Peatlands: The Importance Of Temporal, Spatial And Functional Scales", "description": "Summary
Changing temperature regimes and precipitation patterns in the Subarctic will impact on vegetation composition and diversity including those of bryophyte and lichen communities, which are major drivers of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude carbon and nutrient cycling and hydrology.
We investigated the relative importance of such impacts at different temporal, spatial and plant functional scales in subarctic Sphagnum fuscum\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated peatlands, comprising both an in situ warming experiment and natural climatic and topographic gradients in northern Sweden and Norway. We applied multivariate analyses to investigate the relationships among cryptogam and vascular plant species composition and abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic (Sphagnum growth) regimes at various scales.
At the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temporal scale (4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year warming experiment), increased temperature yielded no clear effect on cryptogam or vascular plant species composition. Spatially, direct effects of temperature were decisive for overall species composition across regions (macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale) rather than within one region (meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale). Moisture and Sphagnum growth were drivers of species composition at all spatial scales, and Sphagnum growth itself depended on its position on the microtopographic gradient and on temperature.
Grouping of bryophytes and lichens at increasing scales of functional aggregation from species, growth form to the major higher taxon level (Sphagnum, other mosses, liverworts, lichens) revealed mostly increasing correlation with climate regimes and Sphagnum growth. Excluding liverworts from the analysis tended to reduce the correlation.
Abundances of lichens, liverworts, non\uffe2\uff80\uff90Sphagnum mosses and (to a lesser degree) vascular plants were negatively related to Sphagnum abundance. Few cryptogam and vascular plant species showed a positive relationship with Sphagnum abundance. Correspondingly, cryptogam species richness and Shannon Index on peatlands strongly declined as Sphagnum abundance increased, while indices for vascular plants showed no significant relationship.
Synthesis. Scale, be it spatial or functional, strongly determined which environmental drivers showed the clearest relationships with vegetation composition and diversity. Our findings will help to optimize predictions about long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of climate on peatland vegetation composition, and subsequently its feedbacks to carbon and water cycles, at the regional scale.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "simulated environmental-change", "species composition", "western canada", "alaskan arctic tundra", "response surfaces", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "hylocomium-splendens", "13. Climate action", "physical gradients", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "nutrient availability", "community structure", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01472.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/6339-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Resorption Of Artemisia Scoparia, Chenopodium Acuminatum, Cannabis Sativa, And Phragmites Communis Under Nitrogen And Phosphorus Additions In A Semiarid Grassland, China", "description": "A factorial nitrogen (N) \u00d7 phosphorus (P) addition experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of leaf nutrient resorption to increased soil N and P availability in a semiarid grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Four plant species were selected, among which Artemisia scoparia and Chenopodium acuminatum were dominant species in the control and P-added plots, and Cannabis sativa and Phragmites communis were dominant in the N- and N + P-treated plots. Results showed that N and P resorption varied substantially among species (P < 0.01). A general trend of decrease in N resorption efficiency (NRE) and N resorption proficiency (NRP) was observed in response to increased soil N availability for all species, except P. communis only for NRE. Similarly, P resorption proficiency (PRP) decreased in response to P addition for all species, whereas P resorption efficiency (PRE) was not affected by P addition. Species responded differently in terms of PRE and PRP to N addition, whereas no changes in NRE and NRP occurred in response to P addition except P. communis for NRE. Our results suggest that increased soil nutrient availability can influence plant-mediated nutrient cycling directly by changing leaf nutrient resorption and indirectly by altering species composition in the sandy grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "species composition", "nitrogen limitation", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "litter decomposition", "nutrient availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sandy grassland", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. Mao, Z. Y. Yu, D. H. Zeng, Lu-Jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/6339-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/6339-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/6339-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/6339-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-10", "title": "Assessing Nitrogen Availability in Biobased Fertilizers: Effect of Vegetation on Mineralization Patterns", "description": "Biobased nitrogen (N) fertilizers derived from animal manure can substitute synthetic mineral N fertilizer and contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Practitioners need to obtain a reliable estimation of the biobased fertilizers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 N value. This study compared the estimates for pig slurry (PS) and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) using laboratory incubation and plant-growing experiments. A no-N treatment was used as control and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as synthetic mineral fertilizer. After 100 days of incubation, the addition of PS and LFD resulted in a net N mineralization rate of 10.6 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3% and 20.6 \uffc2\uffb1 0.4% of the total applied N, respectively. The addition of CAN showed no significant net mineralization or immobilization (net N release 96 \uffc2\uffb1 6%). In the pot experiment under vegetation, all fertilized treatments caused N immobilization with a negative net N mineralization rate of \uffe2\uff88\uff9251 \uffc2\uffb1 11%, \uffe2\uff88\uff929 \uffc2\uffb1 4%, and \uffe2\uff88\uff9227 \uffc2\uffb1 10% of the total applied N in CAN, PS, and LFD treatments, respectively. Compared to the pot experiment, the laboratory incubation without vegetation may have overestimated the N value of biobased fertilizers. Vegetation resulted in a lower estimation of available N from fertilizers, probably due to intensified competition with soil microbes or increased N loss via denitrification.
", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "MICROBIAL TURNOVER", "REPLACEMENT VALUE", "Agriculture (General)", "ORGANIC-NITROGEN", "SOIL PROPERTIES", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "incubation", "maize", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "ROOT", "CROP YIELD", "digestate", "immobilization", "N MINERALIZATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY", "PIG SLURRY", "MAIZE", "N dynamics"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/870/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/9/870/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090870"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11090870", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11090870"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3r2280gp2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:21:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-11-21", "title": "Herbivory and allelopathy contribute jointly to the diversity-invasibility relationship", "description": "unspecifiedTreatments In the herbivory-reduction treatment, we sprayed the plots with an insecticide. To avoid that the insecticide spray would drift into plots of the non-insecticide treatment, we randomly assigned the four blocks, each with 47 plots, to one of the four experimental treatments (i.e. herbivory reduction, allelopathy reduction, herbivory and allelopathy reduction, no herbivory and allelopathy reduction). Within each block, the monocultures and species mixtures of the native plants as well as the three monocultures of S. canadensis were randomly assigned to different plots. In the blocks with herbivory reduction, we sprayed each plot every 10 days with a 0.5-L solution of Abamectin (1:500, v:v; Hongke Biochemical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province in China), which is a broad-spectrum insecticide. The other plots were sprayed with tap water instead, and the plants in those plots were considered to be fully exposed to herbivory. In the blocks with allelopathy reduction, we had, prior to planting, mixed 8 L (~4 kg) of activated carbon (HG/T 3491-1999, Wuxi Yatai United Chemical Co., Ltd) into the top 20 cm of soil in each plot, resulting in a concentration of 1: 100 (v:v). Activated carbon can adsorb chemicals, including allelopathic substances produced by plants, and thereby supposedly neutralizes or reduces allelopathic interactions (Inderjit and Callaway, 2003; Prati & Bossdorf, 2004; Ridenour & Callaway, 2001; Yuan et al., 2022). However, as activated carbon may have undesired side-effects on plant growth (Lau et al., 2008; Kabouw et al., 2010; Wei\u00dfhuhn & Prati, 2009; Wurst et al., 2010), we tested for side effects in the additional S. canadensis monoculture plots. We found no significant effect of activated carbon on biomass production of S. canadensis (Appendix S1: Fig. S1), which suggests that side effects of activated carbon were absent or minimal in our study. Therefore, plots without activated carbon were considered to have the full strength of allelopathic interactions among the plants. Measurements To quantify the likelihood of resource competition in each plot, we measured light interception by the canopy and soil nutrient contents. Light interception in each plot was measured twice on cloud-free days (September 25\u201328, 2018 and September 21\u201324, 2019). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured at three randomly selected points within the central 1.6 m \u00d7 1.6 m area of each plot using a PAR ceptometer (GLZ-C, Zhejiang Top Instrument Co., Ltd, China). This was done at mid-day (between 11:00 and 14:00), when the solar angle was maximal. Light-interception proportion was calculated as (PAR above the canopy - PAR at ground level)/PAR above the canopy. To determine nutrient contents, we took three soil cores (6.4 cm in diameter and 20 cm in depth) from the central 1.6 m \u00d7 1.6 m area of each plot, and thoroughly mixed the three cores to obtain one composite sample per plot. This was done on the days that we took the light measurments. Samples were air-dried for two weeks and then sieved through a 2-mm mesh. After that, 20 g of each soil sample was ground into powder and used to measure soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents with an autoanalyzer (Autoanalyzer 3, BRAN+LUEBBE, Germany). We also determined the total organic carbon content using the method of Nelson and Sommers (1982). Before biomass harvest in 2018 and 2019 years, in each plot of herbivory and allelopathy and that of herbivory and allelopathy reduction treatment, 30 leaves (10 leaves was randomly selected in each of upper, middle and lower layers of canopy) of each species living in each plot were surveyed for damage by herbivores. If the total number of leaves of a species was less than 30, and the leaves were all surveyed. We counted the number of leaves with herbivore damage (e.g. holes). We then quantified the herbivory ratio as the number of leaves with herbivory damage divided by 30. In addition, we calculated for the damaged leaves on each plant species a herbivory intensity (an herbivory-severity index) as the average proportion of leaf area lost due to herbivory. To measure foliar flavonoid content of native speies and S. canadensis, five plots that having the species (if the species have died and another plot was reselected) were randomly selected in each of four treatments. Leaf samples (5-10 number) of the species were randomly gathered in each of five plots. The method of Shen et al. (2005) was used to measure the foliar flavonoid content. To determine the biomass production of plants, and whether this changed over time, we did two harvests. The first one was done in October 2018, one year after the invaders had been planted, and the second one was done in October 2019. At the first harvest, we collected aboveground biomass of all living plants in one half (1 m \u00d7 2 m) of each plot, and at the second harvest, we did this for the remaining halves. At both harvests, the plants were sorted to species, dried at 80\u00b0C for 48 h and weighed.", "keywords": ["FOS: Biological sciences", "Solidago canadensis L", "allelopathy", "Biomass", "nutrient availability", "Herbivory", "species richness", "light interception", "invasibility"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Xiao-Yan, Wang, Jiang, Gao, Song, Hong, Hefang, Xue, Wei, Yuan, Jiwei, van Kleunen, Mark, Li, Junmin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3r2280gp2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3r2280gp2", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3r2280gp2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3r2280gp2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:76924", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-07", "title": "Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect", "description": "AbstractSoil carbon losses to the atmosphere, via soil heterotrophic respiration, are expected to increase in response to global warming, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback. Despite the well-known suite of abiotic and biotic factors controlling soil respiration, much less is known about how the magnitude of soil respiration responses to temperature changes over soil development and across contrasting soil properties. Here, we investigated the role of soil development stage and soil properties in driving the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to increasing temperatures. We incubated soils from eight chronosequences ranging in soil age from hundreds to million years, and encompassing a wide range of vegetation types, climatic conditions, and chronosequences origins, at three assay temperatures (5, 15 and 25\uffc2\uffb0C). We found a consistent positive effect of assay temperature on soil respiration rates across the eight chronosequences evaluated. However, soil properties such as organic carbon concentration, texture, pH, phosphorus content, and microbial biomass determined the magnitude of temperature effects on soil respiration. Finally, we observed a positive effect of soil development stage on soil respiration that did not alter the magnitude of assay temperature effects. Our work reveals that key soil properties alter the magnitude of the positive effect of temperature on soil respiration found across ecosystem types and soil development stages. This information is essential to better understand the magnitude of the carbon-climate feedback, and thus to establish accurate greenhouse gas emission targets.