High\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) simulations of heavy rainfall events are known to be strongly sensitive to the choice of the sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90grid scale parameterisation schemes. In the African continent, studies on such a choice at the convective\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolving scales are not numerous. By exploiting a state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art NWP model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the sensitivity of the simulation of three heavy rainfall events in Sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Saharan Africa to the microphysical (MP) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes is studied. Validating the numerical outputs against rainfall satellite estimates, ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90based weather stations, radiosonde profiles and satellite\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived cloud\uffe2\uff80\uff90top temperature maps with an object\uffe2\uff80\uff90based tool, the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing setup is identified. In terms of heavy rainfall forecast location, it is found that the PBL scheme has a greater impact than the MP, which is shown to control the cloud\uffe2\uff80\uff90top temperature simulation. Among the schemes considered, the best performances are achieved with a six\uffe2\uff80\uff90class single\uffe2\uff80\uff90moment microphysical scheme and a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90local planetary boundary layer scheme which properly includes the vertical mixing by the large eddies in the atmosphere.
", "keywords": ["NWP model", "13. Climate action", "Africa", "WRF", "Africa; heavy rainfall; microphysics; MODE; NWP model; planetary boundary layer; WRF;", "heavy rainfall", "microphysics", "MODE", "01 natural sciences", "planetary boundary layer", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1206957/1/Quart%20J%20Royal%20Meteoro%20Soc%20-%202021%20-%20Meroni%20-%20Sensitivity%20of%20some%20African%20heavy%20rainfall%20events%20to%20microphysics%20and%20planetary.pdf"}, {"href": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.4033"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Quarterly%20Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/qj.4033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/qj.4033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/qj.4033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7050407", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:54Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Coherent catalogue with a selection of most promising NSWRM including results from MARG exchanges. Deliverable D2.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.", "description": "Deliverable report D2.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) To gather and organise the knowledge collected and created by OPTAIN on NSWRM, the Work Package 2 developed a catalogue of NSWRM. It presents each NSWRM considered in the project and contains all the associated information. The objective of D2.1 is to make qualitative and quantitative information on each specific measure available to various stakeholder groups, like all end users and NSWRM implementers. It enables to allow them to select, design and implement one or more NSWRM on their farm (or territory), or extract specific data and information they need for supporting the development and promotion of NSWRM use. Summary During the first reporting period of the H2020 project OPTAIN, the task 2.1 partners focused on framing the concept of Natural Small Water Retention Measures (NSWRM) and on identifying and documenting existing and underutilised NSWRM in all 14 case studies (CS) of the project. Therefore, a systematic approach was developed involving all relevant stakeholder groups in Multi Actor Reference Groups (MARG), comprising the following steps: identification of existing or potentially suitable measures, prioritisation of measures with a high potential in the local context of the different case studies, selection of a set of 3 to 7 measures per case study, which are relevant for the case studies and the OPTAIN project. Once the NSWRM have been selected, all case study implementers started to collect data on their individual measures and to document them by using the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) questionnaire on Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Technologies, thus generating a standardised factsheet of each measure. All entered data on the WOCAT SLM database will then be linked to the Natural Water Retention Measure (NWRM) platform. The OPTAIN catalogue will be accessible from both websites as well as through the project\u2019s own \u201cLearning Environment\u201d which will include a section dedicated to OPTAINs catalogue of NSWRM. Overall, the prioritization in the 14 case studies resulted in 66 selected NSWRM. The case study teams started documenting these selected NSWRM with the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) Technology questionnaire, including description and classification, technical specification, implementation inputs and costs, natural and human environment, as well as ecological, socio-economic and socio-cultural impacts. To help in this process, a two-day virtual WOCAT training for all case study teams was organised and conducted by the task 2.1 team. In parallel, the task 2.1 partners conducted an analysis of the commonalities and differences between both WOCAT and NWRM.eu databases to provide an integrated view. The result of this analysis was d that there are only a few differences and a smooth integration could be possible. All entered data on the WOCAT global SLM database (https://qcat.wocat.net) will thus be linked to the NWRM platform (http://nwrm.eu/).", "keywords": ["NSWRM", "11. Sustainability", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "WOCAT", "15. Life on land", "NWRM", "12. Responsible consumption", "water retention", "sustainable land management", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lemann, Tatenda, Fribourg-Blanc, Beno\u00eet, Magnier, Julie, Eichenberger, Joana,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7050407"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7050407", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7050407", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7050407"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Root Distribution In Developing Stands Of Four Woody Crop Species Grown With Drip Irrigation And Fertilization", "description": "In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots ( 5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum\u2019s root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Crops", "Distribution", "Forests", "Functional Groups", "01 natural sciences", "Cottonwoods", "Biomass", "Trees Functional Groups", "Fertilizers", "Functionals", "Irrigation", "Respiration", "Sycamores", "Nutrients", "Root Length Density Soil Heterogeneity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vertical Root Distribution", "Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Spatial Distribution", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stand Development", "Pines", "Plastics", "Woody Crops"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Coleman, Mark", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-04", "title": "Variability and accuracy of Zenith Total Delay over the East African tropical region", "description": "The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can be used to derive accurately the Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) under all-weather conditions. The derived ZTDs play a vital role in climate studies, weather forecasting and are operationally assimilated into numerical weather prediction models. In this study, variations and statistical analysis of GNSS-derived ZTD over the East African tropical region are analysed. The data is collected from 13 geodetic permanent stations for the period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The 13 stations consist of 5 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations plus 8 stations as follows: 4 Africa Array stations and 4 Malawi Rifting stations from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda. The ZTD time series were processed using goGPS software version 1.0 beta1, a MATLAB based GNSS processing software, originally developed for kinematic applications but recently re-engineered for quasi static applications. The annual variation of the ZTD time series was investigated using Lomb Scargle periodograms. The semi-annual frequency has the dominant power in subregion 1 (latitudes 4 \u00b0S and 4 \u00b0N) and the annual frequency has the dominant power in subregion 2 (latitudes 12 \u00b0S to 4 \u00b0S). The highest ZTD estimates occur during the rainy seasons, at all stations, and the lowest estimates occur during the dry seasons. The results also show that the ZTD estimates are largest at stations located at low elevation (regions close to the Indian Ocean). The derived ZTDs are compared to the values derived from the GIPSY-OASIS via Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) online Automatic Precise Positioning Service (APPS) and the Unified Environmental Modelling System (UEMS) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The comparison of goGPS and APPS ZTD at the 13 stations shows an overall average bias, Root Mean Square (RMS) and standard deviation (stdev) of \u22120.9 mm, 3.2 mm and 3.0 mm respectively, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.974 to 0.999. The comparison of goGPS ZTD against UEMS NWP ZTD at 8 selected stations shows average bias, RMS and stdev of \u221212.4 mm, 22.0 mm and 17.6 mm respectively, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.802 to 0.974. The agreement between the GPS ZTD and the NWP ZTD indicates that goGPS ZTD can be assimilated into NWP models in the East African region.", "keywords": ["GNSS", "goGPS", "Zenith tropospheric delay", "13. Climate action", "UEMS-NWP", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "Precise point positioning", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Space%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-13", "title": "Performance of ERA5 data in retrieving Precipitable Water Vapour over East African tropical region", "description": "Abstract The accuracy of surface meteorological measurements is vital to derive accurate Global Positioning System (GPS) Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) data. However, in absence of surface meteorological data, data from Numerical Weather Prediction Models (NWP) are used. The accuracy of these models varies depending on the model, region, season and other climatic conditions. In this study, GPS data for derivation of PWV is collected from 13 geodetic permanent stations for the years 2013 to 2016. Five out of 13 GPS stations are equipped with meteorological sensors. The interpolated European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 5th Re-Analysis (ERA5) dataset at these locations is first validated using the meteorological data from these sensors. The assessment shows that the average root mean square errors (RMSE) of surface pressure and temperature values are about 0.72\u00a0hPa and 1.04\u00a0K respectively. PWV determined also requires information on the weighted mean temperature ( T m ); the T m at the 13 GPS stations was also evaluated using three methods: the temperature and humidity profiles from ERA5 (ERA5 T m ), as well as the T m derived from Bevis and Yao T m - T s relationships. The T m derived from ERA5 was used as a reference to assess the errors of the Bevis and Yao T m . The comparisons show that the average RMSE values of T m derived from the two methods are 2.05\u00a0K and 2.02\u00a0K respectively. The GPS PWVs calculated using the ERA5 interpolated data (GPS ERA5 PWV) were compared to GPS PWV calculated using the sensor meteorological data (GPS MET PWV) at the 5 stations. The GPS ERA5 PWV values were used as the reference. The RMSE values of the two PWV datasets are in the range of 0.19\u00a0mm to 0.90\u00a0mm with overall average value of 0.44\u00a0mm. Also the computed ERA5 PWV data are compared to GPS ERA5 PWV at the 13 stations. ERA5 PWV values were used as the reference and the RMS errors of the two PWV values are in the range 1.35\u00a0mm to 2.25\u00a0mm with the overall average value of 1.66\u00a0mm. Regarding the seasonal variations, the stations between latitudes 4 \u00b0 S and 4 \u00b0 N and latitudes 12 \u00b0 S to 4 \u00b0 S have the highest PWV values in spring and summer while the lowest values occur in summer and winter respectively.", "keywords": ["PWV", "GNSS", "13. Climate action", "0207 environmental engineering", "ERA5", "NWP", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "333", "ECMWF", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Space%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-13", "title": "Soil Carbon, After 3 Years, Under Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown Under Varying Nutrient And Water Availability", "description": "Soil carbon contents were measured on a short-rotation woody crop study located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site outside Aiken, SC. This study included fertilization and irrigation treatments on five tree genotypes (sweetgum, loblolly pine, sycamore and two eastern cottonwood clones). Prior to study installation, the previous pine stand was harvested and the remaining slash and stumps were pulverized and incorporated 30 cm into the soil. One year after harvest soil carbon levels were consistent with pre-harvest levels but dropped in the third year below pre-harvest levels. Tillage increased soil carbon contents, after three years, as compared with adjacent plots that were not part of the study but where harvested, but not tilled, at the same time. When the soil response to the individual treatments for each genotype was examined, one cottonwood clone (ST66), when irrigated and fertilized, had higher total soil carbon and mineral associated carbon in the upper 30 cm compared with the other tree genotypes. This suggests that root development in ST66 may have been stimulated by the irrigation plus fertilization treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Genotype", "Sycamores", "Soil Carbon", "Crops", "Availability", "Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "Nutrients", "Water Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Cottonwoods", "Trees", "Stabilized Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pines", "Irrigation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-09", "title": "Observed And Modelled Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Changes After Planting A Pinus Radiata Stand Onto Former Pasture", "description": "Abstract After reforesting pasture land, it is often observed that soil carbon stocks decrease. The present work reports findings from a site near Canberra, Australia, where a pine forest (Pinus radiata) was planted onto a former unimproved pasture site. We report a number of detailed observations seeking to understand the basis of the decline in soil C stocks. This is supported by simulations using the whole-ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling model CenW 3.1. The model indicated that over the first 18 years after forest establishment, the site lost about 5.5\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 588\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the soil. The C:N ratio of soil organic matter did not change in a systematic manner over the observational period. Carbon and nitrogen stocks contained in the biomass of the 18-year old pine stand exceeded that of the pasture by 88\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 393\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121. An additional 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and 110\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 accumulated in above-ground litter. These changes, together with the vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in the soil, agreed well with the observation at the site. It was assumed that over 18 years, there was also a loss of 86\u00a0kgN\u00a0ha\u22121 from the ecosystem because of normal gaseous losses during nitrogen turn-over and a small amount of nitrogen leaching. Those losses could not be replenished in the pine system without symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation, and there were no fertiliser additions. A simple mass balance approach indicated that the amount of nitrogen accumulating in plant biomass and the litter layer plus the assumed nitrogen loss from the site matched the amount of nitrogen lost from the soil organic nitrogen pool. This reduction in soil nitrogen, together with an unchanged C:N ratio, provided a simple and internally consistent explanation for the observed reduction of soil carbon after reforestation. It supports the general notion that trends in soil carbon upon land-use change can often be controlled by the possible fates of available soil nitrogen.", "keywords": ["550", "Nitrogen", "CenW", "Reforesting pasture lands", "910", "Carbon inorganic compounds", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystems", "Nitrogen compounds", "C:N ratio", "Nitrogen fixation", "Pasture", "Biomass", "Reforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Keywords: Biological materials", "Pinus radiata", "Nitrogen cycling models", "modeling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Soil carbon", "Pine", "coniferous tree", "Pine forest", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Model"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger M. Gifford, LanBin Guo, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/5/Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_carbon.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/61078/7/01_Kirschbaum_Observed_and_modelled_soil_2008.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr10004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Influence Of Biochars On Flux Of N2o And Co2from Ferrosol", "description": "Biochars produced by slow pyrolysis of greenwaste (GW), poultry litter (PL), papermill waste (PS), and biosolids (BS) were shown to reduce N2O emissions from an acidic Ferrosol. Similar reductions were observed for the untreated GW feedstock. Soil was amended with biochar or feedstock giving application rates of 1 and 5%. Following an initial incubation, nitrogen (N) was added at 165\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg/ha as urea. Microcosms were again incubated before being brought to 100% water-filled porosity and held at this water content for a further 47 days. The flooding phase accounted for the majority (<80%) of total N2O emissions. The control soil released 3165\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg N2O-N/m2, or 15.1% of the available N as N2O. Amendment with 1 and 5% GW feedstock significantly reduced emissions to 1470 and 636\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg N2O-N/m2, respectively. This was equivalent to 8.6 and 3.8% of applied N. The GW biochar produced at 350\uffc2\uffb0C was least effective in reducing emissions, resulting in 1625 and 1705\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg N2O-N/m2 for 1 and 5% amendments. Amendment with BS biochar at 5% had the greatest impact, reducing emissions to 518\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg N2O-N/m2, or 2.2% of the applied N over the incubation period. Metabolic activity as measured by CO2 production could not explain the differences in N2O emissions between controls and amendments, nor could NH4+ or NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 concentrations in biochar-amended soils. A decrease in NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 following GW feedstock application is likely to have been responsible for reducing N2O emissions from this amendment. Reduction in N2O emissions from the biochar-amended soils was attributed to increased adsorption of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93. Small reductions are possible due to improved aeration and porosity leading to lower levels of denitrification and N2O emissions. Alternatively, increased pH was observed, which can drive denitrification through to dinitrogen during soil flooding.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "biosolids", "mechanism", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "slow pyrolysis", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "soil properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "poultry litter", "papermill", "greenwaste"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr10004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr10004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr10004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr10004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/ismeco/ycae116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-08", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for soil carbon cycling", "description": "AbstractThe soil microbiome determines the fate of plant-fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by land use change leads to modifications in microbiome function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated using metaproteomics, metabarcoding, and a 13C-labeled litter decomposition experiment across two temperate sites with differing soil pH each with a paired land use intensity contrast. 13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low-pH soil but decreased in high-pH soil, with potential impact on carbon use efficiency in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. We observed divergent pH-controlled pathways of SOC cycling. In low-pH soil, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased biomass production but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high-pH soil, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases biomass production, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilization. We demonstrate how microbial biomass production and respiration dynamics and therefore carbon use efficiency can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.Deliverable report D1.2 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) Summary Work package 1 (WP1) of the OPTAIN project coordinates and harmonizes stakeholder activities and ensures the link between the 14 OPTAIN case studies, research and modelling work across all WPs. At the start of the OPTAIN project, WP1 facilitates the establishment of multi-actor reference groups (MARG) in each case study and provides communication techniques to encourage active stakeholder engagement for the lifetime of OPTAIN. To facilitate the establishment of a MARG per case study, WP1 has organized two digital workshops of 3.5-hour duration, because COVID-19 restrictions didn\u2019t allow for a physical meeting. These workshops took place in December 2020. The purpose of the workshops was to inform case study leaders how to establish and nurture MARG for constructive engagement in water \u2013 agriculture - environmental conflict related issues. Stakeholder engagement is important because a sound scientific solution not necessarily results in solving a real-world problem. Key lesson learned is that engagement of stakeholders is essential during all phases of the project: the phase of the identification of the problem, assessment of the problem, scenarios to solve the problem and in the phase of implementing the solution. Engaging stakeholders and establishment of MARGs can be brought down in four steps, 1. preparation, 2. make contact & invite to meeting; 3. organize MARG kick-off and 4. confirmation from members (GDPR). Finally, different types of case study context across the 14 case studies ask for a flexible and pragmatic approach in establishing the MARGs. A strict set up for how to establish a MARG cannot take into account the varying situations with regard to norms and practice of engagement already existing in the different case studies across the European countries in the project. In some case studies relations with core stakeholder groups are already present, or engagement platforms may already exist, in other case studies the situation may be entirely different. It was an aim for the workshops to present important issues to be considered when organizing a MARG, explain the theory, and suggest how to approach these issues in practice. Enabling meaningful engagement is facilitated by some knowledge of stakeholders. Meaningful and successful stakeholder involvement are influenced by issues as: power balance, equity, trust, adaptivity, shared goals, available resources, decision space as these issues are likely to impact positively or negatively stakeholders\u2019 willingness to contribute, share their experiences. Continuity of stakeholders is important for building relationships and trust (takes time). \u00abTrust\u00bb is identified as an overall cross cutting dimension being fundamental for successful engagement processes.", "keywords": ["multi-actor approach", "Multi-Actor Reference Group (MARG)", "13. Climate action", "NSWRM", "stakeholder engagement", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "NWRM", "water retention", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Van den Brink, Cors, De Vries, Alma, Nesheim, Ingrid,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7038419"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7038419", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7038419", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7038419"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7034867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:20:54Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Stakeholder mapping report, covering the case studies. Deliverable D1.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 project OPTAIN.", "description": "Deliverable report D1.1 of the EU Horizon 2020 Project OPTAIN (Grant agreement No. 862756) Summary: The lead of the first Work Package (WP1) in OPTAIN coordinates and harmonizes stakeholder activities and ensures the link between the 14 OPTAIN case studies, research and modelling work across all WPs. At the start of the OPTAIN project, WP1 facilitates the establishment of Multi-Actor Reference Groups (MARG) in each case study and provides communication techniques to encourage active stakeholder engagement for the lifetime of OPTAIN. Stakeholder engagement is important because a sound scientific solution not necessarily results in solving a real-world problem. Key lesson learned is that engagement of stakeholders is essential during all phases of the project: the phase of the identification of the problem, assessment of the problem, scenarios to solve the problem and in the phase of implementing the solution. The purpose of the stakeholder mapping activity is to identify possible and relevant stakeholders for the reference group, the MARG. Applying a top-down approach, the different case study leaders have been responsible for identifying stakeholders and to categorise them according to pre-defined categories. The pre-defined categories were used as a framework to enable a comparative analytical approach of the case studies, as presented in this report. The various stakeholders may or may not be contacted as part of the mapping exercise. More relevant stakeholders are likely to 'appear' during the project period. Then, the concerning stakeholder information should be added to this table for project record. The need for case study leaders (CSL) to consider the intended engagement role for stakeholders in the project research cycle was emphasized when identifying and prioritising stakeholders for involvement. It is expected that the number of stakeholders involved in each case study will increase during the project period and that the current stakeholders identified for participation in the MARGs may change. This stakeholder mapping report is prepared prior to the actual engagement activities in the project.", "keywords": ["multi-actor approach", "Multi-Actor Reference Group (MARG)", "NSWRM", "stakeholder engagement", "water", "H2020", "OPTAIN", "retention measure", "stakeholder mapping", "case studies", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "NWRM", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Van den Brink, Cors, De Vries, Alma, Nesheim, Ingrid, Enge, Caroline,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034867"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7034867", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7034867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7034867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1035049d-8795-4062-baab-f39deacaddc5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-02-26T00:00:00", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "Moorb\u00f6den Kreis Kleve", "description": "Der Layer \"Moorb\u00f6den Kreis Kleve\" beinhaltet Moorb\u00f6den f\u00fcr den Kreis Kleve. Die Daten stammen aus den Alkis Bodensch\u00e4tzungsfl\u00e4chen und wurden folgenderma\u00dfen nach Moorb\u00f6den unterteilt. - 5000 Moor (Mo) - 6110 Sand mit Moor (SMo) - 6120 Lehmiger Sand mit Moor (lSMo) - 6130 Lehm mit Moor (LMo) - 6140 Ton mit Moor (TMo) - 6210 Moor mit Sand (MoS) - 6240 Moor mit Ton (MoT) - 8110 Sand auf Moor (S/Mo) - 8120 Lehmiger Sand auf Moor (lS/Mo) - 8130 Lehm auf Moor (L/Mo) - 8140 Ton auf Moor (T/Mo) - 8210 Moor auf Sand (Mo/S) - 8220 Moor auf lehmigem Sand (Mo/lS) - 8240 Moor auf Ton (Mo/T) Bodensch\u00e4tzungsergebnisse im Liegenschaftskataster gef\u00fchrt. Der Dienst ist tagesaktuell.", "formats": [{"name": "GML"}], "keywords": ["alkis", "bedburg-hau", "boden", "bodenart", "bodenscha\u0308tzung", "de", "emmerich", "emmerich-am-rhein", "geldern", "goch", "issum", "kalkar", "kataster", "kerken", "kevelaer", "kleve", "kranenburg", "kreis-kleve", "liegenschaftskataster", "moorboden", "moorbo\u0308den", "nordrhein-westfalen", "nrw", "nw", "opendata", "rees", "rheurdt", "scha\u0308tzung", "straelen", "uedem", "wachtendonk", "wallfahrtsstadt-kevelaer", "weeze"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kreis Kleve - Abt. Kataster- und Vermessung - Produktbereich GeoInformation (GIS)", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoservices.krzn.de/security-proxy/services/wfs_kkle_bodenschaetzung"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/1035049d-8795-4062-baab-f39deacaddc5"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1035049d-8795-4062-baab-f39deacaddc5", "name": "item", "description": "1035049d-8795-4062-baab-f39deacaddc5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1035049d-8795-4062-baab-f39deacaddc5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "103f081c-cd35-4e15-a508-7df47ed4483d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:46Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "City of Gelsenkirchen: Environmental Issues (WFS)", "description": "The \u201cEnvironmental Issues\u201d service provides data on the following topics: Synthetic climate function map, climate bonuses, city climate planning information, night temperature distribution, noise mapping road traffic, noise mapping industry and commerce as well as the urban heat islands. The service is supplemented with spatial data on the topics of water and groundwater", "formats": [{"name": "WFS_SRVC"}], "keywords": ["ags", "ausgleichsraum", "baum", "baumbestand", "ba\u0308ume", "bergbau", "boden", "de", "grundwasser", "immissionsindex", "industrie-und-gewerbe", "innenstadt", "inversionsgefahr", "isoanomalenkarte", "isophonen", "kaltluftflu\u0308sse", "kaltluftsammelgebiete", "klimabonita\u0308t", "klimabonnita\u0308ten", "klimaindikator", "klimaqualita\u0308t", "klimatope", "lastraum", "la\u0308rm", "la\u0308rmbelastung", "la\u0308rmkartierung", "la\u0308rmkartierung-industrie-und-gewerbe-sowie-die-sta\u0308dtischen-hitzeinseln", "la\u0308rmkartierung-stra\u00dfenverkehr", "luftleitbahn", "lufttemperatur", "lufttemperaturverteilung", "natur-und-umwelt", "na\u0308chtliche-temperaturverteilung", "ogcdienst", "opendata", "planungshinweise", "scha\u0308chte", "schutzwu\u0308rdige-bo\u0308den", "stadt-gelsenkirchen", "stadtklima", "stadtklimatische-planungshinweise", "sta\u0308dtische-hitzeinsel", "stra\u00dfenverkehr", "synthetische-klimafunktionskarte", "ungunstraum", "verdichtete-bebauung", "wasser", "wa\u0308rmeinsel", "wms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Herr Amberge, P.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gdi.gelsenkirchen.de/wss/service/WFSUmwelt/guest?"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/103f081c-cd35-4e15-a508-7df47ed4483d"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "103f081c-cd35-4e15-a508-7df47ed4483d", "name": "item", "description": "103f081c-cd35-4e15-a508-7df47ed4483d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/103f081c-cd35-4e15-a508-7df47ed4483d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10b60625-60c1-4d12-a17b-11b6010742a2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-09-02T10:14:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "OAF Bodenwasserverh\u00e4ltnisse BB (OAF-BOWASSVERH)", "description": "Der Downloaddienst (OAF) Bodenwasserverh\u00e4ltnisse Brandenburg stellt Daten zu Kennwerten der Wasserbewegung, Wasserbindung, Vern\u00e4ssungsverh\u00e4ltnisse sowie Retentionsfl\u00e4chen \u00dcberschwemmung f\u00fcr das Land Brandenburg bereit. Die Inhalte wurden f\u00fcr den Ma\u00dfstab 1 : 300.000 erstellt und sind f\u00fcr Darstellungen in Ma\u00dfst\u00e4ben gr\u00f6\u00dfer 1 : 100.000 nicht geeignet. Wasserbewegung und Wasserbindung: Der Dienst basiert auf den Legendeneinheiten der Boden\u00fcbersichtskarte mit entsprechender Zuordnung von parametrisierten Fl\u00e4chenbodenformen. Diese stellen je Legendeneinheit eine Bodenformengesellschaft dar. Die einzelnen (Fl\u00e4chen-)Bodenformen wurden mit Parametern belegt, die durch Gel\u00e4nde- und Laboruntersuchungen bestimmt wurden. Dazu wurden f\u00fcr gleiche Horizont-Substrat-Kombinationen die entsprechenden Parameter statistisch abgeleitet (i.d.R. der Medianwert). Bei unzureichender Datenlage wurden wegen der besseren \u00dcbereinstimmung der abgeleiteten Werte mit gemessenen Daten aus den Kennwerttabellen der Bodenkundlichen Kartieranleitung, 3. Auflage, Hannover 1982 (AG Bodenkunde) zur Wasserbindung die Tab. 43 unter Verwendung der Verkn\u00fcpfungsregel 1.11 (Methodendokumentation Bodenkunde, Hennings et al 2000) und zur Wasserbewegung die Tab. 49 unter Verwendung der Verkn\u00fcpfungsregel 1.12 (dito) verwendet. Vern\u00e4ssungsverh\u00e4ltnisse: Der Dienst basiert auf den Legendeneinheiten der Boden\u00fcbersichtskarte. Diese stellen Bodenformengesellschaften dar. Die aufgez\u00e4hlten (Fl\u00e4chen-)Bodenformen wurden nach ihrer Aussage zu Bodenwasserverh\u00e4ltnissen bewertet. Dies erfolgte vorrangig anhand der beteiligten bodensystematischen Einheiten. Diese Einheiten lieferten die Aussage zum Grad der Vern\u00e4ssung und die Fl\u00e4chenanteile zur Verbreitung. Bei Grundwasserb\u00f6den richtet sich der Grad der Vern\u00e4ssung nach der Tiefenlage des Grundwasserspiegels im Bodenbereich bis maximal 2 m unter Flur und bei Stauwasserb\u00f6den nach der Intensit\u00e4t bzw. Dauer des im Boden nach Niederschl\u00e4gen vorhandenen und an der Versickerung gehinderten Sickerwassers. Retentionsfl\u00e4chen: Der Datensatz beinhaltet Daten des LBGR \u00fcber die Retentionsfl\u00e4chen \u00dcberschwemmung Brandenburg und wird \u00fcber je einen Darstellungs- und Downloaddienst bereitgestellt. Die Hochwasserereignisse der letzten Jahre an Oder und Elbe, von denen auch das Land Brandenburg betroffen war, zeigten, dass der zeitliche Ablauf der Hochw\u00e4sserwelle im Vergleich zu fr\u00fcheren Ereignissen deutlich verk\u00fcrzt war, was eine h\u00f6here Amplitude, d.h. h\u00f6here Wasserst\u00e4nde zur Folge hatte. Eine der Hauptursachen hierf\u00fcr ist in einem drastischen R\u00fcckgang der nat\u00fcrlichen Retentionsr\u00e4ume, hervorgerufen durch eine verst\u00e4rkte oberfl\u00e4chennahe Wasserabf\u00fchrung in den Einzugsgebieten und durch die Verringerung der nat\u00fcrlichen flussnahen \u00dcberschwemmungsgebiete zu sehen. Unter Retention im hydrologischen Sinne versteht man die Verringerung, die Hemmung oder die Verz\u00f6gerung des Abflussgeschehens. Diese Prozesse k\u00f6nnen sich in den Flie\u00dfgew\u00e4ssern und ihren \u00dcberschwemmungsgebieten direkt auf die Hochwasserwelle auswirken (Gew\u00e4sserretention) oder auch die Entstehung einer Hochwasserwelle im Einzugsgebiet steuern (Gebietsretention). Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Erhalt und zur Erweiterung von Retentionsr\u00e4umen am Fluss selbst bilden die wirksamste Methode, den Wasserstand bei Hochwasserabfluss in einem Gew\u00e4sser abzumildern, da die Hochwasserwelle w\u00e4hrend ihres Laufes im Flussbett und in der Aue durch verschiedene R\u00fcckhaltemechanismen verformt wird (B\u00f6hm et al. 1999). Dem technischen Hochwasserschutz (Deiche, R\u00fcckhaltebecken, Talsperren) sind dabei Grenzen gesetzt, da R\u00fcckhaltebecken nicht beliebig gro\u00df und Deiche nicht immer h\u00f6her gebaut werden k\u00f6nnen. (Landesumweltamt 2003). Die Gebietsretention dagegen zielt darauf ab, die Abflusswelle dadurch zu verkleinern, dass das Wasser m\u00f6glichst am Ort des Niederschlags am Abfluss gehindert bzw. der Abfluss verz\u00f6gert wird (B\u00f6hm et al. 1999). Ein Ziel der Hochwasservorsorge muss daher sein, abflusserh\u00f6hende und abflussbeschleunigende Ma\u00dfnahmen zu verhindern und bereits eingetretene negative Effekte weitestgehend r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig zu machen oder zumindest abzumildern. Hierzu bedarf es der Kenntnis \u00fcber geeignete potenzielle Retentionsfl\u00e4chen. OGC API-Features ist eine Web-API zur vereinfachten Nutzung der Daten in entsprechenden Web-Entwicklungsumgebungen. Die API beinhaltet die folgenden Collections: - Wasserbewegung - Wasserbindung - Retentionsfl\u00e4chen \u00dcberschwemmung - Vern\u00e4ssungsverh\u00e4ltnisse.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["bboxbebb", "boden", "bodenformengesellschaften", "bodenkunde", "bodenschutz", "bodenu\u0308bersichtskarte", "bodenwasserverha\u0308ltnisse", "de", "geologie", "oaf", "ogc-api-features", "opendata", "retentionsfla\u0308chen", "sgd_boden", "verna\u0308ssungsverha\u0308ltnisse", "wasserbewegung", "wasserbindung"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Landesamt f\u00fcr Bergbau, Geologie und Rohstoffe Brandenburg (LBGR)", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ogc-api.geobasis-bb.de/datasets/bowassverh"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/10b60625-60c1-4d12-a17b-11b6010742a2~~1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10b60625-60c1-4d12-a17b-11b6010742a2", "name": "item", "description": "10b60625-60c1-4d12-a17b-11b6010742a2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10b60625-60c1-4d12-a17b-11b6010742a2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "107bbcc8-5a2b-499c-85ad-8a4d93ae26cc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-05-08T13:08:31+02:00", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "Bodenrichtwerte NRW", "description": "
Ein Bodenrichtwert ist ein vorwiegend aus Kaufpreisen ermittelter durchschnittlicher Bodenwert je Quadratmeter f\u00fcr ein Gebiet mit im wesentlichen gleichen wertbestimmenden Merkmalen wie z. B. Entwicklungszustand, Art und Ma\u00df der baulichen Nutzung sowie Zuschnitt; er ist bezogen auf ein baureifes Grundst\u00fcck, dessen Eigenschaften f\u00fcr das Gebiet typisch sind (so genanntes Richtwertgrundst\u00fcck). Bodenrichtwerte beziehen sich grunds\u00e4tzlich auf unbebaute Grundst\u00fccke. Der Bodenrichtwert ist kein Verkehrswert. Abweichungen des zu bewertenden Grundst\u00fccks in den wertbestimmenden Eigenschaften wie z. B. Art und Ma\u00df der zul\u00e4ssigen baulichen Nutzung, Bodenbeschaffenheit, Erschlie\u00dfungszustand und Grundst\u00fccksgestaltung bewirken Abweichungen seines Verkehrswertes vom Bodenrichtwert. Die Gutachteraussch\u00fcsse, die in Nordrhein-Westfalen bei den kreisfreien St\u00e4dten, den Kreisen und den gro\u00dfen kreisangeh\u00f6rigen St\u00e4dten eingerichtet worden sind, haben bis zum 15. Februar jedes Jahres Bodenrichtwerte zu ermitteln, die sich auf den 01. Januar des laufenden Jahres beziehen. Sie sollen bis zum 31. M\u00e4rz ver\u00f6ffentlicht werden. Aus allen verf\u00fcgbaren Bodenrichtwerten wird anschlie\u00dfend ein landeseinheitlicher Datensatz gebildet. Neben der Bereitstellung der aktuellen Bodenrichtwerte werden auch die Daten der vorangegangenen Jahre ab dem Jahr 2011 angeboten. Die vom Gutachterausschuss f\u00fcr Grundst\u00fcckswerte in der Stadt Wuppertal ermittelten Bodenrichtwerte sind f\u00fcr alle Jahrg\u00e4nge im jeweiligen landeseinheitlichen Datensatz enthalten. Die Daten der Bodenrichtwerte sind unter einer Open-Data-Lizenz (Datenlizenz Deutschland \u2013 Zero \u2013 Version 2.0) verf\u00fcgbar.
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In the Netherlands about 25 species are known, but most of them are rarely observed. Some species it\u2019s very common. Earthworms are divided into three groups, according to their food choice, behavior and prevention. For example, there are commuters, who make deep vertical corridors and plant residues. bring it to the ground. They increase the content of organic matter, improve the soil fertility and strengthen the moisture-regulating ability. There are also earthworms. they live just below the surface and the species that are deeper into the soil. The first group composts vegetable material and releases a lot of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium. The last group promotes aeration and stimulates microbial activity in the soil. Earthworms are sensitive for contamination and tillage, such as plows and manure injection. Earthworms play because of their behaviour and properties an important role in the structure of the soil. Most of the types of earthworms are found in dairy farming on the clay soils. Earthworms are crucial for: \u2022 nutrient balance \u2022 soil structure \u2022 degradation and storage of organic matter \u2022 storage and delivery of water \u2022 habitat and biodiversity", "keywords": ["bodem", "diversiteit", "nl", "regenworm", "structuur"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://data.rivm.nl/geo/ank/wms?"}, {"href": "https://data.rivm.nl/data/ank/rivm_20180201_g_regenwormabundantie.zip"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/a91d5167-e32a-43e5-8ecd-62d82fb2d112"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1411de99-a268-4ad2-b300-198aad9d2e44", "name": "item", "description": "1411de99-a268-4ad2-b300-198aad9d2e44", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1411de99-a268-4ad2-b300-198aad9d2e44"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-07-16T14:20:23.018569", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "Bodenrichtwerte 1997", "description": "Bodenrichtwerte der Hanse- und Universit\u00e4tsstadt Rostock des Jahres 1997 (Ermittlungsstichtag 31.12.1996)", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["bauleitplanung", "bewertung", "boden", "bodennutzung", "bodenwert", "de", "fla\u0308chennutzung", "gutachten", "moneta\u0308re-bewertung", "planung", "stadtplanung"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hanse- und Universit\u00e4tsstadt Rostock", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://www.opendata-hro.de/organization/b952e781-ab4c-456a-8e7a-2845f7efaf83", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/bodenrichtwerte_1997/bodenrichtwerte_1997.csv"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/bodenrichtwerte_1997/bodenrichtwerte_1997.gml"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/bodenrichtwerte_1997/bodenrichtwerte_1997.json"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/bodenrichtwerte_1997/bodenrichtwerte_1997.kml"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/bodenrichtwerte_1997/bodenrichtwerte_1997.xlsx"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/geodienste/bodenrichtwerte/wfs"}, {"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/geodienste/bodenrichtwerte/wms"}, {"href": "https://www.opendata-hro.de/dataset/15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a", "name": "item", "description": "15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/15c1277f-5b7b-445e-a7c0-a80c714c042a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "1FA71F7D-7341-4870-BCF8-53230806B3BB", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil quality rating for cropland in Germany 1:1,000,000 (WMS)", "description": "WMS service for the soil quality rating for cropland in Germany. The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) was developed by the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). SQR describes the suitability of sites under agricultural land use and helps to estimate the yield potential of sites at a global scale. This method was especially adapted for application with soil maps by the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Resources BGR and is published in the documentation of Ad-hoc-AG Boden (representing the soil experts of the geological services of the German federal states). The map shows the SQR for cropland in Germany based on the landuse stratified soilmap of Germany at scale 1:1,000,000. Climate (DWD), Relief (BKG) and landuse data (CLC2006) are used as input data in addition to the soil map. SQR consists of a series of pedotransfer rules. First, eight basic soil properties are weighted and combined to describe the soil (substrate, rooting depth, etc.). Next, hazard indicators are derived (drought risk, soil depth above solid rock). These indicators are critical for farming and limit the overall soil quality. Only those hazard indicators were selected for SQR which have the greatest effect on potential grain yield. The final SQR-score ranges from about 0 to 102 points.", "formats": [{"name": "WMS_SRVC"}], "keywords": ["bodenwert", "bundesrepublik-deutschland", "de", "ertragspotential", "infofeatureaccessservice", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kruse, Klaus", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://services.bgr.de/wms/boden/sqr1000/?"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/1c23bdc2-c77f-4581-911a-bcdbf54ecec5"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1FA71F7D-7341-4870-BCF8-53230806B3BB", "name": "item", "description": "1FA71F7D-7341-4870-BCF8-53230806B3BB", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1FA71F7D-7341-4870-BCF8-53230806B3BB"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "1f616149-1ef3-4c5a-9c30-4dff0c75c2d5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[11.99, 54.05], [11.99, 54.25], [12.3, 54.25], [12.3, 54.05], [11.99, 54.05]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}, {"id": "Bodenart"}, {"id": "Bodenfunktion"}, {"id": "Bodenkarte"}, {"id": "Bodenkunde"}, {"id": "Bodenprofil"}, {"id": "Bodenschicht"}, {"id": "Bodenschutz"}, {"id": "Bodenstruktur"}, {"id": "Bodenuntersuchung"}, {"id": "Bodenwasserhaushalt"}, {"id": "Moor"}, {"id": "Niedermoor"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Lokal"}], "scheme": "Spatial scope"}], "rights": "siehe Nutzungseinschr\u00e4nkungen", "updated": "2020-11-24", "type": "Dataset", "language": "ger", "title": "Floor classes of the city floor map of the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock 2005", "description": "This data set includes the soil classes of the city soil map of the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock of 2005 in original scale 1?:?5.000 with information on soil class and soil types.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoJSON"}], "keywords": ["Boden", "Bodenart", "Bodenfunktion", "Bodenkarte", "Bodenkunde", "Bodenprofil", "Bodenschicht", "Bodenschutz", "Bodenstruktur", "Bodenuntersuchung", "Bodenwasserhaushalt", "Moor", "Niedermoor", "inspireidentifiziert", "Boden", "Lokal"], "contacts": [{"name": "Geodienste", "organization": "Kataster-, Vermessungs- und Liegenschaftsamt der Hanse- und Universit\u00e4tsstadt Rostock", "position": "owner", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 381 381-6281"}], "emails": [{"value": "geodienste@rostock.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Holbeinplatz 14"], "city": "Rostock", "administrativeArea": "DE-MV", "postalCode": "18069", "country": "DE"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/geodienste", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "title_alternate": "Bodenklassen Stadtbodenkarte HRO 2005"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geo.sv.rostock.de/download/opendata/stadtbodenkarte_2005/stadtbodenkarte_2005_bodenklassen.json", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1f616149-1ef3-4c5a-9c30-4dff0c75c2d5", "name": "item", "description": "1f616149-1ef3-4c5a-9c30-4dff0c75c2d5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1f616149-1ef3-4c5a-9c30-4dff0c75c2d5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2005-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2005-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "203fbf07-9da2-40d2-bc7f-328dae43dafc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "http://noe.gv.at/noe/Open-Government-Data/Nutzungsbedingungen.html", "updated": "2022-09-05T14:51:48.873043", "type": "Dataset", "title": "HYDROBOD2 \u2014 Hydrological soil characteristics \u2014 Final report and grid data Lower Austria", "description": "Hydrological soil characteristics, such as the hydraulic conductivity (the ability of the soil to conduct water to the depth), the total pore volume (air space within the soil body) or the usable field capacity (water storage capacity of the soil) are an important data base for applications in hydrological practice. Numerous models for predicting flood events are based on these parameters. In the first phase of the HYDROBOD-N\u00d6 project, such characteristics could be compiled nationwide for the entire province of Lower Austria. Since the completion of the first phase of HYDROBOD (2011), further parts of Lower Austria have been surveyed by agricultural soil mapping. These new foundations have now been incorporated into the existing database, resulting in a significant improvement in data quality in the newly mapped areas. 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and block sub-surfaces, 1 : 5,000 as of 2020.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["austauschha\u0308ufigkeit-des-bodenwassers", "berlin", "besondere-naturra\u0308umliche-eigenart", "bindungssta\u0308rke-fu\u0308r-schwermetalle", "boden", "bodendaten", "bodenfunktionskriterien", "bo\u0308den", "de", "filtervermo\u0308gen", "geodaten", "grundwasserflurabstand", "inspireidentifiziert", "naturna\u0308he", "na\u0308hrstoffspeichervermo\u0308gen", "na\u0308hrstoffversorgung", "open-data", "opendata", "puffervermo\u0308gen-im-organischen-kohlenstoffhaushalt", "regionale-seltenheit-der-bodengesellschaften", "schadstoffbindungsvermo\u0308gen", "sonderstandorte", "umweltatlas", "versickerung", "wasserversorgung"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Senatsverwaltung f\u00fcr Mobilit\u00e4t, Verkehr, Klimaschutz und Umwelt Berlin", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_3_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_austauschh_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_bindung_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_eigenart_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_filter_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_kohlenstoffpuffer_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_naehrstoff_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_naturnaehe_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_schadstoff_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_seltenheit_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "https://gdi.berlin.de/services/wfs/ua_boden_wasserversorgung_2020?REQUEST=GetCapabilities&SERVICE=wfs"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/2106ff3a-3394-4011-9b31-5cee4d4a9364~~1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2106ff3a-3394-4011-9b31-5cee4d4a9364", "name": "item", "description": "2106ff3a-3394-4011-9b31-5cee4d4a9364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2106ff3a-3394-4011-9b31-5cee4d4a9364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "2164/24787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:22:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-08", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for soil carbon cycling", "description": "AbstractThe soil microbiome determines the fate of plant-fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by land use change leads to modifications in microbiome function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated using metaproteomics, metabarcoding, and a 13C-labeled litter decomposition experiment across two temperate sites with differing soil pH each with a paired land use intensity contrast. 13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low-pH soil but decreased in high-pH soil, with potential impact on carbon use efficiency in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. We observed divergent pH-controlled pathways of SOC cycling. In low-pH soil, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased biomass production but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high-pH soil, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases biomass production, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilization. We demonstrate how microbial biomass production and respiration dynamics and therefore carbon use efficiency can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.