{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-30", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in line with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while concentrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by contaminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Organic farming", "organic agriculture", "Risk Assessment", "630", "Societal wastes", "12. Responsible consumption", "Organic contaminants", "Soil", "Soil biology", "RELACS", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "recycled nutrients", "FiBL25054", "Fertilizers", "Abacus", "Risk assessment", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Sewage", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "contaminants", "environment", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.3066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-26", "title": "Wheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient", "description": "Abstract

Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.Organic agriculture aims to build soil quality and provide long-term benefits to people and the environment; however, organic practices may reduce crop yields. This long-term study near Mead, NE was conducted to determine differences in soil fertility and crop yields among conventional and organic cropping systems between 1996 and 2007. The conventional system (CR) consisted of corn (Zea maysL.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean, whereas the diversified conventional system (DIR) consisted of corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat (wheat,Triticum aestivumL.). The animal manure-based organic system (OAM) consisted of soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat, while the forage-based organic system (OFG) consisted of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat. Averaged across sampling years, soil organic matter content (OMC), P, pH, Ca, K, Mg and Zn in the top 15 cm of soil were greatest in the OAM system. However, by 2008 OMC was not different between the two organic systems despite almost two times greater carbon inputs in the OAM system. Corn, sorghum and soybean average annual yields were greatest in either of the two conventional systems (7.65, 6.36 and 2.60 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively), whereas wheat yields were greatest in the OAM system (3.07 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Relative to the mean of the conventional systems, corn yields were reduced by 13 and 33% in the OAM and OFG systems, respectively. Similarly, sorghum yields in the OAM and OFG systems were reduced by 16 and 27%, respectively. Soybean yields were 20% greater in the conventional systems compared with the OAM system. However, wheat yields were 10% greater in the OAM system compared with the conventional DIR system and 23% greater than yield in the OFG system. Alfalfa in the OFG system yielded an average of 7.41 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921annually. Competitive yields of organic wheat and alfalfa along with the soil fertility benefits associated with animal manure and perennial forage suggest that aspects of the two organic systems be combined to maximize the productivity and sustainability of organic cropping systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic matter content", "Organic farming", "Animal manure", "Soil phosphorus", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "Perennial forage", "Nutrient budgets", "630", "6. Clean water", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Long-term crop rotations", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wortman, Samuel E., Galusha, Tomie D., Mason, Stephen C., Francis, Charles A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-30", "title": "Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming", "description": "Abstract

Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role.

To assess whether crop residue (leaf and root) traits determined SOC sequestration responses to OF, we coupled a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis with field measurements across a European\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide network of sites. In the meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we related crop species averages of leaf N, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry matter content, fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root C and N, with SOC stocks and sequestration responses in OF vs. CF. Across six European sites, we measured the management\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in SOC stocks and leaf litter traits after long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological intensive (e.g. OF) vs. CF comparisons.

Our global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis showed that the positive OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on soil respiration, SOC stocks, and SOC sequestration rates were significant even in organic farms with low manure application rates. Although fertilization intensity was the main driver of OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on SOC, leaf and root N concentrations also played a significant role. Across the six European sites, changes towards higher leaf litter N in CF also promoted lower SOC stocks.

Our results highlight that crop species displaying traits indicative of resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive strategies (e.g. high leaf and root N) increase the difference in SOC between OF and CF. Indeed, changes towards higher crop residue decomposability was related with decreased SOC stocks under CF across European sites.

Synthesis and applications. Our study emphasizes that, with management, changes in crop residue traits contribute to the positive effects of organic farming (OF) on soil carbon sequestration. These results provide a clear message to land managers: the choice of crop species, and more importantly their functional traits (e.g. leave and root nitrogen), should be considered in addition to management practices and climate, when evaluating the potential of OF for climate change mitigation.

", "keywords": ["SOC sequestration", "0301 basic medicine", "Organic farming", "Resource economics traits", "Soil Science", "Ecological intensification", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Markvetenskap", "630", "Soil quality", "climate change mitigation", "Climate change mitigation", "03 medical and health sciences", "ecological intensification", "organic farming", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Crop residue", "soil carbon stocks", "'Organics' in general", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "resource economics traits", "meta-analysis", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Meta-analysis", "crop residue", "13. Climate action", "crop traits", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Leaf nitrogen", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su12229719", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-23", "title": "Factors Influencing Adoption of Sustainable Farming Practices in Europe: A Systemic Review of Empirical Literature", "description": "

Modern practices of industrial farming, such as mineral fertilization, caused a widespread degradation of agricultural land and water bodies in Europe. Different farm management strategies exist to reduce the impact of mineral fertilization while preserving soil productivity. The aim of this paper is to provide a thorough systemic review of contemporary literature exploring factors and conditions affecting EU farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 adoption of sustainable farming practices. The specific focus is on widely adopted and empirically explored measures, such as organic farming, manure treatment technologies and manure fertilization, as well as soil and water conservation methods. In total, 23 peer-reviewed studies were extracted by means of Google Scholar covering the time period between 2003 and 2019. The main findings show that farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 environmental and economic attitudes in addition to their sources of information have a strong effect on the adoption of organic farming, although there is a lack of evidence of their impact on adopting manure treatment and conservation measures. Similarly, farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 age and education are found to systemically influence organic farming adoption, but not adoption of other reviewed technologies. While other factors, such as farm physical characteristics or technological attributes, may be important determinants of adoption, it is hard to recognize definite patterns of their impact across technologies given a shortage of empirical evidence. More research utilizing standardized surveys and methods of analysis is needed to formulate qualified guidelines and recommendations for policymakers.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Animal waste", "Organic farming", "Conservation agriculture", "05 social sciences", "Manure treatment", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Agricultura biol\u00f2gica", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Agricultura::Agricultura sostenible [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "0502 economics and business", "Agrotech", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Agricultura::Agricultura sostenible", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/22/9719/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229719"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su12229719", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su12229719", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su12229719"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70486", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-09-12", "title": "Impacts of Climate, Organic Management, and Degradation Status on Soil Biodiversity in Agroecosystems Worldwide", "description": "ABSTRACT

Unsustainable soil management, climate change, and land degradation jeopardize soil biodiversity and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated ecosystem functions. Although the transition from conventional to organic agriculture has been proposed as a potential solution to alleviate these pressures, there is limited evidence of its effectiveness in enhancing belowground biodiversity across different biogeographical regions, climates, and land degradation levels. In this study, we holistically assessed the status of soil biodiversity, from microorganisms to meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna, in agroecosystems distributed across four continents. We identified the primary environmental community composition drivers and assessed the effects of the transition from conventional to organic management (no chemical inputs) on soil ecology. Our findings highlight the mean temperature and precipitation of the warmest and coldest quarters of the year, aridity, pH, and soil texture as the primary drivers of the different soil biodiversity components. Overall, organic farming has a significant but small impact on soil biodiversity compared to the other community drivers. On top of that, the results demonstrate the importance of a regional\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific context for a future generalized transition towards organic soil management. Specifically, under the most arid conditions in our study, organic management showed potential to buffer biodiversity loss in highly degraded soils, with a significant increase in diversity for prokaryotes and protists compared to conventionally managed soils. Therefore, the combination of a global and, simultaneously, regional\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific approach supports the hypothesis that a shift towards organic agriculture would maximize its beneficial impact on belowground diversity in highly degraded soils under arid conditions over the coming years, being a crucial tool to increase resilience and adaptation to global change for agriculture.Abstract. We compared the effects of conventional and organic arable farming on soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil structure, aggregate stability and C and N mineralization, which are considered important factors in defining sustainable land management. Within one soil series, three different farming systems were selected, including a conventional and an organic arable system and permanent pasture without tillage. The old pasture represents optimal conditions in terms of soil structure and organic matter inputs and is characterized by high earthworm activity. More than 70 years of different management has caused significant differences in soil properties. SOM content, mineralization, earthworm activity and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregation decreased as a result of tillage and arable cropping when compared with pasture, but were significantly greater under organic farming than under conventional farming. Total SOM contents between 0 and 20 cm depth amounted to 15, 24 and 46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the conventional arable, organic arable and permanent pasture fields, respectively. Although less sensitive to slaking than the conventionally managed field, the soil under organic farming was susceptible to compaction when high pressures were exerted on the soil under wet conditions. The beneficial effects of organic farming are generally associated with soil biochemical properties, but soil physical aspects should also be considered. Depending on soil type and climate, organic farmers need to be careful not to destroy the soil structure, so that they can enjoy maximum advantage from their organic farming systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregation", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "arable farming", "fertilizer", "loam soils", "populations", "6. Clean water", "land", "cultivation", "13. Climate action", "organic farming", "manure", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "soil structure", "earthworm activity", "silt loam", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Effects Of Four Tillage Systems On Soil Structure And Soil Microbial Biomass In Organic Farming", "description": "Abstract

Tillage modifies soil structure and crop residue distribution and in turn affects the ability of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to degrade soil organic matter and release nutrients for crop growth. In organic farming, soil microbiological activity is of primary importance as nutrient supply is mainly dependent on the degradation of soil organic matter by soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. The aim of this work was therefore to study, in organic farming, the effects of four tillage systems [mouldboard ploughing (MP), shallow mouldboard ploughing (SMP), reduced tillage (RT) and shallow soil tillage (ST)] on soil structure, soil microbial biomass (SMB) and its potential activity (Cmin) during the first year following the treatments. To study simultaneously the effects of soil structure modifications and crop residue distribution on SMB and Cmin, we adopted a sampling scheme based on a morphological description of soil profiles. We distinguished and sampled compacted and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90compacted clods (\uffce\uff94 and \uffce\uff93 clods) at three depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm). This method enabled us to have a precise estimation of the effects of tillage treatments on SMB and Cmin. MP reduced compacted zones and limited unfavourable conditions for microbial growth and enabled a homogenous distribution of SMB in the soil profile. At the opposite, the ST increased compacted zones in the soil profile and limited SMB development below the top few centimetres. The SMP and the RT systems appeared as intermediate techniques. RT seemed to be a conservation tillage technique which could be used in organic farming.

", "keywords": ["TILLAGE SYSTEMS", "2. Zero hunger", "SOIL STRUCTURE", "SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ORGANIC FARMING", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00176.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-18", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Structures To Conventional And Organic Farming Systems Under Identical Crop Rotations", "description": "In this study the influence of different farming systems on microbial community structure was analyzed using soil samples from the DOK long-term field experiment in Switzerland, which comprises organic (BIODYN and BIOORG) and conventional (CONFYM and CONMIN) farming systems as well as an unfertilized control (NOFERT). We examined microbial communities in winter wheat plots at two different points in the crop rotation (after potatoes and after maize). Employing extended polar lipid analysis up to 244 different phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL) were detected. Higher concentrations of PLFA and PLEL in BIODYN and BIOORG indicated a significant influence of organic agriculture on microbial biomass. Farmyard manure (FYM) application consistently revealed the strongest, and the preceding crop the weakest, influence on domain-specific biomass, diversity indices and microbial community structures. Esterlinked PLFA from slowly growing bacteria (k-strategists) showed the strongest responses to long-term organic fertilization. Although the highest fungal biomass was found in the two organic systems of the DOK field trial, their contribution to the differentiation of community structures according to the management regime was relatively low. Prokaryotic communities responded most strongly to either conventional or organic farming management.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Soil quality", "Soil", "organic farming; DOK long-term field trial; microbial community; PLFA; PLEL", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "'Organics' in general", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "Solanum tuberosum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Espersch\u00fctz, J\u00fcrgen, Gattinger, Andreas, M\u00e4der, Paul, Schloter, Michael, Flie\u00dfbach, Andreas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "description": "Abstract

Soil chemical properties during the transition from conventional to organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input farming practices were studied over 8 yr in California's Sacramento Valley to document changes in soil fertility status and nutrient storage. Four farming systems differing in crop rotation and external inputs were established on land previously managed conventionally. Fertility in the organic system depended on animal manure applications and winter cover crops; the two conventional systems received synthetic fertilizer inputs; the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system used cover crops and animal manure during the first 3 yr and cover crops and synthetic fertilizer for the remaining 5 yr. At 4 and 8 yr after establishment, most changes in soil chemical properties were consistent with predictions based on nutrient budgets. Inputs of C, P, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in the organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input systems as a result of manure applications and cover crop incorporations. After 4 yr, soils in the organic and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input systems had higher soil organic C, soluble P, exchangeable K, and pH. Ceasing manure applications in the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system in Year 4 resulted in declining levels of organic C, soluble P, and exchangeable K. Crop rotation (the presence or absence of corn) also had a significant effect on organic C levels. Differences in total N appeared to be related in part to inputs, but perhaps also to differing efficiency of the farming systems at storing excess N inputs: the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input system appeared to be most efficient, and the conventional systems were least efficient. Electrical conductivity (EC), soluble Ca, and soluble Mg levels were tightly linked but not consistently different among treatments. Relatively stable EC levels in the organic system indicate that animal manures did not increase salinity. Overall, our findings indicate that organic and lowinput farming in the Sacramento Valley result in small but important increases in soil organic C and larger pools of stored nutrients, which are critical for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertility maintenance.

", "keywords": ["Soil chemical properties", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Organic farming", "Cover crops", "Cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Manure", "Low input agriculture", "Farm/Enterprise Scale", "Farming systems", "Low-input farming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Clark, M. S., Horwath, W. R., Shennan, C., Scow, K. M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050016x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/396830", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-02", "title": "Biocontrol of Melolontha spp. Grubs in Organic Strawberry Plantations by Entomopathogenic Fungi as Affected by Environmental and Metabolic Factors and the Interaction with Soil Microbial Biodiversity", "description": "

The efficacy of two strains of two Beauveria species (B. bassiana and B. brongniartii), individually or as co-inoculants, to control Melolontha sp. grubs was assessed in two organic strawberry plantations in relation to the environmental conditions, their abundance after soil inoculation, and their in vitro chitinolytic activity, thereby also verifying their impact on soil microbial communities. A reduction of the grubs\u2019 damage to strawberry plants was observed when compared to the untreated control in one plantation, irrespective of the strain used and whether they were applied as single or as co-inoculum. The metabolic pattern expressed by the two fungi in vitro was different: B. bassiana showed a higher metabolic versatility in the use of different carbon sources than B. brongniartii, whose profile was partly overlapped in the co-inoculum. Similar differences in the chitinolytic activity of each of the fungi and the co-inoculum were also pointed out. A higher abundance of B. bassiana in the soils receiving this species in comparison to those receiving B. brongniartii, together with its in vitro metabolic activity, could account for the observed diverse efficacy of pest damage control of the two species. However, environmental and climatic factors also affected the overall efficacy of the two bioinocula. According to the monitoring of the two species in soil, B. bassiana could be considered as a common native species in the studied locations in contrast to B. brongniartii, which seemed to be a non-endemic species. Nevertheless, the inoculation with both species or the co-inoculum did not consistently affect the soil microbial (fungi and bacteria) biodiversity, as expressed by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and Shannon\u2013Wiener diversity index based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) data. A small transient increase of the share of the inoculated species to the total fungal community was noted by the analysis of genes copy numbers only for B. brongniartii at the end of the third growing season.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Beauveria brongniartii", "Organic farming", "Science", "Q", "Beauveria brongniartii", "15. Life on land", "Chitinolytic activity", "Article", "chitinolytic activity", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic farming", "Beauveria bassiana", "European cockchafer", "Beauveria bassiana"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/2/127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/396830/1/insects-12-00127.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/2/127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.14243/396830"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Insects", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.14243/396830", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.14243/396830", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.14243/396830"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11050445", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-17", "title": "Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems", "description": "

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "compost", "High-throughput sequencing", "Organic farming", "Agriculture (General)", "high-throughput sequencing", "Microbial community structure", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sheep manure", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Gen\u00e9tica", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "agricultural_sciences_agronomy", "3107.01 Producci\u00f3n de Cultivos", "microbial community structure", "organic farming", "soil properties", "5102.01 Agricultura", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop yield", "Soil properties", "Sheep manure"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/5/445/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/5/445/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050445"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11050445", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11050445", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11050445"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-22", "title": "The Effects of Crops Together with Winter Cover Crops on the Content of Soil Water-Stable Aggregates in Organic Farming", "description": "

The stability of the soil aggregates is an important soil quality indicator, as it affects the soil\u2019s overall functionality. As the soil aggregates are highly affected by agricultural practices, it is essential to know how crops interact with the aggregation process. Therefore, for obtaining more knowledge, this research was conducted in Estonia in an organic crop rotation field experiment from 2012/2013 through 2015/2016 to study the effects of crops (potato \u2192 spring barley undersown with red clover \u2192 red clover \u2192 winter wheat \u2192 pea) under different treatments (TC\u2014control; TW\u2014winter cover crops; TW+M\u2014TW with farmyard manure 40 Mg ha\u22121 per crop rotation). The results showed that in the topsoil (5\u201310 cm), the soil water-stable aggregate (WSA) content (determined by the wet sieving method) from highest to lowest was following: pea (61.7%), winter wheat (61.6%), spring barley (61.5%), red clover (59.3%), potato (57.1%); whereas in the subsoil (30\u201335 cm): potato (50.6%), pea (48.5%), red clover (47.9%), spring barley (47.7%), winter wheat (46.4%). Therefore, potato was a noticeable crop, as among the crops, it had the lowest WSA content in the topsoil, while highest in the subsoil. The results shown gave an assumption that the after-effects of some crops (foremost with pea) were noticeable in the soil properties during the following crop. In the topsoil, the differences between crops were significant among crops just for TW and TW+M treatments. In TW, potato was lower than spring barley and winter wheat, but not significantly lower than pea or red clover. In the subsoil, significant differences between crops were observed for TC and TW treatments: in TC, potato was just significantly greater than red clover (but similar to other crops), and in TW, significantly greater than winter wheat. Furthermore, in the topsoil the soil organic carbon (SOC) content was not significantly affected by crops, and the use of winter cover crops generally increased the SOC content while concurrently decreased the WSA content and the soil maximum water holding capacity. This was probably caused by the additional tillage operations which cancelled out the possible benefits for the soil aggregates. As a consequence of the constantly declining SOC content, caused by the weakened soil aggregates, the plant-available P and K contents, especially in the absence of manure applications, decreased as well, probably due to the combination of fixation and removal of plant biomass. Therefore, it is expected that by continuing this trend, the plant growing conditions decline, which in turn will have a negative effect for the aggregate formation and carbon sequestration, which are essential for plant growth.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "winter cover crops", "15. Life on land", "aggregate stability", "maximum water holding capacity", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1035/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11111035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-23", "title": "Legume Ecotypes and Commercial Cultivars Differ in Performance and Potential Suitability for Use as Permanent Living Mulch in Mediterranean Vegetable Systems", "description": "

Weed control in organic conservative vegetable systems is extremely challenging and the use of legume permanent living mulches (pLM) presents an interesting opportunity. The successful use of pLM is largely determined by the choice of appropriate legumes which are able to combine adequate weed control with a marginal competitive effect on the cash crop(s). However, the availability of legumes for such systems is limited and their characterization based on growth traits can support the selection of suitable legumes for conservation organic vegetable systems. The current study investigated weed control capacity and variability in morphological and phenological traits relevant in inter-plant competition among a range of 11 commercial cultivars of legumes and seven ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha (bur medic). For commercial cultivars, Lotus corniculatus (bird\uffe2\uff80\uff99s-foot trefoil) and Trifolium repens (white clover) showed the best weed control capacity, while Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) and Medicago polymopha had more suitable characteristics for a rapid and complete establishment of the pLM. Overall, legume mulches appear more effective in dicotyledonous than in monocotyledonous weed control. Trifolium subterraneum cv. Antas and T. repens cv. Haifa were identified as the potentially most suitable legumes for use as pLM and their use in mixtures could be a promising solution. In addition, the ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha Manciano and Talamone proved to be well adapted for local environmental conditions and they showed a better weed suppression than the commercial cultivars of Medicago polymorpha.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "weed control", "S", "bur clover", "dead mulch", "Weed management", "Agriculture", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "clover", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "legume screening", "organic farming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic farming; weed control; legume screening; dead mulch; clover; bur clover; reduced tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1836/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/535991/1/Leoni%20et%20al_2020_permanent%20living%20mulches_agronomy%28MDPI%29-10-01836_final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/11/1836/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111836"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10111836", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10111836"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Groundcover Mulching in Mediterranean Vineyards Improves Soil Chemical, Physical and Biological Health Already in the Short Term", "description": "

Vineyards are among the land uses with the highest soil degradation rate in Mediterranean Europe, mainly due to intensive tillage management. Therefore, practices able to foster soil health are critical to promote sustainable wine production. We studied the following treatments in two organic farms in Chianti Classico (Italy): conventional tillage, spontaneous vegetation, pigeon bean (Vicia faba var. minor) incorporated in spring and a mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and squarrosum clover (Trifolium squarrosum), both incorporated and left as mulch. An innovative approach, based on gamma-ray and apparent electrical conductivity, was used to account for the fine-scale soil variability that was included in the statistical model. Mulched groundcovers were associated with higher soil organic matter compared to tillage, already after two years. An increased N availability was found under all groundcovers compared with tillage. The effect of soil management practices on P2O5 strongly varied across farms and years, while it was not statistically significant on K availability. Spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the soil structure index, soil penetration resistance and soil biological health. The results show that mulched groundcovers can improve soil health already in the short term, thereby potentially increasing the sustainability of the wine sector.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture; vite; agricoltura sostenibile; inerbimento; sovescio; colture di copertura; gestione del suolo; lavorazione del terreno; inerbimento permanente; inerbimento spontaneo", "green manure", "S", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture", "Agriculture", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "organic farming", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/1168505/1/Raffa%20et%20al._2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/541888/1/Warren%20Raffa%20et%20al%20%282021%29_Agronomy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12020316", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-26", "title": "Long-Term Compost Amendment Changes Interactions and Specialization in the Soil Bacterial Community, Increasing the Presence of Beneficial N-Cycling Genes in the Soil", "description": "

Significant differences in the microbial community and diversity in soil have been observed due to organic farming, but little research has been performed for exploring microbial functionality and the co-occurrence of patterns among microbial taxa. In this work, we study soil 16S rDNA amplicons from two long-term organic farming systems (Org_C and Org_M) and a conventional system (Conv) to decipher the differences in microbial interaction and network organization and to predict functional genes (principally related to the N cycle). In general, the network organizations were different in all cropping systems due to agricultural management. Org_C showed the highest negative interactions and modularity and the most altered bacterial niches and interactions, which led to an increase in generalist species that stabilize the bacterial community and improve the response of the soil to adverse conditions. These changes altered the predicted functionality of the bacterial community; Org_C showed higher referred numbers of nitrogen fixation genes, a decrease in the N2O emission genes and could favor the uptake of environmental CO2. Thus, long-term compost amendment application has significant benefits for the farmer and the environment, since prolonged application can reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides and could create a more stable soil, which could resist the effects of climate change.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "soil bacteria", "S", "PICRUSt", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "conventional farming", "co-occurrence; conventional farming; manure; organic farming; PICRUSt; soil bacteria", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic farming", "13. Climate action", "manure", "co-occurrence"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/316/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/316/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020316"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12020316", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12020316", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12020316"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae9080920", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-14", "title": "Control of Nematodes in Organic Horticulture Exploiting the Multifunctional Capacity of Microorganisms", "description": "

Organic production is expected to play a major role in reducing the impact of agricultural practices on the environment. Soil is considered a major component of the organic production process, and organic practices aim at increasing its health and fertility. However, the control of soil-borne pests, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes, can be difficult in organic horticultural crops due to the rules allowed in this farming system. Applying a holistic approach that fosters and exploits the activity of the soil microbiome to control plant-parasitic nematodes has been at the basis of the analysis of the available scientific knowledge carried out for this review article. This review thus focuses on the multifunctional capacity of microorganisms, including that of bacteria and fungi not normally considered biocontrol agents, and the need to also better understand their relations with the plant and other environmental and agronomic factors. The implementation of the \u201cmulti-biotics\u201d concept, applying prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics, which supports an integrated agroecological strategy for the protection of organic horticultural crops, is proposed as an efficient practice that should be further studied to be adapted under different crops and pedo-climatic conditions.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic farming", "microbial inocula", "biological control", "Plant culture", "plant-parasitic nematodes", "15. Life on land", "entomopathogenic nematodes", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/920/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080920"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae9080920", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae9080920", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae9080920"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/insects12020127", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-02", "title": "Biocontrol of Melolontha spp. Grubs in Organic Strawberry Plantations by Entomopathogenic Fungi as Affected by Environmental and Metabolic Factors and the Interaction with Soil Microbial Biodiversity", "description": "

The efficacy of two strains of two Beauveria species (B. bassiana and B. brongniartii), individually or as co-inoculants, to control Melolontha sp. grubs was assessed in two organic strawberry plantations in relation to the environmental conditions, their abundance after soil inoculation, and their in vitro chitinolytic activity, thereby also verifying their impact on soil microbial communities. A reduction of the grubs\u2019 damage to strawberry plants was observed when compared to the untreated control in one plantation, irrespective of the strain used and whether they were applied as single or as co-inoculum. The metabolic pattern expressed by the two fungi in vitro was different: B. bassiana showed a higher metabolic versatility in the use of different carbon sources than B. brongniartii, whose profile was partly overlapped in the co-inoculum. Similar differences in the chitinolytic activity of each of the fungi and the co-inoculum were also pointed out. A higher abundance of B. bassiana in the soils receiving this species in comparison to those receiving B. brongniartii, together with its in vitro metabolic activity, could account for the observed diverse efficacy of pest damage control of the two species. However, environmental and climatic factors also affected the overall efficacy of the two bioinocula. According to the monitoring of the two species in soil, B. bassiana could be considered as a common native species in the studied locations in contrast to B. brongniartii, which seemed to be a non-endemic species. Nevertheless, the inoculation with both species or the co-inoculum did not consistently affect the soil microbial (fungi and bacteria) biodiversity, as expressed by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and Shannon\u2013Wiener diversity index based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) data. A small transient increase of the share of the inoculated species to the total fungal community was noted by the analysis of genes copy numbers only for B. brongniartii at the end of the third growing season.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Beauveria brongniartii", "Organic farming", "Science", "Q", "Beauveria brongniartii", "15. Life on land", "Chitinolytic activity", "Article", "chitinolytic activity", "03 medical and health sciences", "organic farming", "Beauveria bassiana", "European cockchafer", "Beauveria bassiana"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/2/127/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/396830/1/insects-12-00127.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020127"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Insects", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/insects12020127", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/insects12020127", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/insects12020127"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ijms15069907", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-03", "title": "The Influence Of Ecological And Conventional Plant Production Systems On Soil Microbial Quality Under Hops (Humulus Lupulus)", "description": "

The knowledge about microorganisms\uffe2\uff80\uff94activity and diversity under hop production is still limited. We assumed that, different systems of hop production (within the same soil and climatic conditions) significantly influence on the composition of soil microbial populations and its functional activity (metabolic potential). Therefore, we compared a set of soil microbial properties in the field experiment of two hop production systems (a) ecological based on the use of probiotic preparations and organic fertilization (b) conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff94with the use of chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Soil analyses included following microbial properties: The total number microorganisms, a bunch of soil enzyme activities, the catabolic potential was also assessed following Biolog EcoPlates\uffc2\uffae. Moreover, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (T-RFLP) of PCR ammonia monooxygenase \uffce\uffb1-subunit (amoA) gene products. Conventional and ecological systems of hop production were able to affect soil microbial state in different seasonal manner. Favorable effect on soil microbial activity met under ecological, was more probably due to livestock-based manure and fermented plant extracts application. No negative influence on conventional hopyard soil was revealed. Both type of production fulfilled fertilizing demands. Under ecological production it was due to livestock-based manure fertilizers and fermented plant extracts application.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Article", "3. Good health", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "diversity; organic farming; soil microbial functionality", "Fertilizers", "Humulus", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/6/9907/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15069907"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Molecular%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ijms15069907", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ijms15069907", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ijms15069907"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land10010008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-23", "title": "Impact of Sustainable Land Management Practices on Soil Properties: Example of Organic and Integrated Agricultural Management", "description": "

Maintaining good soil quality is crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the visual soil assessment (VSA) method by testing it on two soil types and two agricultural management practices (AMP) (organic and integrated) that are considered to protect soil quality. We selected two farms with plots on two river terraces with different soil properties. The test was based on the modified method Annual Crops Visual Quality Assessment developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and supported by a standardized soil physical and chemical analysis. This study showed that the assessed score is highly dependent on the type of farming practice and how soils are managed. The soil type also plays an important role. The results for Calcaric Fluvisol showed that the effects of selected agricultural management practices on the visual assessment of soil quality could be almost undetectable. The time of assessment also plays a significant role in VSA scoring. Different crops and agricultural activities with significant impacts on the soil occur throughout the year (especially in vegetable production). It was observed that a higher score for the soil cover indicator had a beneficial effect on the total VSA rating.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "kmetijska praksa", "land management; visual assessment; soil quality; agricultural management practice; organic farming; integrated farming", "S", "land management", "visual assessment", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "organsko kmetijstvo", "15. Life on land", "sonaravno kmetijstvo", "12. Responsible consumption", "trajnostno kmetijstvo", "integrirana pridelava", "agricultural management practice", "organic farming", "vizualna ocena", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "integrated farming", "kakovost tal", "upravljanje zemlji\u0161\u010d", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/631.4"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/8/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/8/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land10010008", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land10010008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land10010008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su5093876", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-12", "title": "Effects Of Reduced Tillage On Crop Yield, Plant Available Nutrients And Soil Organic Matter In A 12-Year Long-Term Trial Under Organic Management", "description": "

A field experiment was performed in Southwest Germany to examine the effects of long-term reduced tillage (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). Tillage treatments were deep moldboard plow: DP, 25 cm; double-layer plow; DLP, 15 + 10 cm, shallow moldboard plow: SP, 15 cm and chisel plow: CP, 15 cm, each of them with or without preceding stubble tillage. The mean yields of a typical eight-year crop rotation were 22% lower with CP compared to DP, and 3% lower with SP and DLP. Stubble tillage increased yields by 11% across all treatments. Soil nutrients were high with all tillage strategies and amounted for 34\uffe2\uff80\uff9357 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 P and 48\uffe2\uff80\uff93113 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 K (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm soil depth). Humus budgets showed a high carbon input via crops but this was not reflected in the actual Corg content of the soil. Corg decreased as soil depth increased from 13.7 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm) to 4.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (40\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm) across all treatments. After 12 years of experiment, SP and CP resulted in significantly higher Corg content in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm soil depth, compared to DP and DLP. Stubble tillage had no significant effect on Corg. Stubble tillage combined with reduced primary tillage can sustain yield levels without compromising beneficial effects from reduced tillage on Corg and available nutrient content.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming; reduced tillage; soil organic carbon; plant available nutrients; long-term trial; humus budget; C org ; mineralization; moldboard plow; chisel plow; conservation tillage", "jel:O13", "jel:Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q0", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "jel:Q2", "jel:Q56", "15. Life on land", "jel:Q3", "jel:Q5", "organic farming; reduced tillage; soil organic carbon; plant available nutrients; long-term trial; humus budget; Corg; mineralization; moldboard plow; chisel plow; conservation tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sabine Zikeli, Sabine Gruber, Claus-Felix Teufel, Karin Hartung, Wilhelm Claupein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/9/3876/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su5093876"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su5093876", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su5093876", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su5093876"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15303209", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Yield, soil and management data of the Frick long-term experiment on tillage, fertilization and biodynamic preparations on a Stagnic Eutric Cambisol in Switzerland", "description": "This dataset is part of the database compiled as an outcome of Work Area 1 in project OrganicYieldsUP. Variable definitions can be found here: \u00a0https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15276082 In Frick (Switzerland), a long-term experiment was established at the farm of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) in autumn 2002 on a clay loam (Stagnic Eutric Cambisol). In this three-factorial experiment, a reduced tillage system with a chisel plough to a depth of 10 cm is compared to conventional ploughing to a depth of approx. 20 cm, a liquid manure system is compared to a compost manure system and the adding of biodynamic preparations is compared to none preparations. Biodynamic preparations had been assessed previously in system comparison experiments, however, their effect is difficult to elucidate separately in a system comparison approach. One reason for setting up this experiment was therefore a demand among farmers and researchers in early 2000 to disentangle the influence of biodynamic preparations from the influence of manure compost on soil fertility. On the other hand, it should be tested if and how reduced tillage is feasible in organic farming.\u00a0This dataset consists of plot data for yield, soil and management from 2002 to 2018. The crop rotation at the start of the experiment was winter wheat, sunflower, spelt and two years of grass clover. Sunflower was excluded after 2010 because of total yield loss due to slugs. For yield, total aboveground plant biomass is given for silage maize, grass-clover and cover crops, grain yield for winter wheat, spelt and sunflowers. Total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the yield components are given as well. Weed data is given as total weed cover and/or total weed biomass in the years with row crops. For pests and diseases, Fusarium toxins (DON) are given for 2003 and slug emergence for 2010. For soil data, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and pH are given plotwise for the layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm in three year intervals generally. Bulk density is available for some years and plots. This dataset has been evaluated and published in a research paper by Maike Krauss, Alfred Berner, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Perrochet, Robert Frei, Urs Niggli and Paul M\u00e4der (2020): Enhanced soil quality with reduced tillage an solid manures in organic farming \u2013 a synthesis of 15 years. Scientific Reports 10:4403, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61320-8 We are grateful for the financial support in running the field trial by the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) and following foundations: Software AG - Stiftung (DE), Stiftung zur Pflege von Mensch, Mitwelt und Erde (CH), Stiftung Edith Maryon (CHF), the COOP Sustainability Fund and the CORE Organic II funding bodies, being partners of the FP7 ERA-Net project TILMAN-ORG (www.coreorganic2.org).", "keywords": ["Organic Agriculture", "Animal manure", "Weed Control/statistics & numerical data", "Organic farming", "Nitrogen", "Yield (agricultural)", "Plant Weeds", "Ph-value", "Compost", "Soil fertility", "Weed", "Tillage", "Field experiment", "Crop rotation", "Long-term experiment", "Agricultural pest", "Liquid manure", "biodynamic preparations", "Organic carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grosse, Meike, Berner, Alfred, Perrochet, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, Frei, Robert, M\u00e4der, Paul, Krauss, Maike,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15303209"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15303209", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15303209", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15303209"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.1566066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:16Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "N2O and CH4 fluxes/concentrations reported in Krauss et al. 2017", "description": "Open Access{'references': ['Krauss, M., Ruser, R., M u00fcller, T., Hansen, S., M u00e4der, P., Gattinger, A. (2017) Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 239, p. 324-333']}", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", " methane", " greenhouse gas emissions", " conservation tillage", " organic farming", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Krauss, Maike", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1566066"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.1566066", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.1566066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.1566066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4476863", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:35Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Interactions between agricultural management and soil biodiversity: an overview of current knowledge", "description": "This book presents a literature review of the soil biodiversity problems of the European Farmers and the strategies developed to solve them.
The aspects considered in this revision book are:
- The importance of the soil biodiversity in the design of cropping systems.
- Crop rotation and its effect over the edaphic fauna.
- The effect of tillage on the communities that inhabit in the cultivated soils.
- The ability of soil fauna to regulate the proliferation of pathogenic fungi related to certain crop diseases.
- Different types of bacteria that promote plant growth.
- The relationship between soil contamination and biodiversity.
- The effect of organic and synthetic fertilizers on the biodiversity of the edaphic fauna.
- The development of alarm systems that allow the early detection of pathogens.
- The increase in soil quality associated with the use of cover crops.
- The use of trap crops to reduce the use of pesticides while maintaining production and quality. This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "book", "organic farming", "15. Life on land", "soil", "biodiversity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Soto G\u00f3mez, Diego, Fern\u00e1ndez Calvi\u00f1o, David, Shanskiy, Merrit,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4476863"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4476863", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4476863", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4476863"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4519215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:36Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Interactions between agricultural management and soil biodiversity: an overview of current knowledge", "description": "This book presents a literature review of the soil biodiversity problems of the European Farmers and the strategies developed to solve them.
The aspects considered in this revision book are:
- The importance of the soil biodiversity in the design of cropping systems.
- Crop rotation and its effect over the edaphic fauna.
- The effect of tillage on the communities that inhabit in the cultivated soils.
- The ability of soil fauna to regulate the proliferation of pathogenic fungi related to certain crop diseases.
- Different types of bacteria that promote plant growth.
- The relationship between soil contamination and biodiversity.
- The effect of organic and synthetic fertilizers on the biodiversity of the edaphic fauna.
- The development of alarm systems that allow the early detection of pathogens.
- The increase in soil quality associated with the use of cover crops.
- The use of trap crops to reduce the use of pesticides while maintaining production and quality. This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "book", "organic farming", "15. Life on land", "soil", "biodiversity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Soto G\u00f3mez, Diego, Fern\u00e1ndez Calvi\u00f1o, David, Shanskiy, Merrit,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4519215"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4519215", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4519215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4519215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6907390", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:44Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Can organic farming increase biodiversity?", "description": "Adoption of new management practices to increase crop production and quality (Can organic farming increase biodiversity?) This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "nematodes", "bioindicators", "Biodiversity status", " conventional farming", " nematodes", " bioindicators", " organic farming.", "Biodiversity status", " conventional farming", " nematodes", " bioindicators", " organic farming.", "15. Life on land", "conventional farming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Waeyenberge, Lieven", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6907390"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6907390", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6907390", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6907390"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6907391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:44Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Can organic farming increase biodiversity?", "description": "Adoption of new management practices to increase crop production and quality (Can organic farming increase biodiversity?) This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "nematodes", "bioindicators", "Biodiversity status", " conventional farming", " nematodes", " bioindicators", " organic farming.", "15. Life on land", "conventional farming"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Waeyenberge, Lieven", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6907391"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6907391", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6907391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6907391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10044/1/108326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-30", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in line with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while concentrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by contaminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Organic farming", "SEWAGE-SLUDGE", "LONG-TERM IMPACT", "PATHOGENIC BACTERIA", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Risk Assessment", "630", "Societal wastes", "12. Responsible consumption", "Organic contaminants", "Soil", "PRE-APPLICATION TREATMENT", "HEAVY-METALS", "ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "Risk assessment", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Science & Technology", "Sewage", "ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES", "FERTILIZER VALUE", "SOIL DYNAMICS", "Agriculture", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Plastics", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10044/1/108326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10044/1/108326", "name": "item", "description": "10044/1/108326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10044/1/108326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10317/18601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-22", "title": "The impact of crop diversification, tillage and fertilization type on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance: A worldwide meta-analysis of agricultural sites", "description": "Microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling in agriculture and can contribute to improve soil quality and enhance crop production. Thus, there is a need to identify the most suitable management practices which foster increases in soil microbial biomass and diversity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess changes in microbial abundance in agricultural soils affected by: (i) management practices (tillage, fertilization and crop diversification); and (ii) environmental factors, including climate characteristics and soil properties. The scope of the meta-analysis was to evaluate whether microbial abundances are affected or not by organic fertilization or no fertilization, crop diversification (intercropping and crop rotations) and conservation tillage (reduced tillage/no-tillage) as an alternative to intensive conventional monocultures in agriculture. Only papers showing data on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), providing indicators about soil microbial (total PLFA), fungal and bacterial biomass reached a critical mass to perform the meta-analysis. Therefore, soil microbial diversity could not be analyzed considering different management practices. Results showed that intercropping and crop rotations only significantly increased the abundance of fungi, with the corresponding increase in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. Organic fertilization contributed to significant increases in bacterial and fungal abundance and total PLFA compared to mineral fertilization. Contrarily, the lack of fertilization negatively affected total PLFA, with no significant effect on bacterial and fungal abundances. Reduced tillage significantly increased total PLFA, fungal and bacterial abundances compared to conventional tillage, while no tillage had only a positive effect on fungi. Thus, as a general pattern, the adoption of sustainable management practices, mostly organic fertilization and reduced tillage, has overall positive effects on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance. These variables were not related to soil physicochemical properties and climatic factors, suggesting a positive global effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances. Thus, this study shows new insights by a meta-analysis of global studies about the effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances, needed for land-managers, policy-makers and farmers to select sustainable cropping systems that enhance microbial abundance. Financiado para publicaci\u00f3n en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2015\u201318758 Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016\u201320411 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n | Ref. FJC2019\u2013039176-I Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D-2021/016", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "15. Proteger", " restablecer y promover el uso sostenible de los ecosistemas terrestres", " gestionar sosteniblemente los bosques", " luchar contra la desertificaci\u00f3n", " detener e invertir la degradaci\u00f3n de las tierras y detener la p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "13. Climate action", "Diversification", "Fertilization", "2. Poner fin al hambre", " lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrici\u00f3n y promover la agricultura sostenible", "PLFA", "3103.08 Gesti\u00f3n de la Producci\u00f3n Vegetal", "3103.12 Comportamiento del Suelo en Cultivos Rotatorios", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "25 Ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio::2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "3103.05 T\u00e9cnicas de Cultivo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10317/18601"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10317/18601", "name": "item", "description": "10317/18601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10317/18601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10568/131386", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-15", "title": "Bioinoculants and organic soil amendments affect nematode diversity in apple orchards", "description": "Open AccessNematodes with their versatile lifestyles provide a suitable lens to decipher the conditions of agroecosystems, but less is known about how they are affected by bioinoculants and organic soil amendments. To test if treatments modify the nematode community, we studied nematode communities in two different apple orchards under organic and integrated farming. Soil was treated with products containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bioeffectors, and organic amendments. The comparison between baseline and control samples indicated an overall higher nematode richness in organic than the integrated orchard. Sampling time more than treatment had a significant effect, and higher community richness was observed during spring as compared to autumn. The variation in nematode community composition was mainly explained by sampling time followed by treatment, and orchard type. Although all treatments reduced nematode richness, their effect generally varied across treatments. In both orchards, season-dependent effects of treatment on nematode families and trophic guilds were observed, with a higher percentage of bacterivorous and lower percentage of herbivorous nematodes during spring. The effect was driven by a few families, i.e. Rhabditidae and Tylenchidae. Our study provides insights about the effect of soil treatment on nematodes with implications for the development and modification of bioinoculants.", "keywords": ["330", "Organic farming", "Agroecosystem", "organic soils", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "630", "Trophic level", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Bacterivore", "Soil biology", "Soil food web", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Soil water", "soils", "Plant Interactions", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "biodiversity", "Nematode", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Molecular Plant Pathology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "nematodes", "Impact of Pollinator Decline on Ecosystems and Agriculture", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/495621/1/1-s2.0-S0929139323002020-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10568/131386"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10568/131386", "name": "item", "description": "10568/131386", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10568/131386"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.12556/RUL-134801", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-23", "title": "Impact of Sustainable Land Management Practices on Soil Properties: Example of Organic and Integrated Agricultural Management", "description": "

Maintaining good soil quality is crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the visual soil assessment (VSA) method by testing it on two soil types and two agricultural management practices (AMP) (organic and integrated) that are considered to protect soil quality. We selected two farms with plots on two river terraces with different soil properties. The test was based on the modified method Annual Crops Visual Quality Assessment developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and supported by a standardized soil physical and chemical analysis. This study showed that the assessed score is highly dependent on the type of farming practice and how soils are managed. The soil type also plays an important role. The results for Calcaric Fluvisol showed that the effects of selected agricultural management practices on the visual assessment of soil quality could be almost undetectable. The time of assessment also plays a significant role in VSA scoring. Different crops and agricultural activities with significant impacts on the soil occur throughout the year (especially in vegetable production). It was observed that a higher score for the soil cover indicator had a beneficial effect on the total VSA rating.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "kmetijska praksa", "S", "land management", "visual assessment", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "organsko kmetijstvo", "15. Life on land", "sonaravno kmetijstvo", "12. Responsible consumption", "trajnostno kmetijstvo", "integrirana pridelava", "agricultural management practice", "organic farming", "vizualna ocena", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "integrated farming", "kakovost tal", "upravljanje zemlji\u0161\u010d", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/631.4"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/8/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/8/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.12556/RUL-134801"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.12556/RUL-134801", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.12556/RUL-134801", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.12556/RUL-134801"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3211325926", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-22", "title": "The Effects of Crops Together with Winter Cover Crops on the Content of Soil Water-Stable Aggregates in Organic Farming", "description": "

The stability of the soil aggregates is an important soil quality indicator, as it affects the soil\u2019s overall functionality. As the soil aggregates are highly affected by agricultural practices, it is essential to know how crops interact with the aggregation process. Therefore, for obtaining more knowledge, this research was conducted in Estonia in an organic crop rotation field experiment from 2012/2013 through 2015/2016 to study the effects of crops (potato \u2192 spring barley undersown with red clover \u2192 red clover \u2192 winter wheat \u2192 pea) under different treatments (TC\u2014control; TW\u2014winter cover crops; TW+M\u2014TW with farmyard manure 40 Mg ha\u22121 per crop rotation). The results showed that in the topsoil (5\u201310 cm), the soil water-stable aggregate (WSA) content (determined by the wet sieving method) from highest to lowest was following: pea (61.7%), winter wheat (61.6%), spring barley (61.5%), red clover (59.3%), potato (57.1%); whereas in the subsoil (30\u201335 cm): potato (50.6%), pea (48.5%), red clover (47.9%), spring barley (47.7%), winter wheat (46.4%). Therefore, potato was a noticeable crop, as among the crops, it had the lowest WSA content in the topsoil, while highest in the subsoil. The results shown gave an assumption that the after-effects of some crops (foremost with pea) were noticeable in the soil properties during the following crop. In the topsoil, the differences between crops were significant among crops just for TW and TW+M treatments. In TW, potato was lower than spring barley and winter wheat, but not significantly lower than pea or red clover. In the subsoil, significant differences between crops were observed for TC and TW treatments: in TC, potato was just significantly greater than red clover (but similar to other crops), and in TW, significantly greater than winter wheat. Furthermore, in the topsoil the soil organic carbon (SOC) content was not significantly affected by crops, and the use of winter cover crops generally increased the SOC content while concurrently decreased the WSA content and the soil maximum water holding capacity. This was probably caused by the additional tillage operations which cancelled out the possible benefits for the soil aggregates. As a consequence of the constantly declining SOC content, caused by the weakened soil aggregates, the plant-available P and K contents, especially in the absence of manure applications, decreased as well, probably due to the combination of fixation and removal of plant biomass. Therefore, it is expected that by continuing this trend, the plant growing conditions decline, which in turn will have a negative effect for the aggregate formation and carbon sequestration, which are essential for plant growth.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "winter cover crops", "15. Life on land", "aggregate stability", "maximum water holding capacity", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1035/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3211325926"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3211325926", "name": "item", "description": "3211325926", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3211325926"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39587320", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:28:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-26", "title": "Wheat field earthworms under divergent farming systems across a European climate gradient", "description": "Abstract

Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.