Elevated CO2 and temperature strongly affect crop production, but understanding of the crop response to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions is still limited while data are scarce. We grew wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched up to 500\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff932.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) in free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems and carried out a detailed growth and yield component analysis during two growing seasons for both crops. An increase in CO2 resulted in higher grain yield, whereas an increase in temperature reduced grain yield, in both crops. An increase in CO2 was unable to compensate for the negative impact of an increase in temperature on biomass and yield of wheat and rice. Yields of wheat and rice were decreased by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% and 17\uffe2\uff80\uff9335%, respectively, under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature. The number of filled grains per unit area was the most important yield component accounting for the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature in wheat and rice. Our data showed complex treatment effects on the interplay between preheading duration, nitrogen uptake, tillering, leaf area index, and radiation\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency, and thus on yield components and yield. Nitrogen uptake before heading was crucial in minimizing yield loss due to climate change in both crops. For rice, however, a breeding strategy to increase grain number per m2 and % filled grains (or to reduce spikelet sterility) at high temperature is also required to prevent yield reduction under conditions of global change.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Photosynthesis parameters", "Temperature", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant nitrogen status", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plant Components", " Aerial", "15. Life on land", "Radiation-use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Yield components", "Free-air CO enrichment", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza sativa L.", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "Triticum aestivum L.", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-20", "title": "Novel functions of the root barrier to radial oxygen loss \u2013 radial diffusion resistance to H2 and water vapour", "description": "Summary
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.
We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).
The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.
Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.
We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).
The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.
Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.