{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic soil surveys across Flanders", "description": "This dataset contains geospatial data of organic soils in wetlands and valleys across the Flemish region (Belgium). It is a compilation of several surveys, mainly commissioned by Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos (ANB), Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM) and Natuurpunt to map the presence of shallow organic soil layers for conservation purposes. Organic layer depth was mapped by pushing a (pvc) rod into the organic ground until it hits a resistance or mineral layer, then recording the depth and the geographical position with a handheld gps.\u00a0This method allows a quick and cost-effective survey of large shallow carbon stocks. At several locations additional auger boring sample data and electrical conductivity-probe sample data was included in the dataset.Since the majority of the samples were not analysed on carbon content, soils were defined as 'organic soils'.Dataset maintained by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest/INBO For any inquiries, please contact Tom.dedobbelaer@inbo.be or Cecile.herr@inbo.be. The .csv will be updated as required to correct issues or to add data from additional surveys. Please check for updated versions periodically. Data description location: inventory location name year: year of survey Sample_ID: Point-ID given during survey, not unique Unique_ID: Unique point-ID created for this dataset EPSG_31370_X: X-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter EPSG_31370_Y: Y-coordinaat in EPSG 31370 (Lambert72), rounded to the closest meter stratigraphy: stratigraphy of the organic layer (near surface, substrate) organic_layer_notation: indicates if depth is a value or within a range organic_layer_depth: depth of the organic layer, measured from surface level (in cm) sign: certain surveys mention a sign indicating if the actual depth is equal to or bigger then the given depth (e.g. when the measuring rod is too short or damaged during a survey) method: method used to define organic layer depth source: indicates the source of the data, it can be original field data or derived data from a map. comment_soil: field comment given during survey (in Dutch) contractor: contractor of the survey awarding authority: commissioner of the survey", "keywords": ["carbon stock", "Flanders", "peatland", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "organic soil", "wetlands"], "contacts": [{"organization": "De Dobbelaer, Tom, Herr, C\u00e9cile, De Becker, Piet, Van Ballaer, Siege,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10179987", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10179987"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-18", "title": "Soil GHG dynamics after water level rise \u2013 Impacts of selection harvesting in peatland forests", "description": "Managed boreal peatlands are widespread and economically important, but they are a large source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Peatland GHG emissions are related to soil water-table level (WT), which controls the vertical distribution of aerobic and anaerobic processes and, consequently, sinks and sources of GHGs in soils. On forested peatlands, selection harvesting reduces stand evapotranspiration and it has been suggested that the resulting WT rise decreases soil net emissions, while the tree growth is maintained. We monitored soil concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O and O2 by depth down to 80\u00a0cm, and CO2 and CH4 fluxes from soil in two nutrient-rich Norway spruce dominated peatlands in Southern Finland to examine the responses of soil GHG dynamics to WT rise. Selection harvesting raised WT by 14\u00a0cm on both sites, on average, mean WTs of the monitoring period being 73\u00a0cm for unharvested control and 59\u00a0cm for selection harvest. All soil gas concentrations were associated with proximity to WT. Both CH4 and CO2 showed remarkable vertical concentration gradients, with high values in the deepest layer, likely due to slow gas transfer in wet peat. CH4 was efficiently consumed in peat layers near and above WT where it reached sub-atmospheric concentrations, indicating sustained oxidation of CH4 from both atmospheric and deeper soil origins also after harvesting. Based on soil gas concentration data, surface peat (top 25/30\u00a0cm layer) contributed most to the soil-atmosphere CO2 fluxes and harvesting slightly increased the CO2 source in deeper soil (below 45/50\u00a0cm), which could explain the small CO2 flux differences between treatments. N2O production occurred above WT, and it was unaffected by harvesting. Overall, the WT rise obtained with selection harvesting was not sufficient to reduce soil GHG emissions, but additional hydrological regulation would have been needed.", "keywords": ["550", "218 Environmental engineering", "Forestry", "216", "15. Life on land", "Soil greenhouse gas emissions", "ta4112", "Continuous cover forestry", "13. Climate action", "218", "Gradient method", "216 Materials engineering", "11. Sustainability", "Peatland hydrology", "Norway spruce mire", "Climate smart forestry"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-25", "title": "How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? \u2013 A review", "description": "The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that canmitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential.Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogenfertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linkingprocesses of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Peatland hydrology management", "CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION", "WOOD ASH APPLICATION", "530", "Greenhouse gas", "SITE PREPARATION", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "BELOW-GROUND CARBON", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "PONDEROSA PINE", "GE", "PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "004", "Forest fertilization", "Harvesting practices", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Forest fire management", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Forest soil carbon management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-021-00759-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-26", "title": "How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.\u00a060\u00a0cm. The input data consisted of 3.5 million point observations and 188 feature rasters from various sources. We carefully split the reference data into training and test sets, allowing for independent and robust model validation. Feature selection included an initial screening for multicollinearity using correlation-based feature pruning, followed by final selection using a genetic algorithm. Feature importance was evaluated using permutation importance and SHAP values. The resulting models utilized 26\u201333 features, achieving overall accuracies and F1-scores between 86\u201395\u00a0% and 0.82\u20130.95, respectively. The most important features included soil wetness indices, terrain roughness indices, and natural gamma radiation. Additionally, we provided an approach for evaluating spatial prediction uncertainty based on the models\u2019 internal prediction agreement. Compared to existing superficial deposit maps, our peat predictions significantly improve the spatial detail of peatlands at the national level, offering new opportunities for land use planning and emission mitigation. Our exceptionally comprehensive approach is broadly applicable, offering new insights into optimizing machine learning-based digital peatland mapping, particularly through refining feature selection to account for local conditions and enhance prediction accuracy.", "keywords": ["550", "Peatland", "Science", "Peat thickness", "Q", "Remote sensing", "630", "remote sensing", "machine learning", "Digital soil mapping", "Machine learning", "Feature selection", "Nation-wide dataset", "Uncertainty quantification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Seasonal Variations In Decomposition Processes In A Valley-Bottom Riparian Peatland", "description": "A year-long field survey was carried out at a valley-bottom riparian peatland site in North Wales, UK from January 2002 to December 2002 to examine the seasonal variation of decomposition processes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Peat temperature, physicochemistry, organic carbon pools, basal CO(2) respiration and extracellular enzyme activities (beta-glucosidase, phosphatase, sulphatase and phenol oxidase) were monitored monthly. The results of a principle component eigenanalysis of field data show that concentrations of basal CO(2) respiration, soil solution DOC and phenolics were positively correlated to soil temperature (P<0.01, F=12.25; P<0.001, F=59.8; P<0.001, F=141.27) with Q(10) responses of 2.29, 6.42 and 14.42, respectively. Extracellular enzyme activities, however, were more strongly associated with seasonal changes in ion concentrations and did not correspond significantly to temperature alone suggesting limitations attributable to a combination of continuous anaerobiosis and/or the suppressive compounds. Restraints on soil enzyme activities may limit the loss of CO(2) from the microbial community that is dependent on soil enzyme activities for nutrient availability. The seasonal effect of temperature on DOC may be explained by increased plant rhizodeposition and microbial activity. These results do not imply that the long-term increasing trend in DOC export is explainable by temperature increase but suggest that temperature may be a key factor regulating the seasonal variation in DOC concentrations. Thus, seasonal temperature effects on DOC may represent an important component of long-term models of DOC export.", "keywords": ["Wales", "phenolics", "Climate", "beta-Glucosidase", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DOC", "Carbon Dioxide", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "Soil", "Phenols", "13. Climate action", "basal respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Seasons", "Sulfatases", "soil enzymes", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr028624", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-21", "title": "Hydraulic and Physical Properties of Managed and Intact Peatlands: Application of the Van Genuchten\u2010Mualem Models to Peat Soils", "description": "Abstract

Undisturbed peatlands are effective carbon sinks and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic disturbances, especially land drainage, strongly alter peat soil properties and jeopardize the benefits of peatlands. The effects of disturbances should therefore be assessed and predicted. To support accurate modeling, this study determined the physical and hydraulic properties of intact and disturbed peat samples collected from 59 sites (in total 3,073 samples) in Finland and Norway. The bulk density (BD), porosity, and specific yield (Sy) values obtained indicated that the top layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) at agricultural and peat extraction sites was most affected by land use change. The BD in the top layer at agricultural, peat extraction, and forestry sites was 441%, 140%, and 92% higher, respectively, than that of intact peatlands. Porosity decreased with increased BD, but not linearly. Agricultural and peat extraction sites had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity, Sy, and porosity, and the highest BD of the land use options studied. The van Genuchten\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mualem (vGM) soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity (K) models proved to be applicable for the peat soils tested, providing values of SWRC, K, and vGM\uffe2\uff80\uff90parameters (\uffce\uffb1 and n) for peat layers (top, middle and bottom) under different land uses. A decrease in peat soil water content of \uffe2\uff89\uffa510% reduced the unsaturated K values by two orders of magnitude. This unique data set can be used to improve hydrological modeling in peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated catchments and for fuller integration of peat soils into large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale hydrological models.

", "keywords": ["hydrologia", "bogs", "porosity", "peat extraction", "soil water retention curve", "hydraulics", "ta1171", "hydrology", "maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6", "soil", "mets\u00e4talous", "huokoisuus", "Norja", "maatalous", "groundwater", "Suomi", "turpeennosto", "suot", "soils", "turvemaat", "peatlands", "Finland", "turvetuotanto", "hydrauliikka", "agriculture", "maaper\u00e4", "pohjavesi", "Norway", "forestry", "land use", "15. Life on land", "peat soil", "maatalousmaa", "peat production", "6. Clean water", "maalajit", "agricultural land", "ominaisuudet", "13. Climate action", "soil properties", "peatland", "van Genuchten"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028624"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020wr028624", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020wr028624", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020wr028624"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2002gb001886", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-06-16", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2 And N Deposition On Ch4 Emissions From European Mires", "description": "

Methane fluxes were measured at five sites representing oligotrophic peatlands along a European transect. Five study plots were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (560 ppm), and five plots to NH4NO3 (3 or 5 g N yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The CH4 emissions from the control plots correlated in most cases with the soil temperatures. The depth of the water table, the pH, and the DOC, N and SO4 concentrations were only weakly correlated with the CH4 emissions. The elevated CO2 treatment gave nonsignificantly higher CH4 emissions at three sites and lower at two sites. The N treatment resulted in higher methane emissions at three sites (nonsignificant). At one site, the CH4 fluxes of the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment plots were significantly lower than those of the control plots. These results were not in agreement with our hypotheses, nor with the results obtained in some earlier studies. However, the results are consistent with the results of the vegetation analyses, which showed no significant treatment effects on species relationships or biomass production.

", "keywords": ["northern peatlands", "methane emissions", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "forest soils", "nitrogen deposition", "boreal mire", "13. Climate action", "raised co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "bog vegetation", "water-table", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001886"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2002gb001886", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2002gb001886", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2002gb001886"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-08", "title": "Nutrient Control Of Microbial Carbon Cycling Along An Ombrotrophic-Minerotrophic Peatland Gradient", "description": "

Future climate change and other anthropogenic activities are likely to increase nutrient availability in many peatlands, and it is important to understand how these additional nutrients will influence peatland carbon cycling. We investigated the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on aerobic CH4oxidation, anaerobic carbon mineralization (as CO2and CH4production), and anaerobic nutrient mineralization in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We utilized a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90week laboratory nutrient amendment experiment in conjunction with a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field nutrient fertilization experiment to consider how the relative response to nitrogen and phosphorus differed among these wetlands over the short and long term. Field fertilizations generally increased nutrient availability in the upper 15 cm of peat and resulted in shifts in the vegetation community in each peatland. High nitrogen concentrations inhibited CH4oxidation in bog peat during short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubations; however, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization with lower concentrations of nitrogen stimulated rates of CH4oxidation in bog peat. In contrast, no nitrogen effects on CH4oxidation were observed in the intermediate or rich fen peat. Anaerobic carbon mineralization in bog peat was consistently inhibited by increased phosphorus availability, but similar phosphorus additions had few effects in the intermediate fen and stimulated CH4production and nutrient mineralization in the rich fen. Our results demonstrate that nitrogen and phosphorus are important controls of peatland microbial carbon cycling; however, the role of these nutrients can differ over the short and long term and is strongly mediated by peatland type.

", "keywords": ["Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "2. Zero hunger", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Peatlands", "Biochemistry", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Microbial Carbon Cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-06", "title": "Response Of Peatland Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes To A Water Table Drawdown Experiment", "description": "

Northern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle representing a significant stock of soil carbon and a substantial natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Peatland carbon cycling is affected by water table position which is predicted to be lowered by climate change. Therefore we compared carbon fluxes along a natural peatland microtopographic gradient (control) to an adjacent microtopographic gradient with an experimentally lowered water table (experimental) during three growing seasons to assess the impact of water table drawdown on peatland\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere carbon exchange. Water table drawdown induced peat subsidence and a change in the vegetation community at the experimental site. This limited differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the control and experimental sites resulting in no significant differences between sites after three seasons. However, there was a trend to higher respiration rates and increased productivity in low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying zones (hollows) and this was coincident with increased vegetation cover at these plots. In general, CH4 efflux was reduced at the experimental site, although CH4 efflux from control and experimental hollows remained similar throughout the study. The differential response of carbon cycling to the water table drawdown along the microtopographic gradient resulted in local topographic high zones (hummocks) experiencing a relative increase in global warming potential (GWP) of 152%, while a 70% reduction in GWP was observed at hollows. Thus the distribution and composition of microtopographic elements, or microforms, within a peatland is important for determining how peatland carbon cycling will respond to climate change.

", "keywords": ["climate change", "13. Climate action", "peatland carbon cycling", "water table drawdown", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002715"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2006gb002715"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-06", "title": "Peatland Volume Mapping over Resistive Substrates with Airborne Electromagnetic Technology", "description": "Abstract

Despite the importance of peatlands as carbon reservoirs, a reliable methodology for the detection of peat volumes at regional scale is still missing. In this study we explore for the first time the use of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) to detect and quantify peat thickness and extension of two bogs located in Norway, where peat lays over resistive bedrock. Our results show that when calibrated using a small amount of field measurements, AEM can successfully detect peat volume even in less ideal conditions, that is, relatively resistive peat over resistive substrata. We expect the performance of AEM to increase significantly in presence of a conductive substratum without need of calibration with field data. The organic carbon content retrieved from field surveys and laboratory analyses combined with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90D model of the peat extracted from AEM allowed us to quantify the total organic carbon of the selected bogs, hence assessing the carbon pool.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "CRESCENDO", " Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie action", " peatlands", " peat samples", " peat thickness", " Norway", " bogs", " Airborne Electromagnetics", " SkyTEM", " organic carbon content", " carbon pool", "Airborne electromagnetic; organic carbon; peat thickness; peatlands", " Marie Curie fellowship", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/717338/1/Silvestri_et_al-2019-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-26", "title": "Iron-Mediated Soil Carbon Response To Water-Table Decline In An Alpine Wetland", "description": "Abstract

The tremendous reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands is being threatened by water-table decline (WTD) globally. However, the SOC response to WTD remains highly uncertain. Here we examine the under-investigated role of iron (Fe) in mediating soil enzyme activity and lignin stabilization in a mesocosm WTD experiment in an alpine wetland. In contrast to the classic \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 theory, phenol oxidative activity is mainly controlled by ferrous iron [Fe(II)] and declines with WTD, leading to an accumulation of dissolvable aromatics and a reduced activity of hydrolytic enzyme. Furthermore, using dithionite to remove Fe oxides, we observe a significant increase of Fe-protected lignin phenols in the air-exposed soils. Fe oxidation hence acts as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98iron gate\uffe2\uff80\uff99 against the \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in regulating wetland SOC dynamics under oxygen exposure. This newly recognized mechanism may be key to predicting wetland soil carbon storage with intensified WTD in a changing climate.

", "keywords": ["Composite material", "Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Groundwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Ecology", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "Geology", "Mesocosm", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Materials science", "6. Clean water", "Water table", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ferrous"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/WF16198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-31", "title": "Downward spread of smouldering peat fire: the role of moisture, density and oxygen supply", "description": "

Smouldering fires in peatland are different from the flames in wildland fires. Smouldering peat fire is slow, low-temperature and more persistent, releasing large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere. In this work, we experimentally and computationally investigate the vertical downward spread of smouldering fire in a column of 30cm-tall moss peat under variable moisture content (MC) and bulk density. The measured downward spread rate decreases with depth and wet bulk density, and is ~1cmh\uffe2\uff88\uff921 equivalent to a carbon emission flux of 200 tonnesday\uffe2\uff88\uff921ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. We observe that downward spread increases as MC increases substantially at least inside the range from 10 to 70%, which is not intuitive and goes against the trend observed for the horizontal spread in the same peat. We also conduct one-dimensional computational simulations to successfully reproduce the experimental observations. The analysis shows that the spread rate increases with MC and decreases with density because smouldering spread is controlled by the oxygen supply. The volume of the porous peat expands when absorbing water, which reduces the density of organic matter and decreases the heat release rate. This shows that the widely assumed conclusion that the spread rate of wildfire decreases with MC is not universal when applied to smouldering fires.

", "keywords": ["WILDFIRES", "Science & Technology", "0602 Ecology", "fire spread rate", "Forestry", "BURN", "in-depth spread", "624", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "BIOMASS", "modelling", "COMBUSTION", "IGNITION", "13. Climate action", "DEPTH", "carbon emission", "0705 Forestry Sciences", "peatland", "ORGANIC SOILS", "0502 Environmental Science And Management", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "KINETICS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/WF/pdf/WF16198"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/WF16198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/WF16198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/WF16198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/WF16198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-31540-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-01", "title": "Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon", "description": "Abstract

Soil is the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon and is central for climate change mitigation and carbon-climate feedbacks. Chemical and physical associations of soil carbon with minerals play a critical role in carbon storage, but the amount and global capacity for storage in this form remain unquantified. Here, we produce spatially-resolved global estimates of mineral-associated organic carbon stocks and carbon-storage capacity by analyzing 1144 globally-distributed soil profiles. We show that current stocks total 899 Pg C to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m in non-permafrost mineral soils. Although this constitutes 66% and 70% of soil carbon in surface and deeper layers, respectively, it is only 42% and 21% of the mineralogical capacity. Regions under agricultural management and deeper soil layers show the largest undersaturation of mineral-associated carbon. Critically, the degree of undersaturation indicates sequestration efficiency over years to decades. We show that, across 103 carbon-accrual measurements spanning management interventions globally, soils furthest from their mineralogical capacity are more effective at accruing carbon; sequestration rates average 3-times higher in soils at one tenth of their capacity compared to soils at one half of their capacity. Our findings provide insights into the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s soils, their capacity to store carbon, and priority regions and actions for soil carbon management.Land-based mitigation measures are needed to achieve climate targets. One option is the mitigation of currently high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of nutrient-rich drained peatland forest soils. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) has been proposed as a measure to manage this GHG emission source; however, its emission reduction potential and impact on timber production at regional and national scales have not been quantified. To quantify the potential emission reduction, we simulated four management scenarios for Finnish forests: (i) The replacement of clear-cutting by selection harvesting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (CCF) and (ii) the current forest management regime (BAU), and both at two harvest levels, namely (i) the mean annual harvesting (2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and (ii) the maximum sustainable yield. The simulations were conducted at the stand scale with a forest simulator (MELA) coupled with a hydrological model (SpaFHy), soil C model (Yasso07) and empirical GHG exchange models. Simulations showed that the management scenario that avoided clear-cutting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (i.e. CCF) produced approximately 1 Tg CO2 eq. higher carbon sinks annually compared with BAU at equal harvest level for Finland. This emission reduction can be attributed to the maintenance of a higher biomass sink and to the mitigation of soil emissions from nutrient-rich drained peatland sites.Forest soils contain a large amount of organic carbon and contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, we still have a poor understanding of what nutrients limit soil microbial metabolism that drives soil carbon release across the range of boreal to tropical forests. Here we used ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods to investigate the patterns of microbial nutrient limitations within soil profiles (organic, eluvial and parent material horizons) across 181 forest sites throughout China. Results show that, in 80% of these forests, soil microbes were limited by phosphorus availability. Microbial phosphorus limitation increased with soil depth and from boreal to tropical forests as ecosystems become wetter, warmer, more productive, and is affected by anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. We also observed an unexpected shift in the latitudinal pattern of microbial phosphorus limitation with the lowest phosphorus limitation in the warm temperate zone (41-42\uffc2\uffb0N). Our study highlights the importance of soil phosphorus limitation to restoring forests and predicting their carbon sinks.The application of water, or water mixed with suppressants, to combat wildfires is one of the most common firefighting methods but is rarely studied for smouldering peat wildfire, which is the largest type of fire worldwide in term of fuel consumption. We performed experiments by spraying suppressant to the top of a burning peat sample inside a reactor. A plant-based wetting agent suppressant was mixed with water at three concentrations: 0% (pure water), 1% (low concentration), and 5% (high concentration), and delivered with varying flowrates. The results showed that suppression time decreased non-linearly with flow rate. The average suppression time for the low-concentration solution was 39% lower than with just water, while the high-concentration solution reduced suppression time by 26%. The volume of fluid that contributes to the suppression of peat in our experiments is fairly constant at 5.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89L kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 peat despite changes in flow rate and suppressant concentration. This constant volume suggests that suppression time is the duration needed to flood the peat layer and that the suppressant acts thermally and not chemically. The results provide a better understanding of the suppression mechanism of peat fires and can improve firefighting and mitigation strategies.

", "keywords": ["wetting", "Science & Technology", "550", "experiment", "smouldering", "0602 Ecology", "firefighting", "Forestry", "02 engineering and technology", "suppression", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0201 civil engineering", "mitigation", "13. Climate action", "0705 Forestry Sciences", "peatland", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/wf20117"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/wf20117", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/wf20117", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/wf20117"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale", "description": "Abstract

Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that \uffe2\uff88\uffbc19.12%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.This study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) and ammonium (NH4+), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH4+ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and NH4+ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.

", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "Whim bog", "substrate-induced respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "title": "High Nitrogen Deposition Alters The Decomposition Of Bog Plant Litter And Reduces Carbon Accumulation", "description": "Abstract

Bogs are globally important sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) due to the accumulation of partially decomposed litter that forms peat. Because bogs receive their nutrients from the atmosphere, the world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide increase of nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to affect litter decomposition and, ultimately, the rate of C accumulation. However, the mechanism of such biogeochemical alteration remains unclear and quantification of the effect of N addition on litter accumulation has yet to be done. Here, we show that 7\uffc2\uffa0years of N addition to a bog decreased the C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio, increased the bacterial biomass and stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in surface peat. Furthermore, N addition modified nutrient limitation of microbes during litter decomposition so that phosphorus became a primary limiting nutrient. Alteration of N release from decomposing litter affected bog water chemistry and the competitive balance between peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses and vascular plants. We estimate that deposition of about 4 g\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 will cause a mean annual reduction of fresh litter C accumulation of about 40\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 primarily as a consequence of decreased litter production from peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses. Our findings show that N deposition interacts with both above and below ground components of biodiversity to threaten the ability of bogs to act as N\uffe2\uff80\uff90sinks, which may offset the positive effects of N on C accumulation seen in other ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["570", "Decomposition; litter accumulation modelling; microbial diversity; peatland; primary production; soil enzymatic activity; Sphagnum; vascular plants", "decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "litter accumulation modelling", "soil enzymatic activity", "15. Life on land", "S phagnum", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "vascular plants", "primary production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.19450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-30", "title": "A step forward in fungal biomass estimation \u2013 a new protocol for more precise measurements of soil ergosterol with liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry and comparison of extraction methods", "description": "Significant differences between ergosterol protocols and their yield call for harmonization of methodologies. We propose an extraction protocol with KOH in methanol with cyclohexane for liquid\u2013liquid extraction. The novel LC\u2013MS method proved to be superior to the HPLC-UV method for soil samples because of the higher quality of the peaks and the possibility of following peak purity. Moreover, the LC\u2013MS method has 10 times lower detection limit than that of HPLC-UV.", "keywords": ["Soil", "selected ion recording", "Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "Ergosterol", "mineral soil", "ta1182", "Fungi", "ergosterol fragmentation", "Biomass", "540", "forest soil", "peatlands", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.19450"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19450"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.19450", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.19450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.19450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18798", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-08", "title": "Plant phenology and species\u2010specific traits control plant CH4 emissions in a northern boreal fen", "description": "Summary

Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain.

We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water\uffe2\uff80\uff90table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration.

CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.36\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89l\uffe2\uff88\uff921)\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species.

Knowledge of the species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.

Draining peatlands for forestry in the northern hemisphere turns their soils from carbon sinks to substantial sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). To reverse this trend, rewetting has been proposed as a climate change mitigation strategy. We performed a literature review to assess the empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that rewetting drained forested peatlands can turn them back into carbon sinks. We also used causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to synthesize the current knowledge of how water table management affects GHG emissions in organic soils. We found an increasing number of studies from the last decade comparing GHG emissions from rewetted, previously forested peatlands, with forested or pristine peatlands. However, comparative field studies usually report relatively short time series following rewetting experiments (e.g., 3\uffc2\uffa0years of measurements and around 10\uffc2\uffa0years after rewetting). Empirical evidence shows that rewetting leads to lower GHG emissions from soils. However, reports of carbon sinks in rewetted systems are scarce in the reviewed literature. Moreover, CH4 emissions in rewetted peatlands are commonly reported to be higher than in pristine peatlands. Long-term water table changes associated with rewetting lead to a cascade of effects in different processes regulating GHG emissions. The water table level affects litterfall quantity and quality by altering the plant community; it also affects organic matter breakdown rates, carbon and nitrogen mineralization pathways and rates, as well as gas transport mechanisms. Finally, we conceptualized three phases of restoration following the rewetting of previously drained and forested peatlands, we described the time dependent responses of soil, vegetation and GHG emissions to rewetting, concluding that while short-term gains in the GHG balance can be minimal, the long-term potential of restoring drained peatlands through rewetting remains promising.

Globally, annual emissions from managed organic soils accounts for up to 5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Climate-wise management and restoration of degraded organic soils could reduce GHG emissions quickly and at relatively low costs. The European Union (EU) Member States that have large areas of organic soils with high GHG emissions are Sweden, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Netherlands, and the Baltic countries. To meet the climate targets and objectives of the Paris Agreement the land-use sector is indispensable and mitigation policies targeting organic soils will be needed. The international regulatory framework is broad and quite unspecific. In contrast, the European Union has initiated binding regulation for the land-use sector through the EU Climate Law, the EU LULUCF regulation, and the proposed EU Nature Restoration Law. However, even this regulatory approach is not on track to deliver on its binding ambitions, indicating the need for more effective implementation measures also on organic soils in the EU and its member states. Furthermore, we argue that appropriate policy selection should consider current knowledge regarding the climate impacts of management options of organic soils. Lastly, we need more studies on GHG emissions, and standardized methods for GHG inventories, to resolve uncertainties surrounding the impacts of management to GHG emissions. Successful policy implementation requires more efforts but also improved scientific justification through continuous consideration of climate policy integrity and strengthening of the reliability of GHG inventories.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "330", "forest management", "organic soils", "land use", "climate policy", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Environmental sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "deforestation", "GE1-350", "carbon sink and source", "peatland restoration and management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1354695"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2024.1354695", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2024.1354695", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1354695"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.926nd", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Do plant traits explain tree seedling survival in bogs?", "description": "unspecifiedSeedlingtraitdataexperiment2Experiment 2 Morphological traits were assessed independently of Experiment 1. We grew tree seedlings under optimal conditions by planting pre-grown 4 weeks old tree seedlings ( see plant material) into the center of a (10 cm wide) pot, using a density of one seedling per pot. The pots were filled with sterilized organic soil, watered daily and kept under the same glasshouse light and humidity conditions as Experiment 1. Pots were arranged in five replicated blocks. Both the blocks and the pots within a block were randomly moved once a week. For more information on columnheadings see Table 1 in the associated MSMotherfile.xlsTraitsandsurvivalTraits assessed in Experiment 2 were used to relate to seedling survival in Experiment 1. This file contains trait data from experiment 2 and seedling survival of seven conifer species in experiment 1 kept under contrasting moisture conditions (Dry, Wet)traitsandsurvival.xlsxTraitplasticityseedlingsmosssoilTo assess the plasticity of the morphological traits, we compared the morphological traits based on seedlings from Experiment 2 (grown on soil) with values measured on seedlings in Experiment 1 under contrasting moisture conditionsTraitflexibilitymosssoil.xlsxgerminationTo assess germination, we introduced seeds to Experiment 1 in the third week, corresponding to the time when pot water contents had stabilized. Three seeds were placed around the seedling of the same species, on the capitulum of a moss individual, using 3 x 140 = 420 seeds in total. Germination was checked twice a week until harvest, 5 weeks later. We considered a seed germinated when the integument had broken and a \u2018shoot\u2019 of at least 1 mm had emerged from the seed.Mossgrowth and seedling performanceThe file contains growth and survival of seedlings grown on moss in experiment 1 as well as the moss growth itselfRelatie tussen mosgroei en seedling performance.xlsx", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "(Pinus sylvestris L.", "tree encroachment", "Holocene", "mires", "Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carri\u00e8re", "15. Life on land", "Pinus sylvestris L.", "Picea rubens Sarg.", "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss", "Bogs", "Pinus banksiana Lamb", "Seedlings", "Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)", "Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton", "Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton Sterns & Poggenb.", "Sterns & Poggenb.", "peatlands", "Pinus nigra Arnold"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Limpens, Juul, van Egmond, Emily, Li, Bingxi, Holmgren, Milena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.926nd"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.926nd", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.926nd", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.926nd"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.34894/ZHUBQA", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:04Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Replication data for: \"Emerging forest-peatland bi-stability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores\"", "description": "Summary: Peatlands are sensitive ecosystems that store carbon and water and support biodiversity. Currently European peatlands are threatened by climate change and exploitation. With this model, we show that many landscape settings may support both wetland ecosystems on thick peat soils and forest ecosystems on thin organic soils. Both ecosystems have distinctly different water-carbon dynamics that create internal positive feedbacks allowing both ecosystems to co-exist (bistability), but also to shift when critical limits are exceeded. Content: Model scripts in R and input files to run the model for entire Europe. This requires almost 1,000,000 model runs of 1000Y each(5650 locations, 166 runs per location, estimated 1-5 minutes per model run, total output of around 85 Gig., (not included here)", "keywords": ["Earth and Environmental Science", "Peatland", "Resilience", "Peatland", " Water-carbon feedbacks", " Resilience", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Water carbon feedbacks", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Velde, Ype", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.34894/ZHUBQA"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.34894/ZHUBQA", "name": "item", "description": "10.34894/ZHUBQA", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.34894/ZHUBQA"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.48620/90780", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-23", "title": "Warming of Northern Peatlands Increases the Global Temperature Overshoot Challenge", "description": "Meeting the Paris Agreement's temperature goals requires limiting future carbon emissions, yet current policies make temporarily overshooting the 1.5\u00b0C target likely. The potential climate feedback from destabilizing peatlands, storing large amounts of carbon, remains poorly quantified. Using the reduced-complexity Earth System Model OSCAR with an integrated peat carbon module, we found that across various overshoot pathways that temporarily exceed 1.5\u00b0C-2.5\u00b0C, northern peatlands exhibit net positive feedback, amplifying the overshoot challenge. Warming increases peatlands' net carbon uptake, but this is largely offset by higher methane emissions. We estimated that for each 1\u00b0C increase in peak warming, the positive feedback from peatlands decreases the remaining carbon budget by 37 GtCO2 (22-48 GtCO2). If the 1.5\u00b0C temperature target is exceeded, peatlands would increase carbon removal requirement by about 40 GtCO2 (16-60 GtCO2) (8.6%). Our findings highlight the importance of properly accounting for northern peatlands for estimating climate feedbacks, especially under overshoot scenarios.", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "climate change", "northern peatlands", "carbon", "greenhouse gases", "land surface model", "reduced-complexity earth system model", "FairCarboN", "temperature feedback", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Article", "overshoot"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/62739/1/1-s2.0-S2590332225001794-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20730/1/1-s2.0-S2590332225001794-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.48620/90780"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/One%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.48620/90780", "name": "item", "description": "10.48620/90780", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.48620/90780"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Peatland vascular plant functional types affect methane dynamics by altering microbial community structure", "description": "Open Access1. Peatlands are natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas. It is established that peatland methane dynamics are controlled by both biotic and abiotic conditions, yet the interactive effect of these drivers is less studied and consequently poorly understood. 2. Climate change affects the distribution of vascular plant functional types (PFTs) in peatlands. By removing specific PFTs, we assessed their effects on peat organic matter chemistry, microbial community composition and on potential methane production (PMP) and oxidation (PMO) in two microhabitats (lawns and hummocks). 3. Whilst PFT removal only marginally altered the peat organic matter chemistry, we observed considerable changes in microbial community structure. This resulted in altered PMP and PMO. PMP was slightly lower when graminoids were removed, whilst PMO was highest in the absence of both vascular PFTs (graminoids and ericoids), but only in the hummocks. 4. Path analyses demonstrate that different plant\u2013soil interactions drive PMP and PMO in peatlands and that changes in biotic and abiotic factors can have auto-amplifying effects on current CH4 dynamics. 5. Synthesis. Changing environmental conditions will, both directly and indirectly, affect peatland processes, causing unforeseen changes in CH4 dynamics. The resilience of peatland CH4 dynamics to environmental change therefore depends on the interaction between plant community composition and microbial communities.", "keywords": ["methanotrophic communities", "Sphagnum cuspidatum", "Vaccinium oxycoccus", "Andromeda polifolia", "Sphagnum magellanicum", "Eriophorum angustifolium", "Graminoids", "Rhynchospora alba", "Sphagnum spp.", "path analysis", "mid\u2013infrared spectroscopy", "Empetrum nigrum", "Sphagnum rubellum", "CH4", "Holocene", "Ericoids", "Calluna vulgaris", "methanogenesis", "15. Life on land", "Eriophorum vaginatum", "Sphagnum\u2013dominated peatlands", "13. Climate action", "path analysis; Sphagnum magellanicum; Vaccinium oxycoccus; mid\u2013infrared spectroscopy; Graminoids; Plant\u2013soil (below-ground) interactions; Empetrum nigrum; Sphagnum spp.; Eriophorum vaginatum; Calluna vulgaris; methanotrophic communities; methanogenesis; CH4; PLFA; Sphagnum cuspidatum; Sphagnum\u2013dominated peatlands; Rhynchospora alba; Eriophorum angustifolium; Andromeda polifolia; pmoA; Ericoids; Sphagnum rubellum; Erica tetralix; Holocene", "PLFA", "pmoA", "Erica tetralix"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Jassey, Vincent E. J., Kox, Martine A. R., Berendsen, Roeland L., Mills, Robert T. E., C\u00e9cillon, Lauric, Puissant, J\u00e9remy, Meima\u2013Franke, Marion, Bakker, Peter A. H. M., Bodelier, Paul L. E., Meima-Franke, Marion,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3216c"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3216c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.bb28n", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Soil drainage facilitates earthworm invasion and subsequent carbon loss from peatland soil", "description": "unspecifieddata from: Soil drainage facilitates earthworm invasion and subsequent carbon loss from peatland soildataset for both the earthworm response experiment and the primary experimentdataset_JAPE.xlsx", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "1980-2015", "Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", "15. Life on land", "carbon loss", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "C dynamics", "Pheretima aspergillum", "13. Climate action", "peatland", "earthworm", "anthropogenic change", "soil animal", "Zoige peatland", "water table"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wu, Xinwei, Cao, Rui, Wei, Xue, Xi, Xinqiang, Shi, Peili, Eisenhauer, Nico, Sun, Shucun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bb28n"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.bb28n", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.bb28n", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.bb28n"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands", "description": "unspecified# Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx)
2017-2021 Automated chamber (Eosense eosAC) and Picarro G2508 GHG analyzer flux data for CO2, CH4, and N2O from corn, pasture, and alfalfa, and 2018-2021 continuous soil sensing data (oxygen, moisture, and temperature) from corn and alfalfa ## Description of the data and file structure Alfalfa _Chamber, Corn _chamber, and Pasture _chamber flux data tab: Alfalfa: Continuous soil flux measurements from January 2017-February 2021 Corn: Continuous soil flux measurements from July 2017-October 2021 Pasture: Continuous soil flux measurements from April 2019-July 2022 * Chamber * ChamberPressure (kPa) * ChamberTemperature (K) * CO2 flux: CO2 _umol/m2/s * CH4 flux: CH4 _nmol/m2/s * N2O flux: N2O _nmol/m2/s * Site Year Alfalfa, Corn, Soil Sensor Data tab: Measurements at 10, 30, and 50 cm soil depths from October 2018-February 2021 * Temp = Temperature in Celsius * VWC= volumetric water content in m3/m3 * O2 = Oxygen concentration in % * TIMESTAMP: Date and Time * Temp _10cm (C) * Temp _30cm (C) * Temp _50cm (C) * VWC _10cm (m3/m3) * VWC _30cm (m3/m3) * VWC _50cm (m3/m3) * O2 _10cm (%) * O2 _30cm (%) * O2 _50cm (%) NEE: Net Ecosystem Exchange (\u00b5molCO2 m-2 s-1) data can be found in Ameriflux datasets available at URLs below ## Sharing/Access information Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: Was data derived from another source? All Eddy covariance data (Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE)) from Ameriflux tower sites. If yes, list source(s): https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-Bi1 https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-Bi1 https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-Snf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "hot moments", "greenhouse gas fluxes", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption", "hot spots", "agricultural peatlands", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "soil fluxes", "Methane", "peatlands"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Anthony, Tyler", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmnx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-18", "title": "Effects Of Belowground Litter Addition, Increased Precipitation And Clipping On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "

Abstract. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are sensitive to changes in environmental factors and play critical roles in the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of belowground particulate litter (BPL) addition, increased precipitation and their interactions on soil C and N mineralization in two adjacent sites where belowground photosynthate allocation was manipulated through vegetation clipping in a temperate steppe of northeastern China from 2010 to 2011. The results show that BPL addition significantly increase soil C mineralization rate (CMR) and net N mineralization rate (NMR). Although increased precipitation-induced enhancement of soil CMR essentially ceased after the first year, stimulation of soil NMR and net nitrification rate continued into the second year. Clipping only marginally decreased soil CMR and NMR during the two years. There were significant synergistic interactions between BPL addition (and increased precipitation) and clipping on soil CMR and NMR, likely to reflect shifts in soil microbial community structure and a decrease in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomass due to the reduction of belowground photosynthate allocation. These results highlight the importance of plants in mediating the responses of soil C and N mineralization to potentially increased BPL and precipitation by controlling belowground photosynthate allocation in the temperate steppe.

", "keywords": ["Soil Degradation", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Nitrogen cycle", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Steppe", "Ecology", "Geography", "Mineralization (soil science)", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Nitrification", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liang Ma, Chuanyu Guo, Xiaoping Xin, S. Yuan, R. Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-10-7361-2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-12-5537-2015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-29", "title": "Responses Of Soil Microbial Communities And Enzyme Activities To Nitrogen And Phosphorus Additions In Chinese Fir Plantations Of Subtropical China", "description": "

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions to forest ecosystems are known to influence various above-ground properties, such as plant productivity and composition, and below-ground properties, such as soil nutrient cycling. However, our understanding of how soil microbial communities and their functions respond to nutrient additions in subtropical plantations is still not complete. In this study, we added N and P to Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China to examine how nutrient additions influenced soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities. The results showed that most soil microbial properties were responsive to N and/or P additions, but responses often varied depending on the nutrient added and the quantity added. For instance, there were more than 30 % greater increases in the activities of \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase (\uffce\uffb2G) and N-acetyl-\uffce\uffb2-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the treatments that received nutrient additions compared to the control plot, whereas acid phosphatase (aP) activity was always higher (57 and 71 %, respectively) in the P treatment. N and P additions greatly enhanced the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) abundance especially in the N2P (100 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of N +50 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of P) treatment; the bacterial PLFAs (bacPLFAs), fungal PLFAs (funPLFAs) and actinomycic PLFAs (actPLFAs) were about 2.5, 3 and 4 times higher, respectively, than in the CK (control). Soil enzyme activities were noticeably higher in November than in July, mainly due to seasonal differences in soil moisture content (SMC). \uffce\uffb2G or NAG activities were significantly and positively correlated with microbial PLFAs. These findings indicate that \uffce\uffb2G and NAG would be useful tools for assessing the biogeochemical transformation and metabolic activity of soil microbes. We recommend combined additions of N and P fertilizer to promote soil fertility and microbial activity in this kind of plantation.

", "keywords": ["Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Microbial population biology", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Biochemistry", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "Genetics", "Environmental Chemistry", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Nutrient Cycling", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Phos", "Subtropics", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Animal science", "Nutrient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenyi Dong, X. Y. Zhang, X. Y. Liu, Xiaoli Fu, F. S. Chen, H. M. Wang, Xiaoming Sun, Xuefa Wen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5537-2015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-12-5537-2015", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-12-5537-2015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-12-5537-2015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-02", "title": "Pore network modeling as a new tool for determining gas diffusivity in peat", "description": "

Abstract. Peatlands are globally significant carbon stocks and may become major sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide and methane in a changing climate and under anthropogenic management pressure. Diffusion is the dominant gas transport mechanism in peat; therefore, a proper knowledge of the soil gas diffusion coefficient is important for the estimation of GHG emissions from peatlands. Pore network modeling (PNM) is a potential tool for the determination of gas diffusivity in peat, as it explicitly connects the peat microstructure and the characteristics of the peat pore network to macroscopic gas transport properties. In the present work, we extracted macropore networks from three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (\u00b5CT) images of peat samples and simulated gas diffusion in these networks using PNM. These results were compared to the soil gas diffusion coefficients determined from the same samples in the laboratory using the diffusion chamber method. The measurements and simulations were conducted for peat samples from three depths. The soil gas diffusion coefficients were determined under varying water contents adjusted in a pressure plate apparatus. We also assessed the applicability of commonly used gas diffusivity models to peat. The laboratory measurements showed a decrease in gas diffusivity with depth due to a decrease in air-filled porosity and pore space connectivity. However, gas diffusivity was not extremely low close to saturation, which may indicate that the structure of the macropore network is such that it enables the presence of connected diffusion pathways through the peat matrix, even in wet conditions. The traditional gas diffusivity models were not very successful in predicting the soil gas diffusion coefficient. This may indicate that the microstructure of peat differs considerably from the structure of mineral soils and other kinds of porous materials for which these models have been constructed and calibrated. By contrast, the pore network simulations reproduced the laboratory-determined soil gas diffusion coefficients rather well. Thus, the combination of the \u00b5CT and PNM methods may offer a promising alternative to the traditional estimation of soil gas diffusivity through laboratory measurements.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "POROUS-MEDIA", "FLOW", "GASEOUS-DIFFUSION", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES", "SOIL", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "METHANE", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "NORTHERN PEATLANDS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COEFFICIENT", "EMISSIONS", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-20", "title": "Peat macropore networks \u2013 new insights into episodic and hotspot methane emission", "description": "

Abstract. Peatlands are important natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions. The emissions are strongly influenced by the diffusion of oxygen into the soil and of CH4 from the soil to the atmosphere. This diffusion, in turn, is controlled by the structure of macropore networks. The characterization of peat pore structure and connectivity through complex network theory approaches can give insight into how the relationship between the microscale pore space properties and CH4 emissions on a macroscopic scale is shaped. The formation of anaerobic pockets, which are local hotspots of CH4 production in unsaturated peat, can also be conceptualized through a pore network approach. In this study, we extracted interconnecting macropore networks from three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (\u00b5CT) images of peat samples and evaluated local and global connectivity metrics for the networks. We also simulated the water retention characteristics of the peat samples using a pore network modeling approach and compared the simulation results with measured water retention characteristics. The results showed large differences in peat macropore structure and pore network connectivity between vertical soil layers. The macropore space was more connected and the flow paths through the peat matrix were less tortuous near the soil surface than at deeper depths. In addition, macroporosity, structural anisotropy, and average pore throat diameter decreased with depth. Narrower and more winding air-filled diffusion channels may reduce the rate of CH4 transport as the distance from the peat layer to the soil\u2013air interface increases. Hysteresis was found to affect the evolution of the volume of connected air-filled pore space in unsaturated peat. Thus, the formation of anaerobic pockets may occur in a smaller soil volume and methanogenesis may be slower when the peat is wetting compared to drying conditions. This hysteretic behavior should be taken into account in biogeochemical models to explain the hotspots and episodic spikes of CH4 emissions. The network analysis also suggests that both local and global network connectivity metrics, such as the network average clustering coefficient and closeness centrality, might serve as proxies for assessing the efficiency of CH4 diffusion in air-filled pore networks. However, the applicability of the network metrics was restricted to the high-porosity near-surface layer. The spatial extent and global continuity of the pore network and the spatial distribution of the pores may be reflected in different network metrics in contrasting ways.

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY", "DRAINAGE", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "Life", "QH501-531", "peatlands", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "PORE-SIZE", "FEN", "Ecology", "methane", "pore network", "HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY", "Forestry", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TRANSPORT", "Environmental sciences", "SOIL", "13. Climate action", "NORTHERN PEATLANDS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/1959/2022/bg-19-1959-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2021-259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-27", "title": "GOLUM-CNP v1.0: a data-driven modeling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in major terrestrial biomes", "description": "

Abstract. Global terrestrial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are coupled to the global carbon (C) cycle for net primary production (NPP), plant C allocation, and decomposition of soil organic matter, but N and P have distinct pathways of inputs and losses. Current C-nutrient models exhibit large uncertainties in their estimates of pool sizes, fluxes, and turnover rates of nutrients, due to a lack of consistent global data for evaluating the models. In this study, we present a new model\u2013data fusion framework called the Global Observation-based Land-ecosystems Utilization Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (GOLUM-CNP) that combines the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) data-constrained C-cycle analysis with spatially explicit data-driven estimates of N and P inputs and losses and with observed stoichiometric ratios. We calculated the steady-state N- and P-pool sizes and fluxes globally for large biomes. Our study showed that new N inputs from biological fixation and deposition supplied >20\u2009% of total plant uptake in most forest ecosystems but accounted for smaller fractions in boreal forests and grasslands. New P inputs from atmospheric deposition and rock weathering supplied a much smaller fraction of total plant uptake than new N inputs, indicating the importance of internal P recycling within ecosystems to support plant growth. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to plant nutrient uptake, were diagnosed from our model results and compared between biomes. Tropical forests had the lowest N-use efficiency and the highest P-use efficiency of the forest biomes. An analysis of sensitivity and uncertainty indicated that the NPP-allocation fractions to leaves, roots, and wood contributed the most to the uncertainties in the estimates of nutrient-use efficiencies. Correcting for biases in NPP-allocation fractions produced more plausible gradients of N- and P-use efficiencies from tropical to boreal ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of accurate measurements of C allocation for understanding the N and P cycles.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Deposition (geology)", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Biome", "Taiga", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Primary production", "Nutrient Cycling", "Life Sciences", "Phosphorus", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "Nitrogen Cycle", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "environment", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "New production", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Paleontology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Phytoplankton", "Sediment", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/3903/2018/gmd-11-3903-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Open AccessThis study was developed as part of the International Research Training Group (GRK 2309/1) Geo-ecosystems in transition on the Tibetan Plateau' (TransTiP) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).", "keywords": ["Radiocarbon (14C)", "Age", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "Transit time", "Peatland", "Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP)", "Incubation", "Grassland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tangarife-Escobar, Andres, Guggenberger, Georg, Feng, Xiaojuan, Dai, Guohua, Urbina-Malo, Carolina, Azizi-Rad, Mina, Sierra, Carlos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10537332"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10537332", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10537332"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14034735", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:30Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Rewetting of drained peatlands provides permanent and fast GHG mitigation. EJP Soil Policy brief.", "description": "Summary for Policy brief Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from drained peatlands are >100 Mt CO2 eq. annually in EU. In rewetting, water level is raised to mitigate emissions of CO2 and N2O from peat decomposition. Paludiculture is the practice of rewetting coupled with crop biomass harvest. Studies on paludiculture at selected sites showed: Raising the water table decreases peat decomposition, It is difficult to reach net carbon (C) sequestration, Biomass harvest does not necessarily compromise improvement in the C balance, High range of N2O emissions (from minor to high), Moderate CH4 emissions.", "keywords": ["ground water table", "EJP Soil", "rewetting", "greenhouse gas emissions", "greenhouse gas", "peatland", "paludiculture", "peat soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00e5ng, Kristiina, van de Craats, Dani\u00ebl, Honkanen, Henri, Elsgaard, Lars, Hessel, Rudi, Kekkonen, Hanna, Larmola, Tuula, Leifeld, Jens, L\u00e6rke, Poul Erik, Rodriguez, Andres, Saarnio, Sanna, Zhao, Junbin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14034735"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14034735", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14034735", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14034735"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14391888", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:39Z", "type": "Other", "title": "The effects of peat thickness and water table depth on the CO2 emissions of an agricultural peatland - a process-based modelling approach", "keywords": ["peatland", "process-based modelling", "CO2 emissions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kajasilta, Henri", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14391888"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14391888", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14391888", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14391888"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14917034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:47Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Peatland Decomposition Database (1.1.0)", "description": "1 Introduction The Peatland Decomposition Database (PDD) stores data from published litterbag experiments related to peatlands. Currently, the database focuses on northern peatlands and Sphagnum litter and peat, but it also contains data from some vascular plant litterbag experiments. Currently, the database contains entries from 34 studies, 2,160 litterbag experiments, and 7,297 individual samples with 117,841 measurements for various attributes (e.g.\u00a0relative mass remaining, N content, holocellulose content, mesh size). The aim is to provide a harmonized data source that can be useful to re-analyse existing data and to plan future litterbag experiments. The Peatland Productivity and Decomposition Parameter Database (PPDPD) (Bona et al. 2018) is similar to the Peatland Decomposition Database (PDD) in that both contain data from peatland litterbag experiments. The differences are that both databases partly contain different data, that PPDPD additionally contains information on vegetation productivity, which PDD does not, and that PDD provides more information and metadata on litterbag experiments, and also measurement errors. 2 Updates Compared to version 1.0.0, this version has a new structure for table experimental_design_format, contains additional metadata on the experimental design (these were omitted in version 1.0.0), and contains the scripts that were used to import the data into the database. 3 Methods 3.1 Data collection Data for the database was collected from published litterbag studies, by extracting published data from figures, tables, or other data sources, and by contacting the authors of the studies to obtain raw data. All data processing was done with R (R version 4.2.0 (2022-04-22)) (R Core Team 2022). Studies were identified via a Scopus search with search string (TITLE-ABS-KEY ( peat* AND ( 'litter bag' OR 'decomposition rate' OR 'decay rate' OR 'mass loss')) AND NOT ('tropic*')) (2022-12-17). These studies were further screened to exclude those which do not contain litterbag data or which recycle data from other studies that have already been considered. Additional studies with litterbag experiments in northern peatlands we were aware of, but which were not identified in the literature search were added to the list of publications. For studies not older than 10 years, authors were contacted to obtain raw data, however this was successful only in few cases. To date, the database focuses on Sphagnum litterbag experiments and not from all studies that were identified by the literature search data have been included yet in the database. Data from figures were extracted using the package \u2018metaDigitise\u2019 (1.0.1) (Pick, Nakagawa, and Noble 2018). Data from tables were extracted manually. Data from the following studies are currently included: Farrish and Grigal (1985), Bartsch and Moore (1985), Farrish and Grigal (1988), Vitt (1990), Hogg, Lieffers, and Wein (1992), Sanger, Billett, and Cresser (1994), Hiroki and Watanabe (1996), Szumigalski and Bayley (1996), Prevost, Belleau, and Plamondon (1997), Arp, Cooper, and Stednick (1999), Robbert A. Scheffer and Aerts (2000), R. A. Scheffer, Van Logtestijn, and Verhoeven (2001), Limpens and Berendse (2003), Waddington, Rochefort, and Campeau (2003), Asada, Warner, and Banner (2004), Thormann, Bayley, and Currah (2001), Trinder, Johnson, and Artz (2008), Breeuwer et al. (2008), Trinder, Johnson, and Artz (2009), Bragazza and Iacumin (2009), Hoorens, Stroetenga, and Aerts (2010), Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010), Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2012), Orwin and Ostle (2012), Lieffers (1988), Manninen et al. (2016), Johnson and Damman (1991), Bengtsson, Rydin, and H\u00e1jek (2018a), Bengtsson, Rydin, and H\u00e1jek (2018b), Asada and Warner (2005), Bengtsson, Granath, and Rydin (2017), Bengtsson, Granath, and Rydin (2016), Hagemann and Moroni (2015), Hagemann and Moroni (2016), B. Piatkowski et al. (2021), B. T. Piatkowski et al. (2021), M\u00e4kil\u00e4 et al. (2018), Golovatskaya and Nikonova (2017), Golovatskaya and Nikonova (2017). 4 Database records The database is a \u2018MariaDB\u2019 database and the database schema was designed to store data and metadata following the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) (Jones et al. 2019). Descriptions of the tables are shown in Tab. 1. The database contains general metadata relevant for litterbag experiments (e.g., geographical, temporal, and taxonomic coverage, mesh sizes, experimental design). However, it does not contain a detailed description of sample handling, sample preprocessing methods, site descriptions, because there currently are no discipline-specific metadata and reporting standards. Table 1: Description of the individual tables in the database. Name Description attributes Defines the attributes of the database and the values in column attribute_name in table data. citations Stores bibtex entries for references and data sources. citations_to_datasets Links entries in table citations with entries in table datasets. custom_units Stores custom units. data Stores measured values for samples, for example remaining masses. datasets Lists the individual datasets. experimental_design_format Stores information on the experimental design of litterbag experiments. measurement_scales, measurement_scales_date_time, measurement_scales_interval, measurement_scales_nominal, measurement_scales_ordinal, measurement_scales_ratio Defines data value types. missing_value_codes Defines how missing values are encoded. samples Stores information on individual samples. samples_to_samples Links samples to other samples, for example litter samples collected in the field to litter samples collected during the incubation of the litterbags. units, unit_types Stores information on measurement units. 5 Attributes Table 2: Definition of attributes in the Peatland Decomposition Database and entries in the column attribute_name in table data. Name Definition Example value Unit Measurement scale Number type Minimum value Maximum value String format 4_hydroxyacetophenone_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxyacetophenone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA 4_hydroxyacetophenone_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxyacetophenone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA 4_hydroxybenzaldehyde_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA 4_hydroxybenzaldehyde_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA 4_hydroxybenzoic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA 4_hydroxybenzoic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA abbreviation In table custom_units: A string representing an abbreviation for the custom unit. gC NA nominal NA NA NA NA acetone_extractives_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of acetone extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA acetone_extractives_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of acetone extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA acetosyringone_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of acetosyringone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA acetosyringone_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of acetosyringone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA acetovanillone_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of acetovanillone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA acetovanillone_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of acetovanillone, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA arabinose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of arabinose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA arabinose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of arabinose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA ash_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of ash (after burning at 550\u00b0C). 4 g ratio real 0 Inf NA ash_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of ash (after burning at 550\u00b0C). 0.05 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA attribute_definition A free text field with a textual description of the meaning of attributes in the dpeatdecomposition database. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA attribute_name A string describing the names of the attributes in all tables of the dpeatdecomposition database. attribute_name NA nominal NA NA NA NA bibtex A string representing the bibtex code used for a literature reference throughout the dpeatdecomposition database. Galka.2021 NA nominal NA NA NA NA bounds_maximum A numeric value representing the minimum possible value for a numeric attribute. 0 NA interval real Inf Inf NA bounds_minimum A numeric value representing the maximum possible value for a numeric attribute. INF NA interval real Inf Inf NA bulk_density A numeric value representing the bulk density of the sample [g cm-3]. 0,2 g/cm^3 ratio real 0 Inf NA C_absolute The absolute mass of C in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA C_relative_mass The absolute mass of C in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA C_to_N A numeric value representing the C to N ratio of the sample. 35 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA C_to_P A numeric value representing the C to P ratio of the sample. 35 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA Ca_absolute The absolute mass of Ca in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA Ca_relative_mass The absolute mass of Ca in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA cation_exchange_capacity_absolute A numeric value representing the cation exchange capacity. 10 mol ratio real 0 Inf NA cation_exchange_capacity_relative_mass A numeric value representing the cation exchange capacity relative to sample mass. 200 mol/g ratio real 0 Inf NA cellulose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of cellulose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA cellulose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of cellulose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA comments_measurement A string representing comments on a measurement. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA comments_samples A free text field where you can enter all information related to the sample that is not covered by the remaining fields. For example you could provide information on potential contamination sources, issues with specific parameters, additional information to the sampling site, e.g.\u00a0present vegetation, past vegetation, specific conditions during sampling, \u2026 . \u2026 NA nominal NA NA NA NA description A free text field. In table \u201ccustom_units\u201d: A description of a custom unit. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA dichloromethane_extractives_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of dichlromethane extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA dichloromethane_extractives_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of dichlromethane extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA dimension A string representing the dimension of the unit. L NA nominal NA NA NA NA error A numeric value representing the error of the measured value. The unit of the error is defined by the corresponding attribute_name. 1.2 NA ratio real 0 Inf NA error_type A character representing the type of the error of a measured value (e.g., sd, 95% interval, etc.). sd NA nominal NA NA NA NA ethanol_extractives_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of ethanol extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA ethanol_extractives_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of ethanol extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA experimental_design A character of the format \u2018x_y_z_\u2026\u2019, where x, y, z, \u2026, are integers differentiating hierarchical groups of an experimental design. These groups are explained in table experimental_design_format \u2026 NA nominal NA NA NA NA experimental_design_description A string describing the variables in the csv file identified by column file in table experimental_design_format for each dataset. \u2026 NA nominal NA NA NA NA explanation In table missing_value_codes: A string explaining what the corresponding missing value code means. \u2026 NA nominal NA NA NA NA Fe_absolute The absolute mass of Fe in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA Fe_relative_mass The absolute mass of Fe in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA ferulic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of ferulic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA ferulic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of ferulic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA file A string representing a path to a file. For table experimental_design_format: Path to a csv file providing details on the experimental design and manipulations. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA format_string A string defining the format of a nominal variable. YYYY-MM-DD NA nominal NA NA NA NA galactose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of galactose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA galactose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of galactose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA galacturonic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of galacturonic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA galacturonic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of galacturonic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA glucose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of glucose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA glucose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of glucose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA glucuronic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of glucuronic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA glucuronic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of glucuronic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA ground_slope The slope of the sample (land surface) as fraction of the vertical distance covered and the horizontal distance. 0.2 cm/cm ratio real 0 Inf NA holocellulose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the absolute holocellulose mass in the sample. 0.45 g ratio real 0 Inf NA holocellulose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the holocellulose content of the sample [g/g]. 0.45 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA id_citation An integer value representing an id for each entry in the table \u201ccitations\u201c in the dpeatdecomposition database. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_dataset A numeric id for the dataset (starting with 1 and increasing by 1; for one data contribution, this should be 1 for all samples and the appropriate id is assigned when the data are merged into the database). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_measurement A numeric id for measurements (starting with 1 and increasing by 1). This means that each measurement gets its own rows and measurements for different attributes are considered independent, i.e.\u00a0multiple measurement ids for the same sample just count replicate measurements for any attribute. For attributes with less measurements than for a different attribute, just fill measurements starting from smaller id_measurement and leave the cells in the remaining rows empty. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_measurement_denominator An integer value representing the identifier for the measurement which is used as denominator in computing a relative quantity (e.g.\u00a0the absolute mass of the initial sample when computing the mass fraction relative to the initial sample). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_measurement_numerator An integer value representing the identifier for the measurement which is used as numerator in computing a relative quantity (e.g.\u00a0the absolute mass of the sample when computing the mass fraction relative to the initial sample). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_measurement_scale An integer value representing an id for each entry in the table \u201cmeasurement_scales\u201c in the dpeatdecomposition database. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_missing_value_code An integer value representing an id for each entry in the table \u201cmissing_value_codes\u201c in the dpeatdecomposition database. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_sample A numeric id for the sample (starting with 1 and increasing by 1). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_sample_child An integer representing an identifier for the child (resulting) sample of the transition (some change to a sample). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_sample_incubation_start An integer representing an identifier for the sample which is the sample at the start of the incubation (incubation_duration == 0). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_sample_origin An integer representing an identifier for the sample which is the original sample in a line of transitions of a sample (modifications of a sample). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_sample_parent An integer representing an identifier for the parent (initial) sample of the transition (some change to a sample). 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA id_unit An integer value representing an id for each entry in the table \u201cunits\u201c in the dpeatdecomposition database. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA incubation_duration A numeric value representing the number of days over which a sample was incubated. 45 d ratio real 0 Inf NA incubation_environment A character defining the environment in which a litterbag sample was incubated (e.g.\u00a0\u2018peat\u2019, \u2018container\u2019, \u2026). peat NA nominal NA NA NA NA is_incubated A logical value indicating whether a sample was collected during the decomposition incubation of a litterbag experiment or not. TRUE NA nominal NA NA NA NA K_absolute The absolute mass of K in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA K_relative_mass The absolute mass of K in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA Klason_lignin_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the absolute Klason lignin mass in the sample. 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA Klason_lignin_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the Klason lignin content of the sample [g/g]. 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA mannose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of mannose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA mannose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of mannose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA mass_absolute The mass of the sample. 1200 mg ratio real 0 Inf NA mass_relative_mass The mass of the sample divided by the mass of a sample (e.g.\u00a0the sample before decomposition). 0.87 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA measurement_scale A string representing the measurement scale for a value. nominal NA nominal NA NA NA NA mesh_size_absolute The width of the mesh the litterbags are made of. 0.2 um ratio real 0 Inf NA Mg_absolute The absolute mass of Mg in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA Mg_relative_mass The absolute mass of Mg in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA Mn_absolute The absolute mass of Mn in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA Mn_relative_mass The absolute mass of Mn in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA multiplier_to_si A numeric value representing the value with which a given value with a certain measurement unit has to be multiplied in order to convert it to a related SI unit. 100 dimensionless interval real Inf Inf NA N_absolute The absolute mass of nitrogen in the sample. 1.2 mg ratio real 0 Inf NA N_relative_mass The mass of the nitrogen in the sample divided by the mass of a sample (e.g.\u00a0the sample before decomposition). 0.013 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA number_type A string representing the number type of a numeric variable. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA P_absolute The absolute mass of P in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA p_coumaric_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of p-coumaric acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA p_coumaric_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of p-coumaric acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA P_relative_mass The absolute mass of P in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA parent_si A string representing the SI unit from which a certain derived unit is derived. m NA nominal NA NA NA NA pH A numeric value representing the pH value of the sample. 5,4 dimensionless interval real Inf Inf NA phenolics_PHBA_equivalents_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the mass content of phenolics (p-hydroxy benzoic acid equivalent). 10 g ratio real 0 Inf NA phenolics_PHBA_equivalents_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the mass content of phenolics (p-hydroxy benzoic acid equivalent). 0.04 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA phenolics_tannic_acid_equivalents_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the mass content of phenolics (tannic acid equivalent). 10 g ratio real 0 Inf NA phenolics_tannic_acid_equivalents_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the mass content of phenolics (tannic acid equivalent). 0.04 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA power An integer value. The power to which the dimension is raised. 2 dimensionless interval integer Inf Inf NA rhamnose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of rhamnose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA rhamnose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of rhamnose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA root_diameter_absolute The diameter of roots in the sample. 2 mm ratio real 0 Inf NA S_absolute The absolute mass of S in the sample. 1 g ratio real 0 Inf NA S_relative_mass The absolute mass of S in the sample. 1 g/g ratio real 0 Inf NA sample_depth_lower A numeric value representing the depth of the lower boundary of a sample relative to the land surface (e.g.\u00a0peat surface) [cm]. 15 cm interval real Inf Inf NA sample_depth_upper A numeric value representing the depth of the upper boundary of a sample relative to the land surface (e.g.\u00a0peat surface) [cm]. 12 cm interval real Inf Inf NA sample_label A string representing a label for each sample. S1 NA nominal NA NA NA NA sample_microhabitat A string describing the microhabitat where the sample was collected. For peat, this should be one of \u2018hummock\u2019, \u2018hollow\u2019, \u2018lawn\u2019, \u2018pond\u2019. In other cases, a custom value can be used. hummock NA nominal NA NA NA NA sample_size An integer representing the number of individual measurements which were used to compute the value in column value. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA sample_treatment A string with an description of an experimental tratment if this was applied. By default, this should be \u2018control\u2019, indicating that there was no manipulation. If there was any experimental manipulation, this can be abbreviated by a label (e.g.\u00a0by a treatment level) that is defined in the textual description of the project (in the file \u2018description.docx\u2019). control NA nominal NA NA NA NA sample_type A string describing the type of the sample. Must be one of \u2018peat\u2019, \u2018dom\u2019, \u2018vegetation\u2019, \u2018litter\u2019. peat NA nominal NA NA NA NA sample_type2 A string describing the type of the sample. Here you can provide individual (own) categories which may provide more details than the column sample_type. shoots NA nominal NA NA NA NA sample_wet_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the mass of the wet sample [g]. 5.6 g ratio real 0 Inf NA sampling_altitude A numeric value representing the altitude of the exact sampling position [m above sea level]. 543 m ratio real Inf Inf NA sampling_day An integer representing the day in which a sample was collected. 1 NA interval natural 1 31 NA sampling_latitude A numeric value representing the latitude coordinates of the exact sampling position (in the EPSG:3857 projection coordinate system \u2014 this is the system used by Google and is based on the WGS 84 reference system) [\u00b0N]. 40447 NA interval real -180 180 NA sampling_longitude A numeric value representing the longitude coordinates of the exact sampling position (in the EPSG:3857 projection coordinate system \u2014 this is the system used by Google and is based on the WGS 84 reference system) [\u00b0W]. 79983 NA interval real -180 180 NA sampling_month An integer representing the month in which a sample was collected. 1 NA interval natural 1 12 NA sampling_year An integer representing the year in which a sample was collected. 1 NA interval natural 1 Inf NA site_name A character representing the name of the site where the sample was collected. Mer Bleue NA nominal NA NA NA NA soluble_Klason_lignin_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the mass content of soluble Klason lignin (following Ehrman 1996). 10 g ratio real 0 Inf NA soluble_Klason_lignin_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the mass content of soluble Klason lignin (following Ehrman 1996). 0.04 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA soluble_lignin_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of soluble lignin, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA soluble_lignin_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of soluble lignin, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA sphagnan_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the mass content of sphagnan (Ballance et al., 2007). 10 g ratio real 0 Inf NA sphagnan_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the mass content of sphagnan (Ballance et al., 2007). 0.04 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA standard_unit A logical value indicating if the unit is a standard unit of the Ecological Metadata Language or not. TRUE NA nominal NA NA NA NA syringe_aldehyde_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of syringe aldehyde, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA syringe_aldehyde_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of syringe aldehyde, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA syringic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of syringic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA syringic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of syringic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA taxon_organ A string describing the organ of a taxon the sample represents (if the sample represents a taxon). For example, if the sample is Carex lasiocarpa, this could be \u2018shoot\u2019, or \u2018root\u2019, or \u2018leaves\u2019. root NA nominal NA NA NA NA taxon_rank_name A string describing the taxon rank the value in column taxon_rank_value represents (if the sample can be assigned to a specific taxon). For exampe, if the value in column taxon_rank_value is a species name, then you should enter \u2018species\u2019 here, or if the value in column taxon_rank_value is a genus name, then you should enter \u2018genus\u2019 here. species NA nominal NA NA NA NA taxon_rank_value A string describing the taxon rank value of the sample (if the sample can be assigned to a taxon). For example, if the sample is a distinct species, enter the scientific species name here, or if the sample can be assigned to a genus, enter the scientific genus name here. Sphagnum magellanicum NA nominal NA NA NA NA temperature A numeric value representing the temperature of the sample [K]. 293.4 K ratio real 0 Inf NA text_domain_definition A string representing the text domain for a string. NA NA nominal NA NA NA NA transition_description A string representing a description of what happened to a parent sample during its transition to the child sample. transplantation NA nominal NA NA NA NA udunits_unit A string representing a measurement unit in the udunits format. m NA nominal NA NA NA NA unit_type A string representing the type of a unit. length NA nominal NA NA NA NA value A numeric value representing the measured value. The unit of the value is defined by the corresponding attribute_name. 1.2 NA ratio real 0 Inf NA value_type A character representing the type of the measured value. One of \u2018point\u2019 (for a single measurement without uncertainty), or \u2018mean\u2019 (average of multiple measurements). point NA nominal NA NA NA NA vanillic_acid_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of vanillic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA vanillic_acid_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of vanillic acid, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA vanillin_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of vanillin, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA vanillin_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of vanillin, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA volume A numeric value representing the volume of the sample [cm3]. 20 cm^3 ratio real 0 Inf NA water_extractives_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of water extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA water_extractives_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of water extractives, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA water_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the water mass content of the sample as mass of water divided by the mass of the wet sample [g] 5.6 g ratio real 0 Inf NA water_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the water mass content of the sample as mass of water divided by the mass of the wet sample [g/g] 2.4 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA water_mass_relative_volume A numeric value representing the water mass content of the sample as mass of water divided by the volume of the wet sample [g cm-3]. 0.6 g/cm^3 ratio real 0 1 NA water_table_depth A numeric value representing the depth to the water table level relative to the position of the sample. 23.4 cm ratio real -Inf Inf NA xylose_mass_absolute A numeric value representing the content of xylose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g ratio real 0 Inf NA xylose_mass_relative_mass A numeric value representing the content of xylose, as described in Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010). 0.26 g/g ratio real 0 1 NA 6 Usage notes 6.1 Download The Peatland Decomposition Database can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11276065. There you can also download a folder \u201cderived_data\u201d that contains csv files with the experimental design for each study (see attribute file in Tab. 2), and a folder \u201cscripts\u201d with the R Markdown scripts used to import the data into the database. 6.2 Set up The downloaded database needs to be imported in a running MariaDB instance. In a linux terminal, the downloaded sql file can be imported like so: mysql -u -p dpeatdecomposition < dpeatdecomposition-backup-2025-02-24.sql Here, is the database user name. 6.3 R interface The R package \u2018dpeatdecomposition\u2019 (Teickner and Knorr 2024) provides an R interface to the database, based on the packages \u2018RMariaDB\u2019 (M\u00fcller et al. 2021), and \u2018dm\u2019 (Schieferdecker, M\u00fcller, and Bergant 2022). 7 Citation If you use data from the Peat Decomposition Database, cite the database and each of the original data sources you use. Bibliographic information on each data source are stored in table citations and linked to datasets via table citations_to_datasets. The database can be cited as: Teickner, Henning and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2024. \u201cThe Peatland Decomposition Database.\u201d Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11276065. Bibtex entries for each dataset can also be obtained using the \u2018dpeatdecomposition\u2019 package: # connect to database con <- RMariaDB::dbConnect( drv = RMariaDB::MariaDB(), dbname = 'dpeatdecomposition', default.file = '~/my.cnf' ) # get database as dm object dm_dpeatdecomposition <- dpeatdecomposition::dp_get_dm(con, learn_keys = TRUE) # extract bibtex entries dm_dpeatdecomposition |> dm::dm_zoom_to(datasets) |> dm::left_join(citations_to_datasets, by = 'id_dataset') |> dm::left_join(citations, by = 'id_citation') |> dm::pull_tbl() |> as.data.frame() # disconnect RMariaDB::dbDisconnect(con) A full list of references for the individual datasets is provided in Tab. 3. Table 3: Sources for each dataset in the Peatland Decomposition Database. id_dataset Source 1 Farrish and Grigal (1985) 2 Bartsch and Moore (1985) 3 Farrish and Grigal (1988) 4 Vitt (1990) 5 Hogg, Lieffers, and Wein (1992) 6 Sanger, Billett, and Cresser (1994) 7 Hiroki and Watanabe (1996) 8 Szumigalski and Bayley (1996) 9 Prevost, Belleau, and Plamondon (1997) 10 Arp, Cooper, and Stednick (1999) 11 Robbert A. Scheffer and Aerts (2000) 12 R. A. Scheffer, Van Logtestijn, and Verhoeven (2001) 13 Limpens and Berendse (2003) 14 Waddington, Rochefort, and Campeau (2003) 15 Asada, Warner, and Banner (2004) 16 Thormann, Bayley, and Currah (2001) 17 Trinder, Johnson, and Artz (2008) 18 Breeuwer et al. (2008) 19 Trinder, Johnson, and Artz (2009) 20 Bragazza and Iacumin (2009) 21 Hoorens, Stroetenga, and Aerts (2010) 22 Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2010) 22 Strakov\u00e1 et al. (2012) 23 Orwin and Ostle (2012) 24 Lieffers (1988) 25 Manninen et al. (2016) 26 Johnson and Damman (1991) 27 Bengtsson, Rydin, and H\u00e1jek (2018a) 27 Bengtsson, Rydin, and H\u00e1jek (2018b) 28 Asada and Warner (2005) 29 Bengtsson, Granath, and Rydin (2017) 29 Bengtsson, Granath, and Rydin (2016) 30 Hagemann and Moroni (2015) 30 Hagemann and Moroni (2016) 31 B. Piatkowski et al. (2021) 31 B. T. Piatkowski et al. (2021) 32 M\u00e4kil\u00e4 et al. (2018) 33 Golovatskaya and Nikonova (2017) 34 Golovatskaya and Nikonova (2017) 8 Acknowledgements Development of this database was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) grant no. KN 929/23-1 to Klaus-Holger Knorr and grant no. PE 1632/18-1 to Edzer Pebesma. References Arp, Christopher D., David J. Cooper, and John D. Stednick. 1999. \u201cThe Effects of Acid Rock Drainage on Carex Aquatilis Leaf Litter Decomposition in Rocky Mountain Fens.\u201d Wetlands 19 (3): 665\u201374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161703. Asada, Taro, and Barry G. Warner. 2005. \u201cSurface Peat Mass and Carbon Balance in a Hypermaritime Peatland.\u201d Soil Science Society of America Journal 69 (2): 549\u201362. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0549. Asada, Taro, Barry G Warner, and Allen Banner. 2004. \u201cSphagnum Invasion After Clear-Cutting and Excavator Mounding in a Hypermaritime Forest of British Columbia.\u201d Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34 (8): 1730\u201346. https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-042. Bartsch, I., and T. R. Moore. 1985. \u201cA Preliminary Investigation of Primary Production and Decomposition in Four Peatlands Near Schefferville, Qu\u00e9bec.\u201d Canadian Journal of Botany 63 (7): 1241\u201348. https://doi.org/10.1139/b85-171. Bengtsson, Fia, Gustaf Granath, and H\u00e5kan Rydin. 2016. \u201cPhotosynthesis, Growth, and Decay Traits in Sphagnum \u2013 a Multispecies Comparison.\u201d Ecology and Evolution 6 (10): 3325\u201341. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2119. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2017. \u201cData from: Photosynthesis, Growth, and Decay Traits in Sphagnum \u2013 a Multispecies Comparison.\u201d Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.62054. Bengtsson, Fia, H\u00e5kan Rydin, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 H\u00e1jek. 2018a. \u201cData from: Biochemical Determinants of Litter Quality in 15 Species of Sphagnum.\u201d Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.4F8D2. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2018b. \u201cBiochemical Determinants of Litter Quality in 15 Species of Sphagnum.\u201d Plant and Soil 425 (1-2): 161\u201376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3579-8. Bona, Kelly Ann, Arlene Hilger, Magdalena Burgess, Nicole Wozney, and Cindy Shaw. 2018. \u201cA Peatland Productivity and Decomposition Parameter Database.\u201d Ecology 99 (10): 2406\u20136. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2462. Bragazza, Luca, and Paola Iacumin. 2009. \u201cSeasonal Variation in Carbon Isotopic Composition of Bog Plant Litter During 3 Years of Field Decomposition.\u201d Biology and Fertility of Soils 46 (1): 73\u201377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0406-7. Breeuwer, Angela, Monique Heijmans, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Juul Limpens, and Frank Berendse. 2008. \u201cThe Effect of Increased Temperature and Nitrogen Deposition on Decomposition in Bogs.\u201d Oikos 117 (8): 1258\u201368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16518.x. Farrish, K. W., and D. F. Grigal. 1985. \u201cMass Loss in a Forested Bog: Relation to Hummock and Hollow Microrelief.\u201d Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65 (2): 375\u201378. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-042. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 1988. \u201cDecomposition in an Omrotrophic Bog and a Minerotrophic Fen in Minnesota.\u201d Soil Science 145 (5): 353\u201358. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198805000-00005. Golovatskaya, E. A., and L. G. Nikonova. 2017. \u201cThe Influence of the Bog Water Level on the Transformation of Sphagnum Mosses in Peat Soils of Oligotrophic Bogs.\u201d Eurasian Soil Science 50 (5): 580\u201388. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317030036. Hagemann, Ulrike, and Martin T. Moroni. 2015. \u201cMoss and Lichen Decomposition in Old-Growth and Harvested High-Boreal Forests Estimated Using the Litterbag and Minicontainer Methods.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 87 (August): 10\u201324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.04.002. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2016. \u201cData on Moss and Lichen Decomposition Rates and Nutrient Loss from Old-Growth and Harvested High-Boreal Forests Estimated Using the Litterbag and Minicontainer Methods.\u201d Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V. https://doi.org/10.4228/ZALF.2007.290. Hiroki, Mikiya, and Makoto M. Watanabe. 1996. \u201cMicrobial Community and Rate of Cellulose Decomposition in Peat Soils in a Mire.\u201d Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 42 (4): 893\u2013903. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1996.10416636. Hogg, Edward H., Victor J. Lieffers, and Ross W. Wein. 1992. \u201cPotential Carbon Losses from Peat Profiles: Effects of Temperature, Drought Cycles, and Fire.\u201d Ecological Applications 2 (3): 298\u2013306. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941863. Hoorens, Bart, Martin Stroetenga, and Rien Aerts. 2010. \u201cLitter Mixture Interactions at the Level of Plant Functional Types Are Additive.\u201d Ecosystems 13 (1): 90\u201398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9301-1. Johnson, Loretta C., and Antoni W. H. Damman. 1991. \u201cSpecies-Controlled Sphagnum Decay on a South Swedish Raised Bog.\u201d Oikos 61 (2): 234. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545341. Jones, Matthew, Margaret O\u2019Brien, Bryce Mecum, Carl Boettiger, Mark Schildhauer, Mitchell Maier, Timothy Whiteaker, Stevan Earl, and Steven Chong. 2019. \u201cEcological Metadata Language Version 2.2.0.\u201d KNB Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.5063/f11834t2. Lieffers, V. J. 1988. \u201cSphagnum and Cellulose Decomosition in Drained and Natural Areas of an Alberta Peatland.\u201d Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68 (4): 755\u201361. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-073. Limpens, Juul, and Frank Berendse. 2003. \u201cHow Litter Quality Affects Mass Loss and N Loss from Decomposing Sphagnum.\u201d Oikos 103 (3): 537\u201347. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12707.x. M\u00e4kil\u00e4, M., H. S\u00e4\u00e4vuori, A. Grundstr\u00f6m, and T. Suomi. 2018. \u201cSphagnum Decay Patterns and Bog Microtopography in South-Eastern Finland.\u201d Mires and Peat, no. 21 (July): 1\u201312. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2017.OMB.283. Manninen, S., S. Kivim\u00e4ki, I. D. Leith, S. R. Leeson, and L. J. Sheppard. 2016. \u201cNitrogen Deposition Does Not Enhance Sphagnum Decomposition.\u201d Science of The Total Environment 571 (November): 314\u201322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.152. M\u00fcller, Kirill, Jeroen Ooms, David James, Saikat DebRoy, Hadley Wickham, and Jeffrey Horner. 2021. \u201cRMariaDB: Database Interface and \u2019MariaDB\u2019 Driver.\u201d Orwin, Kate H., and Nicholas J. Ostle. 2012. \u201cMoss Species Effects on Peatland Carbon Cycling After Fire: Moss Species Effects on C Cycling After Fire.\u201d Functional Ecology 26 (4): 829\u201336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01991.x. Piatkowski, Bryan T., Joseph B. Yavitt, Merritt R. Turetsky, and A. Jonathan Shaw. 2021. \u201cNatural Selection on a Carbon Cycling Trait Drives Ecosystem Engineering by Sphagnum (Peat Moss).\u201d Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288 (1957): 20210609. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0609. Piatkowski, Bryan, Joseph B. Yavitt, Merritt Turetsky, and A. 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Schieferdecker, Tobias, Kirill M\u00fcller, and Darko Bergant. 2022. \u201cdm: Relational Data Models.\u201d Strakov\u00e1, Petra, Jani Anttila, Peter Spetz, Veikko Kitunen, Tarja Tapanila, and Raija Laiho. 2010. \u201cLitter Quality and Its Response to Water Level Drawdown in Boreal Peatlands at Plant Species and Community Level.\u201d Plant and Soil 335 (1-2): 501\u201320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0447-6. Strakov\u00e1, Petra, Timo Penttil\u00e4, Jukka Laine, and Raija Laiho. 2012. \u201cDisentangling Direct and Indirect Effects of Water Table Drawdown on Above- and Belowground Plant Litter Decomposition: Consequences for Accumulation of Organic Matter in Boreal Peatlands.\u201d Global Change Biology 18 (1): 322\u201335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02503.x. Szumigalski, Anthony R., and Suzanne E. Bayley. 1996. \u201cDecomposition Along a Bog to Rich Fen Gradient in Central Alberta, Canada.\u201d Canadian Journal of Botany 74 (4): 573\u201381. https://doi.org/10.1139/b96-073. Teickner, Henning, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2024. \u201cdpeatdecomposition: R Interface to the Peatland Decomposition Database.\u201d Thormann, Markus N, Suzanne E Bayley, and Randolph S Currah. 2001. \u201cComparison of Decomposition of Belowground and Aboveground Plant Litters in Peatlands of Boreal Alberta, Canada.\u201d Canadian Journal of Botany 79 (1): 9\u201322. https://doi.org/10.1139/b00-138. Trinder, Clare J., David Johnson, and Rebekka R. E. Artz. 2008. \u201cInteractions Among Fungal Community Structure, Litter Decomposition and Depth of Water Table in a Cutover Peatland.\u201d FEMS Microbiology Ecology 64 (3): 433\u201348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00487.x. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2009. \u201cLitter Type, but Not Plant Cover, Regulates Initial Litter Decomposition and Fungal Community Structure in a Recolonising Cutover Peatland.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41 (3): 651\u201355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.006. Vitt, Dale H. 1990. \u201cGrowth and Production Dynamics of Boreal Mosses over Climatic, Chemical and Topographic Gradients.\u201d Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 104 (1-3): 35\u201359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02210.x. Waddington, J. M., L. Rochefort, and S. Campeau. 2003. \u201cSphagnum Production and Decomposition in a Restored Cutover Peatland.\u201d Wetlands Ecology and Management 11 (1): 85\u201395. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022009621693.", "keywords": ["Databases", "Carex", "Sphagnum", "decomposition", "litterbag", "northern peatland", "peatland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teickner, Henning, Knorr, Klaus-Holger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14917034"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14917034", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14917034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14917034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:23:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of temperate fen paludicultures - Dataset", "description": "See ReadMe file for detailed description of available data and code. Title of the associated publication: \u201cGreenhouse gas mitigation potential of temperate fen paludicultures\u201d Authors: Carla Bockermann\u26661,2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-5746, Tim Eickenscheidt\u26661 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-3238, Matthias Dr\u00f6sler https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4523-6964 \u2666Joint First Authorship: Carla Bockermann and Tim Eickenscheidt should be considered joint first author. Institutional affiliations: 1Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Peatland Science Centre (PSC), Freising, Germany; 2Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany Corresponding Author Contact Information: carla.bockermann@hswt.de\u2003 Abstract: Peatlands lose their valuable carbon (C) sink function under intensive land use and turn into greenhouse gases (GHG) emission hotspots. Despite scarce empirical evidence, paludiculture is expected to have significant GHG mitigation potential for organic soils. This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on full GHG balances for newly established fen paludicultures over a water table (WT) gradient spanning annual mean WT of \u22120.29 m to +0.04 m, stratified into moderately rewetted conditions (\u22120.30 m < WT < \u22120.10 m) and rewetted conditions (WT \u2265 \u22120.10 m). We used manual and novel automated chambers to measure annual carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide emissions from five typical fen plant species (Carex acutiformis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and T. latifolia) newly established as peatland biomass crops in three temperate fen peatlands in southern Germany. Our study confirms a significant GHG mitigation potential for the tested plant species and found a C sink function of paludiculture. The results yield preliminary emission factors of \u22120.1 and \u221212.0 t CO2-equivalents ha\u22121 yr\u22121 under moderately rewetted conditions (n=39) and under rewetted conditions (n=43), respectively. We further identify an optimal annual mean WT of \u22120.07 m for maximizing GHG reduction across all plant species and sites with a net C sink achieved at a mean annual WT of \u2265 \u22120.12 m. Presuming the conversion of arable land into paludiculture, a mitigation potential of up to \u221251.9 t CO2-equivalent is attainable per hectare and year. These findings highlight that well-managed paludiculture could make a considerable contribution toward achieving the politically targeted CO2 sink function in the LULUCF sector.", "keywords": ["peatland", " organic soil", " water table", " Carex", " Phalaris", " Phragmites", " Typha", " LULUCF", " preliminary emission factor", " carbon balance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bockermann, Carla, Eickenscheidt, Tim, Dr\u00f6sler, Matthias,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16026838"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16026838", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16026838"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=peatland&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=peatland&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=peatland&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=peatland&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 89, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T20:12:04.629215Z"}