{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-25", "title": "ZnO-nanostructured electrochemical sensor for efficient detection of glyphosate in water", "description": "Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide for controlling grassy weeds, despite having potential health hazards. Herein, we report on a solid-state electrochemical sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for on-site detection of glyphosate. Accordingly, ZnO NPs was drop-cast on the surface of a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode. Eco-friendly ZnO NPs of only 7 nm crystallite sizes were obtained by green sol-gel synthesis using lemon (Citrus limon) waste aqueous extract as the green reducing and capping/stabilizing agent and Zn nitrate precursor as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance. SEM confirmed successful electrode functionalization with the synthesized nanoparticles. Under laboratory conditions in acetate buffer (pH 5), the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.648 \u00b5M, a wide linear detection range (0.5 \u00b5M to 7.5 mM), and a rapid detection time of 30 min. When tested in river water, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.96 \u00b5M using differential pulse voltammetry. It also exceptionally tolerated interference from similar organophosphorus compounds and ions commonly found in river water. The excellent detection performance of the sensor was attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Zn atoms and phosphonate/carboxylate groups that are enhanced by a hydrogen bond at acidic pH, as determined by chemical calculations. This disposable sensor offers a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly solution for monitoring glyphosate in water systems.", "keywords": ["QD71-142", "Environmental water", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles", "Computational modeling", "Pesticides", "Eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles;", "[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology", "Analytical chemistry", "Sensor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Talanta%20Open", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.5084742", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.5084742"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Intensive vegetable production under plastic mulch: A field study on soil plastic and pesticide residues and their effects on the soil microbiome", "description": "Intensive agriculture relies on external inputs to reach high productivity and profitability. Plastic mulch, mainly in the form of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), is widely used in agriculture to decrease evaporation, increase soil temperature and prevent weeds. The incomplete removal of LDPE mulch after use causes plastic contamination in agricultural soils. In conventional agriculture, the use of pesticides also leaves residues accumulating in soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soils and their effects on the soil microbiome. For this, we sampled soil (0-10\u00a0cm and 10-30\u00a0cm) from 18 parcels from 6 vegetable farms in SE Spain. The farms were under either organic or conventional management, where plastic mulch had been used for >25\u00a0years. We measured the macro- and micro-light density plastic debris contents, the pesticide residue levels, and a range of physiochemical properties. We also carried out DNA sequencing on the soil fungal and bacterial communities. Plastic debris (>100\u00a0\u03bcm) was found in all samples with an average number of 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0103\u00a0particles\u00a0kg-1 and area of 60\u00a0cm2\u00a0kg-1. We found 4-10 different pesticide residues in all conventional soils, for an average of 140\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1. Overall, pesticide content was \u223c100 times lower in organic farms. The soil microbiomes were farm-specific and related to different soil physicochemical parameters and contaminants. Regarding contaminants, bacterial communities responded to the total pesticide residues, the fungicide Azoxystrobin and the insecticide Chlorantraniliprole as well as the plastic area. The fungicide Boscalid was the only contaminant to influence the fungal community. The wide spread of plastic and pesticide residues in agricultural soil and their effects on soil microbial communities may impact crop production and other environmental services. More studies are required to evaluate the total costs of intensive agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plastic mulch", "Soil microbiome", "Microbiota", "Microplastic", "Pesticide Residues", "Pesticides residues", "Agriculture", "12. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producci\u00f3n sostenibles", "15. Life on land", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Soil", "Intensive vegetable production", "13. Climate action", "Agriculture contamination", "Polyethylene", "Vegetables", "31 Ciencias Agrarias::3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "Pesticides"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165179"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-23", "title": "Opportunity of the NEGFRY Decision Support System for the Sustainable Control of Potato Late Blight in A Limia (NW of Spain)", "description": "

The NEGFRY system is presented in this research work as a novelty strategy for the control of potato late blight in A Limia (NW Spain). The aim was to analyse the number of fungicide applications established by NEGFRY (Decision Support System, DSS) with respect to the routine calendars of this potato production area. This approach is in accordance with the requirements imposed by European policies, participating in more profitable and environmentally friendly agriculture. For this purpose, the relationships between the pathogen and the environmental conditions and epidemiological parameters were analysed in different plots compared to late blight infection in both Routine and DSS strategies. In addition, economic and environmental impacts of fungicide sprays were also analysed to check the adaptability of the decision support system to late blight in the area. Results confirmed that it is possible to reduce sprays following the NEGFRY model by more than 50% compared with Routine applications. Therefore, NEGFRY is a promising strategy to achieve lower footprint potato yields through a reduction in applied pesticides and water, lower gas emissions and less soil compaction due to a reduction in the number of tractor passes over the soil. The commitment to this strategy contributes to improving the economy of farmers, the health of the biodiversity, the environment and consumers, as well as to comply with demands of global economies in terms of more sustainable and resilient agriculture.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Phytophthora infestans", "resilient agriculture", "integrated pest management", "Phytophthora infestans", "Agriculture (General)", "3103.04 Protecci\u00f3n de Los Cultivos", "Solanum tuberosum", "pesticides", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture14050652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture14050652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ps.7961", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-20", "title": "The effect of natural products used as pesticides on the soil microbiota: OECD 216 nitrogen transformation test fails to identify effects that were detected viaq\u2010PCR microbial abundance measurement", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND

Natural products present an environmentally attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides which have been implicated in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effect. Currently, the assessment of pesticide toxicity on soil microorganisms relies on the OECD 216 N transformation assay (OECD stands for the Organisation Economic Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90operation and Development, which is a key international standard\uffe2\uff80\uff90setting organisation). We tested the hypotheses that (i) the OECD 216 assay fails to identify unacceptable effects of pesticides on soil microbiota compared to more advanced molecular and standardized tests, and (ii) the natural products tested (dihydrochalcone, isoflavone, aliphatic phenol, and spinosad) are less toxic to soil microbiota compared to a synthetic pesticide compound (3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline). We determined the following in three different soils: (i) ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) soil concentrations, as dictated by the OECD 216 test, and (ii) the abundance of phylogenetically (bacteria and fungi) and functionally distinct microbial groups [ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)] using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR).

RESULTS

All pesticides tested exhibited limited persistence, with spinosad demonstrating the highest persistence. None of the pesticides tested showed clear dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effects on NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 levels and the observed effects were <25% of the control, suggesting no unacceptable impacts on soil microorganisms. In contrast, q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR measurements revealed (i) distinct negative effects on the abundance of total bacteria and fungi, which were though limited to one of the studied soils, and (ii) a significant reduction in the abundance of both AOA and AOB across soils. This reduction was attributed to both natural products and 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline.

CONCLUSION

Our findings strongly advocate for a revision of the current regulatory framework regarding the toxicity of pesticides to soil microbiota, which should integrate advanced and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90standardized tools. \uffc2\uffa9 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.&lt;p&gt;Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Soil remediation techniques should be developed to keep the levels of pesticide residues below such benchmarks. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures and their residence time in soil. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Portugal", "Pesticide Residues", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "EU agricultural soils", "Europe", "Soil", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Mixtures of pesticide residues; EU agricultural soils Organic", " conventional farming", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic and conventional farming", "Netherlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil", "description": "The intensive use of pesticide and plastic mulches has considerably enhanced crop growth and yield. Pesticide residues and plastic debris, however, have caused serious environmental problems. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used herbicide glyphosate and micrometre-sized plastic debris, referred as microplastics, on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil by a microcosm experiment over 30 days incubation. Results showed that glyphosate decay was gradual and followed a single first-order decay kinetics model. In different treatments (with/without microplastic addition), glyphosate showed similar half-lives (32.8 days). The soil content of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main metabolite of glyphosate, steadily increased without reaching plateau and declining phases throughout the experiment. Soil microbial respiration significantly changed throughout the entirety of the experiment, particularly in the treatments with higher microplastic addition. The dynamics of soil \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase varied, especially in the treatments with high microplastic addition. Particles that were considerably smaller than the initially added microplastic particles were observed after 30 days incubation. This result thus implied that microplastic would hardly affect glyphosate decay but smaller plastic particles accumulated in soils which potentially threaten soil quality would be further concerned especially in the regions with intensive plastic mulching application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastic", "Glycine", "Pesticide Residues", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "Pesticide decay", "Models", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Soil microbial activities", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-06", "title": "Soil microbial community fragmentation reveals indirect effects of fungicide exposure mediated by biotic interactions between microorganisms", "description": "Fungicides are used worldwide to improve crop yields, but they can affect non-target soil microorganisms which are essential for ecosystem functioning. Microorganisms form complex communities characterized by a myriad of interspecies interactions, yet it remains unclear to what extent non-target microorganisms are indirectly affected by fungicides through biotic interactions with sensitive taxa. To quantify such indirect effects, we fragmented a soil microbial community by filtration to alter biotic interactions and compared the effect of the fungicide hymexazol between fractions in soil microcosms. We postulated that OTUs which are indirectly affected would exhibit a different response to the fungicide across the fragmented communities. We found that hymexazol primarily affected bacterial and fungal communities through indirect effects, which were responsible for more than 75% of the shifts in relative abundance of the dominant microbial OTUs after exposure to an agronomic dose of hymexazol. However, these indirect effects decreased for the bacterial community when hymexazol doses increased. Our results also suggest that N-cycling processes such as ammonia oxidation can be impacted indirectly by fungicide application. This work sheds light on the indirect impact of fungicide exposure on soil microorganisms through biotic interactions, which underscores the need for higher-tier risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: In this study, we used a novel approach based on the fragmentation of the soil microbial community to determine to which extent fungicide application could indirectly affect fungi and bacteria through biotic interactions. To assess off-target effects of fungicide on soil microorganisms, we selected hymexazol, which is used worldwide to control a variety of fungal plant pathogens, and exposed arable soil to the recommended field rate, as well as to higher rates. Our findings show that at least 75% of hymexazol-impacted microbial OTUs were indirectly affected, therefore emphasizing the importance of tiered risk assessment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Bacteria", "hymexazol", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "500", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "nitrogen cycling", "13. Climate action", "network", "ammonia-oxidizing microorganism", "Soil Pollutants", "Microbial Interactions", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "pesticide", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134231", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-13", "title": "A spatial approach to identify priority areas for pesticide pollution mitigation", "description": "Identifying priority areas is an essential step in developing management strategies to reduce pesticide loads in surface water. A spatially explicit model-based approach was developed to detect priority areas for diffuse pesticide pollution at catchment scale. The method uses available datasets and considers different pesticide pathways in the environment post-application. The approach was applied in a catchment area in SE Flanders (Belgium) as a case study. Calculated risk areas were obtained using detailed landscape data and combining pesticide emissions and hydrological connectivity. The risk areas obtained were further compared with an alternative observation-based method, developed specifically for this study site that includes long-term field observations and local expert knowledge. Both methods equally classified 50% of the areas. The impact of crop rotation on the calculated risk was analysed. High-risk areas were identified and added to a cumulative map over all five years to evaluate temporal variations. The model-based approach was used for the initial identification of risk areas at the study site. The tool helps to prioritise zones and detect particular fields to target landscape mitigation measures to reduce diffuse pesticide pollution reaching surface water bodies.", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "GIS modelling", "FATE", "0207 environmental engineering", "GLYPHOSATE", "02 engineering and technology", "Diffuse pesticide pollution", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "CATCHMENT", "Belgium", "RUNOFF", "SURFACE WATERS", "Pesticides", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RISK", "Catchment scale", "Water Pollution", "Surface water", "Agriculture", "HERBICIDE LOSSES", "15. Life on land", "Field observations", "BUFFER ZONES", "TRANSPORT", "6. Clean water", "NO-TILL", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Pesticide risk areas", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-14", "title": "Occurrence, persistence and risk assessment of pesticide residues in European wheat fields: A continental scale approach", "description": "Pesticide residues in agricultural soils represent an environmental concern that requires special attention due to their potential ecological and public health risks. We analyzed 614 pesticides in 188 wheat fields across Europe subjected to both conventional and organic farming systems. At least one pesticide residue was detected in 141 soils. Seventy-eight pesticides or their metabolites were detected. The presence of pesticides was significantly higher in both number and concentration in conventional fileds (up to 0.98\u202fmg\u202fkg-1) compared to organically managed sites (up to 0.40\u202fmg\u202fkg-1). A total of 88\u202f% of conventional fields and 63\u202f% of organic fields contained two or more pesticides. Conversion from conventional to organic farming does not guarantee that soils will be pesticide-free in the short term. Fenbutatin oxide was the most frequently detected pesticide in both farming systems, followed by AMPA. Other substances, such as boscalid, epoxiconazole, diflufenican, tebuconazole, dinoterb, bixafen, and DEET, were found in \u2265\u202f10\u202f% of samples. Some Persistent Organic Pollutants, including dieldrin, endosulfan sulphate, and chlorpyrifos, were also detected. Ecological risks were higher in conventionally managed fields, with 46\u202f% exhibiting high-risk levels, compared to just 1\u202f% in organic fields. Epoxiconazole and boscalid were the substances with the highest risk levels.", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "2417 Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (Bot\u00e1nica)", "Agricultural soils", "Plant protection products (PPPs)", "3101 Agroqu\u00edmica", "Pesticide mixture", "Ecological risk assessment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138291"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-06", "title": "Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils \u2013 A hidden reality unfolded", "description": "Pesticide use is a major foundation of the agricultural intensification observed over the last few decades. As a result, soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an issue of increasing concern due to some pesticides' high soil persistence and toxicity to non-target species. In this study, the distribution of 76 pesticide residues was evaluated in 317 agricultural topsoil samples from across the European Union. The soils were collected in 2015 and originated from 11 EU Member States and 6 main cropping systems. Over 80% of the tested soils contained pesticide residues (25% of samples had 1 residue, 58% of samples had mixtures of two or more residues), in a total of 166 different pesticide combinations. Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) and the broad-spectrum fungicides boscalid, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently found in soil samples and the compounds found at the highest concentrations. These compounds occasionally exceeded their predicted environmental concentrations in soil but were below the respective toxic endpoints for standard in-soil organisms. Maximum individual pesticide content assessed in a soil sample was 2.05\u202fmg\u202fkg-1 while maximum total pesticide content was 2.87\u202fmg\u202fkg-1. This study reveals that the presence of mixtures of pesticide residues in soils are the rule rather than the exception, indicating that environmental risk assessment procedures should be adapted accordingly to minimize related risks to soil life and beyond. This information can be used to implement monitoring programs for pesticide residues in soil and to trigger toxicity assessments of mixtures of pesticide residues on a wider range of soil species in order to perform more comprehensive and accurate risk assessments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECs)", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural soils", "European Union", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Risk assessment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-18", "title": "Pesticide bioaccumulation in radish produced from soil contaminated with microplastics", "description": "The aging of microplastics (MPs) in soils may affect crop bioaccumulation of coexisting contaminants. We examined the bioaccumulation of pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CPF), difenoconazole (DIF) and their mixture) in radish (Raphanus sativus) planted in soils contaminated with MPs (low-density polyethylene or biodegradable MPs). The experiment was conducted with different contamination scenarios taking into account the use of aged MPs and pesticide mixtures. Radish root biomass was negatively affected in the scenarios with aged MPs. CPF bioaccumulation in radishes appears to be enhanced by the presence of MPs, especially aged MPs, and the pesticide mixture. The results show that food safety risks associated with the bioaccumulation of individual pesticides and their mixtures are increased in soils polluted by MPs, particularly MP after aging.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop biomass", "Pesticide residues", "Aged microplastics", "Microplastics", "Bioaccumulation", "6. Clean water", "Food safety", "Raphanus", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Chlorpyrifos", "Pesticides", "Biodegradable microplastics", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177557", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-20", "title": "Dynamic response of soil microbial communities and network to hymexazol exposure", "description": "Fungicides are an essential component of current agricultural practices, but their extensive use has raised concerns about their effects on non-target soil microorganisms, which carry out essential ecosystem functions. However, despite the complexity of microbial communities, many studies investigating their response to fungicides focus only on bacteria or fungi at one point in time. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing to assess the effect of the fungicide hymexazol on the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence network of soil bacteria, fungi, and protists at 7, 21, and 60\u00a0days after application. We found that hymexazol had very little effect on microbial alpha-diversity, but that microbial community composition and OTU differential abundance were altered over the duration of the experiment, even after hymexazol concentrations were undetectable. The co-occurrence patterns within and between microbial kingdoms were affected by hymexazol dose, suggesting that indirect effects may play a role in the microbial community response. Nitrogen cycling was also affected, with a transient hymexazol-associated increase in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and soil nitrate concentration. These findings highlight that the effects of fungicides on soil microorganisms are dynamic and extensive, spanning several taxonomic kingdoms.", "keywords": ["570", "Bacteria", "Fungicide", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "Protists", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Nitrification", "630", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Pesticide", "Soil", "Soil Pollutants", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Soil Microbiology", "Nitrogen cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177557"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177557", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177557", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177557"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.117776", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-18", "title": "Superabsorbent polymer as a supplement substrate of constructed wetland to retain pesticides from agricultural runoff.", "description": "Surface water runoff can export pesticides from agricultural fields into adjacent aquatic ecosystems, where they may pose adverse effects to organisms. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are widely used to treat agricultural runoff contaminated by pesticides, but the removal of hydrophilic pesticides is usually low. In this study, we suggest superabsorbent polymer (SAP), a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer, as a supplement to substrates of CWs and tested the hypothesis that SAP results in an enhanced removal of hydrophilic pesticides. Therefore, batch experiments were conducted to study the retention capacity of water-saturated SAP (w-SAP) for several hydrophilic pesticides. Retention of the pesticides on w-SAP was related to the ionization state and water solubility of the pesticides. The retention of neutral pesticides, imidacloprid, metalaxyl and propiconazole, was about 20% higher than that measured for anionic pesticides, bentazone, glyphosate and MCPA. The retention of the pesticides by w-SAP mainly resulted from their distribution in the gel-water phase of w-SAP, while less water soluble pesticides might have also been adsorbed on the molecular backbone of SAP. Furthermore, we tested the efficacy of w-SAP for treatment of runoff water contaminated by pesticides in lab-scale horizontal subsurface flow CWs. SAP in CWs improved the removal of the pesticides, including the recalcitrant ones. The removal enhancement was owing to the increase of hydraulic retention time and improvement of biodegradation. The removal of the pesticides in SAP containing CWs was > 93% for MCPA, glyphosate, and propiconazole, 62 - 99% for imidacloprid, 50 - 84% for metalaxyl, and 38 - 73% for bentazone. In the control gravel CWs, the removal was > 98% for glyphosate, generally > 83% for MCPA and propiconazole, 46 - 98% for imidacloprid, 32 - 97% for metalaxyl, and 9 - 96% for bentazone.", "keywords": ["Polymers", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Pesticides", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117776"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.117776", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2021.117776", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117776"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-07", "title": "Microcosm test for pesticide fate assessment in planted water filters: 13C,15N-labeled glyphosate as an example", "description": "Planted filters are often used to remove pesticides from runoff water. However, the detailed fate of pesticides in the planted filters still remains elusive. This hampers an accurate assessment of environmental risks of the pesticides related to their fate and thereby development of proper mitigation strategies. In addition, a test system for the chemical fate analysis including plants and in particular for planted filters is not well established yet. Therefore, we developed a microcosm test to simulate the fate of pesticide in planted filters, and applied 2-13C,15N-glyphosate as a model pesticide. The fate of 2-13C,15N-glyphosate in the planted microcosms over 31 day-incubation period was balanced and compared with that in the unplanted microcosms. The mass balance of 2-13C,15N-glyphosate turnover included 13C mineralization, degradation products, and the 13C and 15N incorporation into the rhizosphere microbial biomass and plants. We observed high removal of glyphosate (> 88%) from the water mainly due to adsorption on gravel in both microcosms. More glyphosate was degraded in the planted microcosms with 4.1% of 13C being mineralized, 1.5% of 13C and 3.8% of 15N being incorporated into microbial biomass. In the unplanted microcosms, 1.1% of 13C from 2-13C,15N-glyphosate was mineralized, and only 0.2% of 13C and 0.1% of 15N were assimilated into microbial biomass. The total recovery of 13C and 15N was 81% and 85% in planted microcosms, and 91% and 93% in unplanted counterparts, respectively. The microcosm test was thus proven to be feasible for mass balance assessments of the fate of non-volatile chemicals in planted filters. The results of such studies could help better manage and design planted filters for pesticide removal.", "keywords": ["Glyphosate", "Glycine", "Water", "Pesticides", "Plants", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119211"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c08208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-19", "title": "An Automated Methodology for Non-targeted Compositional Analysis of Small Molecules in High Complexity Environmental Matrices Using Coupled Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry", "description": "Abstract The life-critical matrices of air and water are among the most complex chemical mixtures that are ever encountered. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometers, such as the Orbitrap, provide unprecedented analytical capabilities to probe the molecular composition of such matrices, but the extraction of non-targeted chemical information is impractical to perform via manual data processing. Automated non-targeted tools rapidly extract the chemical information of all detected compounds within a sample dataset. However, these methods have not been exploited in the environmental sciences. Here, we provide an automated and (for the first time) rigorously tested methodology for the non-targeted compositional analysis of environmental matrices using coupled liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric data. First, the robustness and reproducibility was tested using authentic standards, evaluating performance as a function of concentration, ionization potential and sample complexity. The method was then used for the compositional analysis of particulate matter and surface waters collected from world-wide locations. The method detected >9,600 compounds in the individual environmental samples, arising from critical pollutant sources, including carcinogenic industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, among others. This methodology offers considerable advances in the environmental sciences, providing a more complete assessment of sample compositions, whilst significantly increasing throughput.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "1600", "2304", "Reproducibility of Results", "Pesticides", "01 natural sciences", "Chromatography", " High Pressure Liquid", "Mass Spectrometry", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/36790/1/An%20Automated%20Methodology%20for%20Non-targeted%20Compositional%20Analysis%20of%20Small%20Molecules%20in%20High%20Complexity%20Environmental%20Matrice.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174399/1/acs.est.0c08208.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c08208"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c08208", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c08208", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c08208"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.2c03397", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Spatial Control of Microbial Pesticide Degradation in Soil: A Model-Based Scenario Analysis", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Despite all legislative efforts, pesticides persist in soils at low concentrations and are leached to groundwater. This environmental issue has previously been associated with control factors relevant in natural soils but elusive in lab experiments and standard modeling approaches. One such factor is the small-scale spatial distribution of pesticide-degrading microorganisms in soil. Microbes are distributed heterogeneously in natural soils. They are aggregated in biogeochemical &amp;#8220;hotspots&amp;#8221; at the centimeter scale. The aim of our study is to investigate the relevance of such aggregation for pesticide degradation. For this, we upscaled the effect of the heterogeneity-induced accessibility limitations to degradation to the soil-column scale and analyzed kinetic constraints and amplifying factors under contrasting unsaturated flow regimes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We performed a 2D spatially explicit, site-specific model-based scenario analysis for bioreactive transport of the model pesticide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in an arable soil (Luvisol). Stochastic centimeter-scale spatial distributions of microbial degraders were simulated with a spatial statistical model (log Gaussian Cox process), parametrized to meet experimentally observed spatial distribution metrics. Three heterogeneity levels were considered, representing homogenized soil conditions, and the lower and upper limit of expected microbial spatial aggregation in natural soils. Additionally, two contrasting precipitation scenarios (continuous light rain vs. heavy rain events directly following MCPA application) were assessed. A reactive transport model was set up to simulate a 0.3 m x 0.9 m soil column based on hydraulic and bioreactive measurements from a soil monitoring station (Germany, SM#3/ DFG CRC 1253 CAMPOS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our simulations revealed that heavy precipitation events were the main driver of pesticide leaching. Leached amounts from the topsoil increased by two to five orders of magnitude compared to the light rain scenario and at max. ca. 20 ng was leached from 90 cm after one year. With the increasing spatial aggregation of microbial degraders, upscaled pesticide degradation rates decreased, and considerable differences emerged between homogeneous and highly aggregated scenarios. In the latter, leaching from the plow layer into the subsoil was more pronounced and MCPA was detectable (LOD = 4 &amp;#181;g/kg) 5-6 times longer. In heterogeneous scenarios, degradation in microbial hotspots was mainly diffusion-limited during &amp;#8220;hot moments&amp;#8221; (times of high substrate availability), with a fraction of MCPA simultaneously &amp;#8220;locked in&amp;#8221; in coldspots with low microbial abundance. During intense precipitation events MCPA was remobilised from these coldspots by advective-dispersive transport, thereby increasing pesticide accessibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results indicate that predicted environmental concentrations and detectability of pesticides might be underestimated if spatial heterogeneity of microbial degraders is neglected, and they highlight the importance of heavy rain events as drivers of leaching and substrate accessibility.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Herbicides", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid", "Pesticides", "15. Life on land", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c03397"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03397"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.2c03397", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.2c03397", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.2c03397"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-04", "title": "A critical evaluation of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers against their conventional analogues", "description": "Among a wide range of possible applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, there has been a particular interest in developing novel nanoagrochemicals. While some concerns have been expressed regarding altered risk profile of the new products, many foresee a great potential to support the necessary increase in global food production in a sustainable way. A critical evaluation of nanoagrochemicals against conventional analogues is essential to assess the associated benefits and risks. In this assessment, recent literature was critically analysed to determine the extent to which nanoagrochemicals differ from conventional products. Our analysis was based on 78 published papers and shows that median gain in efficacy relative to conventional products is about 20-30%. Environmental fate of agrochemicals can be altered by nanoformulations, but changes may not necessarily translate in a reduction of the environmental impact. Many studies lacked nano-specific quality assurance and adequate controls. Currently, there is no comprehensive study in the literature that evaluates efficacy and environmental impact of nanoagrochemicals under field conditions. This is a crucial knowledge gap and more work will thus be necessary for a sound evaluation of the benefits and new risks that nanoagrochemicals represent relative to existing products.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "105904 Environmental research", "210006 Nanotechnology", "ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES", "PHOSPHORUS-FERTILIZER", "02 engineering and technology", "BETA-CYFLUTHRIN", "01 natural sciences", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "PESTICIDE", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS", "CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS", "Nanobiotechnology", "IN-VITRO", "SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES", "SOIL", "210006 Nanotechnologie", "13. Climate action", "BIOEFFICACY EVALUATION", "technology", "105904 Umweltforschung", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-018-0131-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Nanotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41565-018-0131-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Seasonal variation of pesticides in surface water and drinking water wells in the annual cycle in western Poland, and potential health risk assessment", "description": "Abstract

Drinking water wells on a riverbank filtration sites are exposed to contamination from farmlands (like pesticides) that had migrated from the contaminated river. In this study, pesticide contamination of the Warta River and riverbank filtration water at the Mosina-Krajkowo well field (Poland) were examined during the annual cycle. Among the 164 pesticides analysed, 25 were identified. The highest concentrations occurred in the river water and decreased along the flow path from the river to wells. Only the most persistent substances were detected at the farthest points. During the study, seasonal changes in pesticide concentrations and differences in the types of occurring substances were observed. Most substances and the highest concentrations were detected in May 2018, while the lowest number and the lowest concentrations were detected in February 2018. Spring is the period of increased exposure of water to pollution, which is correlated with increased pesticides use and increased rainfall. Seven toxic and persistent pesticides were found with the highest concentrations in water: isoproturon, nicosulfuron, imidacloprid, terbuthylazine, chlorotoluron, S-metalachlor, and prometryn. Pesticides are widely used in the study area; therefore, a potential health risk assessment was performed. The hazard quotient (HQ) values did not exceed one, which indicated a less significant health risk.

", "keywords": ["Science", "Drinking Water", "Q", "R", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Poland", "Seasons", "Pesticides", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07385-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1071148", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-27", "title": "Soil Fertility And Biodiversity In Organic Farming", "description": "

An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil quality", "Manure", "Soil", "Soil biology", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Pesticides", "Fertilizers", "Arthropods", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Switzerland", "Triticum", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1071148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1071148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1071148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1071148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13031/2013.13599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-22", "title": "Effectiveness Of Vegetated Buffer Strips In Reducing Pesticide Transport In Simulated Runoff", "description": "Several processes take place within vegetated buffer strips that affect their performance. To better understand these processes, a runoff study was conducted to evaluate vegetated buffer strips performance in reducing atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos transport as affected by the drainage area to buffer strip area ratio. The simulated runoff water mixed with pesticide\u2013treated soil was distributed onto six vegetated buffer strips, each 1.52 m wide . 20.12 m long, located downslope of the inflow distribution tank in a well established vegetated grassed waterway. These strips provided for three replications of two inflow rates designated as \u201cdrainage area/buffer strip area ratio treatments\u201d of 15:1 and 30:1. Infiltration for the 15:1 treatment averaged 38.8% of the inflow volume, whereas it averaged 30.4% for the 30:1 treatment. Sediment retention efficiencies averaged 90.1% and 86.8% for the 15:1 and 30:1 treatments, respectively. Concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor associated with sediment outflows from the strips were larger than their respective inflow concentrations, while the results were opposite for chlorpyrifos. Concentrations in runoff water for both atrazine and metolachlor in outflow from the strips were smaller than the inflow concentrations; again, the results were opposite for chlorpyrifos. The 15:1 treatment retained an average of 52.5% of the total input of atrazine, 54.4% of metolachlor, and 83.1% of chlorpyrifos. Corresponding numbers for the 30:1 treatment were 46.8% for atrazine, 48.1% for metolachlor, and 76.9% for chlorpyrifos. Analysis of variance using the randomized block design showed that differences of percent retention of pesticide between treatments were not significant for any of the three pesticides at the 10% significance level. A lack of significant difference indicates either a need for more than three replications and/or larger area ratio treatments to be studied. The results of this study indicate that a 30:1 area ratio buffer strip could perform equally as well as a 15:1 area ratio buffer strip. Thus, less land would be required under buffer strips to get the desired results.", "keywords": ["Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Runoff", "Agriculture", "Buffer strips", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Filter strips", "6. Clean water", "Metolachlor", "Pesticide", "Water quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Chlorpyrifos", "Herbicide", "Best management practices", "Insecticide", "Simulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Arora, Kapil, Mickelson, Steven, Baker, James,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.13599"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transactions%20of%20the%20ASAE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13031/2013.13599", "name": "item", "description": "10.13031/2013.13599", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13031/2013.13599"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538.v1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-26", "title": "Advanced Solid State Nano-electrochemical Sensors and System for Agri 4.0 Applications", "description": "

Global food production needs to increase in order to meet the demands of an ever growing population. As resources are finite, the most feasible way to meet this demand is to minimize losses and improving efficiency. Regular monitoring of factors like animal health, soil and water quality for example, can ensure that the resources are being used to their maximum efficiency. Existing monitoring techniques however have limitations, such as portability, turnaround time and requirement for additional reagents. In this work, we explore the use of micro and nano scale electrode devices, for the development of electrochemical sensing platform to digitalize a wide range of applications within the Agri-food sector. With this platform, we demonstrate the direct electrochemical detection of pesticides, specifically clothianidin and imidacloprid with detection limits of 0.22 ng/mL and 2.14 ng/mL respectively, and nitrates with a detection limit of 0.2 \u00b5M. In addition, interdigitated electrode structures also enable an in-situ pH control technique to mitigate pH as an interference and modify analyte response. This technique is applied to the analysis of monochloramine, a common water disinfectant. Concerning biosensing, the sensors are modified with biomolecular probes for the detection of both bovine viral diarrhea virus particles and antibodies, over a range of 1 ng/mL to 10 \u00b5g/mL. Finally, a portable analogue front end electronic reader is developed to allow portable sensing, with control and readout undertaken using a smart phone application. Finally, the sensor chip platform is integrated with these electronics to provide a fully functional end-to-end smart sensor system compatible with emerging AgriFood digital decision support tools.

", "keywords": ["Ph control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "Electrochemical sensors", "Pesticides", "virus detection", "agriculture", "Virus detection", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "nitrates", "Chemical technology", "pH control", "electrochemical sensors", "Agriculture", "pesticides", "biosensors", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "Nanosensors", "Biosensors", "0210 nano-technology", "nanosensors"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538.v1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538.v1", "name": "item", "description": "10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538.v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538.v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/pac-2022-0201", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-28", "title": "Pesticide soil microbial toxicity: setting the scene for a new pesticide risk assessment for soil microorganisms (IUPAC Technical Report)", "description": "Abstract

Pesticides constitute an integral part of modern agriculture. However, there are still concerns about their effects on non-target organisms. To address this the European Commission has imposed a stringent regulatory scheme for new pesticide compounds. Assessment of the aquatic toxicity of pesticides is based on a range of advanced tests. This does not apply to terrestrial ecosystems, where the toxicity of pesticides on soil microorganisms, is based on an outdated and crude test (N mineralization). This regulatory gap is reinforced by the recent methodological and standardization advances in soil microbial ecology. The inclusion of such standardized tools in a revised risk assessment scheme will enable the accurate estimation of the toxicity of pesticides on soil microorganisms and on associated ecosystem services. In this review we (i) summarize recent work in the assessment of the soil microbial toxicity of pesticides and point to ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as most relevant bioindicator groups (ii) identify limitations in the experimental approaches used and propose mitigation solutions, (iii) identify scientific gaps and (iv) propose a new risk assessment procedure to assess the effects of pesticides on soil microorganisms.ABSTRACT The market of stabilized, slow and controlled release nitrogen (N) fertilizers represents 1% of the world fertilizer consumption. On the other hand, the increase in availability, innovation and application of these technologies could lead to the improvement of N use efficiency in agroecossystems and to the reduction of environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to quantify agronomic efficiency relative index, ammonia volatilization, and CO2 emissions from conventional, stabilized and controlled release N fertilizers in corn summer crop. The experiment was carried out in a corn crop area located in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, without irrigation. All treatments were applied in topdressing at rate of 150 kg ha-1 N. N-NH3 losses from N fertilizers were: Granular urea (39% of the applied N ) = prilled urea (38%) > urea coated with 16% S0 (32%) = blend of urea + 7.9% S0 + polymers + conventional urea (32%) > prilled urea incorporated at 0.02 m depth (24%) > urea + 530 mg kg-1 of NBPT (8%) = Hydrolyzed leather (9%) > urea + thermoplastic resin (3%) = ammonium sulfate (1%) = ammonium nitrate (0.7%). Thermoplastic resin coated urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate presented low values of cumulative CO2 emissions in corn crop. On the other hand, hydrolyzed leather promoted greater C-CO2 emission, when compared with other nitrogen fertilizers.

", "keywords": ["Coated urea", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture (General)", "Biomedical Engineering", "no-tillage", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Pesticide Pollution and Management", "Ammonia volatilization from urea", "FOS: Medical engineering", "Nitrate", "S1-972", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Fertilizer", "Zea mays L.", "Ammonia", "perdas de NH3", "Agricultural Applications", "Urea", "Ammonium nitrate", "Ammonium sulfate", "Biology", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "4. Education", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "plantio direto", "Controlled Release Materials for Agriculture", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NH3 loss", "CO2", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017415003917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ci%C3%AAncia%20e%20Agrotecnologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1413-70542017415003917", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1413-70542017415003917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1413-70542017415003917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wcc.2024.064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-20", "title": "Model-based analysis of the impact of climate change on hydrology in the Guayas River basin (Ecuador)", "description": "ABSTRACT

Worldwide climate change will most likely lead to drastic changes in hydrology and food production. In this study, the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and the fate of pesticides in the Guayas River basin is investigated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Four general circulation models and three representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) for three future periods were used to assess impact of climate change. Future projections showed a maximum increase in the average monthly precipitation of 40% in June, as well as an increase in an average minimum temperature of 3.85\uffc2\uffb0C for July and an average maximum temperature of 4.5\uffc2\uffb0C for August in 2080s. The model simulations based on RCP 8.5 scenario predict an increase in potential evapotranspiration by 11%, surface runoff of 39% and water yield of 33% in 2080s. The pesticide simulation showed the highest water concentrations during the wet season. Projections of trends in pesticide concentration indicate a similar trend to the current situation given the application rate remains the same. The results can be beneficial for the management and planning of the basin to mitigate flood and water quality-related impacts of food production and climate change.Pesticides are widely used in conventional agriculture, either applied separately or in combination during the culture cycle. Due to their occurrence and persistence in soils, pesticide residues may have an impact on soil microbial communities and on supported ecosystem services. In this regard, the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recently published a scientific opinion inciting to change pesticide risk assessment to better protect soil microbe-mediated processes. Climate change is another major concern for all living organisms including soil microbial community stability. Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves or heavy rainfalls, are becoming more and more frequent and their impact on soil microbial diversity and functions have already been demonstrated.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity disturbances and pesticide active ingredients exposure on soil microbial community structure and functions. To this end, 250 soil microcosms were exposed to either a heat disturbance, a high humidity to mimic heavy rain, or no environmental disturbance. After three days of recovery, soil microcosms were treated with different active ingredients: clopyralid (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide) and pyraclostrobin (fungicide). The treatments were applied alone or in combination at 1x or 10x of the agronomical dose. We then evaluated the effects of the disturbances and the active ingredients on various microbial endpoints related to the diversity and the structure of soil microbial communities, and with a specific focus on microbial guilds involved in nitrification.

Overall, we demonstrated that the impact of environmental disturbances applied to soil microcosms, especially heat, on microbial endpoints was stronger than that of the active ingredients applied alone or in combinations. Compounded effects of environmental disturbances and active ingredients were detected, but sparsely and were of small scale for the chosen pesticides and applied doses.Global food production needs to increase in order to meet the demands of an ever growing population. As resources are finite, the most feasible way to meet this demand is to minimize losses and improving efficiency. Regular monitoring of factors like animal health, soil and water quality for example, can ensure that the resources are being used to their maximum efficiency. Existing monitoring techniques however have limitations, such as portability, turnaround time and requirement for additional reagents. In this work, we explore the use of micro and nano scale electrode devices, for the development of electrochemical sensing platform to digitalize a wide range of applications within the Agri-food sector. With this platform, we demonstrate the direct electrochemical detection of pesticides, specifically clothianidin and imidacloprid with detection limits of 0.22 ng/mL and 2.14 ng/mL respectively, and nitrates with a detection limit of 0.2 \uffc2\uffb5M. In addition, interdigitated electrode structures also enable an in-situ pH control technique to mitigate pH as an interference and modify analyte response. This technique is applied to the analysis of monochloramine, a common water disinfectant. Concerning biosensing, the sensors are modified with biomolecular probes for the detection of both bovine viral diarrhea virus particles and antibodies, over a range of 1 ng/mL to 10 \uffc2\uffb5g/mL. Finally, a portable analogue front end electronic reader is developed to allow portable sensing, with control and readout undertaken using a smart phone application. Finally, the sensor chip platform is integrated with these electronics to provide a fully functional end-to-end smart sensor system compatible with emerging AgriFood digital decision support tools.

", "keywords": ["Ph control", "TP1-1185", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "Electrochemical sensors", "Pesticides", "virus detection", "agriculture", "Virus detection", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Sensors", "nitrates", "Chemical technology", "pH control", "electrochemical sensors", "Analytical Apparatus", "600", "Agriculture", "pesticides", "biosensors", "6. Clean water", "0104 chemical sciences", "Nanosensors", "Biosensors", "electrochecmial", "0210 nano-technology", "Electrochemical Analysis", "nanosensors"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538", "name": "item", "description": "10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.26434/chemrxiv.14293538"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.01904", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-05", "title": "Field Exploitation of Multiple Functions of Beneficial Microorganisms for Plant Nutrition and Protection: Real Possibility or Just a Hope?", "description": "Bioproducts, i.e., microbial based pesticides or fertilizers (biopesticides and biofertilizers), should be expected to play an ever-increasing role and application in agricultural practices world-wide in the effort to implement policies concerned with sustainable agriculture. However, several microbial strains have proven the capacity to augment plant productivity by enhancing crop nutrition and functioning as biopesticides, or vice-versa. This multifunctionality is an issue that is still not included as a concept and possibility in any legal provision regarding the placing on the market of bioproducts, and indicates difficulties in clearly classifying the purpose of their suitability. In this review, we overview the current understanding of the mechanisms in plant-microbe interactions underlining the dual function of microbial strains toward plant nutrition and protection. The prospects of market development for multifunctional bioproducts are then considered in view of the current regulatory approach in the European Union, in an effort that wants to stimulate a wider adoption of the new knowledge on the role played by microorganisms in crop production.", "keywords": ["biofertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "biopesticides", "0303 health sciences", "multifunctional bioproducts", "endophytes", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "biofertilizers", " biopesticides", " microbial consortia", " multifunctional bioproducts", " plant growth-promoting microorganisms", " endophytes", "QR1-502", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant growth-promoting microorganisms", "microbial consortia"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kowalska Jolanta, Tyburski J\u00f3zef, Matysiak Kinga, Tylkowski Bartosz, Malus\u00e1 Eligio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01904"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.01904", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.01904", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01904"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-03", "title": "Current Methods, Common Practices, and Perspectives in Tracking and Monitoring Bioinoculants in Soil", "description": "

Microorganisms promised to lead the bio-based revolution for a more sustainable agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms could be a valid alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. However, the increasing use of microbial inoculants is also raising several questions about their efficacy and their effects on the autochthonous soil microorganisms. There are two major issues on the application of bioinoculants to soil: (i) their detection in soil, and the analysis of their persistence and fate; (ii) the monitoring of the impact of the introduced bioinoculant on native soil microbial communities. This review explores the strategies and methods that can be applied to the detection of microbial inoculants and to soil monitoring. The discussion includes a comprehensive critical assessment of the available tools, based on morpho-phenological, molecular, and microscopic analyses. The prospects for future development of protocols for regulatory or commercial purposes are also discussed, underlining the need for a multi-method (polyphasic) approach to ensure the necessary level of discrimination required to track and monitor bioinoculants in soil.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "biopesticides", "0303 health sciences", "soil", " detection", " microbial inoculants", " bacteria", " fungi", " biofertilisers", " biopesticides", " microorganisms", "detection", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "biofertilisers", "fungi", "microorganisms", "bacteria", "microbial inoculants"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/453430/1/fmicb-12-698491.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2020.535005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-17", "title": "Bioaugmentation of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Sustainable Agriotes Larvae (Wireworms) Management in Maize", "description": "Soil microorganisms influence biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of crops. Most interactions between plant symbiotic and non-symbiotic soil microorganisms and plants occur in the rhizosphere and are sustained through plant exudation/rhizodeposition. Bioaugmentation, i.e., the introduction or amplification of certain plant beneficial microbes (e.g., entomopathogenic fungi) into the rhizosphere, could contribute to controlling insect crop pests and replacing chemical, environmentally unfriendly insecticides. Wireworms, the soil-burrowing larval stages of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), are major pests of crops including maize, wheat and potatoes, worldwide. Alternative strategies for controlling wireworms are needed because several chemical pesticides used successfully in the past are being phased out because of their ecotoxicity. Therefore, virulence to Agriotes lineatus L. wireworms and plant beneficial traits of entomopathogenic fungi were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Tested taxa included environmentally retrieved Metarhizium brunneum Petch. (two strains), M. robertsii Bisch., Rehner & Humber (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), and Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch. and commercially formulated B. bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner 1915 var. kurstaki. In-house reared larvae were dipped in conidial suspension, and maize and wheat seeds were coated with fungal conidia. Metarhizium brunneum strains 1154 and 1868 significantly increased wireworm mortality. Fungi were significantly more often re-isolated from maize than wheat rhizoplanes in laboratory assays. The strains tested were rarely isolated as endophytes. Metarhizium brunneum strain 1154 stimulated wheat growth, while M. robertsii 1880 stimulated maize growth, whereas M. brunneum 1868 and others did not affect root or shoot length or plant biomass significantly in laboratory settings. Metarhizium brunneum strain 1868, re-isolated most often from maize rhizoplane, caused the highest wireworm mortality. It was further evaluated whether M. brunneum 1868 can protect maize varieties FeroXXY, LG 34.90 and Chapalu from wireworm damage and promote plant growth at field conditions. Plants of all three varieties stemming from seeds treated with conidia of M. brunneum 1868 showed significantly less wireworm damage 3 to 4 weeks after sowing (5- to 6-leaf stage) resulting in a significantly higher initial maize stand. However, only in the variety LG 34.90\u00a0a significant increase of the maize stand was observed at harvest time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "plant\u2013microbe interaction", "biological control", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "biopesticide", "plant\u2013microbe\u2013insect interaction", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "sustainable agriculture", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant-microbe-pest interaction", "13. Climate action", "biocontrol", "rhizosphere"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.535005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2020.535005", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2020.535005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2020.535005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1143657", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-14", "title": "Editorial: Plant root interaction with associated microbiomes to improve plant resiliency and crop biodiversity, volume II", "keywords": ["biofertilizers", "0106 biological sciences", "biopesticides", "bioinocula safety", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "plant-soil-microbiome interactions", "soil sickness", "rhizobium symbiosis", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1143657"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1143657", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1143657", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2023.1143657"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w10101457", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-16", "title": "Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Organic Micropollutants during Riverbank Filtration in Krajkowo, Poland", "description": "

The aim of this article is to evaluate the removal of natural organic matter and micropollutants at a riverbank filtration site in Krajkowo, Poland, and its dependence on the distance between the wells and the river and related travel times. A high reduction in dissolved organic carbon (40\uffe2\uff80\uff9342%), chemical oxygen demand (65\uffe2\uff80\uff9370%), and colour (42\uffe2\uff80\uff9347%) was found in the riverbank filtration wells at a distance of 60\uffe2\uff80\uff9380 m from the river. A lower reduction in dissolved organic carbon (26%), chemical oxygen demand (42%), and colour (33%) was observed in a horizontal well. At greater distances of the wells from the river, the removal of pharmaceutical residues and pesticides was in the range of 52\uffe2\uff80\uff9366% and 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9366%, respectively. The highest removal of pharmaceutical residues and pesticides was found in a well located 250 m from the river and no micropollutants were detected in a well located 680 m from the river. The results provide evidence of the high efficacy of riverbank filtration for contaminant removal.

", "keywords": ["riverbank filtration", "removal efficacy", "13. Climate action", "pharmaceutical residues", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "dissolved organic carbon (DOC)", "pesticides", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/10/1457/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101457"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w10101457", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w10101457", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w10101457"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15697", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Spatial controls of microbial pesticide degradation in soils &#8211; A model-based scenario analysis", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Despite all legislative efforts, pesticides persist in soils at low concentrations and are leached to groundwater. This environmental issue has previously been associated with control factors relevant in natural soils but elusive in lab experiments and standard modeling approaches. One such factor is the small-scale spatial distribution of pesticide-degrading microorganisms in soil. Microbes are distributed heterogeneously in natural soils. They are aggregated in biogeochemical &amp;#8220;hotspots&amp;#8221; at the centimeter scale. The aim of our study is to investigate the relevance of such aggregation for pesticide degradation. For this, we upscaled the effect of the heterogeneity-induced accessibility limitations to degradation to the soil-column scale and analyzed kinetic constraints and amplifying factors under contrasting unsaturated flow regimes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We performed a 2D spatially explicit, site-specific model-based scenario analysis for bioreactive transport of the model pesticide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in an arable soil (Luvisol). Stochastic centimeter-scale spatial distributions of microbial degraders were simulated with a spatial statistical model (log Gaussian Cox process), parametrized to meet experimentally observed spatial distribution metrics. Three heterogeneity levels were considered, representing homogenized soil conditions, and the lower and upper limit of expected microbial spatial aggregation in natural soils. Additionally, two contrasting precipitation scenarios (continuous light rain vs. heavy rain events directly following MCPA application) were assessed. A reactive transport model was set up to simulate a 0.3 m x 0.9 m soil column based on hydraulic and bioreactive measurements from a soil monitoring station (Germany, SM#3/ DFG CRC 1253 CAMPOS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our simulations revealed that heavy precipitation events were the main driver of pesticide leaching. Leached amounts from the topsoil increased by two to five orders of magnitude compared to the light rain scenario and at max. ca. 20 ng was leached from 90 cm after one year. With the increasing spatial aggregation of microbial degraders, upscaled pesticide degradation rates decreased, and considerable differences emerged between homogeneous and highly aggregated scenarios. In the latter, leaching from the plow layer into the subsoil was more pronounced and MCPA was detectable (LOD = 4 &amp;#181;g/kg) 5-6 times longer. In heterogeneous scenarios, degradation in microbial hotspots was mainly diffusion-limited during &amp;#8220;hot moments&amp;#8221; (times of high substrate availability), with a fraction of MCPA simultaneously &amp;#8220;locked in&amp;#8221; in coldspots with low microbial abundance. During intense precipitation events MCPA was remobilised from these coldspots by advective-dispersive transport, thereby increasing pesticide accessibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results indicate that predicted environmental concentrations and detectability of pesticides might be underestimated if spatial heterogeneity of microbial degraders is neglected, and they highlight the importance of heavy rain events as drivers of leaching and substrate accessibility.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Herbicides", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid", "Pesticides", "15. Life on land", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c03397"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15697"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15697", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15697", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15697"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.12821804", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "UCLM_UJA_OPEN_Pesticides Copper Data SOIL O-LIVE PROJECT 2024 RP1", "description": "Database with Pesticides and Copper Data within the frame of the WP2 Diagnosis phase in SOIL O-LIVE PROJECT", "keywords": ["copper", "pesticides", "soil o-live"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Castilla-La Mancha, University of Ja\u00e9n,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12821804"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.12821804", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.12821804", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.12821804"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13346794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:18Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D6.10_Presence of pesticide residues in olive oil (SOIL O-LIVE_HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "D6.10 Report on the presence of pesticide residues in olive oil samples from selected olive groves (intermediate). (T6.5.)", "keywords": ["D6.10", "pesticides", "soil o-live", "olive grove", "olive oil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Ja\u00e9n", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346794"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13346794", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13346794", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13346794"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14275817", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:36Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D2.1_Pesticides and copper report (I) (SOIL O-LIVE_HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "D2.1: Technical report on the pre-operational status of contamination by pesticides and copper in olive groves. (T2.1)", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "soil o-live", "D2.1", "Pesticides", "6. Clean water", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "University of Castilla-La Mancha", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275817"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14275817", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14275817", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14275817"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29990941", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil", "description": "The intensive use of pesticide and plastic mulches has considerably enhanced crop growth and yield. Pesticide residues and plastic debris, however, have caused serious environmental problems. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used herbicide glyphosate and micrometre-sized plastic debris, referred as microplastics, on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil by a microcosm experiment over 30 days incubation. Results showed that glyphosate decay was gradual and followed a single first-order decay kinetics model. In different treatments (with/without microplastic addition), glyphosate showed similar half-lives (32.8 days). The soil content of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main metabolite of glyphosate, steadily increased without reaching plateau and declining phases throughout the experiment. Soil microbial respiration significantly changed throughout the entirety of the experiment, particularly in the treatments with higher microplastic addition. The dynamics of soil \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase varied, especially in the treatments with high microplastic addition. Particles that were considerably smaller than the initially added microplastic particles were observed after 30 days incubation. This result thus implied that microplastic would hardly affect glyphosate decay but smaller plastic particles accumulated in soils which potentially threaten soil quality would be further concerned especially in the regions with intensive plastic mulching application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastic", "Glycine", "Pesticide Residues", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "Pesticide decay", "Models", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Soil microbial activities", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/29990941"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "29990941", "name": "item", "description": "29990941", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/29990941"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2a3c235d-08b0-4d9f-8f4c-c8f502eb8215", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.51, 52.33], [9.51, 54.76], [14.24, 54.76], [14.24, 52.33], [9.51, 52.33]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-07-17", "type": "Service", "created": "2025-05-23", "language": "eng", "title": "Web Map Service of the dataset 'Field data of benthic invertebrate and pesticide effects in 159 samples from 138 small water bodies the northeast German lowlands'", "description": "This Web Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'Field data of benthic invertebrate and pesticide effects in 159 samples from 138 small water bodies the northeast German lowlands'", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "agriculture", "arable farming", "chemical contamination", "cropping systems", "farmland", "freshwater ecosystem", "freshwater invertebrates", "grasslands", "habitats", "indicators", "pesticides", "ponds", "water pollution", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Uckermark", "MonVia"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "https://ror.org/01ygyzs83", "name_url": "", "description": "ROR", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Fee Nanett Trau", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Fee-nanett.trau@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-1983-6022", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Lena Charlotte Ruf", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Lena.ruf@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-6395-343X", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Karin Meinikmann", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Karin.meinikmann@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-4971-359X", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Kathrin Fisch", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Kathrin.fisch@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-1723-1601", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Marlen Heinz", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Marlen.heinz@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-1345-7451", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Stefan Lorenz", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Stefan.lorenz@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2785-3404", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Stefan Lorenz", "organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Stefan.lorenz@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2785-3404", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Julius Kuehn Institute", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - 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The sources of agricultural wastewater are from UNIDEB (Hungary; fermented sludge wastewater and irrigation channel wastewater), UNIBO (Italy; surface irrigation water and agricultural drainage water) and UPWr (Poland; agricultural runoff and ditch).", "keywords": ["Water Analysis", "Micronutrients", "Wastewater", "Pesticides"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eden Tech", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15310473"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15310473", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15310473", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15310473"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15312399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:54Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Deliverable D6.9_Pesticide analysis protocols and quality guidelines (oil) (SOIL O-LIVE_HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "D6.9 Pesticide analysis protocols and quality guidelines. 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Life on land", "soil structure", "soil pesticides"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S\u00e1nchez-Navarro, Virginia, \u00d6zbolat, Onurcan, Mart\u00ednez-Mena, Mar\u00eda, Boix-Fayos, Carolina, D\u00edaz-Pereira, Elvira, Cuartero, Jessica, Pascual, Jose Antonio, Ros, Margarita, Egea-Cortines, Marcos, Belmonte, Ra\u00fal Zornoza,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4765528"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4765528", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4765528", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4765528"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5150647", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:24:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil microarthropods, ground-dwelling arthropods and soil properties in mown and grazed grasslands in the Veluwe region", "description": "Open AccessIn order to find out which factors limit the restoration of soil life and their ecosystem services under grasslands on sandy soils, we studied 40 grasslands of which 20 had agricultural and 20 nature land use, all after an agricultural history. Site selection Within the Veluwe region (The Netherlands), we selected 40 grasslands: 20 agricultural grasslands and 20 nature grasslands which were managed as new nature reserves since last tillage. Within each of these two land-use types, two types of grassland management were selected: mowing and grazing. Within each of the four combinations of land use and management we selected ten grasslands over a broad age range since last tillage. All grasslands were located on sandy soils (Typic Haploquod and Plaggeptic Haploquod; Soil Survey Staff 1999) with a deep water table to rule out dispersal of soil fauna during waterlogging (Siepel 1996; Jabbour & Barbercheck 2008). Vegetation and insect surveys Within each grassland a 5\ufffd\ufffd5 meter monitoring plot was laid-out for plant cover surveys, insect and soil-microarthropod sampling and soil analyses. The vegetation surveys were carried out in 2019 at the end of May and in early June, using the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1932). In June 2019 soil-surface dwelling insects were sampled with a pitfall trap (Wiggers et al. 2015). Three pitfall traps (8 cm diameter, ca. 20 cm deep) were placed in each plot. Traps were half filled with a solution of water and glycol (3:1) and 3 % Extran soap. A plexiglass cover 20 cm above the trap prevented rainfall diluting the liquid. Traps were removed and emptied after seven days. Insects were identified and grouped at the order level, however, predator groups (carabid and staphylinid beetles, ants and spiders) were identified to the species level in order to group those by their feeding guild. Before analyzing the pitfall trap catches we first removed certain groups from the counts because pitfall traps are not well-suited to catch them systematically: Acari, Collembola, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Symphyta, Apocrita, and Parasitica. The remaining 62.0% of the caught individuals were surface-dwelling animals, and their totals (of three pitfall traps per site) were analyzed with negative-binomial generalized linear models. We also analyzed the subset of predators (73.6% of the surface dwellers). Soil chemical and pesticide sampling and analysis On 8, 9 and 16 October 2019, a bulk soil sample of 50 soil cores (0 - 10 cm) was collected from each 5\ufffd\ufffd5 meter monitoring plot. After homogenization a sub-sample was analyzed for soil chemical analysis. Prior to chemical analysis, samples were oven-dried at 40 \ufffd\ufffdC. Soil acidity of the oven-dried samples was measured in 1 M KCl (pH-KCl). Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was determined by loss-on-ignition (Ball 1964). Ammonium-lactate-extractable P (PAL) was determined according to the standard method (Bronswijk et al. 2003). Total potassium (K) in solution was determined using flame photometry after extraction of soil with HCl (0.1 M) and oxalic acid (0.5 M) in a 1:10 M:V ratio and filtration (Bronswijk et al. 2003). Clay (<2 \ufffd\ufffdm diameter) content was determined through density fractionation (NEN 5753, 2018). Another soil sub-sample was sent to Eurofins Zeeuws-Vlaanderen for pesticide/residue analysis. Samples were freeze-dried and homogenized prior to analysis. Homogenized samples were extracted with acetone, petroleum ether and dichloro-methane using an optimized mini-Luke method. In total 664 pesticides and pesticide residues were analyzed with gas chromatography (Agilent) and liquid chromatography (LC-chromatograph (Agilent) and MSMS (Sciex)). Glyphosate, its residue AMPA and gluphosinate were analyzed using single residue analysis. The detection limit (LOD) was 0,1 mg per kg sample. Soil microarthropods sampling and determination Grasslands were sampled for microarthropods on 8, 9 and 16 October 2019, taking three cores per monitoring plot of 5\ufffd\ufffd5 m. Cores were 5 cm \ufffd\ufffd and 5 cm deep mineral soil plus upper litter. Cores were taken in the middle of the monitoring plots, 1 m apart from each other. Cores were extracted on a Tullgren funnel for 7 days. During that period temperature was increased from 35 to 45 0C. Ethanol 70% was used as conservation fluid and microarthropods obtained were put into lactic acid 30% for clarification and identification (Siepel & van de Bund 1988). Identification for the main groups is according to Weigmann (2006) for Oribatida, Karg (1993) for Gamasina and Karg (1989) for Uropodina. Nomenclature is according to Siepel et al. (2009) (Oribatida), Siepel et al. (2016) (Astigmatina) and Siepel et al. (2018) (Mesostigmata). Litter decomposition To determine the potential decomposition of soil organic matter on each grassland the Tea Bag Index (TBI) was used (Keuskamp et al. 2013). In each grassland four green tea and four rooibos tea bags were buried at 8 cm deep in May 2019 in the 5\ufffd\ufffd5 meter monitoring plots. After 90 days tea bags were collected and stored at 4 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC prior to drying at 70 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdC for 48 hours. After drying, remaining sand and (fine) plant roots were carefully removed and the teabags were weighted to determine weight loss. The decomposition rate (k) and the litter stabilization factor (S) of the tea was calculated using the Tea Bag Index (Keuskamp et al. 2013). Data files siteData.csv site: grassland ID landuse: agricultural or nature land use treat: mowing or grazing management yearsManaged: number of years since last tillage fertilization: kg available nitrogen applied per hectare nGrazingDaysPerHa: livestock days per hectare per year N: mg nitrogen per 100 g PAl: mg P205 per 100 g organicMatter: soil organic matter percentage clay: soil clay percentage nPlantSpecies: number of plant species nForbSpecies: number of forb species nMitesSpringtails: total number of individuals of mites and springtails in three core samples nMitesSpringtailsSpecies: number of mite and springtail species in three core samples shannonMitesSpringtails: Shannon diversity index for microarthropods (mites and springtails) nHerboFungivorousGrazerMitesSpringtails: total number of individuals of mites and springtails that are (herbo-)fungivorous grazers, in three core samples nInsectsSpidersPitfall: number of ground-dwelling insect and spider individuals in pitfall traps nPredatorInsectsSpidersPitfall: number of ground-dwelling insect and spider individuals that are predators, in pitfall traps decompositionRate: decomposition rate based on the Tea Bag Index litterStabilisationFactor: litter stabilization factor based on the Tea Bag Index nPesticides: number of detected pesticides avicidesTotalConcentration: microgram antraquinon per kg dry soil fungicidesTotalConcentration: total microgram of fungicides per kg dry soil insecticidesTotalConcentration: total microgram of insecticides per kg dry soil herbicidesTotalConcentration: total microgram of herbicides per kg dry soil pesticidesTotalConcentration: total microgram of pesticides (avicides+fungicides+herbicides+insecticides) per kg dry soil nPredatorCarabids: number of predator carabid beetles in pitfall traps nPredatorStaphylinids: number of predator staphylinid beetles in pitfall traps distanceToNearestHighway: shortest distance (in meters) to the nearest highway (A-road) distanceToNearestNroad: shortest distance (in meters) to the nearest national road (N-road) mitesSpringtails.csv core: core ID, consisting of the site ID (number) and core-within-site ID (letter) species: soil mite or springtail taxon encountered in a soil core guild: feeding guild of the soil mite or springtail taxon: b: bacterivorous fb: fungivorous browser fg: fungivorous grazer gp: general predator hb: herbivorous browser hfg: (herbo-)fungivorous grazer hg: herbivorous grazer o: omnivore ohf: opportunistic herbo-fungivore droughtSens: drought strategy of soil mite and springtail taxa 1: drought avoiders 2: drought sensitive 3: drought mesotolerant 4: drought tolerant microart: number of individuals of a taxon found in a soil core insecticideData.csv fungicideData.csv herbicideData.csv site: grassland ID other variables: microgram of a certain pesticide per kg dry soil", "keywords": ["2. 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