{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.3389/fagro.2020.605655", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-04", "title": "Combining Seed Dressing and Foliar Applications of Phosphorus Fertilizer Can Give Similar Crop Growth and Yield Benefits to Soil Applications Together With Greater Recovery Rates", "description": "

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers have a dramatic effect on agricultural productivity, but conventional methods of application result in only limited recovery of the applied P. Given the increasing volatility in rock phosphate prices, more efficient strategies for P fertilizer use would be of economic and environmental benefit in the drive for sustainable intensification. This study used a combination of controlled-environment experiments and radioisotopic labeling to investigate the fertilizer use efficiency of a combination of seed (grain) dressing and foliar applications of P to spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Radioisotopic labeling showed that the application of foliar P in the presence of photosynthetic light substantially increased both P-uptake into the leaf and P-mobilization within the plant, especially when an adjuvant was used. When compared with soil application of inorganic P buried into the rooting zone, a combination of a 3 \uffce\uffbcmol seed dressing and three successive 46.3 \uffce\uffbcmol plant\uffe2\uff88\uff921foliar applications were far more efficient at providing P fertilization benefits in P-limiting conditions. We conclude that a combination of seed dressing and foliar applications of P is potentially a better alternative to conventional soil-based application, offering greater efficiency in use of applied P both in terms of P-uptake rate and grain yield. Further work is required to evaluate whether these results can be obtained under a range of field conditions.

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "S", "phosphorus use efficiency", "phosphorus balance", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Long-term experiment; Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen use efficiency; Phosphorus balance; Phosphorus use efficiency; Real field condition", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "real field condition", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3398065/1/Piccoli%20et%20al%20_2021_agronomy-11-01472-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081472"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11081472", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11081472", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11081472"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3398065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-25", "title": "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers", "description": "

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

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