{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-28", "title": "Yield And Water Use Efficiencies Of Maize And Cowpea As Affected By Tillage And Cropping Systems In Semi-Arid Eastern Kenya", "description": "Abstract   Soil water conservation through tillage is widely accepted as one of the ways of improving crop yields in rainfed agriculture. Field experiments were conducted between 2007 and 2009 to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage on the yields and crop water use efficiency of maize ( Zea mays  L.) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata  L.) in eastern Kenya. Experimental treatments were a combination of three tillage practices and four cropping systems. Tillage practices were tied-ridges, subsoiling-ripping and ox-ploughing. The cropping systems were single crop maize, single crop cowpea, intercropped maize\u2013cowpea and single crop maize with manure. The treatments were arranged in split plots with tillage practices as the main plots and cropping systems as the sub-plots in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that tied-ridge tillage had the greatest plant available water content while subsoiling-ripping tillage had the least in all seasons. Averaged across seasons and cropping season, tillage did not have a significant effects on maize grain yield but it did have a significant effect on crop grain and dry matter water use efficiency (WUE). Nevertheless, maize grain yields and WUE values were generally greater under tied-ridge tillage than under subsoiling-ripping and ox-plough tillages. The yields and WUE of cowpea under subsoiling-ripping tillage were less than those of ox-plough tillage. When averaged across the seasons and tillage systems, the cropping system with the manure treatment increased ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) maize grain yield, grain WUE and dry matter WUE by 36%, 30%, 26% respectively, compared to treatments without manure. Maize and cowpea when intercropped under ox-plough and ripping tillage systems did not have any yield advantage over the single crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "water use efficiency", "Soil water depletion", "Plant available water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rainfall distribution", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kironchi, G, Esilaba, A O, Heng, L K, Gachene, C K K, Mwangi, D M, Miriti, J M,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-11", "title": "How and why does willow biochar increase a clay soil water retention capacity?", "description": "Abstract   Addition of biochar into a soil changes its water retention properties by modifying soil textural and structural properties. In addition, internal micrometer-scale porosity that is able to directly store readily plant available water affects soil water retention properties. This study shows how precise knowledge of the internal micrometer-scale pore size distribution of biochar can deepen the understanding of the biochar-water interactions in soils. The micrometer-scale porosity of willow biochar was quantitatively and qualitatively characterized using X-ray tomography, 3D image analysis and Helium ion microscopy. The effect of biochar application on clay soil water retention was studied by conventional water retention curve approach. The results indicate that the internal pores of biochar, with sizes of at 50 and 10\u202f\u03bcm (equivalent pore diameter), increased soil porosity and the amount of readily plant available water. After biochar addition, changes in soil porosity were detected at pore size regimes 5\u201310 and 25\u202f\u03bcm, i.e. biochar pore sizes multiplied by factor 0.5. The detected pore size distribution of biochar does not predict directly (1:1 compatibility) the changes observed in the soil moisture characteristics. It is likely that biochar chemistry and pore morphology affect biochar-water interactions via e.g. surface roughness and contact angle. In addition, biochar induced changes in soil structure and texture affected soil moisture characteristics. However, the approach presented is an attractive pathway to more generalized understanding on how and why biochar internal porosity affects soil moisture characteristics.", "keywords": ["570", "Fysiikka", "ta1171", "mikroskopia", "savi", "01 natural sciences", "630", "huokoisuus", "soil water retention", "tomografia", "219", "3D image analysis", "biochar", "3D-mallinnus", "ta216", "ta218", "219 Environmental biotechnology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "x-ray tomography", "biohiili", "maaper\u00e4", "ta114", "Physics", "ta1182", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "mikrorakenteet", "plant available water", "helium ion microscopy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vesipitoisuus", "X-ray tomography"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-08", "title": "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Effects on Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Production Under Varying Fertilizer Inputs", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a vital role to enhance agricultural productivity and for mitigation of climate change. To quantify SOC effects on productivity, process models serve as a robust tool to keep track of multiple plant and soil factors and their interactions affecting SOC dynamics. We used soil-plant-atmospheric model viz. DAISY, to assess effects of SOC on nitrogen (N) supply and plant available water (PAW) under varying N fertilizer rates in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Denmark. The study objective was assessment of SOC effects on winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass accumulation at three SOC levels (low: 0.7% SOC; reference: 1.3% SOC; and high: 2% SOC) with five nitrogen rates (0-200 kg N ha-1) and PAW at low, reference, and high SOC levels. The three SOC levels had significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation at only 0-100 kg N ha-1 and the SOC effects decreased with increasing N rates until no effects at 150-200 kg N ha-1. PAW had significant positive correlation with SOC content, with high SOC retaining higher PAW compared to low and reference SOC. The mean PAW and SOC correlation was given by PAW% = 1.0073 \u00d7 SOC% + 15.641. For the 0.7-2% SOC range, the PAW increase was small with no significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation. The higher winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass was attributed to higher N supply in N deficient wheat production system. Our study suggested that building SOC enhances agronomic productivity at only 0-100 kg N ha-1. Maintenance of SOC stock will require regular replenishment of SOC, to compensate for the mineralization process degrading SOC over time. Hence, management can maximize realization of SOC benefits by building up SOC and maintaining N rates in the range 0-100 kg N ha-1, to reduce the off-farm N losses depending on the environmental zones, land use and the production system.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Crop productivity; DAISY model; Grain yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen; Pedotransfer functions; Plant available water;", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "DAISY model", "pedotransfer functions", "Plant Science", "nitrogen", "SB1-1110", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "Long-term experiment", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Grain yield", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "289694", "crop productivity", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "020", "Pedotransfer functions", "0303 health sciences", "grain yield", "Plant culture", "15. Life on land", "plant available water", "13. Climate action", "Crop productivity", "Plant available water", "SMARTSOIL", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1138671/1/Ghaley%20et%20al%202018_Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2018.01158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/10968", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-08", "title": "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Effects on Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Production Under Varying Fertilizer Inputs", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a vital role to enhance agricultural productivity and for mitigation of climate change. To quantify SOC effects on productivity, process models serve as a robust tool to keep track of multiple plant and soil factors and their interactions affecting SOC dynamics. We used soil-plant-atmospheric model viz. DAISY, to assess effects of SOC on nitrogen (N) supply and plant available water (PAW) under varying N fertilizer rates in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Denmark. The study objective was assessment of SOC effects on winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass accumulation at three SOC levels (low: 0.7% SOC; reference: 1.3% SOC; and high: 2% SOC) with five nitrogen rates (0-200 kg N ha-1) and PAW at low, reference, and high SOC levels. The three SOC levels had significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation at only 0-100 kg N ha-1 and the SOC effects decreased with increasing N rates until no effects at 150-200 kg N ha-1. PAW had significant positive correlation with SOC content, with high SOC retaining higher PAW compared to low and reference SOC. The mean PAW and SOC correlation was given by PAW% = 1.0073 \u00d7 SOC% + 15.641. For the 0.7-2% SOC range, the PAW increase was small with no significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation. The higher winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass was attributed to higher N supply in N deficient wheat production system. Our study suggested that building SOC enhances agronomic productivity at only 0-100 kg N ha-1. Maintenance of SOC stock will require regular replenishment of SOC, to compensate for the mineralization process degrading SOC over time. Hence, management can maximize realization of SOC benefits by building up SOC and maintaining N rates in the range 0-100 kg N ha-1, to reduce the off-farm N losses depending on the environmental zones, land use and the production system.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Crop productivity; DAISY model; Grain yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen; Pedotransfer functions; Plant available water;", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "DAISY model", "pedotransfer functions", "Plant Science", "nitrogen", "SB1-1110", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "Long-term experiment", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Grain yield", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "289694", "crop productivity", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "020", "Pedotransfer functions", "0303 health sciences", "grain yield", "Plant culture", "15. Life on land", "plant available water", "13. Climate action", "Crop productivity", "Plant available water", "SMARTSOIL", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1138671/1/Ghaley%20et%20al%202018_Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/10968"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/10968", "name": "item", "description": "2164/10968", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/10968"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "d1cdbca9-3f3e-4995-a79e-b5b464e97b04", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.9, 51.98], [9.9, 52.01], [9.96, 52.01], [9.96, 51.98], [9.9, 51.98]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Top soil"}, {"id": "Subsoil"}, {"id": "soil compaction"}, {"id": "Soil pore system"}, {"id": "Soil porosity"}, {"id": "Soil macropores"}, {"id": "Field capacity"}, {"id": "Wilting point"}, {"id": "Hydraulic conductivity"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "Vehicles"}, {"id": "Harvesters"}, {"id": "Tillage"}, {"id": "Conservation tillage"}, {"id": "Conventional tillage"}, {"id": "Ploughing"}, {"id": "management"}, {"id": "Management techniques"}, {"id": "On-farm research"}, {"id": "Field experimentation"}, {"id": "Traffic"}, {"id": "Soil sampling"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Bodenfunktion"}, {"id": "Bodenstruktur"}, {"id": "Physikalische Ver\u00e4nderung"}, {"id": "Bodenwasser"}, {"id": "Bodenschutz"}, {"id": "Bodenuntersuchung"}, {"id": "Probenahme"}, {"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "Soil physical parameters"}, {"id": "Soil density"}, {"id": "Dry bulk density"}, {"id": "Soil water content"}, {"id": "Soil deformation"}, {"id": "Soil hydraulic properties"}, {"id": "Soil water retention"}, {"id": "Air capaciy"}, {"id": "Plant available water"}, {"id": "Agricultural machineries"}, {"id": "Agricultural management"}, {"id": "Soil management"}, {"id": "Field experiment"}, {"id": "Wheeling experiment"}, {"id": "Field traffic"}, {"id": "Soil conserving traffic"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-07-17", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-05-13", "language": "eng", "title": "Soil pressure, deformation, and changes in soil physical parameters caused by combine harvester wheeling", "description": "In recent years, agricultural machinery became steadily larger and heavier. Especially under wet soil conditions, when soil is susceptible to compaction, heavy wheel load field traffic can lead to harmful soil compaction. This data set contains soil data from a wheeling experiment with an agricultural vehicle (2-axle combine harvester with bunker; total weight: 17 t). The experiment was conducted in 2016 on an agricultural test field in Adenstedt (Hildesheim district, Lower Saxony, Germany) during the harvest campaign. The soil type is Stagnic Luvisol derived from Loess and was conventionally tilled with a plough up to a depth of 28 cm. The cultivated crop was winter wheat. For the wheeling experiment, a combine harvester with full bunker volume passed defined plots in the field. In the inner field area, the number of wheel passes were 2 and in the headlands the number of wheel passes were 6. The sampling sites were both located in the inner field area and in the headlands. To investigate changes in soil physical parameters, soil structure, and soil functions caused by combine harvester driving, undisturbed soil cores (100 cm\u00b3) were taken before (unwheeled) and after wheeling (wheeled). The unwheeled soil samples were taken in 22, 35, and 50 depth and the wheeled soil samples in 20, 35, and 50 cm depth. In the inner field area, two soil pits were sampled per wheeling variant and in the headlands, one soil pit was sampled per wheeling variant. Additionally, the soil biopores were counted in every one of the three soil depths. A total of 30 undisturbed soil samples were taken per each soil pit, 10 per each soil depth.5 of the 10 undisturbed sampling rings were used to investigate soil water retention and the other 5 for saturated hydraulic conductivity. The determination of pF values was conducted in the soil laboratory using sand and clay boxes as well as pressure pots according to DIN ISO 11274. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was analyzed using a soil water permeameter (open system) according to ISO / FDIS 17312. The soil parameters total pore volume, air capacity, field capacity, usable field capacity, permanent wilting point, dry bulk density, and current water content during soil sampling were derived from the soil laboratory results.\n\nResearch domain: Soil Sciences", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Top soil", "Subsoil", "soil compaction", "Soil pore system", "Soil porosity", "Soil macropores", "Field capacity", "Wilting point", "Hydraulic conductivity", "agriculture", "Vehicles", "Harvesters", "Tillage", "Conservation tillage", "Conventional tillage", "Ploughing", "management", "Management techniques", "On-farm research", "Field experimentation", "Traffic", "Soil sampling", "Bodenfunktion", "Bodenstruktur", "Physikalische Ver\u00e4nderung", "Bodenwasser", "Bodenschutz", "Bodenuntersuchung", "Probenahme", "Boden", "opendata", "Soil physical parameters", "Soil density", "Dry bulk density", "Soil water content", "Soil deformation", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Soil water retention", "Air capaciy", "Plant available water", "Agricultural machineries", "Agricultural management", "Soil management", "Field experiment", "Wheeling experiment", "Field traffic", "Soil conserving traffic"], "contacts": [{"name": "Weise, Maike", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maike.weise@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Lorenz, Marco", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "marco.lorenz@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Ortmeier, Berthold", "organization": "-", "position": null, "roles": ["other"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Brunotte, Joachim", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "joachim.brunotte@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Lorenz, Marco", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["projectManager"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "marco.lorenz@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Thomas, Celina", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "celina.thomas@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "Changes of soil physical and soil functional parameters caused by driving of a combine harvester on arable land"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=d1cdbca9-3f3e-4995-a79e-b5b464e97b04", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "d1cdbca9-3f3e-4995-a79e-b5b464e97b04", "name": "item", "description": "d1cdbca9-3f3e-4995-a79e-b5b464e97b04", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/d1cdbca9-3f3e-4995-a79e-b5b464e97b04"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "65c50647-b035-43a5-b1aa-1f03c6f8ee2e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.9, 51.98], [9.9, 52.01], [9.96, 52.01], [9.96, 51.98], [9.9, 51.98]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Top soil"}, {"id": "Subsoil"}, {"id": "soil compaction"}, {"id": "Soil pore system"}, {"id": "Soil porosity"}, {"id": "Soil macropores"}, {"id": "Field capacity"}, {"id": "Wilting point"}, {"id": "Hydraulic conductivity"}, {"id": "agriculture"}, {"id": "Vehicles"}, {"id": "Harvesters"}, {"id": "Tillage"}, {"id": "Conservation tillage"}, {"id": "Conventional tillage"}, {"id": "Ploughing"}, {"id": "management"}, {"id": "Management techniques"}, {"id": "On-farm research"}, {"id": "Field experimentation"}, {"id": "Traffic"}, {"id": "Soil sampling"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Bodenfunktion"}, {"id": "Bodenstruktur"}, {"id": "Physikalische Ver\u00e4nderung"}, {"id": "Bodenwasser"}, {"id": "Bodenschutz"}, {"id": "Bodenuntersuchung"}, {"id": "Probenahme"}, {"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "Soil physical parameters"}, {"id": "Soil density"}, {"id": "Dry bulk density"}, {"id": "Soil water content"}, {"id": "Soil deformation"}, {"id": "Soil hydraulic properties"}, {"id": "Soil water retention"}, {"id": "Air capacity"}, {"id": "Plant available water"}, {"id": "Agricultural machineries"}, {"id": "Agricultural management"}, {"id": "Soil management"}, {"id": "Field experiment"}, {"id": "Wheeling experiment"}, {"id": "Field traffic"}, {"id": "Soil conserving traffic"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - SOILAssist and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2023-07-17", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-05-13", "language": "eng", "title": "Soil pressure, deformation, and changes in soil physical parameters caused by beet harvester wheeling", "description": "In recent years, agricultural machinery became steadily larger and heavier. Especially under wet soil conditions, when soil is susceptible to compaction, heavy wheel load field traffic can lead to harmful soil compaction. This data set contains soil data from a wheeling experiment with an agricultural vehicle (3-axle sugar beet harvester). The experiment was conducted in 2016 on an agricultural test field in Adenstedt (Hildesheim district, Lower Saxony, Germany). The soil type is Stagnic Luvisol derived from Loess and was tilled with a cultivator up to a depth of 25 cm (reduced tillage). For the wheeling experiment, the harvester passed defined plots in the field with a full bunker (total weight: 62 t) and a half full bunker (total weight: 49 t). Maximum soil pressure and plastic soil deformation evoked by harvester passing was measured simultaneously with a multi-channel device consisting of Bolling probes (Bolling, 1987) and hydrostatic measuring hoses (Nolting et al., 2006). Maximum soil pressure and plastic soil deformation was measured in 20, 35, and 50 cm depth directly below the center of the tires. To investigate changes in soil physical parameters, soil structure, and soil functions caused by harvester driving, undisturbed soil cores (100 cm\u00b3) were taken before (unwheeled) and after wheeling (wheeled). Wheeling variants in the inner field area were sugar beet harvester with half full bunker and full bunker volume driving with all wheels in the same track (3 wheel passes). The wheeling variant of the headland area was sugar beet harvester with full bunker volume and multiple wheel passes in front of the sugar beet clamp. The sampling sites were located both in the inner field area and in the headlands. Two soil pits were sampled per wheeling variant in the inner field area and one soil pit in the headlands. A total of 30 undisturbed soil samples were taken per each soil pit, 10 per each soil depth (20, 35, 50 cm). The soil biopores were counted in every one of the three soil depths. 5 of the 10 undisturbed sampling rings were used to investigate soil water retention and the other 5 for saturated hydraulic conductivity. The determination of pF values was conducted in the soil laboratory using sand and clay boxes as well as pressure pots according to DIN ISO 11274. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was analyzed using a soil water permeameter (open system) according to ISO / FDIS 17312. The soil parameters, total pore volume, air capacity, field capacity, usable field capacity, permanent wilting point, dry bulk density, and current water content during soil sampling were derived from the soil laboratory results.\n\nResearch domain: Soil Sciences", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Top soil", "Subsoil", "soil compaction", "Soil pore system", "Soil porosity", "Soil macropores", "Field capacity", "Wilting point", "Hydraulic conductivity", "agriculture", "Vehicles", "Harvesters", "Tillage", "Conservation tillage", "Conventional tillage", "Ploughing", "management", "Management techniques", "On-farm research", "Field experimentation", "Traffic", "Soil sampling", "Bodenfunktion", "Bodenstruktur", "Physikalische Ver\u00e4nderung", "Bodenwasser", "Bodenschutz", "Bodenuntersuchung", "Probenahme", "Boden", "opendata", "Soil physical parameters", "Soil density", "Dry bulk density", "Soil water content", "Soil deformation", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Soil water retention", "Air capacity", "Plant available water", "Agricultural machineries", "Agricultural management", "Soil management", "Field experiment", "Wheeling experiment", "Field traffic", "Soil conserving traffic"], "contacts": [{"name": "Weise, Maike", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maike.weise@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Lorenz, Marco", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "marco.lorenz@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Ortmeier, Berthold", "organization": "-", "position": null, "roles": ["other"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "-"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Brunotte, Joachim", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "joachim.brunotte@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Lorenz, Marco", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["projectManager"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "marco.lorenz@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Thomas, Celina", "organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "position": "Research associate", "roles": ["dataCurator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "celina.thomas@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 47"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "Th\u00fcnen Institute of Agricultural Technology", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "Changes of soil physical and soil functional parameters caused by driving of a sugar beet harvester on arable land and measuring of soil pressure and soil deformation"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=65c50647-b035-43a5-b1aa-1f03c6f8ee2e", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "65c50647-b035-43a5-b1aa-1f03c6f8ee2e", "name": "item", "description": "65c50647-b035-43a5-b1aa-1f03c6f8ee2e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/65c50647-b035-43a5-b1aa-1f03c6f8ee2e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=plant+available+water&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=plant+available+water&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=plant+available+water&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=plant+available+water&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-15T04:18:33.467746Z"}