In recent years, vibrational spectroscopic techniques based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) or Raman microspectroscopy have been suggested to fulfill the unmet need for microplastic particle detection and identification. Inter-system comparison of spectra from reference polymers enables assessing the reproducibility between instruments and advantages of emerging quantum cascade laser-based optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy. In our work, IR and Raman spectra of nine plastics, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone, polylactide acid and polymethylmethacrylate were simultaneously acquired using an O-PTIR microscope in non-contact, reflection mode. Comprehensive band assignments were presented. We determined the agreement of O-PTIR with standalone attenuated total reflection FTIR and Raman spectrometers based on the hit quality index (HQI) and introduced a two-dimensional identification (2D-HQI) approach using both Raman- and IR-HQIs. Finally, microplastic particles were prepared as test samples from known materials by wet grinding, O-PTIR data were collected and subjected to the 2D-HQI identification approach. We concluded that this framework offers improved material identification of microplastic particles in environmental, nutritious and biological matrices. In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). We obtained an N 2 O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N 2 O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N 2 O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N 2 O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009 Nat. Geosci . 2 , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO x deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N 2 O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:22:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.
ResultsThe findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.
ConclusionsThe study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.
", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15680931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15680931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11379/629705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-07-19", "title": "Role of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Microplastic in Modulating the toxicological Effects of Organic Pollutants in the Soil Organism Folsomia candida", "description": "AbstractThe ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems are complex, particularly in areas of intensive agriculture and livestock production, where plant protection products and veterinary drugs commonly coexist with plastic residues. In this study, we investigated the impact, under laboratory conditions, of 3 MP types (non-biodegradable low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate-based (PBAT-based) and a starch-based polymer) on the soil-dwelling species Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902) in soils contaminated with the anthelmintic albendazole and the fungicide pyraclostrobin. These organic pollutants (OPs) are frequently found in areas of intensive agriculture and livestock production. F. candida individuals were exposed for 28\uffc2\uffa0days to soils contaminated by the OPs at 0.0001 w/w% (1\uffc2\uffa0mg/kg), with and without MPs at 0.01 and 0.1 w/w% concentrations (100 and 1000\uffc2\uffa0mg/kg respectively), under laboratory conditions (21\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891 C\uffc2\uffb0, 80%\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891 RH). Adults\uffe2\uff80\uff99 survival, egg production, and juveniles\uffe2\uff80\uff99 occurrence were recorded as endpoints. Our findings indicate that microplastics alone did not significantly affect the survival and reproductive outcomes of F. candida . However, in soils contaminated with albendazole and pyraclostrobin, the presence of biodegradable MPs resulted in significant effects compared to the control and the treatment with only microplastics. Specifically, PBAT-based MPs significantly impacted adult survival, juvenile occurrence, and egg counts, while starch-based MPs primarily affected egg counts. On the contrary, co-exposure to OPs and LDPE MPs did not show significant effects. These results suggest that different MPs influence the bioavailability and toxicity of co-occurring fungicides and veterinary drug in soil ecosystems in different ways, with implications for assessing the ecological risks of biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastics in contaminated soils. The potential of MPs to influence the spatial distribution and bioavailability of organic pollutants for soil mesofauna needs further investigation. Rapid, precise, and globally comparable methods for monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are required for accurate GHG inventories from different cropping systems and management practices. Manual gas sampling followed by gas chromatography (GC) is widely used for measuring GHG fluxes in agricultural fields, but is laborious and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming. The photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90acoustic infrared gas monitoring system (PAS) with on\uffe2\uff80\uff90line gas sampling is an attractive option, although it has not been evaluated for measuring GHG fluxes in cereals in general and rice in particular. We compared N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from agricultural fields under the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat systems during the wheat (winter), and maize/rice (monsoon) seasons in Haryana, India. All the PAS readings were corrected for baseline drifts over time and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 (PCH4) readings in flooded rice were corrected for water vapor interferences. The PCH4 readings in ambient air increased by 2.3\uffc2\uffa0ppm for every 1000\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 increase in water vapor. The daily CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from the same chamber were not different in 93\uffe2\uff80\uff9398% of all the measurements made but the PAS exhibited greater precision for estimates of CO2 and N2O fluxes in wheat and maize, and lower precision for CH4 flux in rice, than GC. The seasonal GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O (PN2O) fluxes in wheat and maize were not different but the PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 (PCO2) flux in wheat was 14\uffe2\uff80\uff9339% higher than that of GC. In flooded rice, the seasonal PCH4 and PN2O fluxes across N levels were higher than those of GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 and GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O fluxes by about 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 4fold, respectively. The PAS (i) proved to be a suitable alternative to GC for N2O and CO2 flux measurements in wheat, and (ii) showed potential for obtaining accurate measurements of CH4 fluxes in flooded rice after making correction for changes in humidity.
", "keywords": ["Chromatography", " Gas", "Spectrophotometry", " Infrared", "Nitrous Oxide", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "greenhouse gases", "climate", "Triticum", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "rice", "carbon dioxide", "Oryza", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-08", "title": "Toxicokinetics of Zn and Cd in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to metal-contaminated soils under different combinations of air temperature and soil moisture content", "description": "This study evaluated how different combinations of air temperature (20\u202f\u00b0C and 25\u202f\u00b0C) and soil moisture content (50% and 30% of the soil water holding capacity, WHC), reflecting realistic climate change scenarios, affect the bioaccumulation kinetics of Zn and Cd in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Earthworms were exposed for 21\u202fd to two metal-contaminated soils (uptake phase), followed by 21\u202fd incubation in non-contaminated soil (elimination phase). Body Zn and Cd concentrations were checked in time and metal uptake (k1) and elimination (k2) rate constants determined; metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated as k1/k2. Earthworms showed extremely fast uptake and elimination of Zn, regardless of the exposure level. Climate conditions had no major impacts on the bioaccumulation kinetics of Zn, although a tendency towards lower k1 and k2 values was observed at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a030% WHC. Earthworm Cd concentrations gradually increased with time upon exposure to metal-contaminated soils, especially at 50% WHC, and remained constant or slowly decreased following transfer to non-contaminated soil. Different combinations of air temperature and soil moisture content changed the bioaccumulation kinetics of Cd, leading to higher k1 and k2 values for earthworms incubated at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a050% WHC and slower Cd kinetics at 25\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0+\u00a030% WHC. This resulted in greater BAFs for Cd at warmer and drier environments which could imply higher toxicity risks but also of transfer of Cd within the food chain under the current global warming perspective.", "keywords": ["Soil invertebrates", "Bioavailability", "Climate Change", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Metals", " Heavy", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Triazines", "Temperature", "Water", "Bioaccumulation", "Mining wastes", "Toxicokinetics", "Zinc", "Heavy metals", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Pollution", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.226", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-22", "title": "Biosolids Applied To Agricultural Land: Influence On Structural And Functional Endpoints Of Soil Fauna On A Short- And Long-Term Scale", "description": "Biosolids have well-documented crop and soil benefits similar to other sources of organic amendment, but there is environmental concern due to biosolids-associated pollutants. The present study investigated two field sites that had received biosolids at commercial-scale rates in parallel to associated field sections which were managed similarly but without receiving biosolids (controls). The investigated endpoints were abundance and diversity of soil organisms (nematodes, enchytraeids and earthworms) and soil fauna feeding activity as measured by the bait lamina assay. Repeated sampling of one of the field sites following the only biosolids application demonstrated an enrichment effect typical for organic amendments, which was mostly exhausted after 44months. After an initial suppression, the proportion of free-living plant-parasitic nematodes tended to increase in the biosolids-amended soil over time. Yet, none of the endpoints at this site indicated significant negative effects resulting from the biosolids until 44months post application. In contrast to the repeatedly tilled first field site, the second one was left fallow after three biosolids applications, and was sampled 96months post last application. It was only at this field site that potential evidence for a long-term impact of biosolids was detected with regard to two endpoints: earthworm abundance and structure of the nematode assemblage. Agricultural management and correlation with abiotic soil parameters explained the observed difference in earthworm abundance. Yet, the development of a highly structured and mature nematode assemblage at the control but not at the biosolids-amended section of this fallow field could not be explained by such correlations nor by soil metal concentrations. Overall, the present study found only weak evidence for negative long-term impacts of biosolids applied at commercial rates on soil fauna. High-level community parameters such as the nematode structure index (SI) appeared more suitable to detect deleterious effects on soil fauna than simple abundance measurements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.226"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.226", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-03", "title": "\u03b415N of lichens reflects the isotopic signature of ammonia source", "description": "Although it is generally accepted that \u03b415N in lichen reflects predominating N isotope sources in the environment, confirmation of the direct correlation between lichen \u03b415N and atmospheric \u03b415N is still missing, especially under field conditions with most confounding factors controlled. To fill this gap and investigate the response of lichens with different tolerance to atmospheric N deposition, thalli of the sensitive Evernia prunastri and the tolerant Xanthoria parietina were exposed for ten weeks to different forms and doses of N in a field manipulation experiment where confounding factors were minimized. During this period, several parameters, namely total N, \u03b415N and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were measured. Under the experimental conditions, \u03b415N in lichens quantitatively responded to the \u03b415N of released gaseous ammonia (NH3). Although a high correlation between the isotopic signatures in lichen tissue and supplied N was found both in tolerant and sensitive species, chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that the sensitive species very soon lost its photosynthetic functionality with increasing N availability. The most damaging response to the different N chemical forms was observed with dry deposition of NH3, although wet deposition of ammonium ions had a significant observable physiological impact. Conversely, there was no significant effect of nitrate ions on chlorophyll a fluorescence, implying differential sensitivity to dry deposition versus wet deposition and to ammonium versus nitrate in wet deposition. Evernia prunastri was most sensitive to NH3, then NH4+, with lowest sensitivity to NO3-. Moreover, these results confirm that lichen \u03b415N can be used to indicate the \u03b415N of atmospheric ammonia, providing a suitable tool for the interpretation of the spatial distribution of NH3 sources in relation to their \u03b415N signal.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrates", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Chlorophyll A", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "chlorophyll a fluorescence", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen deposition", "Xanthoria parietina", "Species Specificity", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "source spatial distribution", "biomonitoring", "physiological response", "Photosynthesis", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-15", "title": "The fate of post-use biodegradable PBAT-based mulch films buried in agricultural soil", "description": "The fate of black biodegradable mulch film (MF) based on starch and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in agricultural soil is investigated herein. Pristine (BIO-0) and UV-aged film samples (BIO-A192) were buried for 16\u00a0months at an experimental field in southern Italy. Visual, physical, chemical, morphological, and mechanical analyses were carried out before and after samples burial. Film residues in the form of macro- and microplastics in soil were analyzed at the end of the trial. Progressive deterioration of both pristine and UV-aged samples, with surface loss and alterations in mechanical properties, occurred from 42\u00a0days of burial. After 478\u00a0days, the apparent surface of BIO-0 and BIO-A192 films decreased by 57\u00a0% and 66\u00a0%, respectively. Burial determined a rapid depletion of starch from the polymeric blend, especially for the BIO-A192, while the degradation of the polyester phase was slower. Upon burial, an enrichment of aromatic moieties of PBAT in the film residues was observed, as well as microplastics release to soil. The analysis of the MF degradation products extracted from soil (0.006-0.008\u00a0% by mass in the soil samples) revealed the predominant presence of adipate moieties. After 478\u00a0days of burial, about 23\u00a0% and 17\u00a0% of the initial amount of BIO-0 and BIO-A192, respectively, were extracted from the soil. This comprehensive study underscores the complexity of biodegradation phenomena that involve the new generation of mulch films in the field. The different biodegradability of the polymeric components, the climate, and the soil conditions that did not strictly meet the parameters required for the standard test method devised for MFs, have significantly influenced their degradation rate. This finding further emphasizes the importance of implementing field experiments to accurately assess the real effects of biodegradable MFs on soil health and overall agroecosystem sustainability.", "keywords": ["Polyesters", "Microplastics", "Biodegradable microplastic", "Agriculture", "Starch", "MALDI investigation", "Biodegradable Plastics", "Environmental impacts", "Plastic residues pollution", "630", "In-field degradation", "Soil", "Pyrolysis GC/MS identification", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Italy", "Soil Pollutants", "Biodegradable microplastics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Convertino, Fabiana, Carroccio, Sabrina Carola, Cocca, Maria Cristina, Dattilo, Sandro, Dell'Acqua, Anna Chiara, Gargiulo, Luca, Nizzetto, Luca, Riccobene, Paolo Maria, Schettini, Evelia, Vox, Giuliano, Zannini, Domenico, Cerruti, Pierfrancesco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/513992/1/2024_The%20fate%20of%20post-use%20biodegradable%20PBAT-based%20mulch%20films%20buried%20in%20agricultural%20soil.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174697"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jeq2.20437", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:13:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-24", "title": "Mechanistic modeling indicates rapid glyphosate dissipation and sorption\u2010driven persistence of its metabolite AMPA in soil", "description": "AbstractResidual concentrations of glyphosate and its main transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are often observed in soils. The factors controlling their biodegradation are currently not well understood. We analyzed sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited biodegradation of glyphosate and AMPA in soil with a set of microcosm experiments. A mechanistic model that accounts for equilibrium and kinetic sorption facilitated interpretation of the experimental results. Both compounds showed a biphasic dissipation with an initial fast (up to Days 7\uffe2\uff80\uff9310) and subsequent slower transformation rate, pointing to sorption\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited degradation. Glyphosate transformation was well described by considering only equilibrium sorption. Model simulations suggested that only 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.13% of total glyphosate was present in the soil solution and thus bioavailable. Glyphosate transformation was rapid in solution (time required for 50 % dissipation of the total initially added chemical [DT50]\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.9\uffc2\uffa0min), and, despite strong equilibrium sorption, total glyphosate in soil dissipated quickly (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02.4\uffc2\uffa0d). Aminomethylphosphonic acid dissipation kinetics could only be described when considering both equilibrium and kinetic sorption. In comparison to glyphosate, the model simulations showed that a higher proportion of total AMPA was dissolved and directly bioavailable (0.27\uffe2\uff80\uff933.32%), but biodegradation of dissolved AMPA was slower (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa01.9\uffc2\uffa0h). The model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data interpretation suggests that kinetic sorption strongly reduces AMPA bioavailability, leading to increased AMPA persistence in soil (DT50\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa012\uffc2\uffa0d). Thus, strong sorption combined with rapid degradation points to low risks of glyphosate leaching by vertical transport through soil in the absence of preferential flow. Ecotoxicological effects on soil microorganisms might be reduced. In contrast, AMPA persists, rendering these risks more likely.Bentazon is a widely used herbicide in rice agroecosystems that has commonly been found in water resources. To assess how tillage and water regimes affect sorption/desorption, dissipation and leaching of bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing conditions, field experiments were carried out using tillage and flooding (TF), tillage and sprinkler irrigation (TS), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). After 3 years, the Kd values in TS were 2.3, 1.6 and 1.7 times lower than the values in NTS7, NTS and TF respectively. Greater sorption of bentazon was related to higher contents in total organic carbon and, although to a lesser extent, in humic acids and dissolved organic carbon. The persistence of bentazon was significantly greater under anaerobic (half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life DT50 = 94.1\uffe2\uff80\uff93135 days) than under aerobic (DT50 = 42.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9391.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89days) incubation conditions for all management regimes. Leaching losses of bentazon were reduced from 78 and 74% in TS and TF to 61 and 62% in NTS7 and NTS respectively. The mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term implementation of sprinkler irrigation in combination with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage could be considered a management system that is effective at reducing water contamination by bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing agroecosystems. \uffc2\uffa9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "3103", "Herbicides", "Water Pollution", "Bentazona", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Benzothiadiazines", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Crop Production", "Bentazon", "Sorption", "Sorci\u00f3n", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Laboreo", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pest%20Management%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ps.4546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ps.4546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ps.7961", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-20", "title": "The effect of natural products used as pesticides on the soil microbiota: OECD 216 nitrogen transformation test fails to identify effects that were detected viaq\u2010PCR microbial abundance measurement", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUNDNatural products present an environmentally attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides which have been implicated in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effect. Currently, the assessment of pesticide toxicity on soil microorganisms relies on the OECD 216 N transformation assay (OECD stands for the Organisation Economic Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90operation and Development, which is a key international standard\uffe2\uff80\uff90setting organisation). We tested the hypotheses that (i) the OECD 216 assay fails to identify unacceptable effects of pesticides on soil microbiota compared to more advanced molecular and standardized tests, and (ii) the natural products tested (dihydrochalcone, isoflavone, aliphatic phenol, and spinosad) are less toxic to soil microbiota compared to a synthetic pesticide compound (3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline). We determined the following in three different soils: (i) ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) soil concentrations, as dictated by the OECD 216 test, and (ii) the abundance of phylogenetically (bacteria and fungi) and functionally distinct microbial groups [ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)] using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR).
RESULTSAll pesticides tested exhibited limited persistence, with spinosad demonstrating the highest persistence. None of the pesticides tested showed clear dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effects on NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 levels and the observed effects were <25% of the control, suggesting no unacceptable impacts on soil microorganisms. In contrast, q\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCR measurements revealed (i) distinct negative effects on the abundance of total bacteria and fungi, which were though limited to one of the studied soils, and (ii) a significant reduction in the abundance of both AOA and AOB across soils. This reduction was attributed to both natural products and 3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloraniline.
CONCLUSIONOur findings strongly advocate for a revision of the current regulatory framework regarding the toxicity of pesticides to soil microbiota, which should integrate advanced and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90standardized tools. \uffc2\uffa9 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.The combination of plant residues with inorganic fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N provides the potential to increase N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency in agricultural fruit production systems, such as olive orchards. The development of weeds in the inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90canopy area of olive orchards is encouraged as a novel strategy to reduce soil erosion. However, little is known about soil N retention or N2O production following the combined application of inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N with the mulched weed residues.
METHODSEmissions of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O and soil mineral 15N retention were measured following combined applications of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled fertiliser and a range of olive crop weed residues to a silty loam soil under controlled conditions. These plant residues differed in their C:N ratios, lignin and polyphenol contents.
RESULTSThe magnitude of soil 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 retention from combining plant residues and fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N was highly dependent on potential N mineralisation (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.96) and the (lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89polyphenol)\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ratio (r\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890.98) of the residues. Fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived retention was zero for a legume\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mulch but up to 80% in the treatment containing plant residues with a high (lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89polyphenol)\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ratio. N2O emissions increased after the addition of residues, and increased further (up to 128%) following the combined application of inorganic fertiliser and residues. Fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O was <1.4% of the total 14+15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O emission and <0.01% of the applied 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93. Enhanced N2O emissions following the application of residues and the fertiliser\uffe2\uff80\uff90N values were positively correlated with the C:N ratio of the residue. Thus, combining organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N immobilised a significant proportion of the inorganic N with little increase in N2O, especially in low C:N ratio residues.
CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate that whilst there is potential for N2O emissions to be controlled by combining weed residues and inorganic fertilisers, this is not easy to achieve as the magnitude and direction of interactions vary between different species due to their varying substrate qualities. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Chemistry", " Analytical", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plants", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Biochemical Research Methods", "0104 chemical sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Spectroscopy", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6254"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.6254", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.6254", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.6254"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-30", "title": "Impact of plastic mulch film debris on soil physicochemical and hydrological properties", "description": "The plastic mulch films used in agriculture are considered to be a major source of the plastic residues found in soil. Mulching with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely practiced and the resulting macro- and microscopic plastic residues in agricultural soil have aroused concerns for years. Over the past decades, a variety of biodegradable (Bio) plastics have been developed in the hope of reducing plastic contamination of the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the impact of these Bio plastics in agroecosystems have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, we investigated the impact of macro (around 5\u00a0mm) and micro (<1\u00a0mm) sized plastic debris from LDPE and one type of starch-based Bio mulch film on soil physicochemical and hydrological properties. We used environmentally relevant concentrations of plastics, ranging from 0 to 2% (w/w), identified by field studies and literature review. We studied the effects of the plastic residue on a sandy soil for one month in a laboratory experiment. The bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and soil water repellency were altered significantly in the presence of the four kinds of plastic debris, while pH, electrical conductivity and aggregate stability were not substantially affected. Overall, our research provides clear experimental evidence that microplastics affect soil properties. The type, size and content of plastic debris as well as the interactions between these three factors played complex roles in the variations of the measured soil parameters. Living in a plastic era, it is crucial to conduct further interdisciplinary studies in order to have a comprehensive understanding of plastic debris in soil and agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradable plastic", "Agricultural soil", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Plastic pollution", "international", "Soil Pollutants", "Hydrology", "Plastics", "Plan_S-Compliant_TA", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-25", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Zinc Pollution On Soil Microbial Community Resistance To Repeated Contamination", "description": "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress (contamination trials) on the microorganisms in zinc-polluted soil (5,018\u00a0mg Zn\u00a0kg(-1) soil dry weight) and unpolluted soil (141\u00a0mg Zn kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), measured as soil respiration rate. In the laboratory, soils were subjected to copper contamination (0, 500, 1,500 and 4,500\u00a0mg\u00a0kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), and then a bactericide (oxytetracycline) combined with a fungicide (captan) along with glucose (10\u00a0mg\u00a0g(-1) soil\u00a0dw each) were added. There was a highly significant effect of soil type, copper treatment and oxytetracycline/captan treatment. The initial respiration rate of chronically zinc-polluted soil was higher than that of unpolluted soil, but in the copper treatment it showed a greater decline. Microorganisms in copper-treated soil were more susceptible to oxytetracycline/captan contamination. After the successive soil contamination trials the decline of soil respiration was greater in zinc-polluted soil than in unpolluted soil.", "keywords": ["Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "trace metals", "Oxytetracycline", "Toxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Captan", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "combined stressors", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil pollution", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil respiration rate", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Zinc", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klimek, Beata", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-04", "title": "Zinc And Copper Toxicity To Soil Bacteria And Fungi From Zinc Polluted And Unpolluted Soils: A Comparative Study With Different Types Of Biolog Plates", "keywords": ["Microbiological Techniques", "Zinc", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Copper", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-31", "title": "Accumulation and Transformation of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated Diphenyl Ether (BDE47) by the Earthworm Metaphire vulgaris in Soil", "description": "The accumulation and transformation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE47), one congener of the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in soil-feeding fauna are still unknown. Using radioactivity tracer, we incubated 14C-labelled BDE47 in soil for 21 days in the presence and absence of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire vulgaris. BDE47 accumulated in the earthworm predominantly via oral ingestion of soil, giving a biota-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) value of 1.3 for radioactivity at the end of incubation, and was mostly located in intestine, followed by clitellum (organs region) and skin of earthworms. Accumulation was accompanied by significant decrease of BDE47 concentration in soil porewater and BDE47 mineralization in soil. BDE47 was transformed in the earthworm gut into two metabolites with higher polarities than BDE47. The results provide for the first time insights into accumulation and transformation of lower-brominated congeners of PBDEs in geophagous earthworms, being helpful for environmental risk assessment of PBDEs.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oligochaeta", "Bioaccumulation", "01 natural sciences", "Flame Retardants", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-020-02834-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-28", "title": "Fate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol in soil under different redox conditions.", "description": "Fate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) in environmental matrices is obscure. We used 14C-tracer to investigated mineralization, transformation, and non-extractable residue (NER)-formation of TBP in a soil under continuously oxic, continuously anoxic, and anoxic-oxic alteration conditions. In all cases, TBP rapidly dissipated, mineralized to CO2, and formed NERs in the soil. Considerable amounts of transformation products (2-12%) were detected during the incubation. Marked mineralization (13-26%) indicated that soil microorganisms used TBP as their energy source. About 62-70% of the initial radioactivity was transformed into NERs, being mainly attributed to binding to humic and fulvic acid fractions. TBP transformation was significantly faster under oxic conditions than under anoxic conditions, and was boosted when the soil redox changed from anoxic to oxic state. The results provide new insights into fate of TBP in soil and suggest the importance to evaluate the stability of NERs for risk assessment of TBP in soil.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Soil", "Phenols", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Soil Pollutants", "Benzopyrans", "02 engineering and technology", "Oxidation-Reduction", "01 natural sciences", "Humic Substances", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-020-02835-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-21", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Wetland Rice-Duck Cultivation Systems In Southern China", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a rice-duck cultivation system in the subtropical region of China and its regulating factors were investigated by using a static chambers technique during rice growth seasons in 2006 and 2007. The experimental field was equally divided into six plots for two different treatments: One was a conventional rice field (CK) and the other was a rice-duck ecosystem (RD). With the same amount of urea applied as basal fertilization, N2O emission fluxes from RD and CK followed a similar seasonal variation trend. During the flooding seasons, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, but it was significantly related to soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) (p < 0.01) and soil pH (p < 0.01). After drainage, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, SIN, and soil pH. Our experimental data showed that peaks of N2O emission flux occurred both in 2 weeks after urea application and after drainage. Compared to CK, RD could significantly increase N2O emission. We evaluated the integrated global warming potentials (GWPs) of a rice-duck cultivation system based on methane (CH4) and N2O emission, which showed that RD could suppress the total amount of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies. Moreover, because the decrease of CH4 emissions from RD compared to CK was far more than the increase of N2O emissions from RD compared to CK, RD greatly reduced integrated GWPs (CH4 + N2O) compared to CK. So, the rice-duck cultivation system is an effective strategy for reducing integrated GWPs of the rice-duck cultivation systems based on CH4 and N2O in southern China and will contribute to alleviating global warming.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Ducks", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-008-9467-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-21", "title": "Molecular And Functional Assessment Of Bacterial Community Convergence In Metal-Amended Soils", "description": "Species diversity and the structure of microbial communities in soils are thought to be a function of the cumulative selective pressures within the local environment. Shifts in microbial community structure, as a result of metal stress, may have lasting negative effects on soil ecosystem dynamics if critical microbial community functions are compromised. Three soils in the vicinity of a copper smelter, previously contaminated with background, low and high levels of aerially deposited metals, were amended with metal-salts to determine the potential for metal contamination to shape the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities in soils. We hypothesized that the microbial communities native to the three soils would initially be unique to each site, but would converge on a microbial community with similar structure and function, as a result of metal stress. Initially, the three different sites supported microbial communities with unique structural and functional diversity, and the nonimpacted site supported inherently higher levels of microbial activity and biomass, relative to the metal-contaminated sites. Amendment of the soils with metal-salts resulted in a decrease in microbial activity and biomass, as well as shifts in microbial community structure and function at each site. Soil microbial communities from each site were also observed to be sensitive to changes in soil pH as a result of metal-salt amendment; however, the magnitude of these pH-associated effects varied between soils. Microbial communities from each site did not converge on a structurally or functionally similar community following metal-salt amendment, indicating that other factors may be equally important in shaping microbial communities in soils. Among these factors, soil physiochemical parameters like organic matter and soil pH, which can both influence the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in soils, may be critical.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Biodiversity", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9467-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-008-9467-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-008-9467-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-008-9467-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-09", "title": "Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe \u2013 Legacy of the past and turning point for the future", "description": "<p>Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Soil remediation techniques should be developed to keep the levels of pesticide residues below such benchmarks. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures and their residence time in soil. &#160;</p>
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Portugal", "Pesticide Residues", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "EU agricultural soils", "Europe", "Soil", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Mixtures of pesticide residues; EU agricultural soils Organic", " conventional farming", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic and conventional farming", "Netherlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-09", "title": "Diagnosis of cadmium contamination in urban and suburban soils using visible-to-near-infrared spectroscopy", "description": "Previous studies have mostly focused on using visible-to-near-infrared spectral technique to quantitatively estimate soil cadmium (Cd) content, whereas little attention has been paid to identifying soil Cd contamination from a perspective of spectral classification. Here, we developed a framework to compare the potential of two spectral transformations (i.e., raw reflectance and continuum removal [CR]), three optimization strategies (i.e., full-spectrum, Boruta feature selection, and synthetic minority over-sampling technique [SMOTE]), and three classification algorithms (i.e., partial least squares discriminant analysis, random forest [RF], and support vector machine) for diagnosing soil Cd contamination. A total of 536 soil samples were collected from urban and suburban areas located in Wuhan City, China. Specifically, Boruta and SMOTE strategies were aimed at selecting the most informative predictors and obtaining balanced training datasets, respectively. Results indicated that soils contaminated by Cd induced decrease in spectral reflectance magnitude. Classification models developed after Boruta and SMOTE strategies out-performed to those from full-spectrum. A diagnose model combining CR preprocessing, SMOTE strategy, and RF algorithm achieved the highest validation accuracy for soil Cd (Kappa = 0.74). This study provides a theoretical reference for rapid identification of and monitoring of soil Cd contamination in urban and suburban areas.", "keywords": ["DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY", "HUMAN HEALTH", "PREDICTION", "POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS", "Boruta algorithm", "01 natural sciences", "Visible-to-near-infrared spectroscopy", "NIR SPECTROSCOPY", "Soil", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "Machine learning", "11. Sustainability", "Soil Pollutants", "Least-Squares Analysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Spectroscopy", " Near-Infrared", "RANDOM FOREST", "Urban and suburban soil Cd contamination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS", "6. Clean water", "RIVER DELTA", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Synthetic minority over-sampling technique", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420100656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Fine-Root Biomass And Fluxes Of Soil Carbon In Young Stands Of Paper Birch And Trembling Aspen As Affected By Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O3", "description": "Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535\u00a0\u00b5l l-1) and O3 (53\u00a0nl l-1) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO2, and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO2 and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively, at depths of 15, 30, and 125\u00a0cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263\u00a0g m-2 in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO2. Both soil respiration and pCO2 exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged ~12\u00a0mg l-1 in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2. Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Aspen-FACE-project", "root-", "USA-", "pollutants-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "tropospheric-ozone", "forest-productivity", "01 natural sciences", "biomass-", "northern-forests", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "soil-carbon-flux", "terrestrial-ecosystems", "populus-tremuloides", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "soil-carbon", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "fine-root", "Bioenergetics- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics)", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Rhinelander- (Wisconsin-", "carbon-sequestration", "atmosphere-", "biomass-production", "dissolved-organic-carbon [DOC-]", "Science", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "forest-plantations", "carbon-dioxide", "carbon-storage", "fine-root-biomass", "belowground-biomass", "United-States-Wisconsin-Rhinelander", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "ozone-", "soil-respiration", "air-pollution", "global-change", "atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "biomass", "Molecular", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "free-air-carbon-dioxide-enrichment [FREE-]: experimental-method", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Northern Forests Global Change Carbon Sequestration Soil Respiration Dissolved Organic Carbon Soil PCO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420100656", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420100656", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-14", "title": "Organic Amendments Increase Phylogenetic Diversity Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Acid Soil Contaminated By Trace Elements", "description": "In 1998, a toxic mine spill polluted a 55-km(2) area in a basin southward to Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain). Subsequent attempts to restore those trace element-contaminated soils have involved physical, chemical, or biological methodologies. In this study, the restoration approach included application of different types and doses of organic amendments: biosolid compost (BC) and leonardite (LEO). Twelve years after the last addition, molecular analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities associated with target plants (Lamarckia aurea and Chrysanthemum coronarium) as well as analyses of trace element concentrations both in soil and in plants were performed. The results showed an improved soil quality reflected by an increase in soil pH and a decrease in trace element availability as a result of the amendments and dosages. Additionally, the phylogenetic diversity of the AM fungal community increased, reaching the maximum diversity at the highest dose of BC. Trace element concentration was considered the predominant soil factor determining the AM fungal community composition. Thereby, the studied AM fungal community reflects a community adapted to different levels of contamination as a result of the amendments. The study highlights the long-term effect of the amendments in stabilizing the soil system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Minerals", "0303 health sciences", "Bioindicator", "Chrysanthemum", "Genetic Variation", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil biodiversity", "Trace element contaminated soils", "Ecosystem restoration", "Mining", "Soil fungal community", "Trace Elements", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "Mine spill", "Bioindicators", "Soil Pollutants", "Phylogeny"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Mycorrhiza", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-04", "title": "Investigations Of Responses To Metal Pollution In Land Snail Populations (Cantareus Aspersus And Cepaea Nemoralis) From A Smelter-Impacted Area", "description": "A cross-transplantation field experiment was performed to investigate about possible adaptation/acclimatization to metal pollution in common garden snail Cantareus aspersus (ex-Helix aspersa) and brown-lipped grove snail Cepaea nemoralis populations. Adults were collected from an area surrounding a former smelter (ME), highly polluted by trace metals (TMs) for decades, and from an unpolluted site (BE). Subadults of first generation (F1) were exposed in microcosms in a 28-day kinetic study. Four exposure sites were chosen around the smelter along a soil pollution gradient (vegetation and soil otherwise comparable). Bioaccumulation in snail soft tissues globally increased with soil contamination, with Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations reaching 271, 187, 5527\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g(-1), respectively. Accumulation kinetic patterns were similar between snail species but C. nemoralis showed greater TM levels than C. aspersus. Some inter-population differences were revealed in TM accumulation (bioaccumulation factors, accumulation kinetics) but did not suggest consistent adaptive responses. We did not detect negative effects of TM exposure on snail condition (body weight, shell size, shell weight). ME C. aspersus snails produced heavier shells than BE snails under exposure to TMs at the highest level, suggesting an adaptive response. The protocol used in this study, however, did not allow unambiguously distinguishing whether this response was due to genetic adaptation or to maternal effects. Abnormal but reversible shell development of adult ME C. nemoralis suggested physiological acclimatization. Differences in responses to TMs between populations are observed for conchological parameters, not for bioaccumulation, with different strategies according to the species (acclimatization or adaptation/maternal effects).", "keywords": ["550", "invertebrate", "Snails", "590", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "heavy metal", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "Kinetics", "bioaccumulation", "Models", " Chemical", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "adaptive response", "Metallurgy", "Animals", "Body Size", "Soil Pollutants", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-011-0619-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Trace Elements And Activity Of Antioxidative Enzymes In Cistus Ladanifer L. Growing On An Abandoned Mine Area", "description": "The Mediterranean shrub Cistus ladanifer grows naturally in S\u00e3o Domingos (Portugal), an abandoned copper mine. High levels of trace elements in plants can generate oxidative stress increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the activity of the soluble and cell wall ionically bounded forms of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves of C. ladanifer, collected in spring and summer, growing on S\u00e3o Domingos mine and on a non-contaminated area (Pomar\u00e3o). S\u00e3o Domingos soils showed high total concentrations of As (2.6 g kg(-1)) and Pb (7.3 g kg(-1)) however the available fraction represented less than 1.5% of the total. C. ladanifer population from mine showed tolerance to Pb and Zn, which attain in leaves concentrations considered toxic for plants. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase varied with plant populations and seasons, although with no particular trend, being specific to each trace element and enzyme cell localization. Catalase activity was evenly distributed between the soluble and ionically bounded forms, whereas the ionically bounded form of peroxidase predominated relatively to total activity, and the opposite was observed for superoxide dismutase. Spring and summer leaves from the two areas presented enzymatic activities in both fractions except to peroxidase soluble activities in leaves collected in summer. C. ladanifer enzymatic activity seems to be related with the co-existence of different stress factors (trace elements concentration, temperature, UV radiation and drought). The survival and growth of this species on contaminated mining soils is due to the presence of effective antioxidant enzyme-based defence systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "trace elements", "Industrial Waste", "antioxidative enzymes", "Antioxidative enzymes", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Cell Wall", "Soil Pollutants", "adaptative capacity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "Cistus", "Adaptative capacity", "15. Life on land", "Sulphide abandoned mine", "cistus ladanifer L.", "Trace Elements", "Plant Leaves", "Oxidative Stress", "sulphide abandoned mine", "Cistus ladanifer L.", "Oxidoreductases", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-25", "title": "Nematodes As Bioindicators Of Soil Degradation Due To Heavy Metals", "description": "The effect of distance from a heavy metal pollution source on the soil nematode community was investigated on four sampling sites along an 4 km transect originating at the Kovohuty a.s. Krompachy (pollution source). The soil nematode communities were exposed to heavy metal influence directly and through soil properties changes. We quantified the relative effects of total and mobile fraction of metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on soil ecosystem using the nematode community structure (trophic and c-p groups,) and ecological indices (Richness of genera, H', MI2-5, etc.). Pollution effects on the community structure of soil free living nematodes was found to be the highest near the pollution source, with relatively low population density and domination of insensitive taxa. A decrease in heavy metals contents along the transect was linked with an increase in complexity of nematode community. The majority of used indices (MI2-5, SI, H') negatively correlated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) with heavy metals content and were sensitive to soil ecosystem disturbance. Contamination by heavy metals has negatively affected the soil environment, which resulted in nematode community structure and ecological indices changes. Results showed that the free-living nematodes are useful tools for bioindication of contamination and could be used as an alternative to the common approaches based on chemical methods.", "keywords": ["Population Density", "Slovakia", "Nematoda", "Industrial Waste", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "01 natural sciences", "Mass Spectrometry", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Metallurgy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-11", "title": "Soil Biological Attributes In Arsenic-Contaminated Gold Mining Sites After Revegetation", "description": "Recovery of arsenic contaminated areas is a challenge society faces throughout the world. Revegetation associated with microbial activity can play an essential role in this process. This work investigated biological attributes in a gold mining area with different arsenic contents at different sites under two types of extant revegetation associated with cover layers of the soil: BS, Brachiaria sp. and Stizolobium sp., and LEGS, Acacia crassicarpa, A. holosericea, A. mangium, Sesbania virgata, Albizia lebbeck and Pseudosamanea guachapele. References were also evaluated, comprising the following three sites: B1, weathered sulfide substrate without revegetation; BM, barren material after gold extraction and PRNH (private reserve of natural heritage), an uncontaminated forest site near the mining area. The organic and microbial biomass carbon contents and substrate-induced respiration rates for these sites from highest to lowest were: PRNH > LEGS > BS > B1 and BM. These attributes were negatively correlated with soluble and total arsenic concentration in the soil. The sites that have undergone revegetation (LEGS and BS) had higher densities of bacteria, fungi, phosphate solubilizers and ammonium oxidizers than the sites without vegetation. Principal component analysis showed that the LEGS site grouped with PRNH, indicating that the use of leguminous species associated with an uncontaminated soil cover layer contributed to the improvement of the biological attributes. With the exception of acid phosphatase, all the biological attributes were indicators of soil recovery, particularly the following: microbial carbon, substrate-induced respiration, density of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria, phosphate solubilizers and metabolic quotient.", "keywords": ["Arsenic - Contamination", "Microbial biomass", "Quociente microbial", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Arsenic", "Photometry", "Respira\u00e7\u00e3o induzida por substrato", "Soil", "Substrate-induced respiration", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Microbial quotient", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ars\u00eanico - Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o", "Spectrophotometry", " Atomic", "Biomassa microbiana", "Phosphate solubilizers", "Solubilizantes de fosfato", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-01", "title": "Relationship Between Plant Biodiversity And Heavy Metal Bioavailability In Grasslands Overlying An Abandoned Mine", "description": "Abandoned metal mines in the Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid, Spain, are often located in areas of high ecological value. This is true of an abandoned barium mine situated in the heart of a bird sanctuary. Today the area sustains grasslands, interspersed with oakwood formations of Quercus ilex and heywood scrub (Retama sphaerocarpa L.), used by cattle, sheep and wild animals. Our study was designed to establish a relationship between the plant biodiversity of these grasslands and the bioavailability of heavy metals in the topsoil layer of this abandoned mine. We conducted soil chemical analyses and performed a greenhouse evaluation of the effects of different soil heavy metal concentrations on biodiversity. The greenhouse bioassays were run for 6 months using soil samples obtained from the mine polluted with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) and from a control pasture. Soil heavy metal and Na concentrations, along with the pH, had intense negative effects on plant biodiversity, as determined through changes in the Shannon index and species richness. Numbers of grasses, legumes, and composites were reduced, whilst other species (including ruderals) were affected to a lesser extent. Zinc had the greatest effect on biodiversity, followed by Cd and Cu. When we compared the sensitivity of the biodiversity indicators to the different metal content variables, pseudototal metal concentrations determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were the most sensitive, followed by available and soluble metal contents. Worse correlations between biodiversity variables and metal variables were shown by pseudototal contents obtained by plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Our results highlight the importance of using as many different indicators as possible to reliably assess the response shown by plants to heavy metal soil pollution.", "keywords": ["Polluted soils", "2. Zero hunger", "Sodium", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Ba", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Cd", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Grasslands", "Metals", " Heavy", "Zn", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Alfa diversity", "Shannon index", "Pb", "Cu", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hern\u00e1ndez, Ana Jes\u00fas, Pastor Pi\u00f1eiro, Jes\u00fas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Geochemistry%20and%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-16", "title": "Effect Of Heavy Metals On Microbial Biomass And Activities In Century Old Landfill Soil", "description": "A study was conducted to determine the effect of metals on soil microbial biomass and activities in landfill soils as well as normal background soil. The microbial biomass and activities were consistently higher in the landfill soils than in the background soil. Significant positive correlations existed between the microbial parameters and soil organic carbon. The landfill soils contained higher concentrations of metals (iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead and zinc) than did the background soil. Microbial parameters were negatively correlated with the metals, with inhibition increasing with the bioavailability of the metals. It is suggested that the metals affected microbial biomass and activities by behaving synergistically or additively with each other. Although the landfill soils had higher microbial biomass and activities than the background soil, due to higher organic matter content, the ratios of microbial parameters/organic carbon indicated that inhibition of microbial growth and activities had occurred due to metal stress.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-009-0774-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-19", "title": "Lead Contamination Of An Agricultural Soil In The Vicinity Of A Shooting Range", "description": "In this study, coupled Pb concentration/Pb isotope data were used to evaluate the effect of a shooting range (operational for over 30 years) on Pb contamination of adjacent agricultural soils and the associated environmental risks. Lead was mainly concentrated in the arable layer of the contaminated agricultural soils at total concentrations ranging from 573 to 694 mg kg(-1). Isotopic analyses ((206)Pb/(207)Pb) proved that Pb originated predominantly from the currently used pellets. Chemical fractionation analyses showed that Pb was mainly associated with the reducible fraction of the contaminated soil, which is in accordance with its predominant soil phases (PbO, PbCO(3)). The 0.05 M EDTA extraction showed that up to 62% of total Pb from the contaminated site is potentially mobilizable. Furthermore, Pb concentrations obtained from the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure extraction exceeded the regulatory limit set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water. Ion exchange resin bags showed to be inefficient for determining the vertical distribution of free Pb(2 + ) throughout the soil profile. Increased Pb concentrations were found in the biomass of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sampled at the studied site and two possible pathways of Pb uptake have been identified: (1) through passive diffusion-driven uptake by roots and (2) especially through atmospheric deposition, which was also proved by analyses of a bioindicator species (bryophyte Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.). This study showed that shooting ranges can present an important source of Pb contamination of agricultural soils located in their close vicinity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Firearms", "Lead", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Ion Exchange Resins", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0774-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-009-0774-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-009-0774-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-009-0774-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-010-1531-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-17", "title": "Soil Chemical And Physical Properties At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Usa", "description": "Acidic deposition leads to the acidification of waters and accelerated leaching and depletion of soil base cations. The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine has used whole-watershed chemical manipulations to study the effects of elevated N and S on forest ecosystem function on a decadal time scale. The objectives of this study were to define the chemical and physical characteristics of soils in both the reference and treated watersheds after 17 years of treatment and assess evidence of change in soil chemistry by comparing soil studies in 1998 and 2006. Results from 1998 confirmed depletion of soil base cation pools and decreased pH due to elevated N and S within the treated watershed. However, between 1998 and 2006, during a period of declining SO4(2-) deposition and continued whole-watershed experimental acidification on the treated watershed, there was little evidence of continued soil exchangeable base cation concentration depletion or recovery. The addition of a pulse of litterfall and accelerating mineralization from a severe ice storm in 1998 may have had significant effects on forest floor nutrient pools and cycling between 1998 and 2006. Our findings suggest that mineralization of additional litter inputs from the ice storm may have obscured temporal trends in soil chemistry. The physical data presented also demonstrate the importance of coarse fragments in the architecture of these soils. This study underscores the importance of long-term, quantitative soil monitoring in determining the trajectories of change in forest soils and ecosystem processes over time.", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Fresh Water", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Calcium", "Magnesium", "Maine", "Acids", "Ecosystem", "Aluminum", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen A. Norton, Michael D. SanClements, Ivan J. Fernandez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1531-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-010-1531-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-010-1531-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-010-1531-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-015-4492-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-17", "title": "Effects Of Simulated Acid Rain On Soil And Soil Solution Chemistry In A Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest In Southern China", "description": "Acid rain is an environmental problem of increasing concern in China. In this study, a laboratory leaching column experiment with acid forest soil was set up to investigate the responses of soil and soil solution chemistry to simulated acid rain (SAR). Five pH levels of SAR were set: 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 (as a control, CK). The results showed that soil acidification would occur when the pH of SAR was \u22643.5. The concentrations of NO\u2083(-)and Ca(2+) in the soil increased significantly when the pH of SAR fell 3.5. The concentration of SO\u2084(2-) in the soil increased significantly when the pH of SAR was <4.0. The effects of SAR on soil solution chemistry became increasingly apparent as the experiment proceeded (except for Na(+) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)). The net exports of NO\u2083(-), SO\u2084(2-), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) increased about 42-86% under pH 2.5 treatment as compared to CK. The Ca(2+) was sensitive to SAR, and the soil could release Ca(2+) through mineral weathering to mitigate soil acidification. The concentration of exchangeable Al(3+) in the soil increased with increasing the acidity of SAR. The releases of soluble Al and Fe were SAR pH dependent, and their net exports under pH 2.5 treatment were 19.6 and 5.5 times, respectively, higher than that under CK. The net export of DOC was reduced by 12-29% under SAR treatments as compared to CK. Our results indicate the chemical constituents in the soil are more sensitive to SAR than those in the soil solution, and the effects of SAR on soil solution chemistry depend not only on the intensity of SAR but also on the duration of SAR addition. The soil and soil solution chemistry in this region may not be affected by current precipitation (pH\u22484.5) in short term, but the soil and soil leachate chemistry may change dramatically if the pH of precipitation were below 3.5 and 3.0, respectively.", "keywords": ["China", "Acid Rain", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juxiu Liu, Guoyi Zhou, Deqiang Zhang, Guowei Chu, Guohua Liang, Qingyan Qiu, Jianping Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4492-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-015-4492-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-015-4492-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-015-4492-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-12", "title": "A meta-analysis of pesticide loss in runoff under conventional tillage and no-till management", "description": "Global agricultural intensification has led to increased pesticide use (37-fold from 1960 to 2005) and soil erosion (14% since 2000). Conservation tillage, including no-till (NT), has been proposed as an alternative to conventional plow till (PT) to mitigate soil erosion, but past studies have reported mixed results on the effect of conservation tillage on pesticide loss. To explore the underlying factors of these differences, a meta-analysis was conducted using published data on pesticide concentration and load in agricultural runoff from NT and PT fields. Peer-reviewed articles (1985-2016) were compiled to build a database for analysis. Contrary to expectations, results showed greater concentration of atrazine, cyanazine, dicamba, and simazine in runoff from NT than PT fields. Further, we observed greater load of dicamba and metribuzin, but reduced load of alachlor from NT fields. Overall, the concentration and the load of pesticides were greater in runoff from NT fields, especially pesticides with high solubility and low affinity for solids. Thus, NT farming affects soil properties that control pesticide retention and interactions with soils, and ultimately their mobility in the environment. Future research is needed for a more complete understanding of pesticide-soil interactions in NT systems. This research could inform the selection of pesticides by farmers and improve the predictive power of pesticide transport models.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Triazines", "solubility", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "octanol-water partition coefficient", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Acetamides", "tillage", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Atrazine", "Pesticides", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-017-6441-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-06", "title": "Improving nitrate load estimates in an agricultural catchment using Event Response Reconstruction", "description": "Low-frequency grab sampling cannot capture fine dynamics of stream solute concentrations, which results in large uncertainties in load estimates. The recent development of high-frequency sensors has enabled monitoring solute concentrations at sub-hourly time scales. This study aimed to improve nitrate (NO3) load estimates using high-resolution records (15-min time interval) from optical sensors to capture the typical concentration response to storm events. An empirical model was developed to reconstruct NO3 concentrations during storm events in a 100-km2 agricultural catchment in Germany. Two years (Jan 2002 to Dec 2002 and Oct 2005 to Sep 2006) of high-frequency measurements of NO3 concentrations, discharge and precipitation were used. An Event Response Reconstruction (ERR) model was developed using NO3 concentration descriptor variables and predictor variables calculated from discharge and precipitation records. Fourteen events were used for calibration, and 27 events from four periods of continuous records of high-frequency measurement were used for validation. During all selected storm events, NO3 concentration decreased during flow rise and increased during the recession phase of the hydrograph. Three storm descriptor variables were used to describe these dynamics: relative change in concentration between initial and minimum NO3 concentrations (rdN), time to maximum change in NO3 concentration (TdN) and time to 50% recovery of NO3 concentration (TN rec ). The ERR consisted of building linear models of discharge and precipitation to predict these three descriptors. The ERR approach greatly improved NO3 load estimates compared to linear interpolation of grab sampling data (error decreased from 10 to 1%) or flow-weighted estimation of load (error is 7%). This study demonstrated that ERR based on a few months of high-resolution data enables accurate load estimates from low-frequency NO3 data.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Germany", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Water Pollution", " Chemical", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "Nitrogen Oxides", "02 engineering and technology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-13", "title": "Effect of digestate application on microbial respiration and bacterial communities' diversity during bioremediation of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soils", "description": "Digestate is an organic by-product of biogas production via anaerobic digestion processes and has a great potential as soil fertilizer due to concentrated nutrients. In this study, we examined digestate as a potential nutrient and microbial seeding for bioremediation of weathered (aged) petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils. We analysed 6 different treatments in microcosm using two industrial soils having different textures: a clay rich soil and a sandy soil. After 30\u202fdays of incubation, the highest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal was observed in microcosms containing digestate together with bulking agent (17.8% and 12.7% higher than control in clay rich soil and sandy soil, respectively) or digestate together with immobilized bacteria (13.4% and 9% higher than control in clay rich soil and sandy soil, respectively). After digestate application microbial respiration was enhanced in sandy soil and inhibited in clay rich soil due to aggregates formation. After bulking agent addition to clay rich soil aggregates size was reduced and oxygen uptake was improved. Application of digestate to soil resulted in the development of distinct microbial groups in amended and non-amended soils. Genera containing species able to degrade TPH like Acinetobacter and Mycobacterium were abundant in digestate and in soil amended with digestate. Quantification of alkB genes, encoding alkane monoxygenase, revealed high concentration of these genes in digestate bacterial community. After application of digestate, the level of alkB genes significantly increased in soils and remained high until the end of the treatment. The study revealed great potential of digestate as a nutrient and bacteria source for soil bioremediation.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "TPH removal", "550", "Soil remediation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "alkB genes; Organic fertilizers; qPCR; Soil remediation; TPH removal; Biodegradation", " Environmental; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum; Petroleum Pollution; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Soil Microbiology", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Organic fertilizers", "Environmental", "Soil", "alkB genes", "Soil Pollutants", "Petroleum Pollution", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "15. Life on land", "Hydrocarbons", "6. Clean water", "qPCR", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Petroleum", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Biodegradation", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-12", "title": "A chemical, microbiological and (eco)toxicological scheme to understand the efficiency of UV-C/H2O2 oxidation on antibiotic-related microcontaminants in treated urban wastewater", "description": "An assessment comprising chemical, microbiological and (eco)toxicological parameters of antibiotic-related microcontaminants, during the application of UV-C/H2O2 oxidation in secondary-treated urban wastewater, is presented. The process was investigated at bench scale under different oxidant doses (0-50\u00a0mg\u00a0L-1) with regard to its capacity to degrade a mixture of antibiotics (i.e. ampicillin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim) with an initial individual concentration of 100\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L-1. The process was optimized with respect to the oxidant dose. Under the optimum conditions, the inactivation of selected bacteria and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) (i.e. faecal coliforms, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonasaeruginosa and total heterotrophs), and the reduction of the abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (e.g. blaOXA, qnrS, sul1, tetM) were investigated. Also, phytotoxicity against three plant species, ecotoxicity against Daphnia magna, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity were assessed. Apart from chemical actinometry, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling was applied to estimate the fluence rate. For the given wastewater quality and photoreactor type used, 40\u00a0mg\u00a0L-1 H2O2 were required for the complete degradation of the studied antibiotics after 18.9\u00a0J\u00a0cm-2. Total bacteria and ARB inactivation was observed at UV doses <1.5\u00a0J\u00a0cm-2 with no bacterial regrowth being observed after 24\u00a0h. The abundance of most ARGs was reduced at 16\u00a0J\u00a0cm-2. The process produced a final effluent with lower phytotoxicity compared to the untreated wastewater. The toxicity against Daphnia magna was shown to increase during the chemical oxidation. Although genotoxicity and oxidative stress fluctuated during the treatment, the latter led to the removal of these effects. Overall, it was made apparent from the high UV fluence required, that the particular reactor although extensively used in similar studies, it does not utilize efficiently the incident radiation and thus, seems not to be suitable for this kind of studies.", "keywords": ["Life sciences; biology", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570", "570", "biology", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "02 engineering and technology", "Wastewater", "Life sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "13. Climate action", "616", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "ddc:570", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-15", "title": "Comparing the impact of microplastics derived from a biodegradable and a conventional plastic mulch on plant performance", "description": "Agricultural lands have been identified as plastic sinks. One source is plastic mulches, which are a source of micro- and nano-sized plastics in agricultural soils. Because of their persistence, there is now a push towards developing biodegradable plastics, which are designed to undergo (partial) breakdown after entering the environment. Yet, limited research has investigated the impacts of both conventional and biodegradable plastics on distinct plants. Moreover, comparisons among studies are difficult due to differences in experimental design. This study directly compares the effects of artificially weathered conventional polyethylene (PE) and starch-based biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) on four food crops, including two monocots (barley, Hordeum vulgare, and wheat, Triticum aestivum L.) and two dicots (carrot, Daucus carota, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.). We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant low, medium, and high (0.01\u00a0%, 0.1\u00a0%, 1\u00a0% w/w) concentrations of PE and starch-PBAT blend on seed germination (acute toxicity), and subsequently on plant growth and chlorophyll through a pot-plant experiment (chronic toxicity). Germination of all species was not affected by both plastics. However, root length was reduced for lettuce and wheat seedlings. No other effects were recorded on monocots. We observed a reduction in shoot length and bud wet weight of carrot seedlings for the highest concentration of PE and starch-PBAT blend. Chronic exposure resulted in a significant decrease in shoot biomass of barley and lettuce. Additionally, a positive increase in the number of leaves of lettuce was observed for both plastics. Chlorophyll content was increased in lettuce when exposed to PE and starch-PBAT blend. Overall, adverse effects in dicots were more abundant than in monocots. Importantly, we found that the biodegradable plastic caused more commonly adverse effects on plants compared to conventional plastic, which was confirmed by a mini-review of studies directly comparing the impact of conventional and biodegradable microplastics.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "seed germination", "Germination", "Biodegradable Plastics", "02 engineering and technology", "myrkyllisyys", "01 natural sciences", "630", "maatalous", "Soil Pollutants", "Triticum", "agriculture", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "mikromuovi", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Toxicity", "kasvien kasvu", "Microplastic", "toxicity", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "it\u00e4minen", "plant growth", "biodegradable plastic", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradable plastic", "Seed germination", "biohajoaminen", "6. Clean water", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "microplastic", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-30", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in line with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while concentrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by contaminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Organic farming", "organic agriculture", "Risk Assessment", "630", "Societal wastes", "12. Responsible consumption", "Organic contaminants", "Soil", "Soil biology", "RELACS", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "recycled nutrients", "FiBL25054", "Fertilizers", "Abacus", "Risk assessment", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Sewage", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "contaminants", "environment", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-22", "title": "A Study On As, Cu, Pb And Zn (Bio)Availability In An Abandoned Mine Area (Sao Domingos, Portugal) Using Chemical And Ecotoxicological Tools", "description": "The aim of this study was to relate the results obtained by chemical methods, used to assess environmental (bio)availability, with the ecotoxic response and bioaccumulation of trace elements (TE) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils from a sulphide mine. The extracting solution 0.5\u00a0M NH4CH3COO, 0.5\u00a0M CH3COOH and 0.02\u00a0M EDTA (pH\u00a04.7), was able to predict environmental bioavailability of TE to E. fetida. However, the toxicological bioavailability could not be predicted from the results of the chemical extractions or from the bioaccumulation results: E. fetida reproduction was higher in soils where environmental bioavailability of TE and bioaccumulation values were also higher. In this study, the toxic response of the organism seemed to be more influenced by the overall nutritional status of the soil (e.g. pH, organic matter, plant nutrient availability and cation exchange capacity) than by its TE contamination. In the case of anthropogenic multi-contaminated sites, the different soil characteristics exert an important and confounding influence in the toxic response and the relationship between different bioavailable fractions cannot be easily established, emphasising the need to combine results from chemical methods with those from bioassays when evaluating the bioavailability of TE in these soils.", "keywords": ["Bioavailability", "Mine contaminated soils", "Biological Availability", "Ecotoxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Bioassays", "Mining", "Arsenic", "Soil", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Bioaccumulation", "Zinc", "Lead", "Metals", "Indexa\u00e7\u00e3o ISI", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Chemical extraction methods", "Copper", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-02", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Different Inorganic As And Se Species On Their Uptake And Translocation By Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings", "description": "There is a lack of information on the interactive relationship of absorption and transformation between two inorganic arsenic (As) species and two inorganic selenium (Se) species in rice grown under hydroponic condition. Interactive effects of inorganic As (As(III)) and (As(V)) and Se (Se(IV)and Se(VI)) species on their uptake, accumulation, and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were investigated in hydroponic culture. The results clearly showed the interactive effects of inorganic As and Se on their uptake by rice. The presence of Se reduced the sum of As species in the rice shoots regardless of Se speciation. If Se is present as Se(IV), then is it is accompanied by a corresponding increase of the sum of As species, but if Se is present as Se(VI), then there is no change in the sum of As species in rice roots. These effects are observed regardless of initial As speciation. When the rice plants are exposed to Se(IV), the presence of As increases the sum of Se species in the roots, and decreases the sum of Se species in the corresponding shoots. This effect is more pronounced for As(III) than for As(V). There is no effect on Se during exposure to Se(VI). Co-existence of As also increased SeMet in rice roots.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Arsenic", "Selenium", "Hydroponics", "Seedlings", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drug Interactions", "Environmental Pollutants", "Plant Shoots"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yi-Zong Huang, Gui-Lan Duan, Yunxia Liu, Ying Hu, Guo-Xin Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-25", "title": "Accumulation, Availability, And Uptake Of Heavy Metals In A Red Soil After 22-Year Fertilization And Cropping", "description": "Fertilization is important to increase crop yields, but long-term application of fertilizers probably aggravated the risk of heavy metals in acidic soils. In this study, the effect of 22-year fertilization and cropping on accumulation, availability, and uptake of heavy metals in red soil was investigated. The results showed that pig manure promoted significantly cadmium (Cd) accumulation (average 1.1 mg kg(-1)), nearly three times higher than national soil standards and, thus, increased metal availability. But the enrichment of heavy metals decreased remarkably by 50.5 % under manure fertilization, compared with CK (control without fertilization). On the contrary, chemical fertilizers increased greatly lead (Pb) availability and Cd activity; in particular, exceeding 85 % of soil Cd became available to plant under N (nitrogen) treatment during 9-16 years of fertilization, which correspondingly increased their enrichment by 29.5 %. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers caused soil acidification and manure fertilization led to the increase in soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and available phosphorus (Olsen P), which influenced strongly metal behavior in red soil, and their effect had extended to deeper soil layer (20\u223c40 cm). It is advisable to increase application of manure alone with low content of heavy metals or in combination with chemical fertilizers to acidic soils in order to reduce toxic metal risk.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Swine", "Phosphorus", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances", "Cadmium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nan Sun, Jialong Lv, Jing Liu, Shiwei Zhou, Minggang Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-015-4745-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Mulching On N2o Emissions And Maize Productivity In A Rain-Fed Upland", "description": "In the hilly areas of southern China, uplands and paddies are located adjacent to each other. Using rice straw as mulch for upland soil may improve crop production and partially replace chemical fertilizers, which may mitigate N2O emissions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of rice straw mulching for mitigating N2O emissions and increasing crop production. The treatments included no mulching (CK), 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM5), and 10,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM10). Moreover, all the treatments received equivalent amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from chemical fertilizers plus rice straw. Relative to CK, cumulative N2O emissions decreased by 23.1 and 33.5% with SM5 and SM10, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between N2O fluxes and soil water-filled pore space (WPFS) (r 2\u2009=\u20090.495, P\u2009<\u20090.05) and between seasonal cumulative N2O fluxes and the chemical N fertilization rate (r 2\u2009=\u20090.814, P\u2009<\u20090.05). These findings indicate that soil WPFS was the key environmental factor in N2O emissions and that the substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with rice straw was the main driver of N2O mitigation. Relative to CK, the maize yield increased by 16.5 and 29.6% with SM5 and SM10, respectively, which can be attributed primarily to the increases in soil moisture. The chemical fertilizer input could be decreased and N2O emissions could be mitigated through straw mulching, while achieving improved crop yield. This management strategy has great potential, and this study provides an important reference for low-carbon agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hai Jun Hou, Chun Mei Yin, Xiao Hong Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-12", "title": "Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes", "description": "The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concentrations was observed from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was observed after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrological droughts on nitrate concentrations was also investigated. Sharp increases in the nitrate concentration in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Rivers", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater under Threat from Diffuse Contaminants: Improving on-Site Sanitation", " Agriculture and Water Supply Practices", "Groundwater", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-13", "title": "Physicochemical and biological ageing processes of (micro)plastics in the environment: a multi-tiered study on polyethylene", "description": "Pollution by plastic and microplastic impacts the environment globally. Knowledge on the ageing mechanisms of plastics in natural settings is needed to understand their environmental fate and interaction with biota. The study of physicochemical and biological ageing is gaining focus in the context of the environmental sciences. However experimental research has typically assessed individual ageing processes, isolating them from a more realistic and complex environmental context where multiple factors are simultaneously at play. An over-simplistic approach can limit the comprehension of the phenomenon and prevent ranking the prevalent processes. In this study we propose a multi-tiered approach to study the environmental ageing of polyethylene plastic fragments focusing on the combined assessment of physical and biological processes, in sequence. The ageing protocol included Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in air and in a range of water solutions, followed by a biofouling test. Changes in surface characteristics were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. UV irradiation both in air and water caused a significant increase in the density of oxidized groups on plastic surface, whereby water solution chemistry influenced the process both by modulating surface oxidation and morphology. Biofouling too, was a strong determinant of surface alterations, regardless the prior irradiation treatments. This suggests that biological-driven alterations are not affected by the level of chemical-physical ageing and may represent, in real settings, a main driver of alteration of both weathered and pristine plastics. This work highlights the potential pivotal role of biofouling as a main process of plastic ageing, providing useful technical insights for future experimental works. These results also confirms that a multi-tiered experimental approach is necessary for a complete characterization of the environmental ageing of plastics.
", "keywords": ["Polyethylene", "13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Water", "02 engineering and technology", "Plastics", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Research Article", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-022-22599-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "The Effects Of Copper Oxy Chloride Waste Contamination On Selected Soil Biochemical Properties At Disposal Site", "description": "A study was carried out at a sanitary waste disposal site for Kutsaga Tobacco Research Station, Zimbabwe, which uses large amounts of copper oxy chloride for sterilization of recycled float trays in flooded bench tobacco seedling production systems. Soil samples randomly collected from six stream bank zones (bands up the valley slope) varying in their distance ranges from the centre of both the wastewater-free and wastewater-affected paths [0-5 m (B1); 6-10 m (B2); 11-15 m (B3); 16-20 m (B4); 21-25 m (B5) and 26-30 m (B6)] in two sample depths (0-15; 15-30 cm) were analysed for metal copper, organic matter contents, and soil pH and subjected to agarized incubation for microbial counts. Results suggest that the repeated disposals of copper oxy chloride waste from tobacco float tray sanitation sinks into a creek amplify metal copper loads in the soil by 500 fold. The greatest concentrations of copper in both the topsoil and upper subsoil were recorded in the B3, B4 and B5 stream bank zones of the wastewater path. The concentration of copper was significantly lower in the middle of the waste-affected creek than that in the stream bank zones. This trend in the copper concentration coincided with the lowest acidity of the soil. Overloading the soil with copper, surprisingly, enhances the content of soil organic matter. The repeated release of copper oxy chloride waste into a stream causes an accelerated build-up of metal copper and soil acidity in the stream bank on-site while contamination is translocated to either underground water reserve or surface stream water flow in the middle of the wastewater path.", "keywords": ["Nicotiana", "Zimbabwe", "Industrial Waste", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper", "Soil Microbiology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Disinfectants", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Johnson Masaka, M. Muunganirwa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-18", "title": "Impact Of Different Tillage Practices On Molecular Characteristics Of Humic Acids In A Long-Term Field Experiment \u2014 An Application Of Three Different Spectroscopic Methods", "description": "The present paper describes changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and extractable humic acids (HAs) in a long-term field experiment with different tillage treatments (minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT)). This field experiment is located in the east of Vienna in a Pannonian climate and it was started in 1988. The methodological approach included elemental analyses, FT-IR, 13C NMR and fluorimetric measurements. Both MT and RT revealed significant depth gradients of yields of extractable HAs. In CT no depth gradient was observable, neither for HA yields nor for observed molecular characteristics. This indicated a destruction of the gradient by mixing of the soil in CT. Especially MT showed an increase of aromatic moieties with depth, suggesting an increased humification of HAs in the lower soil layers. Gradients with similar trends were indicated for the carbonylic, the amidic and probably the hydroxylic groups in HAs extracted from MT and RT samples. The data revealed with FT-IR and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy were convincing, plausible and meaningful, the highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy was limited because of strong quenching by inner filter effects, compromising data reliability. However, the fluorescence results based on a defined HAs concentration (and comparing soils from the same site) were in line with results from the other methods (13C NMR and FT-IR). As a consequence, the influence of tillage treatments can be followed by absence or presence of depth gradients of the according molecular characteristics in extracted HAs.", "keywords": ["Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fluorometry", "Cities", "Humic Substances", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.048", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-01", "title": "Limitations and Prospects for Wastewater Treatment by UV and Visible-Light-Active Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Critical Review", "description": "Heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC) has been widely investigated in recent decades for the removal of a number of contaminants from aqueous matrices, but its application in real wastewater treatment at full scale is still scarce. Indeed, process and technological limitations have made HPC uncompetitive with respect to consolidated processes/technologies so far. In this manuscript, these issues are critically discussed and reviewed with the aim of providing the reader with a realistic picture of the prospective application of HPC in wastewater treatment. Accordingly, consolidated and new photocatalysts (among which the visible active ones are attracting increasing interest among the scientific community), along with preparation methods, are reviewed to understand whether, with increased process efficiency, these methods can be realistically and competitively developed at industrial scale. Precipitation is considered as an attractive method for photocatalyst preparation at the industrial scale; sol-gel and ultrasound may be feasible only if no expensive metal precursor is used, while hydrothermal and solution combustion synthesis are expected to be difficult (expensive) to scale up. The application of HPC in urban and industrial wastewater treatment and possible energy recovery by hydrogen production are discussed in terms of current limitations and future prospects. Despite the fact that HPC has been studied for the removal of pollutants in aqueous matrices for two decades, its use in wastewater treatment is still at a 'technological research' stage. In order to accelerate the adoption of HPC at full scale, it is advisable to focus on investigations under real conditions and on developing/improving pilot-scale reactors to better investigate scale-up conditions and the potential to successfully address specific challenges in wastewater treatment through HPC. In realistic terms, the prospective use of HPC is more likely as a tertiary treatment of wastewater, particularly if more stringent regulations come into force, than as pretreatment for industrial wastewater to improve biodegradability.", "keywords": ["Energy recovery; Hydrogen production; Industrial wastewater; Photocatalysis; Technology readiness level; Urban wastewater; Bacteria; Biodegradation", " Environmental; Catalysis; Metals; Waste Disposal", " Fluid; Water Pollutants", " Chemical; Light; Ultraviolet Rays", "Bacteria", "Light", "Ultraviolet Rays", "02 engineering and technology", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Catalysis", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "0104 chemical sciences", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0210 nano-technology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Topics%20in%20Current%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s41061-019-0272-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-13", "title": "A spatial approach to identify priority areas for pesticide pollution mitigation", "description": "Identifying priority areas is an essential step in developing management strategies to reduce pesticide loads in surface water. A spatially explicit model-based approach was developed to detect priority areas for diffuse pesticide pollution at catchment scale. The method uses available datasets and considers different pesticide pathways in the environment post-application. The approach was applied in a catchment area in SE Flanders (Belgium) as a case study. Calculated risk areas were obtained using detailed landscape data and combining pesticide emissions and hydrological connectivity. The risk areas obtained were further compared with an alternative observation-based method, developed specifically for this study site that includes long-term field observations and local expert knowledge. Both methods equally classified 50% of the areas. The impact of crop rotation on the calculated risk was analysed. High-risk areas were identified and added to a cumulative map over all five years to evaluate temporal variations. The model-based approach was used for the initial identification of risk areas at the study site. The tool helps to prioritise zones and detect particular fields to target landscape mitigation measures to reduce diffuse pesticide pollution reaching surface water bodies.", "keywords": ["Technology and Engineering", "GIS modelling", "FATE", "0207 environmental engineering", "GLYPHOSATE", "02 engineering and technology", "Diffuse pesticide pollution", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "CATCHMENT", "Belgium", "RUNOFF", "SURFACE WATERS", "Pesticides", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RISK", "Catchment scale", "Water Pollution", "Surface water", "Agriculture", "HERBICIDE LOSSES", "15. Life on land", "Field observations", "BUFFER ZONES", "TRANSPORT", "6. Clean water", "NO-TILL", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Pesticide risk areas", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.04.120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pollutant&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pollutant&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pollutant&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pollutant&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 431, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T05:12:12.370985Z"}