{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-20", "title": "Regenerating productivity after soil fertility depletion in a 20-year cotton\u2013maize rotation in Benin", "description": "Abstract           <p>Soil degradation is a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, where integrated soil fertility management has been promoted to restore productivity. A long-term experiment (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) run in Benin consisted of two phases: a depletion phase (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931980) with varying levels of mineral and organic fertilisation, and a regeneration phase (1981\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) where all plots received full fertilisation and organic matter additions. Soils were sampled at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm depth in 1973, 1974, 1982, and 1989 to assess fertility changes. Mineral fertilisation (N, P, K) and plant biomass management (crop residue retention and biomass additions) significantly influenced seed cotton and maize grain yields during the depletion phase. Soil organic carbon declined consistently in all treatments during depletion but remained stable during regeneration. The long-term effect was evident only in seed cotton yield during depletion. In contrast, due to high variability, maize grain yield showed no consistent trend. The combined use of organic resources and mineral fertilisers helped maintain crop productivity but led to declining soil chemical properties in this Ferralsol. The analysis of this outdated yet unpublished dataset shed light on how long-term soil depletion effects persist over time, even when soil fertility management is restored, indicating a sort of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil memory\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The persistence of these effect suggests that regenerative interventions must begin before critical thresholds of degradation are crossed. Future research should focus on alternative measures to restore/maintain soil fertility not evaluated in this experiment, such as conservation tillage or legume integration, to provide long-term benefits for smallholder farmers facing soil fertility challenges.</p", "keywords": ["Crop residues", "diversification", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "IMPACT", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "rendement des cultures", "Cotton-maize yields", "Nutrient cycling", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875", "fertilisation", "CARBON", "CROP PRODUCTIVITY", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "Long-term experiment", "mauvaise herbe", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "COMPOST", "pratique culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7168", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "Gossypium", "Soil organic carbon", "MEMORY", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "Soil's memory", "non-travail du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8fc04948", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "STATE", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347", "YIELD", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "conservation des sols", "MINERAL FERTILIZER", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3335", "gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:05Z", "created": "2011-02-08", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and time- independent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "BIOFUELS;ENERGY CROPS;PERENNIALS;LCA;GREENHOUSE GASES;CLIMATE CHANGE;POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS;BIOENERGY POTENTIAL;LAND-USE CHANGE;NITROUS OXIDE;CARBON DIOXIDE;AGRICULTURAL PRATICES \u00a0;AGRONOMIE;", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "biomasse", "pratique culturale", "\u00e9nergie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "oxyde nitreux", "gaz trace", "\u00e9mission", "Agricultural sciences", "flux", "culture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "cycle de vie", "biocarburant", "13. Climate action", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "impact sur l'environnement", "Sciences agricoles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Bacterial And Fungal Microbial Diversity In The Kabete Long-Term Trial, Kenya", "description": "The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha\u22121, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha\u22121) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N2P2), N2P2 + MS, N2P2 + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N2P2 and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N2P2 was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N2P2 + FYM and N2P2 + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Microbial diversity", "soil microorganisms", "engrais organique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27870", "Organic and inorganic amendments", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "630", "fertilisation", "biodiversit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4592", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "inorganic fertilizers", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34326", "fertility", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "6. Clean water", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "PCR", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34079", "polymerization", "community structure", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "management", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "flore microbienne", "soil", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36167", "micro-organisme du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "pratique culturale", "microorganismos del suelo", "suelo", "flore du sol", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "polimerizaci\u00f3n", "15. Life on land", "engrais min\u00e9ral", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-07", "title": "Soil Microbial Diversity And C Turnover Modified By Tillage And Cropping In Laos Tropical Grassland", "description": "Agricultural practices should modify the diversity of soil microbes. However, the precise relationships between soil properties and microbial diversity are poorly known. Here, we study the effect of agricultural management on soil microbial diversity and C turnover in tropical grassland of north-eastern Laos. Three years after native grassland conversion into agricultural land, we compared soils from five land use management systems: one till versus two no-till rotational cropping systems, one no-till improved pasture and the natural grassland. Soils were incubated in microcosms during 64 days at optimum temperature and humidity. Bacterial and fungal diversity were evaluated by metagenomic 454-pyrosequencing of 16S and 18SrRNA genes, respectively. Changes in soil respiration patterns were evaluated by monitoring 12C- and 13C-CO2 release after soil amendment with 13C-labelled wheat residues. Results show that residue mineralization increased with bacterial richness and diversity in the tilled treatment 7 days after soil amendment. Native soil organic C mineralization and priming effect increased with fungal richness and diversity in improved pasture and natural grassland. No-till cropping systems represented intermediate situations between tillage and pasture systems. Our findings evidence the potential of controlling soil microbial diversity by agricultural practices to improve soil biological properties. We suggest the promotion of no-till systems as a fair compromise between the need for agriculture intensification and soil ecological processes preservation.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "cycle du carbone", "Microbial diversity", "Conservation agriculture", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "agro\u00e9cologie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Tillage", "biodiversit\u00e9", "labour", "Acid savannah", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "biologie du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33990", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "sol acide", "Priming effect", "savane", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6154", "pratique culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "2. Zero hunger", "flore du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "prairie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7160", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "Carbon cycle", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "travail du sol", "rotation culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_92381", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "exp\u00e9rimentation au champ", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6021", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_89", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7771", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6662"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Chemistry%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10311-013-0420-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-27", "title": "Sensitivity of the landslide model LAPSUS_LS to vegetation and soil parameters", "description": "Open Access\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 LAPSUS_LS \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: (1) \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0648 (2) \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 LAPSUS_LS \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 LAPSUS_LS \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.0 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0642 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a LAPSUS_LS \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.", "keywords": ["Cohesion (chemistry)", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27199", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4915", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "culture associ\u00e9e", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1920", "FOS: Mechanical engineering", "Organic chemistry", "Plant Science", "02 engineering and technology", "Erythrina poeppigiana", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Mechanical Effects of Plant Roots on Slope Stability", "stabilisation du sol", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "monoculture", "Engineering", "enracinement", "couverture du sol", "m\u00e9thode statistique", "Pathology", "Monoculture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35927", "U10 - Informatique", " math\u00e9matiques et statistiques", "Susceptibility Mapping", "Life Sciences", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Coffea arabica", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "Landslide", "Plant Responses to Flooding Stress", "Slope Stability", "Physical Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6649", "Medicine", "Vegetation (pathology)", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7377", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7171", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil Science", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Transmissivity", "Environmental science", "mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique", "FOS: Mathematics", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12676", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37897", "Landslide Hazards and Risk Assessment", "pratique culturale", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "Soil science", "montagne", "Mechanical Engineering", "Slope stability", "Modeling", "Botany", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "Bulk density", "Agronomy", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Science", "Cohesion", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-08", "title": "Unravelling life cycle impacts of coffee: Why do results differ so much among studies?", "description": "Coffee beans are a major agricultural product and coffee is one of the most widely traded commodities and consumed beverages globally. Supply chains and cropping systems are very diverse, with contrasted potentials and performance, as well as environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies are needed to inform on reduction in impacts, but there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the variability of existing LCA results and impacts of the cropping systems and their trade-offs along the supply chains. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, the paper presents a systematic literature review of coffee LCA, considering a total of 34 studies covering 234 coffee systems. Global warming potential (GWP) was the impact category most reported in the literature, but the results varied greatly at both the farm and drink levels. For the former, the GWP values ranged from 0.15 to 14.5 (median: 3.6) kg CO 2 eq./kg green coffee beans and for the latter the values ranged from 2 to 23 (median: 8.8) kg CO 2 eq./kg consumed coffee in drinks. Main contributors to the GWP of production of green coffee beans were land use change (LUC), fertilisers and wet processing. However, there were great inconsistencies across studies in terms of LUC accounting, field emissions and wet process modelling. Green coffee beans production was also the main contributor to the GWP of coffee consumed, followed by brewing and coffee cup washing. Some studies covered other impacts, in addition to GWP. At both the farm and drink levels, fertilisers and pesticides were the main contributors to eutrophication and acidification, and to ecotoxicity, respectively. Brewing was the second main contributor at the drink level, in some cases the top contributor for energy -related indicators. Assumptions on packaging, cup washing and waste disposal were highly variable across studies. Water impact indicators were hardly comparable due to the system variability and method inconsistencies. Given the large diversity of coffee cropping systems worldwide, but also the diversity of possible coffee drinks, we recommend that LCA studies be standardised with respect to the definition of the functional unit, including consistent quality aspects for both green coffee beans (moisture) and coffee drinks (organoleptic properties). They should also be more thorough in detailing processes at all stages. More attention should be paid to the farming system complexity and a mass balance should be ensured when assessing biomass flows concerning LUC, co -products and residue emissions. Finally, more primary data would be needed to decipher the cropping system diversity, as well as to characterise emissions from all inputs to the field and bean processing, notably for wet and semi -wet processing.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "traitement des d\u00e9chets", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37938", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "Coffea", "Coffee", "7. Clean energy", "630", "333", "irrigation", "12. Responsible consumption", "Life cycle assessment", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9000105", "11. Sustainability", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35352", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1720", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1721", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "syst\u00e8me de culture", "pratique culturale", "analyse du cycle de vie", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28379", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34836", "E90 - Structure agraire", "r\u00e9chauffement global", "Agriculture", "Coffea arabica", "Environmental impacts", "15. Life on land", "Carbon footprint", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "6. Clean water", "f\u00e8ve de caf\u00e9", "\u00e9cotoxicit\u00e9", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3954", "impact sur l'environnement", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36259", "\u00e9valuation de l'impact"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainable%20Production%20and%20Consumption", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.spc.2024.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-23", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration In Tropical Areas. General Considerations And Analysis Of Some Edaphic Determinants For Lesser Antilles Soils", "description": "Some general notions on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and the difficulties to evaluate this process globally are presented. Problems of time- and space- scales are emphasized. SOC erosion, which is generally difficult to evaluate in relation to land use changes, is discussed in detail. Different aspects of SOC sequestration on the Lesser Antilles are presented for a wide range of soil types. Comparisons between soils revealed that the SOC stocks in the Lesser Antilles are highly dependent upon the mineralogy: higher stocks for allophanic (ALL) soils than for low activity clay (LAC) and high activity clay (HAC) soils. But in terms of potential of SOC sequestration (pSeq-SOC, differences between permanent vegetation and continuous cultivation situations), there are no differences between ALL and LAC soils (22.9 and 23.3 tC. ha\u22121, respectively). On the other hand, the potentials of SOC sequestration were higher for HAC soils (30.8 \u2013 59.4 tC. ha\u22121, with the higher levels in the less Mg- and Na-affected Vertisol). Sheet erosion is a serious problem for Vertisol with high Mg and Na on exchange complex, causing high dispersability of fine elements. Thus, the lower SOC levels in these soils may be partly due to erosion losses. Laboratory incubations have shown that 37 \u2013 53% of the protected SOC in these soils was located in aggregates larger than 0.2 mm. The effect of agricultural practices on SOC sequestration was studied for the Vertisols. Intensification of pastures led to higher plant productivity and higher organic matter restitutions and SOC sequestration. The gain was 53.5 and 25.4 tC. ha\u22121 for the low and high-Mg Vertisol, respectively (0\u201320 cm layer). SOC sequestration with pastures also depends upon the plot history with lower mean annual increase in SOC for the initially eroded (1.0 gC . kg\u22121 soil . yr\u22121) than for the non-degraded (1.5 gC . kg\u22121 soil . yr\u22121) Vertisol. Loss of SOC in a pasture-market gardening rotation was 22.2 tC . ha\u22121 with deep (30\u201340 cm) and 10.7 tC . ha\u22121 with surface (10\u201315 cm) tillage. It was unclear whether the differences in SOC losses were due to mineralization and/or to erosion.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "SOL", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "PATURAGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "AGREGAT", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "PRATIQUE CULTURALE", "MINERALOGIE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "TEXTURE DU SOL"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013359319380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1013359319380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-10", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change. A Review", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted CO2 returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and timeindependent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably N2O emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to 1 GtCO2 eq.year\u22121 (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "AGRICULTURAL PRATICES", "P05 - Ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et leur gestion", "P06 - Sources d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable", "NITROUS OXIDE", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "CLIMATE CHANGE", "BIOFUELS", "710", "02 engineering and technology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16181", "7. Clean energy", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2570", "land-use change", "CARBON DIOXIDE", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "gaz \u00e0 effet de serre", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34841", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "\u00e9nergie renouvelable", "POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27465", "bioenergy potential", "nitrous oxide", "LCA", "BIOENERGY POTENTIAL", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "source d'\u00e9nergie", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "climate change", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "perennials", "ENERGY CROPS", "GREENHOUSE GASES", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28744", "oxyde d'azote", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "PERENNIALS", "agricultural practices", "pollution par l'agriculture", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "greenhouse gases", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25719", "biomasse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1302", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "AGRONOMIE", "political and economic frameworks", "energy crops", "pratique culturale", "bio\u00e9nergie", "660", "carbon dioxide", "biofuels", "biocarburant", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16002", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16526"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/cirad-00749753/file/Article_ASD.2010.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2009039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2009039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11370/a5fba259-dd61-43ac-8b8a-86b2d5fd6cef", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-20", "title": "Regenerating productivity after soil fertility depletion in a 20-year cotton\u2013maize rotation in Benin", "description": "Abstract           <p>Soil degradation is a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, where integrated soil fertility management has been promoted to restore productivity. A long-term experiment (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) run in Benin consisted of two phases: a depletion phase (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931980) with varying levels of mineral and organic fertilisation, and a regeneration phase (1981\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) where all plots received full fertilisation and organic matter additions. Soils were sampled at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm depth in 1973, 1974, 1982, and 1989 to assess fertility changes. Mineral fertilisation (N, P, K) and plant biomass management (crop residue retention and biomass additions) significantly influenced seed cotton and maize grain yields during the depletion phase. Soil organic carbon declined consistently in all treatments during depletion but remained stable during regeneration. The long-term effect was evident only in seed cotton yield during depletion. In contrast, due to high variability, maize grain yield showed no consistent trend. The combined use of organic resources and mineral fertilisers helped maintain crop productivity but led to declining soil chemical properties in this Ferralsol. The analysis of this outdated yet unpublished dataset shed light on how long-term soil depletion effects persist over time, even when soil fertility management is restored, indicating a sort of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil memory\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The persistence of these effect suggests that regenerative interventions must begin before critical thresholds of degradation are crossed. Future research should focus on alternative measures to restore/maintain soil fertility not evaluated in this experiment, such as conservation tillage or legume integration, to provide long-term benefits for smallholder farmers facing soil fertility challenges.</p", "keywords": ["Crop residues", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "IMPACT", "rendement des cultures", "Cotton-maize yields", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875", "fertilisation", "CARBON", "Long-term experiment", "mauvaise herbe", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "COMPOST", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "Cotton\u2013maize yields", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "Soil's memory", "non-travail du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8fc04948", "STATE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "Soil\u2019s memory", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3335", "gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "diversification", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "Nutrient cycling", "CROP PRODUCTIVITY", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "B\u00e9nin", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165", "pratique culturale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7168", "Longterm experiment", "Gossypium", "Soil organic carbon", "MEMORY", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "YIELD", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "conservation des sols", "MINERAL FERTILIZER", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2344"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11370/a5fba259-dd61-43ac-8b8a-86b2d5fd6cef"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11370/a5fba259-dd61-43ac-8b8a-86b2d5fd6cef", "name": "item", "description": "11370/a5fba259-dd61-43ac-8b8a-86b2d5fd6cef", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11370/a5fba259-dd61-43ac-8b8a-86b2d5fd6cef"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pratique+culturale&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pratique+culturale&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pratique+culturale&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=pratique+culturale&offset=9", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9, "numberReturned": 9, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T23:20:25.272165Z"}