{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Can Cover Crop Use Allow Increased Levels Of Corn Residue Removal For Biofuel In Irrigated And Rainfed Systems?", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal at high rates can result in negative impacts to soil ecosystem services. The use of cover crops could be a potential strategy to ameliorate any adverse effects of residue removal while allowing greater removal levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes in water erosion potential, soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentration, and crop yields under early- and late-terminated cover crop (CC) combined with five levels of corn residue removal after 3\u00a0years on rainfed and irrigated no-till continuous corn in Nebraska. Treatments were no CC, early- and late-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC, and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% corn residue removal rates. Complete residue removal reduced mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates (5\u00a0cm depth) by 29% compared to no removal at the rainfed site only, suggesting increased water erosion risk at rainfed sites. Late-terminated CC significantly increased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 27 to 37% at both sites compared to no CC, but early-terminated CC had no effect. The increased MWD with late-terminated CC suggests that CC when terminated late can offset residue removal-induced risks of water erosion. Residue removal and CC did not affect SOC and total soil N concentration. Particulate organic matter increased with late-terminated CC at the irrigated site compared to no CC. Complete residue removal increased irrigated grain yield by 9% in 1\u00a0year relative to no removal. Late-terminated CC had no effect on corn yield except in 1\u00a0year when yield was 8% lower relative to no CC due to low precipitation at corn establishment. Overall, late-terminated CC ameliorates residue removal-induced increases in water erosion potential and could allow greater levels of removal without reducing corn yields in most years, in the short term, under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["330", "Plant Biology", "Winter rye", "Horticulture", "Aggregate stability", "Mean weight diameter", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Agricultural Science", "Residue removal", "2. Zero hunger", "Late termination", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Early termination", "Corn yield", "Cover crop", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:17:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-15", "title": "Nitrogen And Harvest Effects On Soil Properties Under Rainfed Switchgrass And No-Till Corn Over 9 Years: Implications For Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract<p>Nitrogen fertilizer and harvest management will alter soils under bioenergy crop production and the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of harvest timing and residue removal remain relatively unknown. Compared to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled corn (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is predicted to improve soil properties [i.e. soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass (SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), and soil aggregation] due to its perennial nature and deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooted growth form, but few explicit field comparisons exist. We assessed soil properties over 9\uffc2\uffa0years for a rainfed study of N fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120, and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and harvest management on switchgrass (harvested in August and postfrost) and NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (with and without 50% stover removal) in eastern NE. We measured SOC, aggregate stability, SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, bulk density (BD), pH, P and K in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm. Both NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C and switchgrass increased SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C, SOC content, and aggregate stability over the 9\uffc2\uffa0years, reflecting improvement from previous conventional management. However, the soils under switchgrass had double the percent aggregate stability, 1.3 times more microbial biomass, and a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff938% decrease in bulk density in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depths compared to NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. After 9\uffc2\uffa0years, cumulative decrease in available P was significantly greater beneath NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (\uffe2\uff88\uff9224.0\uffc2\uffa0kg P\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared to switchgrass (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.4\uffc2\uffa0kg P\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). When all measured soil parameters were included in the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), switchgrass improved soil quality index over time (\uffce\uff94SQI) in all depths. NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90C without residue removal did not affect \uffce\uff94SQI, but 50% residue removal decreased \uffce\uff94SQI (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) due to reduced aggregate stability and SMB\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. Even with best\uffe2\uff80\uff90management practices such as NT, corn stover removal will have to be carefully managed to prevent soil degradation. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N and harvest management studies that include biological, chemical, and physical soil measurements are necessary to accurately assess bioenergy impacts on soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "harvest timing", "no-till corn", "N fertilizer", "soil C sequestration", "switchgrass", "P", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "K", "7. Clean energy", "630", "residue removal", "soil organic C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12142"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12142", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12142"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-18", "title": "N Fertilizer And Harvest Impacts On Bioenergy Crop Contributions To Soc", "description": "Abstract<p>Belowground root biomass is infrequently measured and simply represented in models that predict landscape\uffe2\uff80\uff90level changes to soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas balances. Yet, crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific responses to N fertilizer and harvest treatments are known to impact both plant allocation and tissue chemistry, potentially altering decomposition rates and the direction and magnitude of soil C stock changes and greenhouse gas fluxes. We examined switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.,) yields, belowground root biomass, C, N and soil particulate organic matter\uffe2\uff80\uff90C (POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) in a 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rainfed study of N fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120 and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and harvest management near Mead, NE, USA. Switchgrass was harvested with one pass in either August or postfrost, and for no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) corn, either 50% or no stover was removed. Switchgrass had greater belowground root biomass C and N (6.39, 0.10\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) throughout the soil profile compared to NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90corn (1.30, 0.06\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and a higher belowground root biomass C:N ratio, indicating greater recalcitrant belowground root biomass C input beneath switchgrass. There was little difference between the two crops in soil POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C indicating substantially slower decomposition and incorporation into SOC under switchgrass, despite much greater root C. The highest N rate decreased POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C under both NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90corn and switchgrass, indicating faster decomposition rates with added fertilizer. Residue removal reduced corn belowground root biomass C by 37% and N by 48% and subsequently reduced POM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C by 22% compared to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90residue removal. Developing productive bioenergy systems that also conserve the soil resource will require balancing fertilization that maximizes aboveground productivity but potentially reduces SOC sequestration by reducing belowground root biomass and increasing root and soil C decomposition.</p>", "keywords": ["roots", "2. Zero hunger", "harvest timing", "N fertilizer", "soil C sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil fractions", "7. Clean energy", "630", "6. Clean water", "residue removal", "13. Climate action", "soil organic C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12326"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12326", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12326"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=residue+removal&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=residue+removal&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=residue+removal&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=residue+removal&offset=3", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3, "numberReturned": 3, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-23T03:36:48.073953Z"}