{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-27", "title": "Thinning And Chipping Small-Diameter Ponderosa Pine Changes Understory Plant Communities On The Colorado Front Range", "description": "Abstract   Novel fire mitigation treatments that chip harvested biomass on site are increasingly prescribed to reduce the density of small-diameter trees, yet the ecological effects of these treatments are unknown. Our objective was to investigate the impacts of mechanical thinning and whole tree chipping on  Pinus ponderosa  (ponderosa pine) regeneration and understory plant communities to guide applications of these new fuel disposal methods. We sampled in three treatments: (1) unthinned forests (control), (2) thinned forests with harvested biomass removed (thin-only), and (3) thinned forests with harvested biomass chipped and broadcast on site (thin\u00a0+\u00a0chip). Plots were located in a ponderosa pine forest of Colorado and vegetation was sampled three to five growing seasons following treatment. Forest litter depth, augmented with chipped biomass, had a negative relationship with cover of understory plant species.  In situ  chipping often produces a mosaic of chipped patches tens of meters in size, creating a range of woodchip depths including areas lacking woodchip cover within thinned and chipped forest stands. Thin-only and thin\u00a0+\u00a0chip treatments had similar overall abundance and species richness of understory plants at the stand scale, but at smaller spatial scales, areas within thin\u00a0+\u00a0chip treatments that were free of woodchip cover had an increased abundance of understory vegetation compared to all other areas sampled. Relative cover of non-native plant species was significantly higher in the thin-only treatments compared to control and thin\u00a0+\u00a0chip areas. Thin\u00a0+\u00a0chip treated forests also had a significantly different understory plant community composition compared to control or thin-only treatments, including an increased richness of rhizomatous plant species. We suggest that thinning followed by either chipping or removing the harvested biomass could alter understory plant species composition in ponderosa pine forests of Colorado. When considering post-treatment responses, managers should be particularly aware of both the depth and the distribution of chipped biomass that is left in forested landscapes.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Monique E. Rocca, Brett Wolk,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.023,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-03", "title": "Biomass Production Physiology And Soil Carbon Dynamics In Short-Rotation-Grown Populus Deltoides And P. Deltoides \u00d7 P. Nigra Hybrids", "description": "Abstract   Fast-growing woody species grown in dense, short-rotation plantations on land previously in agriculture offer potential economic benefits in products such as engineered construction material, boiler fuel, non-food-based biofuel feed stocks and other carbon (C)-based products and credits. However, information on the effects on major C pools of short-rotation culture is relatively sparse. In this study, Populus deltoides and P. deltoides\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0P. nigra hybrid clones were grown for 5 years at 1\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0m spacing in plantations on a former pasture of high native fertility in the Missouri River floodplain in the lower Midwest U.S.A. Above- and below-ground biomass production, leaf area-based production efficiency, photosynthetic attributes and soil C dynamics were studied.  Populus clones yielded up to 70\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 over 5 years, results that compare favorably to poplar culture in other regions. P. deltoides clones yielded almost twice as much as hybrids (66.3 vs. 36.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) despite more rapid early growth by the latter. Superior yields of P. deltoides clones were associated with greater (32\u2013120%) production efficiency (total biomass yield per unit of time-integrated leaf area) and greater (17\u201342%) photosynthetic capacity, but not with differential allocation patterns of C above and below ground. Soil C losses were observed over 5 years, mostly from the top 12.5\u00a0cm of soil. Soil C loss in this study was associated with conversion from organic matter input-rich pasture culture, and subsequent rotations might not be accompanied by losses of the magnitude observed in the first. Net C sequestration in measured carbon stocks ranged from 11.4 to 33.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in the two plantations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen G. Pallardy, Julie L. Rhoads, Daniel E. Gibbins, Ryan C. Dowell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.023,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.023,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.023,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.023,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-11", "title": "Prescribed Burning And Mechanical Thinning Effects On Belowground Conditions And Soil Respiration In A Mixed-Conifer Forest, California", "description": "Soil respiration (RS) is a major carbon pathway from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere and is sensitive to environmental changes. Although commonly used mechanical thinning and prescribed burning can significantly alter the soil environment, the effect of these practices on RS and on the interactions between RS and belowground characteristics in managed forests is not sufficiently understood. We: (1) examined the effects of burning and thinning treatments on soil conditions, (2) identified any changes in the effects of soil chemical and physical properties on RS under burning and thinning treatments, and (3) indirectly estimated the changes in the autotrophic soil respiration (RA) and heterotrophic soil respiration (RH) contribution to RS under burning and thinning treatments. We conducted our study in the Teakettle Experimental Forest where a full factorial design was implemented with three levels of thinning, none (N), understory thinning (U), and overstory thinning (O; September to October 2000 for thin burn combination and June and July 2001 for thin only treatments) and two levels of burning, none (U) and prescribed burning (B; fall of 2001). RS, soil temperature, soil moisture, litter depth, soil total nitrogen and carbon content, soil pH, root biomass, and root nitrogen (N) concentration were measured between June 15 and July 15, 2002 at each plot. During this period, soil respiration was measured three times at each point and averaged by point. When we assumed the uniform and even contribution of RA and RH to RS in the studied ecosystem without disturbances and a linear relationship of root N content and RA, we calculated the contributions of RA to RS as 22, 45, 53, 48, and 45% in UU, UO, BN, BU, and BO, respectively. The results suggested that after thinning, RS was controlled more by RH while after burning RS was more influenced by RA. The least amount of RS variation was explained by studied factors under the most severe treatment (BO treatment). Overall, root biomass, root N concentration, and root N content were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with soil respiration with correlation coefficients of 0.37, \ufffd 0.28, and 0.29, respectively. This study contributes to our understanding of how common forestry management practices might affect soil carbon sequestration, as soil respiration is a major component of ecosystem respiration.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-23", "title": "Mixed Plantations Can Promote Microbial Integration And Soil Nitrate Increases With Changes In The N Cycling Genes", "description": "Abstract   Mixed-species plantations of  Eucalyptus  and legume trees can symbiotically fix nitrogen and potentially improve the soil quality and biomass productivity compared with a conventional  Eucalyptus  monoculture. In this study, we evaluated changes in the structure and abundance of different microbial groups and nitrogen cycle genes in mixed and pure plantations of  Acacia mangium  and  Eucalyptus urograndis  in an experimental area in southeastern Brazil. Soil samples (0\u201310\u00a0cm) collected in two- and three-year-old stands were submitted to chemical characterization and molecular analyses using DGGE and real time-PCR for bacteria (16S rRNA), fungi (ITS), and genes involved in nitrogen cycling (nirK, amoA, nifH). The mixed plantation did not significantly change general soil fertility or total soil C and N content compared with the  Eucalyptus  monoculture. However, there was a significant increase in available phosphorus and soil nitrate content in both the  A.\u00a0mangium  and mixed-species treatments. The multivariate ordination of the DGGE profiles of bacteria, fungi and archaea groups showed distinct community structures in each treatment. Significant differences in the abundance of copies of the target genes were found for fungi, with higher values in the  Eucalyptus  followed by the mixed and  A.\u00a0mangium  plantations. The analysis of nitrogen cycle genes showed no clear difference in the communities of nitrogen fixing bacteria or nitrifying archaea among treatments. The nitrification activity was dominated by archaea because it was not possible to detect the presence of bacterial nitrifiers; the denitrifier community had a distinct profile in the  Eucalyptus  monoculture. The abundance of archaeal amoA and nirK genes suggests that the  A.\u00a0mangium  treatment had higher nitrification and lower denitrification than the other treatments, which would explain the higher soil nitrate levels found in pure  A.\u00a0mangium  treatments. Our data suggest that mixed plantations of  E.\u00a0urograndis  and  A.\u00a0mangium  result in a distinct microbial community relative to the respective monocultures with positive effects on soil phosphorus and nitrate content, which potentially reduces the need for anthropogenic fertilization.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-17", "title": "Looking Deeper: An Investigation Of Soil Carbon Losses Following Harvesting From A Managed Northeastern Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sarg.) Forest Chronosequence", "description": "Forest harvesting in eastern North America has been occurring for centuries but its effect on soil carbon storage and dynamics below 20 cm is not well known. This paper investigates age-related variations in carbon storage and dynamics in the organic layer and 6 depth strata in the top 50 cm of the mineral soil during ecologically important stages of post-harvest succession in a first rotation red spruce forest chronosequence that includes one of the largest old growth reference stands in northeastern North America. Storage of carbon reached a minimum 32 years post-harvest, at which time stores were approximately 50% of the intact forest. However, storage approached the range of the intact forest approximately 100 years post-harvest. Examination of age-related variations with depth revealed that concentrations of carbon below 20 cm may be driving the temporal trends in whole soil storage in these forests. Corresponding carbon isotope data were consistent with increased isotopic fractionation attributable to increased rates of mineralization post-harvest. Based on these results, we suggest that a greater emphasis should be placed upon examining storage of carbon below 20 cm in the mineral soil when evaluating the sequestration potential of intensive forest management, specifically rotation length.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lisa Kellman, A. C. Diochon, A. C. Diochon, Hugo Beltrami,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-21", "title": "Microbial Properties And Litter And Soil Nutrients After Two Prescribed Fires In Developing Savannas In An Upland Missouri Ozark Forest", "description": "On some landscapes periodic fire may be necessary to develop and maintain oak-dominated savannas. We studied the effects of two annual prescribed burns to determine their effect on microbial activity and soil and litter nutrients 1 year after the last burn. Surface litter and soil from the upper 0\u20135 cm soil layer in three developing savannas (oak-hickory, Quercus-Carya), oak-hickory-pine (Quercus-Carya-Pinus), and pine (Pinus) were collected one year after the second of two annual prescribed burns. Surface litter was analyzed for nutrients and soil was analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and nutrients. Surface litter chemistry differed across the three savannas for potassium (K) and boron (B), being significantly (P < 0.05) higher for unburned forest than for burned forest. Among savannas, only sulfur (S) was higher for the pine savanna and B for the oak-hickory savanna, both were higher for unburned forest than for burned forest. For soil, calcium (Ca) and B differed across savannas, being higher for burned forest than for unburned forest. Among savannas, soil pH, Ca, and B concentrations were higher in soil from burned forest than from unburned forest. Total PLFA differed among savannas, but was not affected by burning treatments. However, the amounts of biomarkers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were higher while the amount of biomarker for fungal PLFA was lower for burned forest than for unburned forest. Our results indicate that the two annual prescribed burns moderately affected PLFA microbial community structure and litter and soil nutrient concentrations. However, the long-term effects of fire on these study sites are not known and merit further study.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Felix Ponder, Mahasin G. Tadros, Edward F. Loewenstein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-02", "title": "Whole Tree Harvesting Can Reduce Second Rotation Forest Productivity", "description": "The practice of harvesting forest residues is rapidly increasing due to rising demand for renewable energy. However, major concerns have been raised about the sustainability of this practice and its net impact on productivity, in particular through negative effects on the growth of subsequent tree crops. We measured height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree spacing density on 23-year-old second rotation stands of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), following whole tree harvesting (WTH\u2014of all above ground biomass, by cable crane) or conventional stem-only harvesting (CH) of the first rotation crop. Overall, WTH reduced tree DBH by 10.3% (p = 0.017), with weaker evidence that it may have reduced height (by 8.2%, p = 0.164) and stand basal area (by 15.3%, p = 0.101). However, treatment effects differed greatly between individual blocks and, analysed separately by block, significant differences (WTH plot trees smaller than CH plot trees) were most notable in the two more exposed south-facing blocks (where, in both cases, p < 0.01 for height and p < 0.05 for basal area). Variation in productivity between the experimental plots cannot simply be attributed to preharvesting site environment \u2013 no correlation was found between first rotation and second rotation productivity \u2013 nor was treatment effect explained by differences in tree spacing density. Treatment effects can be attributed to the removal of three to four times larger quantities of N, P and K in the tree biomass by WTH than by CH of the first rotation crop, combined with greater competition with tree natural regeneration and other vegetation in WTH plots during the early stages of the second rotation. Soil moisture was higher in WTH plots but there was no evidence that WTH increased soil acidity or aluminium mobility nor that it decreased soil organic matter. The results also highlight the complexities of predicting the effect of harvesting treatment on future productivity, even within single-age, single-species forests. The study demonstrates the risk that WTH can reduce second rotation productivity of conifer forests in acidic upland sites, and that this practice will only be sustainable with appropriate interventions to overcome shortage of nutrients and high levels of vegetation competition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-18", "title": "Increased Coniferous Needle Inputs Accelerate Decomposition Of Soil Carbon In An Old-Growth Forest", "description": "Abstract   Changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration that are expected in the coming decades will have profound impacts on terrestrial ecosystem net primary production (NPP). Nearly all models linking forest NPP with soil carbon (C) predict that increased NPP will result in either unchanged or increased soil C storage, and that decreased NPP will result in decreased soil C storage. However, linkages between forest productivity and soil C storage may not be so simple and direct. In an old-growth coniferous forest located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, OR, USA, we experimentally doubled needle litter inputs, and found that actual soil respiration rates exceeded those expected due to the C added by the extra needles. Here, we estimated that this \u2018priming effect\u2019 accounted for 11.5\u201321.6% of annual CO2 efflux from litter-amended plots, or an additional 137\u2013256\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121 loss of stored C to the atmosphere. Soil priming was seasonal, with greatest amounts occurring in June\u2013August coincident with peaks in temperature and dry summer conditions. As a result of priming, mineral soil was more resistant to further mineralization during laboratory incubations. Soil lignin-derived phenols in the Double Litter plots were more oxidized than in the control, suggesting that the soil residue was more degraded. Our hypothesis that excess dissolved organic C produced from the added litter provided the link between the forest floor and mineral soil and a substrate for soil priming was not supported. Instead, the rhizosphere, and associated mycorrhizal fungi, likely responded directly to the added aboveground litter inputs. Our results revealed that enhanced NPP may lead to accelerated processing of some stored soil C, but that the effects of increased NPP on ecosystem C storage will be based on a net balance among all ecosystem C pools and are likely to be ecosystem-dependant. Forest C models need to include these complex linkages between forest productivity and soil C storage.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "Ecosystem Carbon Stocks And Distribution Under Different Land-Uses In North Central Alberta, Canada", "description": "Abstract   Land-use and land cover strongly influence carbon (C) storage and distribution within ecosystems. We studied the effects of land-use on: (i) above- and belowground biomass C, (ii) soil organic C (SOC) in bulk soil, coarse- (250\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm), medium- (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and fine-size fractions ( \u00a0medium\u00a0>\u00a0coarse for all land-uses, except in the native aspen stand where C was uniformly distributed among soil particle-size fractions. The C stock in the coarse-size fraction was most affected by land-use change whilst the fine fractions the least. Enrichment of the natural abundances of 13C and 15N across the land-uses since time of disturbance, i.e., from agriculture to 2- and then 9-year-old hybrid poplar plantations or to grassland, suggests shifts from more labile forms of C to more humified forms of C following those land-use changes.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.034,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-23", "title": "Soil N Cycling In Old-Growth Forests Across An Andosol Toposequence In Ecuador", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) deposition in the tropics is predicted to increase drastically in the next decades. The sparse information on N cycling in tropical forests revealed that the soil N status of an ecosystem is the key to analyze its reactions to projected increase in N input. Our study was aimed at (1) comparing the soil N availability of forest sites across an Ecuadorian Andosol toposequence by quantifying gross rates of soil N cycling in situ, and (2) determining the factors controlling the differences in soil N cycling across sites. The toposequence was represented by five old-growth forest sites with elevations ranging from 300\u00a0m to 1500\u00a0m. Our results provide general insights into the role of elevation-mediated factors (i.e. degree of soil development and temperature) in driving patterns of soil N cycling. Gross rates of N transformations, microbial N turnover time, and \u03b415N signatures in soil and leaf litter decreased with increasing elevation, signifying a decreasing N availability across the toposequence. This was paralleled by a decreasing degree of soil development with increasing elevation, as indicated by declining clay contents, total C, total N, effective cation exchange capacity and increasing base saturation. Soil N-cycling rates and \u03b415N signatures were highly correlated with mean annual temperature but not with mean annual rainfall and soil moisture which did not systematically vary across the toposequence. Microbial immobilization was the largest fate of produced NH4+ across all sites, and nitrification activity was only 5\u201311% of gross NH4+ production. We observed a fast reaction of NO3\u2212 to organic N and its role for N retention deserves further attention. If projected increase in N deposition will occur, the timing and magnitude of gaseous N losses may follow the pattern of N availability across this Andosol toposequence.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15N pool dilution technique; Gross N mineralization; NH4+ consumption; Nitrification; Soil and leaf litter; \u03b415N; Tropical forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-19", "title": "Concentrations And Fluxes Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In A Picea Abies Chronosequence On Former Arable Land In Sweden", "description": "Abstract   Shifting land use from agriculture to forestry induces major changes in the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, including fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON). This study investigated the long-term effects of afforestation on ecosystem DOC and DON dynamics using a chronosequence approach comprising four arable fields and nine differently aged (10\u201392 years) Norway spruce stands growing on similar former arable soils in the same area. Along the chronosequence, concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DON were determined in bulk precipitation, throughfall, O horizon leachate and mineral soil solution during a 2\u20133-year period. Soil water fluxes were calculated using a soil hydrological model (SWAP). Results showed that DOC concentrations and fluxes with throughfall were strongly positively correlated with tree height ( r  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.95;  P  \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and DON flux 8\u20139\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  in stands afforested between 65 and 92 years ago. Concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DON in the mineral subsoil were consistently low. Flux calculations suggest that there was a net loss of >90% (230\u2013280\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) of DOC leached from the O horizon within 0\u201360\u00a0cm of the mineral soil. There was no significant effect of land use or forest age on DOC concentrations in solution from the lower part of the A horizon. The effect of time since afforestation was masked by soil properties that influence DOM retention in the mineral soil. Our data indicate that DOC concentrations in the A horizon of the sites studied were primarily related to the oxalate-extractable Al and Fe amounts in the same horizon. Afforestation of arable land induced a gradual qualitative change in soil organic matter (SOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), with significantly increasing C:N ratios in soil and soil solution over time. The development of an O horizon and the subsequent leaching of DOC and DON to the underlying mineral soil are important drivers of a changing soil C and N turnover following afforestation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maj-Britt Johansson, Lars Rosenqvist, Dan Berggren Kleja,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-24", "title": "The Influence Of Land-Use Change On The Organic Carbon Distribution And Microbial Respiration In A Volcanic Soil Of The Chilean Patagonia", "description": "Abstract   Land-use changes can modify soil carbon contents. Depending on the rate of soil organic matter (SOM) formation and decomposition, soil-vegetation systems can be a source or sink of CO 2 . The objective of this study was to determine the influence of land-use change on SOM distribution, and microbial biomass and respiration in an Andisol of the Chilean Patagonia. Treatments consisted of degraded natural prairie (DNP), thinned and pruned  Pinus ponderosa  plantations (PPP), and unmanaged second-growth  Nothofagus pumilio  forest (NPF). The soil was classified as medial, amorphic, mesic Typic Hapludands. Soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass were determined in the laboratory from soil samples taken at 0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201340\u00a0cm depths obtained from three pits excavated in each treatment. Physical fractionation of SOM was performed in soil of the upper 40\u00a0cm of each treatment to obtain the three following aggregate-size classes: macroaggregates (>212\u00a0\u03bcm), mesoaggregates (212\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm) and microaggregates ( \u00a0NPF (6.16%)\u00a0>\u00a0PPP (4.41%), showing that land-use practices affected significantly ( P  P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-13", "title": "Soil Carbon Release Along A Gradient Of Physical Disturbance In A Harvested Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "Abstract   Changes in soil respiration associated with forest harvest could increase net loss of CO2 to the atmosphere relative to pre-harvest values. By excavating quantitative soil pits across a gradient of physical disturbance in a harvested northern hardwood forest, this study examines C release from mineral soil. Mineral soil samples were analyzed for pH, percent organic matter (%OM), C and N concentration, \u03b413C, and total C per unit area. Results show a relationship between degree of disturbance and C concentration in soil 10\u201330\u00a0cm beneath the O-horizon. Highly disturbed sites show C depletion, with horizons from disturbed sites containing 25% less total C than the least disturbed sites. \u03b413C signatures of soil profiles at these sites show vertical mixing of plant-derived material into deeper mineral horizons. Mixing, as a result of physical disturbance, could have led to the observed C depletion by physical or chemical destabilization, or through the promotion of microbial respiration in deep mineral soil. Regardless of the mechanism, these results suggest elevated CO2 emissions from soil following harvest, and, thus, have implications for the validity of wood biomass as a carbon neutral energy source.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lynne Zummo, Andrew J. Friedland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-08", "title": "Changes In Above- And Belowground Biomass In Early Successional Tropical Secondary Forests After Shifting Cultivation In Sarawak, Malaysia", "description": "Abstract   Uncertainties in the rate of biomass variation with forest ageing in tropical secondary forests, particularly in belowground components, limit the accuracy of carbon pool estimates in tropical regions. We monitored changes in above- and belowground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass allocation to the leaf component to determine the variation in carbon accumulation rate with forest age after shifting cultivation in Sarawak, Malaysia. Nine plots in a 4-year-old forest and fourteen plots in a 10-year-old forest were monitored for 5 and 7 years, respectively. Forest and plant part biomass were calculated from an allometric equation obtained from the same forest stands. Both above- and belowground biomass increased rapidly during the initial decade after abandonment. In contrast, a much slower rate of biomass accumulation was observed after the initial decade. LAI also increased by approximately double from the 4-year-old to 10-year-old forest, and then gently increased to the 17-year-old forest. We also found that allocation variation in leaf biomass and nitrogen was closely related to the rate of biomass accumulation as a forest aged. During the first decade after abandonment, a high biomass and nitrogen allocation to the leaf component may have allowed for a high rate of biomass accumulation. However, reduction in those allocations to leaf component after the initial decade may have helped to suppress the biomass accumulation rate in older secondary forests. Roots accounted for 14.0\u201316.1% of total biomass in the 4\u201317-year-old abandoned secondary forests. We also verified the model predicted values for belowground biomass by  Cairns et al. (1997)  and  Mokany et al. (2006) , although both models overestimated the values throughout our data sets by 45\u201350% in the 10-year-old forest. The low root:shoot ratio in the secondary forests may have caused this overestimation. Therefore, our results suggest that we should modify the models to estimate belowground biomass considering the low root:shoot ratio in tropical secondary forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-05", "title": "Replacement Of Wildfire By Whole-Tree Harvesting In Jack Pine Forests: Effects On Soil Fertility And Tree Nutrition", "description": "Abstract   Large areas of northern coniferous forests once naturally maintained by stand-replacing wildfires have shifted to an anthropogenic disturbance regime of clearcut harvesting followed by natural or artificial regeneration, with unknown consequences for soil biogeochemical processes. We used a comparative approach to investigate the effects of whole-tree harvesting (WTH) vs. stand-replacing wildfire (WF) on soil C and nutrient availability, and nutrition and growth of the succeeding stand, in jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests of northern Lower Michigan. We compared total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), potential N mineralization, and extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) among stands regenerated via WTH or WF in two age classes (4\u20137 years and 12\u201318 years). We also measured jack pine foliar nutrition and height growth in these same stands, as well as estimating the contribution of legacy dead wood to ecosystem nutrient capital in young stands. We found some evidence in support of our hypothesis that WTH would leave behind greater pools of soil C and N, but lower pools of P and base cations. However, the differences we observed were confined entirely to surface organic horizons, with the two disturbance regimes indistinguishable when viewed cumulatively to our maximum sampling depth of 30\u00a0cm. Estimates of nutrient pools in legacy wood inherited by young jack pine stands were also small in comparison to total soil pools (ranging from 1 to 9% depending on the element), suggesting that decomposition and nutrient release from this material is not likely to result in noticeable differences in soil fertility later in stand development. Similar levels of soil nutrients between WTH- and WF-origin stands were reflected in our measures of jack pine foliar nutrition and height growth, which were both unaffected by mode of stand origin. Results from this study suggest that soil nutrient levels following WTH fall within the natural range of variation produced by WF in these jack pine forests; however, comparison with a similar study on boreal jack pine suggests that latitudinal effects on O-horizon nutrient capital may influence the degree to which WTH matches the effects of WF on soil nutrient availability.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-21", "title": "Early Growth And Survival Of 49 Tropical Tree Species Across Sites Differing In Soil Fertility And Rainfall In Panama", "description": "Abstract   Reforestation in the tropics takes place across a wide variety of edaphic and climatic conditions. Reforestation trials have demonstrated that edaphic conditions may have a strong effect on species growth and survival. However it is unclear how the relative importance of soil conditions influences species survival and growth under varying amounts of rainfall and lengths of dry season.  Two-year growth and mortality of 49 tree species were evaluated in four sites across Panama, representing a soil fertility\u2013rainfall matrix. Despite strong contrasts in environmental conditions, 65% of individual species did not show consistent differences in growth between high- and low-fertility sites or between wet and dry sites. However, early growth and survival were more strongly affected by soil fertility than by rainfall patterns for the second-largest group; 30% of the species grew significantly better in both high-fertility sites than in both low-fertility sites, compared to 6% in both wet sites vs. both dry sites. In the two high-fertility sites, growth of 47% and 69% of the species was better than their across-site means. On the other hand, 55% and 73% of the species grew significantly slower than their across-site averages in the two low-fertility sites.  Survival did not appear to be associated to either soil fertility or rainfall. In each site, only a few species had a significantly higher or lower within-site survival than across-site survival.  Diversifying the choice of tree species increases the options for reforestation strategies that match species characteristics to local site conditions and to the objectives and management possibilities of landholders. Testing the performance of potential species under different site conditions in screening trials is paramount, both to inform selection from among the vast diversity of tree species in the tropics that show good growth and survival under different local site conditions and to filter out unsuitable species and avoid early failure of the reforestation effort.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-09", "title": "Short Term Effects Of Alternative Silvicultural Treatments On Stand Attributes In Irregular Balsam Fir-Black Spruce Stands", "description": "Abstract   The eastern Canadian boreal forest exhibits a specific disturbance regime where forest fires are less frequent than in the western part. This particularity may explain the abundance of irregular stands with distinct ecological features. To ensure sustainable forest management, these characteristics require the implementation of an adapted silviculture regime. In this context, two selection cutting methods were developed and compared with more conventional techniques, initially designed for cutting more regular stands of the boreal forest (cutting leaving small merchantable stems, careful logging preserving advance regeneration). The comparison focused on the capacity of treatments to maintain the primary attributes of irregular boreal forests, including complex vertical structure, abundant tree cover, species composition, and an abundance of dead wood. Mortality and regeneration processes were also compared.  The experiment includes three sectors dominated by irregular black spruce (Picea mariana)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) stands. Treatments were replicated in each sector in 0.25\u00a0ha plots. Stand characteristics were sampled pre-harvest and monitored for 3 years after cutting. Initial results indicate an important treatment effect on residual structure. Selection cutting maintains an inverse (irregular) J-shaped structure, typical of natural stands. Also, selection cutting does not seem to produce a significant effect on tree species composition (no undesired balsam fir enrichment) and does not modify the abundance of coarse woody debris. From a sustainable forest management perspective, the selection methods tested appear efficient in maintaining the main attributes and processes of the boreal irregular stands over the short term.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics Under Young Tropical Secondary Forests On Former Pastures-A Case Study From Panama", "description": "Abstract   Secondary forests are gaining increased importance in tropical landscapes and have recently been reported to act as potential belowground carbon sinks. While economic interest in the management of secondary forests to mitigate carbon emissions is rising, the dynamics of soil carbon stocks under these ecosystems remain poorly understood. Recent studies report conflicting results concerning soil carbon trends as well as multiple confounding factors (e.g. soil type, topography and land-use history) affecting these trends. In this study, organic carbon stocks were measured in the mineral soil up to 20\u00a0cm depth of at 24 active pastures, 5\u20138-year-old, and 12\u201315-year-old secondary forest sites on former pastures. Additionally, we estimated carbon stocks under a 100-year-old secondary forest and compared them to those of nearby mature forests. Abiotic conditions in the study area were homogenous, enabling us to isolate the effect of land-use change on soil organic carbon stocks. Contrary to our expectations, soil carbon stocks in the top 10\u00a0cm did not change with young secondary forest development. Pasture soils stored 24.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  carbon (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard error) in the top 10\u00a0cm, and no accumulation of soil carbon was apparent during the first 15 years of secondary succession. Soil carbon stocks under 100-year-old secondary forests, averaging 43.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard error), were clearly higher than those recorded at younger sites and approached levels of soil carbon stocks under mature forests. These data indicate that soil carbon stocks in this region of Panama are not affected by the land-use transition from pasture to young secondary regrowth. However, an increase of soil carbon storage might be possible over a longer period of time. Our results support trends observed in other tropical areas and highlight the importance of environmental conditions such as soil properties rather than land-use transitions on soil carbon dynamics. While our understanding of organic carbon dynamics in tropical soils remains limited, these results underscore the challenges of undertaking short-term reforestation projects with the expectation of increasing soil carbon sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Institut f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-04", "title": "Influence Of Woody And Herbaceous Vegetation Control On Leaf Gas Exchange, Water Status, And Nutrient Relations Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) Seedlings Planted In A Central Ontario Clearcut", "description": "Abstract   The influence of herbaceous and woody vegetation control, either singly or in combination, on leaf gas exchange, water status, and nutrient relations of planted eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus  L.) seedlings was examined in a central Ontario clearcut over four consecutive growing seasons (GSs). Net carbon assimilation ( A  n ), leaf conductance to water vapour ( G  wv ), water use efficiency (WUE), and midday leaf water potential ( \u03c8  m ) were measured periodically during the second to fourth GSs of vegetation control treatments, while leaf nutrient relations were examined in GS five. Leaf  A  n  and  G  wv  were reduced ( p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the presence of herbaceous vegetation in GS two, by both herbaceous and woody vegetation in GS three, and only by woody vegetation (largely trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides  Michx.)) in GS four. Leaf WUE was increased ( p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in all three GSs in which herbaceous vegetation control was applied and where woody vegetation provided partial shading of planted white pine. Leaf water status was comparatively less responsive to vegetation control treatments, but leaf  \u03c8  m  was increased ( p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the presence of woody vegetation in GSs two and four, likely due to shading and reduced atmospheric evaporative demand of the white pine seedling environment. Within a given GS, the effects of vegetation control on  A  n ,  G  wv , and  \u03c8  m  were strongly linked to treatment-induced changes in total vegetative cover, and light and soil moisture availability. Seedling height, diameter, and volume growth rates were positively correlated with  A  n  and WUE in GSs two and three, but less so in GS four. Vector analysis suggested that herbaceous competition induced foliar N, P, and K deficiencies in five-year-old white pine seedlings while competition from aspen resulted in foliar Ca deficiency.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Douglas G. Pitt, Andr\u00e9e E. Morneault, William C. Parker,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-14", "title": "Nitrogen Cycling Following Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance In Lodgepole Pine Forests Of Greater Yellowstone", "description": "Widespread bark beetle outbreaks are currently affecting multiple conifer forest types throughout western North America, yet many ecosystem-level consequences of this disturbance are poorly understood. We quantified the effect of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak on nitrogen (N) cycling through litter, soil, and vegetation in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (WY, USA) across a 0\u201330 year chronosequence of time-since-beetle disturbance. Recent (1\u20134 years) bark beetle disturbance increased total litter depth and N concentration in needle litter relative to undisturbed stands, and soils in recently disturbed stands were cooler with greater rates of net N mineralization and nitrification than undisturbed sites. Thirty years after beetle outbreak, needle litter N concentration remained elevated; however total litter N concentration, total litter mass, and soil N pools and fluxes were not different from undisturbed stands. Canopy N pool size declined 58% in recent outbreaks, and remained 48% lower than undisturbed in 30-year old outbreaks. Foliar N concentrations in unattacked lodgepole pine trees and an understory sedge were positively correlated with net N mineralization in soils across the chronosequence. Bark beetle disturbance altered N cycling through the litter, soil, and vegetation of lodgepole pine forests, but changes in soil N cycling were less severe than those observed following stand replacing fire. Several lines of evidence suggest the potential for N leaching is low following bark beetle disturbance in lodgepole pine.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "Entomology", "Forest Management", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-09", "title": "Does Tree Species Composition Control Soil Organic Carbon Pools In Mediterranean Mountain Forests?", "description": "We compared soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and stability under two widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean region Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) at their ecotone. We hypothesised that soils under Scots pine store more SOC and that tree species composition controls the amount and biochemical composition of organic matter inputs, but does not influence physico-chemical stabilization of SOC. At three locations in Central Spain, we assessed SOC stocks in the forest floor and down to 50cm in the mineral in pure and mixed stands of Pyrenean oak and Scots pine, as well as litterfall inputs over approximately 3 years at two sites. The relative SOC stability in the topsoil (0-10cm) was determined through size-fractionation (53\u03bcm) into mineral-associated and particulate organic matter and through KMnO4-reactive C and soil CN ratio.Scots pine soils stored 95-140Mgha-1 of C (forest floor plus 50cm mineral soil), roughly the double than Pyrenean oak soils (40-80Mgha-1 of C), with stocks closely correlated to litterfall rates. Differences were most pronounced in the forest floor and uppermost 10cm of the mineral soil, but remained evident in the deeper layers. Biochemical indicators of soil organic matter suggested that biochemical recalcitrance of soil organic matter was higher under pine than under oak, contributing as well to a greater SOC storage under pine. Differences in SOC stocks between tree species were mainly due to the particulate organic matter (not associated to mineral particles). Forest conversion from Pyrenean oak to Scots pine may contribute to enhance soil C sequestration, but only in form of mineral-unprotected soil organic matter. \u00a9 2011 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["Quercus pyrenaica", "Soil organic carbon", "Mediterranean mountain", "Ecotone", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pinus sylvestris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic matter size-fractionation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-21", "title": "Growth Effects Of Thinning Damage In A Corsican Pine (Pinus Laricio Poiret) Stand In Central Italy", "description": "Abstract   Damage to residual stand after partial harvesting or thinning may lead to serious economic losses in terms of both timber quality at the final harvest, and tree growth reduction. Logging damages and their effect on tree growth were studied in a long term experiment on Corsican pine in central Italy. Damage frequency, agent (felling, skidding), position (root damage, stem base, between 0.3 and 1\u00a0m a.g.l., >1\u00a0m a.g.l.) and severity (light, severe) and tree growth were measured after selective thinning from below and at 10 years after the treatment. In detail, we aimed at: monitoring mechanical damages to trees at the end of thinning and after 10 years; and assessing stand stability, growing stock, ring width and basal area at 10 years after the thinning. The thinning removed about 20% of volume, 38% of trees and 26% of basal area. The basal area decreased from 56\u00a0m 2 \u00a0ha \u22121  to 42\u00a0m 2 \u00a0ha \u22121  but after 10 years it increased again to 56\u00a0m 2 \u00a0ha \u22121 . Immediately after thinning, 13.6% of the standing trees was damaged, out of these 36.17% showed severe injuries. Damages to standing trees were mainly due to skidding. Ten years after thinning, the percentage of damaged trees was about 17%, out of which 86.67% showed severe wounds. An increase of damaged trees and of trees with severe wounds was observed suggesting that a deeper knowledge on long-term effect of logging damages is needed. This study did not highlight any effect of logging damage on tree growth. In fact, no difference in ring width was recorded between damaged and undamaged trees.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Pinus laricio Poir; thinning; forestry utilization; harvesting wounds; tree growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-10", "title": "Long-Term Management Impacts On Carbon Storage In Lake States Forests", "description": "Abstract   We examined carbon storage following 50+ years of forest management in two long-term silvicultural studies in red pine and northern hardwood ecosystems of North America\u2019s Great Lakes region. The studies contrasted various thinning intensities (red pine) or selection cuttings, shelterwoods, and diameter-limit cuttings (northern hardwoods) to unmanaged controls of similar ages, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate long-term management impacts on carbon pools in two major North American forest types. Management resulted in total ecosystem carbon pools of 130\u2013137\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in thinned red pine and 96\u2013177\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in managed northern hardwoods compared to 195\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in unmanaged red pine and 224\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in unmanaged northern hardwoods. Managed stands had smaller tree and deadwood pools than unmanaged stands in both ecosystems, but management had limited impacts on understory, forest floor, and soil carbon pools. Total carbon storage and storage in individual pools varied little across thinning intensities in red pine. In northern hardwoods, selection cuttings stored more carbon than the diameter-limit treatment, and selection cuttings generally had larger tree carbon pools than the shelterwood or diameter-limit treatments. The proportion of total ecosystem carbon stored in mineral soil tended to increase with increasing treatment intensity in both ecosystems, while the proportion of total ecosystem carbon stored in the tree layer typically decreased with increasing treatment intensity. When carbon storage in harvested wood products was added to total ecosystem carbon, selection cuttings and unmanaged stands stored similar levels of carbon in northern hardwoods, but carbon storage in unmanaged stands was higher than that of thinned stands for red pine even after adding harvested wood product carbon to total ecosystem carbon. Our results indicate long-term management decreased on-site carbon storage in red pine and northern hardwood ecosystems, but thinning intensity had little impact on carbon storage in red pine while increasing management intensity greatly reduced carbon storage in northern hardwoods. These findings suggest thinning to produce different stand structures would have limited impacts on carbon storage in red pine, but selection cuttings likely offer the best carbon management options in northern hardwoods.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-30", "title": "Changes In Soil Chemical And Biological Properties After Thinning And Prescribed Fire For Ecosystem Restoration In A Rocky Mountain Douglas-Fir Forest", "description": "Abstract   Practices such as thinning followed by prescribed burning, often termed \u2018ecosystem restoration practices\u2019, are being used in Rocky Mountain forests to prevent uncontrolled wildfire and restore forests to pre-settlement conditions. Prior to burning, surface fuels may be left or collected into piles, which may affect fire temperatures and attendant effects on the underlying soil. The objective of this study is to determine which pre-fire fuel management treatments best reduce fuel loadings without causing fire temperatures high enough to impair soil chemical and biological properties. Five fuel-management treatments were compared: large piles, small piles, cut and leave, slash-free areas around mature leave-trees, and unburned control. We measured key properties of forest floors and mineral soil (forest floor depth, soil pH, carbon and nutrient levels, and microbial abundances) prior to and during the first year after fire, and explored relationships among fuel loadings, fire temperatures and changes in these soil properties. Fire temperatures were above 300\u00a0\u00b0C for more than 3\u00a0h in the large-pile treatment but were lower and of shorter duration in the small-pile and cut-and-leave treatments. The most severe fire effects occurred around the leave-trees where temperatures were above 200\u00a0\u00b0C for more than 2\u00a0h, the forest floor was completely consumed, and the mature trees were killed. In the forest floors, abundances of all microbial groups were reduced and pH and availabilities of Ca2+, Mg2+ and       PO    4    3  -       were increased in all burned treatments. Forest floor C and N contents were reduced in burned plots by an average of 39% and 44% respectively, and availabilities of nitrate and sulphate were increased in the leave-tree areas only. There were few significant changes in mineral soil properties \u2013 pH and availabilities of       NO    3    -      , Mg2+ and       SO    4    2  -       increased in leave-tree areas whilst       PO    4    3  -       and K+ increased under large piles. Microbial abundances had not recovered to pre-fire levels in any burned treatments after one year, which may be attributed to the persistence of significant increases in pH. Prior to the fire, microbial abundances were most closely related to N concentration in the forest floor, and C and N concentrations in the mineral soil; after fire, microbial abundances were most closely related to pH of the forest floor. Forest floor consumption and attendant changes in chemical and biological properties were most closely related to pre-fire moisture content, indicating that forest-floor moisture content may be as critical as fuel loading in determining impacts of prescribed fire on soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-24", "title": "Phosphorus limitation promotes soil carbon storage in a boreal forest exposed to long\u2010term nitrogen fertilization", "description": "Abstract<p>Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing and storing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Although boreal forests contribute to approximately 45% of the total forest carbon sink, tree growth and soil carbon sequestration are constrained by nutrient availability. Here, we examine if long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term nutrient input enhances tree productivity and whether this leads to carbon storage or whether stimulated microbial decomposition of organic matter limits soil carbon accumulation. Over six decades, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium were supplied to a Pinus sylvestris\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated boreal forest. We found that nitrogen fertilization alone or together with calcium and/or phosphorus increased tree biomass production by 50% and soil carbon sequestration by 65% compared to unfertilized plots. However, the nonlinear relationship observed between tree productivity and soil carbon stock across treatments suggests microbial regulation. When phosphorus was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied with nitrogen, it acidified the soil, increased fungal biomass, altered microbial community composition, and enhanced biopolymer degradation capabilities. While no evidence of competition between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi has been observed, key functional groups with the potential to reduce carbon stocks were identified. In contrast, when nitrogen was added without phosphorus, it increased soil carbon sequestration because microbial activity was likely limited by phosphorus availability. In conclusion, the addition of nitrogen to boreal forests may contribute to global warming mitigation, but this effect is context dependent.</p", "keywords": ["570", "Carbon Sequestration", "microbial community composition", "", "carbon storage", " microbial communities", " boreal forest", " fertilization", "Nitrogen", "microbial community composition", "Forests", "structural equation modeling", "Trees", "Soil", "soil carbon storage", "Taiga", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*1", "Soil Microbiology", "nutrient limitation", "Phosphorus", "Pinus sylvestris", "boreal forest ecosystem", "Carbon", "fertilization", "tree woody biomass", "shranjevanje ogljika", " mikrobne zdru\u017ebe", " borealni gozdovi", " gnojenje", "Calcium", "microbial degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.17516", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.17516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.17516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-08", "title": "What Is The Impact Of Afforestation On The Carbon Stocks Of Irish Mineral Soils?", "description": "Abstract   Ireland has implemented a large afforestation program in recent decades, with much of this taking place since the mid 1980s. This presents Ireland with the opportunity to offset carbon emissions through carbon sequestration in forests, as the latter are known to sequester a large amount of carbon into the tree biomass. However, the effects of afforestation on soil organic carbon in the Irish humid temperate climate are not well understood. In this study we use the paired site methodology to assess the impact of afforestation on the soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of 21\u00a0*\u00a02 sites across Ireland. We found that afforestation of Irish soils (0\u201330\u00a0cm depth) resulted in no significant change in SOCD. However, the low number of sites within the study is a source of uncertainty and more work must be done to assess SOCD change before any firm conclusions can be made. This work provides baseline data and future work estimating soil C changes due to land use or management changes should use the equivalent soil mass (ESM) correction method instead of the volume based method. The latter can over- or underestimate SOCD change due to variability in soil bulk density after afforestation. The large afforestation programmes to be implemented in Ireland in the next decade provides an opportunity to greatly improve estimates of Irish SOCD change. We suggest implementing a large number of resampling studies, measuring the change in SOCD following afforestation for a number of factors for a number of years.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-05", "title": "Cradle-To-Gate Inventory Of Wood Production From Australian Softwood Plantations And Native Hardwood Forests: Embodied Energy, Water Use And Other Inputs", "description": "Abstract   With increasing focus on the environmental impacts of alternative land uses and materials, there is a growing need to produce accurate and verifiable life cycle inventories for forestry. A cradle-to-gate inventory was produced for wood from softwood plantations and hardwood native forests across Australia, covering all operations involved in forest establishment, management and harvesting and including transportation of logs and chips to processing facilities. The inventory was primarily based on data provided by forest growers, managers and contractors across seven case study regions. The SimaPro model was used to combine the different operations, and to account for upstream processes associated with the production of fuel and materials used. Forest products included high- and low-grade sawlogs, pulplogs, woodchips and other logs. Inputs were expressed in terms of m 3  product and were allocated to products on an economic basis. Key inputs for wood from softwood plantations included land (0.06\u00a0ha\u00a0m \u22123 ), water (0.12\u00a0ML\u00a0m \u22123 ), diesel (172\u00a0MJ\u00a0m \u22123 ) and fertiliser (0.3\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22123 , 0.2\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0m \u22123 , 0.06\u00a0kg\u00a0K\u00a0m \u22123 ). Key inputs for wood from native forests included land (0.28\u00a0ha\u00a0m \u22123 ), water (0.38\u00a0ML\u00a0m \u22123 ) and diesel (355\u00a0MJ\u00a0m \u22123 ). The largest contributors to total energy use were log haulage (46% for softwood and 45% for hardwood) and harvesting and chipping (29% for softwood and 44% for hardwood). However, the total amount of energy used in the forestry production process (293\u00a0MJ\u00a0m \u22123  for plantation softwood and 527\u00a0MJ\u00a0m \u22123  for native hardwood) was very small relative to the net energy content of the logs harvested, representing just 4% of that in an average plantation softwood log and 6% of that in an average native hardwood log. Thus, forest products have low embodied energy and have strong potential for greenhouse gas mitigation when used for bioenergy.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-06", "title": "Benchmark Carbon Stocks From Old-Growth Forests In Northern New England, Usa", "description": "Forests world-wide are recognized as important components of the global carbon cycle. Carbon sequestration has become a recognized forest management objective, but the full carbon storage potential of forests is not well understood. The premise of this study is that old-growth forests can be expected to provide a reasonable estimate of the upper limits of carbon storage for similar forest types in comparable site conditions. We sampled old-growth stands in Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire to establish benchmark values for carbon storage in the forests of northern New England. Our specific objectives were: (1) develop estimates of carbon stocks in key live and dead biomass carbon pools of hardwood and softwood forests in northern New England, (2) compare these values to other estimates of carbon stocks in old-growth forests, and (3) compare data collected from mature second-growth forests to the old-growth benchmark values. Twelve sites in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine were sampled to estimate total carbon stocks in aboveground live and dead biomass, down dead wood, forest floor, and soil to 20 cm. Total carbon stocks averaged 216 t/ha for northern hardwoods and 267 t/ha in softwood sites, with 116 and 125 t/ha in the aboveground live tree biomass for hardwoods and softwoods, respectively. Our results showed old-growth softwood averaged about 25% more carbon than old-growth hardwood, primarily due to the higher carbon amounts in the thick forest floors characteristic of old-growth softwood. Old-growth hardwoods supported live biomass carbon stocks similar to those in mature hardwood stands (about 80\u2013120 years old), although forest floor stocks in old-growth were about twice as high (a non-significant difference). Overall carbon stocks in mature second-growth hardwoods were 89% of those in old-growth stands; this difference was not statistically significant. Additional work is needed in mature second-growth softwoods; data were not available for comparison to the benchmarks. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Biomass Production And Carbon Sequestration In A Fertile Silver Birch (Betula Pendula Roth) Forest Chronosequence", "description": "Abstract   During recent decades, studies of the carbon (C) balance of forest ecosystems have became more actual, mainly in connection with the global increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. In the present study the stand chronosequence approach was applied to analyse C sequestration dynamics. Study was made of C accumulation both in biomass and in the soil in 6\u201360-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula) stands growing at fertile (Oxalis) sites.  As the growth of the studied stands was vigorous, their yield was higher than that presented in several yield tables for earlier periods. The C concentration (C%) in different compartments of the trees varied between 47% and 55%. However, the weighted average of C concentration in the silver birch trees was approximately 50% regardless of stand age. The average C concentration of the herbaceous understorey plants was 43.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5%.  The soil Corg pool was independent of stand age, and so far there occurred no C accumulation during stand succession, expressed as Corg values or stage of forest floor formation. This might indicate fast Corg turnover in the soils of the Oxalis site. The total C pool in a mature silver birch stand was 185\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 of which 50% was accumulated in the aboveground part of the trees. In young birch stands the C pool in aboveground biomass and in the soil accounted for 21\u201339% and 53\u201371%, respectively, of the total C pool of a stand. In pre-mature and mature stands the corresponding share accounted for 50\u201359% of the aboveground C of the trees and 29\u201338% of the soil C pool. Due to closed canopies, the role of herbaceous understorey plants as a C sink was modest, constituting 1% or even less of the total C pool of the older stands. The annual C flux 1.6\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 into the soil via litter fall was the largest in the middle-age stand.  Our results show that the main C sink in fertile silver birch stands is located in the wooden parts of trees. The C pool in tree biomass increased with stand age, whereas the soil Corg pool remained stable. For a more profound understanding of C cycling in silver birch forest, soil respiration fluxes should be measured.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-24", "title": "Rapid Accumulation Of Carbon On Severely Eroded Red Soils Through Afforestation In Subtropical China", "description": "Abstract   Recovery of carbon stocks after afforestation in degraded lands provides a management practice to mitigate rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, however carbon accumulation after afforestation of severely eroded lands is poorly understood. Large areas of the red soils in subtropical China suffer from severe erosion and have very low carbon density. We investigated above- and below-ground carbon pools in bare land on a severely eroded red soil (BL), a Pinus massoniana plantation that had been established on bare land in 1981(PM) and a nearby secondary forest (SF) in southeastern China. The ecosystem carbon pool in PM (130.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) was 10 times higher than in BL (13.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121), and 22% lower than that in SF (166.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) (p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.038", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-01", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nutrient Pools In Douglas-Fir Plantations 5years After Manipulating Biomass And Competing Vegetation In The Pacific Northwest", "description": "Abstract   We assessed changes in mineral soil total carbon (C) and nutrient (exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, and total N) pools to 60\u00a0cm depth 5\u00a0years after manipulating biomass and competing vegetation at two contrasting Douglas-fir plantations (Matlock, WA, and Molalla, OR). Biomass treatments included whole-tree (WT) and bole-only (BO) harvest, and competing vegetation control (VC) treatments were applied as either initial or annual herbicide applications. There were main effects of biomass removal and VC on the absolute change in soil pools of some elements at both sites, but significant effects were more prevalent at the lower soil quality Matlock site than the Molalla site, and were generally confined to the top 15\u00a0cm of soil. In all cases, treatment effects were associated with increases in C and nutrients following BO and initial VC treatments combined with little change in soil pools following WT and annual VC treatments. At the Matlock site, total soil pools (0\u201360\u00a0cm) of C, N, and Ca significantly increased in the BO and initial VC treatments, and Mg increased and K decreased regardless of treatment. At the Molalla site, soil C and nutrient pools did not change in response to treatments, but total soil Mg increased in all treatments during the study period. Correlation analyses indicated little influence of soil nutrient pools on early growth at Matlock likely because soil water is more limiting than nutrient availability at that site, but vegetation growth was correlated to nutrient pools at Molalla indicating changes in pools associated with harvesting and treatment could influence crop development in the future. These early results indicate low potential for intensive management practices to reduce mineral soil pools of C and nutrients, but there is uncertainty on the long-term growth response because treatments may have influenced nutrient storage in pools other than mineral soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stephen H. Schoenholtz, Robert A. Slesak, Timothy B. Harrington,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-25", "title": "Spot Mounding And Granulated Wood Ash Increase Inorganic N Availability And Alter Key Components Of The Soil Food Web In Clear-Cut Norway Spruce Forests", "description": "Abstract   The interactive effects of site preparation (spot mounding) and fertilization (granulated wood ash) on soil properties, soil micro- and mesofauna and ground vegetation were studied in two Norway spruce plantations established in clear-cut forests in Central Finland. Half of the seedlings were planted on mounds created by the planting machine, and the rest on intact forest floor. Half of the seedlings on mounded and intact forest floor were fertilized by adding granulated wood ash to circular plots surrounding the seedlings. Initial samples were taken from mounded and intact soil immediately after planting in June. Samples were taken from all treated plots in the autumn in the first and the second year after the treatments. Wood ash increased soil moisture percentage, the abundances of collembolans and mites, the biomass of enchytraeid populations, the pool size of water-extractable NH4-N in soil and the N concentration of spruce needles. Spot mounding had little immediate effects, but increased the proportion and abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes later on. In the second year, spot mounding increased NH4-N in organic soil and N concentration of the spruce needles, and reduced pH irrespective of wood ash addition. In accordance with general disturbance theories, our plots, particularly those disturbed by spot mounding, were characterized by bacterial-based food chains, and increased availability of inorganic N. The ash effects on soil organisms and nitrogen availability were better explained by increased soil moisture than by pH and conductivity, suggesting that the ash granules acted as inorganic mulch. Both wood ash and, in particular, spot mounding have the potential to increase N leaching locally. However, spot mounding may be preferable to other site preparation methods, because this method disturbs a smaller area of soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-15", "title": "Downed Wood Associated With Roundwood Harvest, Whole-Tree Harvest, And Unharvested Stands Of Aspen In Wisconsin", "description": "Abstract   Public demand for alternative energy sources, including bioenergy and biofuels, is resulting in increased demand for woody biomass from forest ecosystems. Forest management practices may change to meet the increased demand for woody biomass through the intensification of timber harvest, which includes shortened rotation times and increased removal of woody material. Our goals were to provide empirical data on residual wood retained on site following operational harvest of aspen stands, including quantification of woody debris of all size classes and the development of quantitative models to express the relationship between coarse and fine woody debris. Aspens stands with roundwood harvest (125.71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020.79\u00a0m 3 /ha) contained more total downed wood than stands with whole-tree harvest (75.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.70\u00a0m 3 /ha), and both harvest types contained more downed wood than unharvested, mature aspen stands (40.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.60\u00a0m 3 /ha). Notably, harvested stands contained on average more fine woody debris (58.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.86\u00a0m 3 /ha) than coarse woody debris (39.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020.48\u00a0m 3 /ha). We found strong support for the model predicting volume of fine woody debris from volume of coarse woody debris, harvest type, and county. This tool will enable managers to estimate volumes of fine woody debris when field measurements of fine woody debris are too labor intensive. Our results indicate that recently harvested stands of aspen contain downed wood that could lend itself to intensification of timber harvest as markets for woody biomass increase. However, these estimates also highlight that substantial amounts of woody material have historically remained on site as wildlife habitat and nutrient inputs into regenerating stands, and thus this woody material may be necessary for long-term forest sustainability.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-01", "title": "A meta-analysis on the response of microbial biomass, dissolved organic matter, respiration, and N mineralization in mineral soil to fire in forest ecosystems", "description": "The effects of fire on labile soil C and N in forest ecosystems are important for understanding C sequestration and N cycling not only because labile soil C and N are often variables that determine soil fertility but also because the role of soils as a source or sink for C is important on an ecosystem and on the regional level. In the current study, the literature on the effects of fire on soil organic C, total N, microbial biomass C and N, dissolved organic C, and total N, respiration, and N mineralization in mineral soil was reviewed, and the results of a meta-analysis on literature data were reported. Overall, fire significantly increased the soil total N, microbial biomass N, dissolved organic C, and total N, but decreased soil organic C, microbial biomass C, respiration and N mineralization. Among the significant effects of different fire types, wildfire had the higher effects on the soil organic C, total N, microbial biomass C and N, dissolved total N and respiration of soil than prescribed fire. In addition, responses of soil organic C, total N and N mineralization to wildfire depended on forest type and natural zone. Positive responses of soil organic C, total N were found in broadleaved forests and Mediterranean zones, and negative responses in coniferous forests and temperate zones. Wildfire significantly decreased N mineralization in coniferous forests. The effects of fire on soil microbial biomass C and N, dissolved organic C and N mineralization generally decreased with time after the fire. In general, the effects of fire on soil organic C, microbial biomass C, and dissolved total N and N mineralization decreased with increasing soil depth. These results suggest that fire increases C and N availability and increases microbial activity, which consequently decreases the potential rates of C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qingkui Wang, Micai Zhong, Silong Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-24", "title": "Changes In The Effects Of Whole-Tree Harvesting On Soil Chemistry During 10years Of Stand Development", "description": "Abstract   Whole tree harvesting depletes soil nutrients and increases soil acidification more than conventional stem harvesting. This study examined whether this effect persists through stand development and to what extent forest growth and associated nutrient accumulation in biomass determined changes in soil chemistry over time. Changes in soil chemistry and nutrient capital in the forest floor and soil were determined over a period of 10\u00a0years (i.e., 15\u201325\u00a0years following harvesting) in two young stands of Scots pine and two young stands of Norway spruce in different parts of Sweden. Conventional harvesting of stems (CH) in these stands was compared with harvesting of stems and branches but with needles left on site (BSH), and whole tree harvesting (WTH). The effects of WTH on calcium and manganese concentrations in the forest floor and uppermost mineral soil (0\u20135\u00a0cm) were found to diminish over time, mainly due to more rapidly declining concentrations of these elements in CH and to some extent in BSH plots than in WTH plots. A similar pattern was found for total calcium and manganese concentrations in the forest floor and soil to 20\u00a0cm depth. The declining calcium and manganese concentrations in the forest floor were accompanied by more rapidly increasing levels of acidity and declining base saturation and effective cation exchange capacity in the forest floor in CH and BSH plots than in WTH plots. However, differences between harvesting treatments in aluminium concentration in the forest floor and calcium concentration in the deepest part of the mineral soil (10\u201320\u00a0cm) persisted over time. Differences in site yield capacity and expected nutrient accumulation in biomass among sites did not explain patterns of change in total amounts of nutrients in the forest floor and soil over time and the observed changes were generally small.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bengt A. Olsson, Per-Olov Brandtberg,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-18", "title": "Restoring Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration Through Afforestation: A Sub-Tropic Restoration Case Study", "description": "Abstract   The long-term Forest Restoration Experimental Project (FREP) was established in 1991 on a sub-tropical, barren, degraded, red soil with a rolling terrain located in Taihe County, Jianxi province, China. The objective of the FREP was to evaluate the effects of restoration, through afforestation of various local climax species, on ecological functions to provide guidance for future restoration projects on severely deteriorated landscapes, which are very common in southern China. In this study, we selected five restoration forests: Chinese sweetgum ( Liquidamber formosana ), schima ( Schima superb ), masson\u2019s pine ( Pinus massoniana ), slash pine ( Pinus elliottii ), Chinese sweetgum\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0slash pine mixtures, and one experimental control (natural recovery) to evaluate the differences in carbon storage and pool structures, including above- and below-ground carbon pools, forest floor litter, woody debris, and soil organic carbon (SOC). A similar assessment was also conducted on the species functional groups (coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, and mixed-species forest \u2013 broad-leaved\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0coniferous species mixture) based on groupings of studied species. We also evaluated the recovery trajectory of FREP\u2019s evergreen broad-leaved forest by comparing it with local ecosystems.  Over the 19-year study period, the Total Ecosystem Carbon (TEC) stocks in the five restoration types were significantly higher than that in the control sites, but there were no significant differences in the TEC stock among the restoration types. The TEC was 119\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  for Chinese sweetgum, 118\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  for schima, 105\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  for masson\u2019s pine, 104\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  for slash pine, and 124\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  for the mixture. However, there was a significant variation in the carbon pool structure among restoration functional groups. The SOC pool sizes of broad-leaved and mixed-species forest were 25% and 16% significantly higher than the coniferous forest, respectively. This difference may be explained by the recovery trajectory, which suggests that the evergreen forest (schima) in FREP is still in the early developmental stage, and its projected rate of growth is much slower than the average growth rate in the region. This study clearly demonstrated that active restoration can enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration. Clearly, a long-term monitoring program is critical for obtaining more information that will enable us to extrapolate our findings for broader restoration plans and to increase the carbon sequestration strength of restored forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-08", "title": "No Rapid Soil Carbon Loss After A Windthrow Event In The High Tatra", "description": "Windthrows are among the most important disturbances of forest ecosystems in Europe, with expected increasing frequency due to climate change. However, surprisingly little is known about soil carbon dynamics after windthrow mainly due to missing field assessments. After a large windthrow event in the High Tatra Mountains in 2004 three soil monitoring plots were established, one at a non-harvested windthrow left for natural succession, one at a harvested windthrow and one at a reference forest site which remained unaffected by the storm event. No loss in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks was detected at the two windthrow sites with three inventories over the 3.5 years after the storm event. However, shifts within the organic layers and the mineral soil toward more decomposed organic matter were found. Increasing C/N ratios at the harvested windthrow site indicate that newly established herbaceous vegetation compensated the decline in tree litter input. At the non-harvested windthrow site a flush of needle litter from broken trees helped to sustain SOC stocks. In contrast, SOC stocks at the reference forest increased by 2.2 Mg ha\u22121 year\u22121 with major SOC stock accumulation in the forest floor. An assessment of the sample size required to detect future SOC changes revealed that at the windthrow sites a similar sample size is required as in the undisturbed reference forest. Small scale heterogeneity was at such a level that paired sampling did not significantly reduce the number of required samples. However, the separation of forest floor layers and mineral soil was a major obstacle for efficient forest soil carbon monitoring. The required number of soil samples could be decreased by 45% with a simultaneous sampling of forest floor and upper mineral soil, leading to more reliable SOC inventories.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-21", "title": "Short-Term Changes In Belowground C, N Stocks In Recently Clear Felled Sitka Spruce Plantations On Podzolic Soils Of North Wales", "description": "Abstract   There is currently only limited understanding of the influence of conifer plantation management on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage in maritime Europe. The study reported herein examined the effect of clear felling on belowground C and N stocks, and CO2 effluxes at paired clear-felled, and standing plantation sites in North Wales. Clear-felled conifer stands were compared in three different time lapses (3, 5 and 8\u00a0years after harvesting). The O horizon (and associated C) was completely absent on the year 3 and year 8 clear-felled stands. There was no significant influence of clear-felling on mineral soil C and N at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth between clear felled and unharvested sites, however, differences were observed in subsoil depths (10\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201350\u00a0cm). Clear-felled sites exhibited an initial gain in surface soil C and N through year 5 (likely due to incorporation of the O horizon into the mineral soil) after which the C stock decreased by year 8. Approximately 50\u00a0Mg C and 3\u00a0Mg\u00a0N ha\u22121 yr\u22121appear to have been lost from mineral soils 7\u00a0years after clear felling. Clear felling significantly (p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-31", "title": "Carbon Storage In A Chronosequence Of Chinese Fir Plantations In Southern China", "description": "Abstract   Tree plantations established on the natural forest lands increasingly expand globally but their significance in sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) is rarely examined. We investigated changes of C stocks in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations converted from a natural broadleaved forest, based on a typical chronosequence in mountainland of subtropical China, which includes six first-generation Chinese fir stands at different development stages: 2- (recently regenerated), 7- (sapling), 16- (middle-aged), 21- (pre-mature), 40- (mature), and 88-year-old (over-mature), with a natural evergreen broadleaved forest (NF) as a comparison. The tree biomass C pool increased linearly from 2 to 40\u00a0years old, with no further significant increase from 40 to 88\u00a0years old. Compared with that in the NF forest, the mineral soil organic C (SOC) pool in Chinese fir plantation was decreased by 38.9% to a minimum at 16\u00a0years old. The soils reaccumulated C only between 16 and 21\u00a0years old, and then became neutral to C till to the over-mature stage, attaining an equilibrium SOC pool 30% lower than the pre-harvest level. The contribution of subsoil (below 20\u00a0cm depth) to total profile SOC loss ranged from 53.2% in the recently regenerated stand to 81.1% in the 16-year-old stand, emphasizing the importance of subsoil for the SOC balance. Both litterfall and fine-root biomass of Chinese fir trees exhibited a decreasing trend during late stand development, while the stand fine-root biomass remained relatively constant due to an increased contribution from understory vegetations. The stagnancy in stand fine-root biomass during late stand development might prevent the accruement of total profile SOC. However, the reduction of tree roots and the increase of understory roots did change the vertical distribution of soil C at the over-mature stage: the surface 0\u201320\u00a0cm soils accumulated C while the 20\u201340\u00a0cm soils lose C. It is concluded that over-mature tree plantations had a limited role in continuously sequestering C as old-growth unmanaged forests did, and that the SOC pools of tree plantations can be hardly recovered to those of natural forests due to a large initial loss and a low late gain in SOC following tree plantation establishment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-08", "title": "A synthesis of change in deep soil organic carbon stores with afforestation of agricultural soils", "description": "Abstract   Afforestation is known as an available mitigation activity to climate change because it causes sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it as the living biomass and the dead organic matter. However, the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) to afforestation in deep soil layers is still poorly understood. We surveyed previously published literature for changes in deep SOC (defined as at least 10\u00a0cm deeper than the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer) after afforestation of croplands and grasslands (total 63 sites from 56 literature), in order to examine changes in deep SOC and quantify the relationship between SOC change rates in topsoil and subsoil. The results of the meta analysis indicated that the responses of SOC to afforestation were opposite for cropland than grassland. The SOC in soil depth layers of 0\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201340, 40\u201360 and 60\u201380\u00a0cm were reduced with afforestation of grassland but not significantly (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05), while conversion of cropland to forests (trees or shrubs) increased SOC significantly for each soil depth layer up to 60\u00a0cm depth (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-27", "title": "Influences On The Spatial Pattern Of Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In Forested And Non-Forested Riparian Zones In The Atlantic Coastal Plain Of The Delaware River Basin", "description": "Abstract   This study investigated the landscape characteristics that influence C and N in unsaturated surface soils of riparian zones along 1st to 3rd order streams in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Delaware River Basin. Unsaturated surface soils (0\u201330\u00a0cm) were sampled in forested and non-forested sites at 29 locations throughout S New Jersey and SE Pennsylvania. Overall, the soil %C and %N in forested and non-forested riparian sites studied in this investigation were comparable to similar riparian zone soils in eastern North America. However, the soil C and N contents of these Atlantic Coastal Plain soils were 3 to 8-fold greater which underscores the value of these riparian soils as C pools. Soil C content (100.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) in forested riparian sites was consistently higher but not statistically different (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) from soil C content (90.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) in non-forested riparian sites. Likewise, neither soil N storage or the C:N ratio were different between the contrasting land covers but forested sites with forest floor organic horizons had significantly greater (82%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004) soil C storage than the non-forested sites. Of the forested sites, 70% did not have organic horizons. All of the forested sites without organic horizons had abundant earthworms and comparisons of sites with and without forest floor suggests that earthworms and the removal of native forest cover may be responsible for a loss of 75\u201393\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 of soil C from these riparian zones. Multivariate regression tree analysis was able to explain \u2a7e50% of the variability in soil C and N and as much as 68% of the variability in the C:N ratio. The analysis indicated that watershed-scale land cover, local soil series, and elevation above the active channel had the greatest influence on C and N storage. Moreover, this analysis indicated that a combination of easily measured, reach-scale characteristics and GIS-based watershed-scale variables can be used to estimate regional riparian soil C pools and identify restoration sites with the potential to store soil C.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jerry V. Mead, Frederick N. Scatena, James E. Bedison,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Short Rotation Forestry On Earthworm Community Development In The Uk", "description": "Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) has been introduced to the UK as a method to increase woody biomass production. However, some SRF species have raised concerns about potential impacts on the environment. A largely unknown aspect of SRF is the quality and quantity of leaf litter, and its impact on soil fauna, of which the earthworm community is a major component. Earthworms have direct impacts on soil biogeochemistry of SRF systems, and the tree species can impact on the associated earthworm community. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of SRF species on earthworm diversity and population growth. Earthworm surveys and a litter mass loss study were conducted at a range of SRF trial sites. Associated laboratory experiments were also carried out to examine the direct effect of SRF litter on earthworm growth and reproduction. Overall survey results suggested that SRF affects earthworm community development depending on tree species, soil type and land-use history. Six years of Eucalyptus nitens development on a former arable loamy soil significantly (p < 0.05) increased earthworm density (152 m\u22122) compared with similarly derived Eucalyptus gunnii (47 m\u22122) and an arable control (51 m\u22122). However, 5 years of similar Eucalyptus development on a reclaimed site supported earthworm community development similar to the adjacent pasture control. A leaf litter mass loss (litterbag) study at an ex-arable site with high earthworm density (298 m\u22122) and species richness (n = 6) suggested that leaf litter removal was 100% for Fraxinus excelsior after 9 months whilst Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Castanea sativa and E. nitens lost more than 85% mass over 12 months. Laboratory feeding experiments with hatchling and mature Lumbricus terrestris, a deep burrowing earthworm species, showed that the litter of non-native E. nitens supported earthworm production rates similar to those of some native SRF species such as B. pendula, and F. excelsior. Alnus glutinosa yielded the highest earthworm production whilst C. sativa had the lowest compared with other selected SRF species. In terms of development and maintenance of earthworm populations, this work suggests use of rapid-growing native tree species such as A. glutinosa, B. pendula, F. excelsior and non-native E. nitens for SRF production.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.054", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-25", "title": "Customary Selective Harvesting Has Considerably Decreased Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In Forest Soils Of The Bavarian Limestone Alps", "description": "Abstract   Forest soils represent an important part of the global C cycle as they store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). With its great importance for nutrient and water supply, soil organic matter (SOM) is a key site characteristic particularly in shallow mountain soils. We conducted soil humus inventories in three research areas in the Bavarian Limestone Alps to investigate long-term effects of historical forest management with selective harvesting on shallow calcareous mountain forest soils. In each research area, SOM stocks under unmanaged forest at remote sites representing the virgin forest status and those of nearby selectively harvested forest stands (repeated single tree extraction, shelterwood harvesting) with identical site factors were compared in a paired-plot approach. At each site, five soil profiles were investigated; additionally O layer thickness was measured as well as important stand characteristics were assessed at 30 points of an orthogonal grid net that had been established in each stand. OC and N stocks in the forest floor and in the mineral soil were calculated by horizon as well as by depth increment and evaluated statistically. On average, forest floor OC and N stocks were reduced by about 80% under managed forest (OC stock 25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a034\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 1.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) compared to nearby unmanaged forest (OC stock 114\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0123\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). OC and N stocks in the mineral topsoil (0\u201330\u00a0cm) were larger under managed (OC stock 65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 4.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) compared to unmanaged stands (OC stock 55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a038\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Total topsoil (forest floor\u00a0+\u00a0mineral topsoil) OC and N stocks under managed forest (OC stock 89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a036\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 5.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) exhibited significant OC losses of 47% and N losses of 33% compared to nearby unmanaged forest (OC stock 169\u00a0\u00b1\u00a096\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121; N stock 8.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Hence we conclude that standard forest management as practiced since ca. 200\u00a0years has considerably reduced SOM stocks on shallow calcareous mountain forest soils in the Bavarian Limestone Alps.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dominik Christophel, J\u00f6rg Prietzel, Bj\u00f6rn Schmidt, Simon Spengler, J\u00f6rg Ewald,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.054"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.054", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.054", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.054"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-26", "title": "Soil And Tree Responses To The Application Of Wood Ash Containing Charcoal In Two Soils With Contrasting Properties", "description": "Mixed wood ash (MWA), a mixture of fly ash and charcoal generated in power plants, could be used to replenish nutrients and organic matter in intensively managed soils. However, the response of the system will be determined by the soil properties, which will modify the interactions between soil components, microorganisms and plants.The study involved two young Pinus radiata plantations growing on soils that differed in texture, soil organic matter (SOM) and aeration. The soils were treated with MWA alone (a single dose of 4.5tonnesha-1 or three annual doses of 4.5 tonnes ha-1) or with MWA supplemented with P fertilizer (4.5Mg MWA plus 45kgPha-1). Analysis of the MWA revealed that the organic compounds in the ash were strongly aromatic. Although MWA is less reactive than fly wood ash, application of MWA enhanced the long-term nutrient availability and positively affected tree nutrition (mainly for P and K) and growth. Significant tree growth responses were recorded 3yr after the first application. Supplementation with mineral P fertilizer was not required with the larger amounts of MWA (\u00d73 doses). Loss of elements by leaching was low, even in the sandy soil. The SOM content of the sandy soil increased in response to both treatments; this was attributed to the addition of charcoal but also to the higher SOM turnover in the litter. Microbial activity was enhanced in both soils, especially in the sandy soil.In conclusion, the soil response to the application of MWA is greatly influenced by the soil properties; the nutrient and SOM dynamics are directly affected by interactions between the ash and soil components and indirectly by soil biological activity and plant growth. \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V. Pi\u00f1eiro, Agust\u00edn Merino, Beatriz Omil,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Accumulation And Nitrogen Retention Traits Of Four Tree Species Grown In Common Gardens", "description": "Abstract   Tree species effects on soil carbon (C) accumulation are uncertain, especially with respect to the mineral soil C, and the consistency of such effects across soil types is not known. The interaction between C accumulation and nitrogen (N) retention among common tree species has also been little explored. Effects of four tree species on soil C and N stocks and soil water nitrate concentration below the root zone were evaluated in a common garden design replicated at eight sites in Denmark. The tree species were beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), larch (Larix leptolepis Kaempf), and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.). After four decades, there were significant differences in forest floor C stocks among all four species, and C stocks increased consistently in the order oak", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-28", "title": "Organic Layer And Clay Content Control Soil Organic Carbon Stocks In Density Fractions Of Differently Managed German Beech Forests", "description": "Forest management and associated litter inputs and decomposition rates are thought to affect the carbon storage in mineral soils. Here, we studied the effects of forest management on soil organic carbon (OC) stocks in density fractions of Ah-horizons in soils that developed on loess. We used 82 beech (Fagus sylv- atica L.) dominated forest plots in Thuringia, Germany that differed in their management (unmanaged forest, forests under age-class management and forests under selection cutting forest). After density frac- tionation of the mineral soil with a 1.6 g cm \ufffd 3 polytungstate solution we determined OC concentrations and stocks as well as CN-ratios in the free (f-LF) light fraction, the occluded (o-LF) light fraction and in the mineral associated organic matter (MOM) fraction. In our study, Ah-horizons of beech forests stored on average 2.6 \u00b1 0.2 kg m \ufffd 2 (38.7 \u00b1 1.3 kg m \ufffd 3 ) OC. The results showed that 37% of the bulk soil OC was stored in the light fractions. We could show that OC stocks in the light fraction were significantly affected by the amount of C stored in organic layers (p = 0.011). The OC stocks in the organic layers, in turn, were higher in unmanaged forests and in forests under selection cutting. This suggests a sensitivity of unpro- tected OC in the f-LF of beech forests against forest management. In contrast to the f-LF, the OC stocks in the MOM fraction are mainly controlled by pedogenic properties such as clay and iron oxide content. Even after several decades of forest management and with large sample size, an effect of forest manage- ment on the stable MOM fraction could not be detected.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-02", "title": "Thinning And Recovery Effects On Soil Properties In Two Sites Of A Mediterranean Forest, In Cuenca Mountain (South-Eastern Of Spain)", "description": "Abstract   Thinning effects on soil microbial activity and biomass in two sites of a Mediterranean forest, in Cuenca Mountain (South-eastern of Spain), were compared 2\u20136\u00a0years following treatments. In order to study changes in these properties, five plots were established; three plots in mature natural site dominated by  Pinus pinaster  and  Quercus ilex  and two plots post-wildfire natural regeneration site dominated by  Quercus ilex . In each site, a silviculture treatment of thinning had been previously carried out, while the other was left as a forest control. Soil samples were taken during the dry season (July 2010) and after the first autumn rains (October 2010). The experiment consisted on a nested factorial design with two factors: the site (two levels: mature natural and regenerated) and thinning treatment nested within site effect (three levels in mature natural site: control, thinned in 2002 and thinned in 2004, and two levels within regenerated site: control and thinned in 2008).Several sensitive variables related to the soil microbial activity such as soil respiration and biomass carbon and some enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, \u03b2-glucosidase and dehydrogenase) were evaluated. Physical and chemical soil variables (organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, conductivity and carbonates) were also measured. These variables of forest soil in autumn were highest that in summer. Also the results showed that thinning have a significant effect on soil microbiological variables and soil enzymatic activities. Thinning operations tended to alter soil variables and highly reduced the organic matter content. A significant correlation was also found between microbiological and biochemical variables and physic chemical variables, organic matter and total nitrogen. Adaptative management forest plans should consider these results in order to achieve sustainable forest management, especially in the context of soil quality and Mediterranean forest subjected to wildfire disturbances.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-17", "title": "Effect Of Warming On Extracted Soil Carbon Pools Of Abies Faxoniana Forest At Two Elevations", "description": "Carbon (C) fluxes are mainly controlled by small labile pools, and the C storage is determined by soil recalcitrant chemical compounds, which are directly associated with litter decomposition. Hence, surveys of soil C fractions, litter decomposition and CO2 efflux can be used to predict the impact of future global warming on subalpine forest ecosystems. Elevation-related differences of Abies faxoniana forest soil can be used as a proxy for future changes of C accumulation in soil. A four-year field experiment was conducted in an A. faxoniana forest using an open top chamber method at two elevations. Two-step sulfuric acid hydrolysis was used to quantify labile and recalcitrant C fractions in soil. Soil warming accelerated labile carbon decomposition and increased recalcitrant C pools, but there were altitudinal differences. Soil warming enhanced soil microbial biomass C (MB-C), accelerated litter decomposition and stimulated the release of carbon dioxide. However, the respiration quotients were not significantly affected by soil warming at either elevation. The proportions of the soil C fractions differed significantly between the two elevations. The responses of the high altitude site to soil warming were larger than those of the low altitude site. Our results suggested that decreases in soil labile C fractions and increases in soil respiration probably resulted from slight increases in MB-C under soil warming, which may enhance C loss, especially at a higher elevation where labile C is more abundant.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.038", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-28", "title": "Converting Native Shrub Forests To Chinese Chestnut Plantations And Subsequent Intensive Management Affected Soil C And N Pools", "description": "Abstract   Changes in land-use can markedly influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, and consequently C sequestration and soil fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of converting native shrub forests (NSF) to Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) plantations (CP) and the subsequent long-term intensive management (including chemical fertilizer application, deep tillage and understory vegetation control) on soil C and N pool sizes and the chemical composition of soil organic C (SOC). We studied SOC and total N (TN) storage, water soluble organic C (WSOC), hot-water soluble organic C (HWSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), readily oxidizable C (ROC),       NH    4    +      \u2013N,       NO    3    -      \u2013N, water soluble organic N (WSON), microbial biomass N (MBN), and chemical composition of SOC determined by the 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique in the soils of NSF and CP with 5, 10, and 20\u00a0years of intensive management. Our results showed that conversion of NSF to CP decreased SOC storage and concentrations of WSOC, HWOC, MBC, ROC, WSON, and MBN (P\u00a0      NH    4    +      \u2013N and       NO    3    -      \u2013N (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-11", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration Over An Age Sequence Of Pinus Patula Plantations In Zimbabwean Eastern Highlands", "description": "Forests play a major role in regulating the rate of increase of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations creating a need to investigate the ability of exotic plantations to sequester atmospheric CO2. This study examined pine plantations located in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe relative to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage along an age series. Samples of stand characteristics, forest floor (L, F and H) and 0\u201310, 10\u201330 and 30\u201360 cm soil depth were randomly taken from replicated stands in Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe of 1, 10, 20, 25, and 30 years plus two natural forests. Sodium polytungstate (density 1.6 g cm\u22123) was used to isolate organic matter into free light fraction (fLF), occluded light fraction (oLF) and mineral associated heavy fraction (MaHF). In both natural and planted forests, above ground tree biomass was the major ecosystem C pool followed by forest floor\u2019s humus (H) layer in addition to the 45%, 31% and 24% of SOC contributed by the 0\u201310, 10\u201330 and 30\u201360 cm soil depths respectively. Stand age caused significant differences in total organic C and N stocks. Carbon and N declined initially soon after establishment but recovered rapidly at 10 years, after which it declined following silvicultural operations (thinning and pruning) and recovered again by 25 years. Soil C and N stocks were highest in moist forest (18.3 kg C m\u22122 and 0.66 kg of N m\u22122) and lowest in the miombo (8.5 kg m\u22122 of C and 0.22 kg of N m\u22122). Average soil C among Pinus stands was 11.4 kg of C m\u22122, being highest at 10 years (13.7 of C kg m\u22122) and lowest at 1 year (9.9 kg of C m\u22122). Some inputs of charcoal through bioturbation over the 25 year period contributed to stabilisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its depth distribution compared to the one year old stands. Nitrogen was highest at 10 years (0.85 kg of N m\u22122) and least at 30 years (0.22 kg of N m\u22122). Carbon and N in density fractions showed the 20 year old stand having similar proportions of fLF and oLF while the rest had significantly higher fLF than oLF. The contribution of fLF C, oLF C and MaHF C to SOC was 8\u201313%, 1\u20137% and 90\u201391% respectively. Carbon and N in all fractions decreased with depth. The mineral associated C was significantly affected by stand age whilst the fLF and oLF were not. Conversion of depleted miombo woodlands to pine plantations yield better C gains in the short and long run whilst moist forest provide both carbon and biodiversity. Our results highlight the importance of considering forestry age based C pools in estimating C sink potential over a rotation and the possibility of considering conservation of existing natural forests as part of future REDD + projects.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Technology", "Economics", "vertical-distribution", "organic-carbon", "Soil Science", "natural resources management", "01 natural sciences", "630", "agroforestry", "forest floor", "storage", "land-use", "climate", "agriculture", "tropical forests", "2. Zero hunger", "tree plantations", "biomass", "forestry", "Production", "sequestration", "Agriculture-Farming", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "matter", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "pinus patula", "ne germany", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rest&offset=2850&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rest&offset=2850&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rest&offset=2800", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rest&offset=2900", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9297, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:10:34.434183Z"}