{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00468-015-1282-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-18", "title": "Fine Root Turnover Of Japanese White Birch (Betula Platyphylla Var. Japonica) Grown Under Elevated Co2 In Northern Japan", "description": "Elevated CO                                       2                                     reduced fine root dynamics (production and turnover) of white birch seedlings, especially grown in volcanic ash soil compared with brown forest soil.                  Increased atmospheric CO2 usually enhances photosynthetic ability and growth of trees. To understand how increased CO2 affects below-ground part of trees under varied soil condition, we investigated the responses of the fine root (diameter <2\u00a0mm) dynamics of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) which was planted in 2010. The three-year-old birch seedlings were grown in four experimental treatments comprising two levels of CO2, i.e., ambient: 380\u2013390 and elevated: 500\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121, in combination with two kinds of soil: brown forest (BF) soil and volcanic ash (VA) soil which has few nutrients. The growth and turnover of fine roots were measured for 3\u00a0years (2011\u20132013) using the Mini-rhizotron. In the first observation year, live fine root length (standing crop) in BF soil was not affected by CO2 treatment, but it was reduced by the elevated CO2 from the second observation year. In VA soil, live fine root length was reduced by elevated CO2 for all 3\u00a0years. Fine root turnover tended to decrease under elevated CO2 compared with ambient in both soil types during the first and second observation years. Turnover of fine root production and mortality was also affected by the two factors, elevated CO2 and different soil types. Median longevity of fine root increased under elevated CO2, especially in VA soil at the beginning, and a shorter fine root lifespan appeared after 2\u00a0years of observation (2011\u20132012). These results suggest that elevated CO2 does not consistently stimulate fine root turnover, particularly during the plant seedlings stage, as it may depend on the costs and benefits of constructing and retaining roots. Therefore, despite the other uncontrollable environment factors, carbon sequestration to the root system may be varied by CO2 treatment period, soil type and plant age.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Fine root longevity", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volcanic ash soil", "Elevated CO2", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Survival analysis", "15. Life on land", "Mini-rhizotron", "650", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Xiaona, Fujita, Saki, Nakaji, Tatsuro, Watanabe, Makoto, Satoh, Fuyuki, Koike, Takayoshi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1282-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trees", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00468-015-1282-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00468-015-1282-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00468-015-1282-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-28", "title": "The Effects Of The Tillage System On Chickpea Root Growth", "description": "A well-developed root system is crucial for plant growth, especially under dryland farming conditions. A two-year field study (2003\u20132004 and 2005\u20132006) was conducted to determine the effects of the tillage system on root growth in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in continuous rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a typical Vertisol in southern Spain as part of the long-term \u201cMalagon\u201d experiment begun in 1986. The tillage treatments were either no tillage (NT) or conventional tillage (CT), and the experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications. Both soil cores and a minirhizotron were used to evaluate the root system. Measurements of the root parameters were performed at different depths and included the following: root length, root biomass, root nitrogen and root length density. Root length measurements were performed during five chickpea growth stages. The CT was more favourable than NT for chickpea root development (0.34 mm cm\u22123 versus 0.18 mm cm\u22123), which is one of the factors that induced higher yields during the drier year. The nitrogen content of the roots represented 15% of the total N extracted by the plant. The measured root lengths were larger when using the soil core method than with the minirhizotron (2.5 mm cm\u22123 versus 1.3 mm cm\u22123), which can be attributed to the cracks that occur in Mediterranean Vertisols that can separate the tube from the soil, resulting in the underestimation of the root length.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Root length", "Conventional tillage", "No tillage", "Root biomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vertisol", "Minirhizotron", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mu\u00f1oz-Romero, Ver\u00f3nica, L\u00f3pez Bellido, Luis, L\u00f3pez-Bellido Garrido, Rafael J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Root Production Is Determined By Radiation Flux In A Temperate Grassland Community", "description": "Abstract<p>Accurate knowledge of the response of root turnover to a changing climate is needed to predict growth and produce carbon cycle models. A soil warming system and shading were used to vary soil temperature and received radiation independently in a temperate grassland dominated by Holcus lanatus L. Minirhizotrons allowed root growth and turnover to be examined non\uffe2\uff80\uff90destructively. In two short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (8 week) experiments, root responses to temperature were seasonally distinct. Root number increased when heating was applied during spring, but root death increased during autumnal heating. An experiment lasting 12 months demonstrated that any positive response to temperature was short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived and that over a full growing season, soil warming led to a reduction in root number and mass due to increased root death during autumn and winter. Root respiration was also insensitive to soil temperature over much of the year. In contrast, root growth was strongly affected by incident radiation. Root biomass, length, birth rate, number and turnover were all reduced by shading. Photosynthesis in H. lanatus exhibited some acclimation to shading, but assimilation rates at growth irradiance were still lower in shaded plants. The negative effects of shading and soil warming on roots were additive. Comparison of root data with environmental measurements demonstrated a number of positive relationships with photosynthetically active radiation, but not with soil temperature. This was true both across the entire data set and within a shade treatment. These results demonstrate that root growth is unlikely to be directly affected by increased soil temperatures as a result of global warming, at least in temperate areas, and that predictions of net primary productivity should not be based on a positive root growth response to temperature.</p>", "keywords": ["Plantago lanceolata Acclimation", "Root respiration", "belowground production", "soil temperature", "warming", "Belowground net primary production", "550", "Received photosynthetically active radiation", "Root turnover", "Plantago lanceolata", "photosynthetically active radiation", "Plantago", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Root demography", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Minirhizotrons", "Keywords: acclimation", "climate change", "Holcus lanatus", "13. Climate action", "Lanceolata", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "root system", "grassland", "shading", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/495/1/fitterah10.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00729.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01321.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-02", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2, Cutting Frequency, And Differential Day/Night Atmospheric Warming On Root Growth And Turnover Of Phalaris Swards", "description": "Abstract<p>We investigated seasonal root production and root turnover of fertilized and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered monocultures of Phalaris for 2 years using minirhizotrons installed in six newly designed temperature gradient tunnels, combined with sequential soil coring. Elevated atmospheric CO2 treatments were combined with two cutting frequencies and three warming scenarios: no warming, +3.0/+3.0 and +2.2/+4.0\uffc2\uffb0C (day/night) atmospheric warming. The elevated CO2 treatment increased both new and net root length production primarily when combined with atmospheric warming, where the constant warming treatment had a greater positive effect than the increased night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time warming treatment. Responses to elevated CO2 were greater when the swards were cut more frequently and responsiveness varied with season. For Phalaris swards, 17% of total net primary productivity went belowground. On account of root turnover, only one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third of the new roots produced in the year following establishment could be expected, on average, to be recovered from soil cores. The interaction between the effects of CO2 and warming, combined with the differential effects of the two warming treatments, has important implications for modelling belowground responses to projected climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "net primary production", "Minirhizotron", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon dioxide enrichment", "fine root", "01 natural sciences", "Root turnover", "Keywords: belowground production", "climate change", "Defoliation", "13. Climate action", "Phalaris Biomass allocation", "Night-time warming", "Pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Fine roots", "biomass allocation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/54642/5/Volder_Gifford_Evans_-_Elevated_atmospheric_CO2_Phalaris.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/54642/7/01_Volder_Effects_of_elevated_2007.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01321.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01321.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01321.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01321.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18387", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-18", "title": "RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation", "description": "<p>We present RootPainter, a GUI-based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis. RootPainter facilitates both fully-automatic and semi-automatic image segmentation. We investigate the effectiveness of RootPainter using three plant image datasets, evaluating its potential for root length extraction from chicory roots in soil, biopore counting and root nodule counting from scanned roots. We also use RootPainter to compare dense annotations to corrective ones which are added during the training based on the weaknesses of the current model.</p>", "keywords": ["Buildings and machinery", "0301 basic medicine", "phenotyping", "root nodule", "biopore", "interactive machine learning", "Research", "segmentation", "deep learning", "rhizotron", "Breeding and genetics", "Machine Learning", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Deep Learning", "GUI", "Farm nutrient management", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "Neural Networks", " Computer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044461v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.18387", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.18387", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.18387"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.0m9n57k", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:44Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species", "description": "unspecifiedLiese_etal_morphological_and_functional_traitsBelowground and aboveground morphological and functional traitsLiese_etal_lifespan_and_proportional_hazardsRoot lifespan and data for the calculation of proportional hazards", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ectomycorrhiza", "plant-soil (below-ground) interactions", "mini-rhizotrons", "deciduous tree species", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Season", "15. Life on land", "root morphology", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liese, Rebecca, Leuschner, Christoph, Meier, Ina Christin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0m9n57k"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.0m9n57k", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.0m9n57k", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.0m9n57k"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rhizotron&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rhizotron&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rhizotron&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=rhizotron&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T12:52:07.635480Z"}