{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "0ced9e8f-81c0-11e3-b99b-8851fb422c62", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:13:56Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "Potential risk of wind erosion on arable soils in Germany 1:1,000,000", "description": "The Potential Wind Erosion Risk map gives an overview of the exposure of arable soils to soil loss due to deflation in Germany. It is based on pedological and climatic factors. The method to predict the soil erosion risk is published in the DIN 19706:2002 and in the documentation of Ad-hoc-AG Boden (representing the soil experts of the geological services of the German federal states). For the application with soil maps, the method was adapted by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR).The land use stratified soil map of Germany at scale 1:1,000,000 was used as pedological input to the model. The mean annual wind speed at 10 meters above ground level of the period 1980-2000 (DWD) is used as well. The land use information is derived from CORINE land cover data set (2006).", "formats": [{"name": "PDF"}], "keywords": ["bodenabtrag", "bodenerosion-durch-wind", "bundesrepublik-deutschland", "de", "erosionsanfa\u0308lligkeit", "erosionsgefa\u0308hrdung", "inspireidentifiziert", "opendata", "sandsturm", "soil"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stegger, Ulrich", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/Boden/pegwind1000/geotiff/pegwind1000_250_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/Boden/pegwind1000/jpg300/pegwind1000_250_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/Boden/pegwind1000/pdf/pegwind1000_250_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/Boden/pegwind1000/png150/pegwind1000_250_v10.zip"}, {"href": "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/Boden/pegwind1000/tiff300/pegwind1000_250_v10.zip"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/29944fe2-7dcc-4322-82ca-960ed066b6d3~~1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0ced9e8f-81c0-11e3-b99b-8851fb422c62", "name": "item", "description": "0ced9e8f-81c0-11e3-b99b-8851fb422c62", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0ced9e8f-81c0-11e3-b99b-8851fb422c62"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-07", "title": "Effects Of Livestock Grazing On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Sandy Soils In Sahelian Rangelands", "description": "The effects of grazing by livestock on soil surface features, bulk density and chemical properties were studied at the completion of a 4-year grazing experiment carried out in SadoreH, Niger. Grazing treatments were a factorial arrangement of two stocking rates (62\u00b75 and 125 kg live weight ha~1) and four sheep:goat ratios (0:6, 2:4, 4:2 and 6:0 animals per pasture), with two pastures per treatment and two ungrazed controls. Observations were also made in a fallow subjected to 9 years of intense and uncontrolled mixed grazing, and in a site that had been protected from grazing for 15 years. The topsoil was sampled (at depths of 0\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u201314 and 14\u201330 cm) below shrub canopy in herbaceous vegetation and in bare soil patches within each of 20 paddocks for determination of pH, organic C, and total N and P concentrations. Soil bulk density was measured in a subset of soil profiles. The areal extent of different types of soil crusts and other soil surface features was assessed in one-half of the paddocks. Grazing resulted in a reduction (p(0\u00b701) and fragmentation of the area of crusted soils. However, this trend was partially compensated for by an increase of newly formed crusts. As a result, the soil infiltration index slightly increased with moderate grazing, but decreased at higher stocking rates. Compaction due to trampling was observed in the topsoil beneath the shrub canopy and also in vegetated patches, but only under intense grazing pressure. Soil bulk density was not affected by grazing except for an increase observed below 10 cm depth at the understorey of shrubs which is therefore unlikely due to trampling. When compared to the ungrazed control, pH, organic C and N concentrations, and to lesser extent P concentration, decreased after 4 years of grazing. Soil P and pH further decreased after 9 years of very high grazing pressure. However, neither N nor organic C decreased further.", "keywords": ["Technology", "570", "Economics", "PH", "630", "PROPRIETE CHIMIQUE", "AZOTE", "sandy soils", "grazing", "2. Zero hunger", "DENSITE", "SURFACE DU SOL", "MATIERE ORGANIQUE", "PATURAGE", "PHOSPHORE", "Production", "ETUDE D'IMPACT", "Agriculture-Farming", "CYCLE D'ELEMENT", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "GRANULOMETRIE", "rangelands", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "livestock", "soil chemical properties", "BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE", "soil physical properties", "ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil types", "CROUTE D'ALTERATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-003-0612-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-27", "title": "Effect Of Eisenia Foetida Earthworms On Mineralization Kinetics, Microbial Biomass, Enzyme Activities, Respiration And Labile C Fractions Of Three Soils Treated With A Composted Organic Residue", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Microbial metabolic quotient", "2. Zero hunger", "Biomass C", "Clay soils", "C mineralization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Sandy soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0612-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-003-0612-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-003-0612-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-003-0612-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen In A Pine-Oak Sand Plain In Central Massachusetts: Role Of Vegetation And Land-Use History", "description": "Over the last 150 years much of the landscape of eastern North America has been transformed from predominantly agricultural lands to forest. Although cultivation strongly affects important ecosystem processes such as biomass accumulation, soil organic matter dynamics, and nitrogen cycling, recovery of these processes after abandonment is insufficiently understood. We examined soil carbon and nitrogen pools and nitrogen dynamics for 16 plots on a central Massachusetts sand plain, over 80% of which had been cultivated and subsequently abandoned at least 40 years ago. The two youngest old-field forests, located on sites abandoned 40-60 years prior to our sampling, had the lowest mineral soil carbon content (0-15\u2009cm), 31% less than the average of unplowed soils. Soil carbon concentration and loss-on-ignition were significantly higher in unplowed soils than in all plowed soils, but these differences were offset by the higher bulk density in formerly plowed soils, leading to no significant differences in C content between plowed and unplowed soil. Soil C:N ratios were lower in formerly plowed soils (26.2) than in unplowed soils (28.0). While soil N content was not affected by land-use history or vegetation type, net N mineralization showed much greater variation. In situ August net nitrogen mineralization varied nearly 40-fold between stand types: lowest in pitch pine and white pine stands (-0.13 and 0.10\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), intermediate in scrub oak stands (0.48\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1) and highest in aspen and mixed oak stands (1.34-3.11\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1). Mineralization was more strongly related to present vegetation than to land-use history or soil N content. Appreciable net nitrification was observed only in the most recently abandoned aspen plot (0.82\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha-1\u200928\u2009day-1), suggesting that recent disturbance and residual agricultural lime stimulated nitrification. Carbon:nitrogen ratios increased and pH declined with stand age. Higher bulk density, lower loss-on-ignition and C:N ratios, and slightly lower C concentrations in the surface mineral soil are the persistent legacies of agriculture on soil properties. Short-term agricultural use and the low initial C and N concentrations in these sandy soils appear to have resulted in less persistent impacts of agriculture on soil C and N content and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil-properties", "Forests", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "variation-", "Soil", "Quercus", "soil-nitrogen", "nitrogen-", "cultivation-", "cycling-", "soil-organic-matter", "vegetation-history", "sandy-soils", "soil-carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "pines-", "Soil-studies", "land-use-history", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "pine-oak-sand-plain", "Chemistry", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Massachusetts", "agricultural-practice", "biomass-production", "trees-", "7727-37-9: Nitrogen", "nitrification-", "United-States", "forests-", "Agricultural ecosystems", "land-use", "Massachusetts- (USA-", "forest-lands", "Nutrient dynamics", "vegetation-type", "USA", "Vegetation", "mineralization-", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "soil-types", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural-land", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Campton, Jana E., Boone, Richard D., Motzkin, Glenn, Foster, David R.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050619", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050619", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050619"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00468-008-0293-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-12", "title": "Nitrogen Availability Patterns In White-Sand Vegetations Of Central Brazilian Amazon", "description": "Addressing spatial variability in nitrogen (N) availability in the Central Brazilian Amazon, we hypothesized that N availability varies among white-sand vegetation types (campina and campinarana) and lowland tropical forests (dense terra-firme forests) in the Central Brazilian Amazon, under the same climate conditions. Accordingly, we measured soil and foliar N concentration and N isotope ratios (\u03b415N) throughout the campina-campinarana transect and compared to published dense terra-firme forest results. There were no differences between white-sand vegetation types in regard to soil N concentration, C:N ratio and \u03b415N across the transect. Both white-sand vegetation types showed very low foliar N concentrations and elevated foliar C:N ratios, and no significant difference between site types was observed. Foliar \u03b415N was depleted, varying from \u22129.6 to 1.6\u2030 in the white-sand vegetations. The legume Aldina heterophylla had the highest average \u03b415N values (\u22121.5\u2030) as well as the highest foliar N concentration (2.1%) while the non-legume species had more depleted \u03b415N values and the average foliar N concentrations varied from 0.9 to 1.5% among them. Despite the high variation in foliar \u03b415N among plants, a significant and gradual 15N-enrichment in foliar isotopic signatures throughout the campina\u2013campinarana transect was observed. Individual plants growing in the campinarana were significantly enriched in 15N compared to those in campina. In the white-sand N-limited ecosystems, the differentiation of N use seems to be a major cause of variations observed in foliar \u03b415N values throughout the campina\u2013campinarana transect.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Concentration", "Vegetation", "Concentration (process)", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen Availability", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystems", "Aldina Heterophylla", "Campinarana", "Soil", "Isotopes", "Sand", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Campina", "White-sand Vegetation", "Nitrogen Stable Isotopes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0293-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trees", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00468-008-0293-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00468-008-0293-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00468-008-0293-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-24", "title": "Air Movement And Its Consequences Around A Multiple Shelterbelt System Under Advective Conditions In Semi-Arid Northern Nigeria", "description": "Horizontal wind speed patterns above a scarce millet row crop on inhomogeneous sandy soil revealed insufficient protection from hot winds by multiple shelterbelts in semi-arid Northern Nigeria. This appeared mainly due to too high distances between the belts. Marked yield drops occurred with distance between the belts, in what McNaughton defined (under mechanical damage and microclimate disturbance from strong winds) as the unprotected wake zone. These may, in the case of hot winds, mainly be attributed to combined negative effects on soil moisture and crop physiology of the combination of turbulence, worsened by the shelterbelts, and advected heat. Other parameters confirm the picture of the wake zone and the quiet zone, the latter also being present windward of the belts in a reduced form. The results have serious consequences for the design rules of multiple shelterbelts and alternatives under African semi-arid conditions.", "keywords": ["windbreaks", "13. Climate action", "millet", "scheme", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "crop", "sand", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Onyewotu, L.O.Z., Stigter, C.J., Oladipo, E.O., Owonubi, J.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Theoretical%20and%20Applied%20Climatology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-27", "title": "Effects Of Acacia Seyal And Biochar On Soil Properties And Sorghum Yield In Agroforestry Systems In South Sudan", "description": "We studied the effects of Acacia seyal Del. intercropping and biochar soil amendment on soil physico-chemical properties and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yields in a two-year field experiment conducted on a silt loam site near Renk in South Sudan. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main factor was tree-cropping system (dense acacia\u00a0+\u00a0sorghum, scattered acacia\u00a0+\u00a0sorghum, and sole sorghum) and biochar (0 and 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) was the subplot factor. The two acacia systems had lower soil pH, N and higher C/N ratios compared to the sole sorghum system. Biochar significantly increased soil C, exchangeable K+ contents, field capacity and available water content, but reduced soil exchangeable Ca2+ and effective CEC, and had no effect on soil pH. Acacia intercropping significantly reduced sorghum grain yields while biochar had no significant effect on sorghum yields. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for sorghum yield was 0.3 for both acacia systems in 2011, with or without biochar, but increased in 2012 to 0.6 for the scattered acacia system when combined with biochar. The reduction in sorghum yields by the A. seyal trees was probably due to a combination of competition for water and nutrients and shading. The lack of a yield response to biochar maybe due to insufficient time or too low a dosage. Further research is needed to test for the effects of tree intercropping and biochar and their interactions on soil properties and crop yields in drylands.", "keywords": ["BOREAL LOAMY SAND", "2. Zero hunger", "AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE", "Land equivalent ratio (LER)", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "NORTH KORDOFAN STATE", "Biochar", "BLUE-NILE REGION", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "CROP YIELDS", "BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION", "Savanna", "Acacia seyal", "TREES", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NERE PARKIA-BIGLOBOSA", "Tree intercropping", "BURKINA-FASO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-016-9914-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-05", "title": "Reduced Nitrate Concentrations In Shallow Ground Water Under A Non-Fertilised Grass Buffer Strip", "description": "In this paper the suitability of a buffer strip to reduce nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater was tested for a sandy arable soil in The Netherlands during two consecutive leaching seasons. The bufferstrip was a 3.5\u00a0m wide unfertilised grass strip adjacent to a ditch on an arable field. In total 24 groundwater wells were installed in 4 transects perpendicular to the ditch to determine Cl, NO3 and \u03b415N concentrations. Piezometers were installed to assess the groundwater flow, which was in the direction of the ditch with small downward leakage across a peat layer at about 3\u00a0m depth. Nitrogen was dominantly present as nitrate (NO3). The NO3-N concentrations under the bufferstrip were significantly lower than under the adjacent arable field. The lower concentrations were due to dilution, uptake by grass and denitrification. Nitrate was actively removed in the bufferstrip, since the Cl/NO3 ratios were higher in the bufferstrip than in the remainder of the field. Furthermore, \u03b415N data indicated that denitrification occurred in the groundwater and increased with decreasing distance to the ditch. NO3-N loads to the ditch were estimated at 8.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121yr\u22121, which is relatively low for this area. We can, however, not determine whether these relatively low NO3-N loads were causally related to the reduced NO3-N concentrations in the bufferstrip. Nevertheless, the results of the present study are promising and justify additional research on the efficiency of bufferstrips to reduce NO3 concentrations in shallow groundwater, and subsequently reduce NO3 loading of surface water, under Dutch conditions.", "keywords": ["coastal-plain", "Soil Science", "netherlands", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "riparian zone", "surface waters", "nitrogen removal", "quality", "sandy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "movement", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-007-9098-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11012-015-0125-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-17", "title": "On torsional surface wave in dry sandy crust laid over an inhomogeneous half space", "description": "zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.", "keywords": ["inhomogeneity", "0203 mechanical engineering", "sandy parameter", "initial stress", "8. Economic growth", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Surface waves in solid mechanics", "torsional surface wave", "WKB approximation", "02 engineering and technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chattaraj, Ranjan, Samal, Sapan Kumar, Debasis, Sourav,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-015-0125-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Meccanica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11012-015-0125-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11012-015-0125-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11012-015-0125-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-28", "title": "Contrasting transport and fate of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bacteria in wettable and water-repellent porous media: Straining or attachment?", "description": "Bacterial transport and retention likely depend on bacterial and soil surface properties, especially hydrophobicity. We used a controlled experimental setup to explore hydrophilic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and hydrophobic Rhodococcus erythropolis (PTCC1767) (R. erythropolis) transport through dry (-\u00a015,000\u00a0cm water potential) and water saturated (0\u00a0cm water potential) wettable and water-repellent sand columns. A pulse of bacteria (1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0108 CFU mL-1) and bromide (10\u00a0mmol\u00a0L-1) moved through the columns under saturated flow (0\u00a0cm) for four pore volumes. A second bacteria and bromide pulse was then poured on the column surfaces and leaching was extended six more pore volumes. In dry wettable sand attachment dominated E. coli retention, whereas R. erythropolis was dominated by straining. Once wetted, the dominant retention mechanisms flipped between these bacteria. Attachment by either bacteria decreased markedly in water-repellent sand, so straining was the main retention mechanism. We explain this from capillary potential energy, which enhanced straining under the formation of water films at very early times (i.e., imbibing) and film thinning at much later times (i.e., draining). The interaction between the hydrophobicity of bacteria and soil on transport, retention and release mechanisms needs greater consideration in predictions.", "keywords": ["Bromides", "2040 Environment and Biodiversity", "570", "Supplementary Information", "Wetting characteristics", "Vadose zone", "610", "Soil", "Colloid and Surface Chemistry", "Sand", "Pore-scale processes", "Escherichia coli", "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry", "European Commission", "101026287", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Drought", "T", "Water", "Surfaces and Interfaces", "T Technology", "Interfacial processes", "3. Good health", "TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering", "Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant", "EU Horizon 2020", "SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation", "TC", "Porosity", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Colloids%20and%20Surfaces%20B%3A%20Biointerfaces", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113433"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-11", "title": "Soil Acidification Without Ph Drop Under Intensive Cropping Systems In Northeast Thailand", "description": "Light textured sandy soils occupy significant areas of Northeast Thailand and are characterized as being acidic to depth with a low inherent fertility. These soils form the basis of agricultural production systems on which significant numbers of people depend upon for livelihoods. The objectives of this study were to investigate soil acidification following the introduction of Stylosanthes in cropping systems of a tropical semi-arid region. Most soils in Northeast Thailand are sandy and acidic (pH 4.0 in CaCl2) with high rate of drainage. Soil acidification was studied over a 6-year period on plots that had been treated either with or without lime additions under different cropping patterns. In the initial first 3 years, a rotation of maize and cowpea was compared to a bare soil treatment where no vegetation was allowed to establish. During the following 3 years, a rotation of maize and Stylosanthes was compared to a continuous Stylosanthes hamata (stylo) treatment. Total soil acidification was calculated from measured pH changes and pH buffer capacity. Acidification due to root system activity was estimated from the above ground biomass production and its ash alkalinity. In the limed systems, soil pH decrease was well correlated with the ash alkalinity of the crop and its removal from the plot. Acidification was highest in the bare soil (6.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to leaching of applied N fertilizers. The cowpea-maize rotations did not increase significantly the rate of acid addition (7.6 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), since the crop residues were returned to the plot. The introduction of stylo in the cropping system resulted in a lower net acidification rate when it was cultivated in rotation with maize (1.3 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), due to the lower rate of leaching. In contrast, continuous cultivation of stylo triggered accelerated acidification (7.2 kmol H+ ha(-1) year(-1)), as a result of the large quantities of biomass with high ash alkalinity being removed from the plot. In the no-lime system, the pH of the soil profile remained stable at pH 4.0 regardless of the cropping system, even though the acidification rates were quite similar to those in the limed treatments. This would suggest that the soil was strongly buffered at pH 4.0. XRD patterns showed that kaolinite, the main clay mineral, was more disordered and less crystalline in the surface horizons than at depth. It is suggested that the dissolution of kaolinite is responsible for the buffering of soil pH at 4.0. From the dissolution equation of kaolinite, it is expected that the amount of aluminium in the topsoil would increase along with the release silica that would accelerate cementation processes between soil particles resulting in further degradation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["550", "SANDY SOILS", "buffering capacity", "01 natural sciences", "630", "soil degradation", "acidification", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "sandy soils", "BUFFERING CAPACITY", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "kaolinite", "SOL SABLEUX", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Stylosanthes", "KAOLINITE", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "ASH ALKALINITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "environment", "ash alkalinity", "STYLOSANTHES", "ACIDIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-25", "title": "Effect of soil deformability on the failure mechanism of shallow plate or screw anchors in sand", "description": "Abstract   Most analytical approaches for the design of shallow plate and screw anchors in tension are based on the limit equilibrium of a rigid soil wedge for which a horizontal stress distribution acting on the failure plane is assumed. Finite element analysis for a wide range of soil properties was carried out to identify the shape of the failure mechanism and to study the stress distribution at failure. Results show that soil deformation modifies the stress field around the anchor and increases the uplift capacity. A semi-analytical approach is proposed to describe this stress distribution, based on peak friction angle.", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1909", "name=Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1700/1706", "Design", "550", "Sand", "Anchors", "Finite element analysis", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Failure mechanism", "02 engineering and technology", "name=Computer Science Applications", "620"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Geotechnics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/GVNJAB", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:26:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-06-24", "title": "Physical topsoil  properties in Murugusi, Western Kenya", "description": "Open Access&lt;b&gt;General:&lt;/b&gt; Lab determined topsoil bulk density, contents of sand, clay and organic carbon in Murugusi, W. Kenya, together with spatial coordinates of where the soil samples were taken (rounded to the closest center point of a 250 m \u00d7 250 m raster). All lab analyses were carried out at the ILRI/CIAT lab in Nairob, Kenya.  &lt;br&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Soil sampling:&lt;/b&gt; At each sample location, one composite topsoil sample was taken; three cores of 7 cm in diameter taken within an area of one square meter. The soil was taken from 0-0.2 m depth below any organic (O) horizon.   &lt;br&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Determination of soil properties:&lt;/b&gt; The bulk density of the soil was determined by taking two undisturbed soil samples (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth) of known volume (100 cm2) and weighting them after air drying. Soil fractions of clay (&lt;0.002 mm) and sand (0.05-2 mm) were determined by the hydrometer method (Estefan et al., 2014), using 10% sodium hexametaphosphate as the dispersing agent. Soil pH was determined potentiometrically on a soil suspension of 1:2 (soil: water). Total carbon was measured after dry combustion using an elemental analyser (Elementar Vario max cube; ISO 10694, first edition 1995-03-01)  &lt;br&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Reference: &lt;/b&gt;Estefan G., Sommer R., Ryan J. (2014) Analytical Methods for Soil-Plant and Water in Dry Areas. A Manual of Relevance to the West Asia and North Africa Region. 3rd Edition, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, 255 pp. Available online at: http://repo.mel.cgiar.org:8080/handle/20.500.11766/7512?show=full. Verified: October 9, 2018.  &lt;br&gt;  &lt;b&gt;Acknowledgements: &lt;/b&gt; We are deeply thankful for the good services provided by John Mukulama (soil sampling), John Yumbya Mutua (soil sampling) and Francis Mungthu Njenga (lab analyses) The project was carried out within the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Agricultural Sciences", "Soil organic carbon", "sand", "Kenya", "Carbon", "Latin America and the Caribbean", "soil", "Soil", "Soil bulk density", "Sand", "soil organic matter", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil texture", "Murugusi", "Africa", "Clay", "Texture", "Western Kenya", "Agroecosystems and Sustainable Landscapes - ASL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Piikki, Kristin, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, Mats, Sommer, Rolf, Da Silva, Mayesse,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GVNJAB"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/GVNJAB", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/GVNJAB", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/GVNJAB"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109442", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-18", "title": "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Green Sand Casting and Low Pressure Die Casting for the production of self-cleaning AlMg3-TiO2 Metal Matrix Composite", "description": "Open AccessThis research has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 826312) in the context of the LightMe project. It has also received funds from Board of Education of Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n and the European Social Fund (EDU/1508/2020). The authors want to acknowledge the support of \u00d6GI (\u00d6sterreichisches Gie\u00dferei-Institut) for the data about processes.", "keywords": ["0209 industrial biotechnology", "Materiales", "Ecology", "Titanium oxide", "Aluminium alloy", "Metal matrix composites Life cycle assessment Low pressure die casting Green sand casting Titanium oxide Aluminium alloy", "Low pressure die casting", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Life cycle assessment", "Green sand casting", "Metal matrix composites", "Materials", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109442"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Indicators", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109442", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109442", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109442"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Long-Term P And K Fertilisation Strategies And Balances Affect Soil Availability Indices, Crop Yield Depression Risk And N Use", "description": "The last century has seen a large increase of fertiliser use, along with a subsequent rise of crop productivity. However, in many places its intensive use has become a burden to the environment, and legislation has been introduced to restrict nutrient applications. In combination with changing production scenarios as a result of climate change, this means an improved understanding is needed of how low nutrient availability and climatic stress factors affect yields and yield stability.We examined the long-term effects mineral and organic fertilisation on a nutrient-depleted field, and observed large annual variations: depending on the year, average spring barley yields under unfertilised management (U) were between 17-75% lower than the reference N1/2P1/2K1/2 (60-10-60 kg ha(-1)). Yields increased up to 174% under N1P1K1 (120-20-120 kg ha(-1)), while animal manure applications at an N availability level corresponding to N-1 were between 79 and 137%. No temporal yield trends could be observed, but long-term changes of Olsen-P and exchangeable K were related to the nutrient balances (inputs-offtake) (r(2) = 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, P < 0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the treatments in combination with annual weather variations. The results could be split into two outcomes, 1) a general relation between yields and temperatures for the periods of early spring (P < 0.01, multiple R-2 = 0.31) and summer (P < 0.001, multiple R-2 =0.45), and 2) an interaction between temperature and nutrient applications during crop establishment, leading to a diverse response of relative yields (P < 0.001 multiple R-2 =0.64), i.e. relative yield losses under the unfertilised treatment (U) were greater in years with lower spring temperatures, and, conversely, the increased nutrient availability in the fully mineral and organically fertilised treatments could partially alleviate the negative effects.After 13 years of repeated fertilisation, inputs were suspended for a single year and only N was applied to evaluate the residual effects. Yields were significantly affected by the different fertilisation histories (P < 0.001). Likewise, apparent nitrogen recovery tended to improve with previous inputs, but the observations were highly variable.Overall, the analyses agree with the notion that brief periods of stress at a critical stage may significantly affect yields, and confirmed that management of sufficient nutrient availability is critical for maintaining high and stable yields. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Manure Application", "Yield stability", "550", "Temperature", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Phosphorus", "Partial nutrient balance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Mediterranean Conditions", "6. Clean water", "Loamy Sand", "Field Experiments", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "Nutrient use efficiency", "Responses", "Nutrient deficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Winter-Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-22", "title": "Feasibility Of Phytoextraction To Remediate Cadmium And Zinc Contaminated Soils", "description": "A Cd and Zn contaminated soil was mixed and equilibrated with an uncontaminated, but otherwise similar soil to establish a gradient in soil contamination levels. Growth of Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges ecotype) significantly decreased the metal concentrations in soil solution. Plant uptake of Cd and Zn exceeded the decrease of the soluble metal concentrations by several orders of magnitude. Hence, desorption of metals must have occurred to maintain the soil solution concentrations. A coupled regression model was developed to describe the transfer of metals from soil to solution and plant shoots. This model was applied to estimate the phytoextraction duration required to decrease the soil Cd concentration from 10 to 0.5 mg kg(-1). A biomass production of 1 and 5 t dm ha(-1) yr(-1) yields a duration of 42 and 11 yr, respectively. Successful phytoextraction operations based on T. caerulescens require an increased biomass production.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Industrial Waste", "phytoremediation", "01 natural sciences", "metal-accumulating plants", "Soil", "hyperaccumulator thlaspi-caerulescens", "heavy-metals", "sandy soil", "Life Science", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "polluted soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "field", "6. Clean water", "cd", "Thlaspi", "Zinc", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "zn", "Feasibility Studies", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "Plant Shoots", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-24", "title": "Effect of particle size on the transport of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles through quartz sand under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are contaminants of emerging concern recently found in soil ecosystems. Their presence in terrestrial environments and their migration to aquatic environments may become a risk for the health of ecosystems and, through them, of humans. Understanding the interaction between particle properties and physicochemical and hydrodynamic factors is crucial to evaluate their fate and their potential infiltration towards groundwater. This study investigates the impact of particle size on MNPs transport through sand under unsaturated conditions. Infiltration column experiments with polystyrene MNPs ranging from 120 to 10,000\u00a0nm were conducted and supported by numerical modelling to derive reactive transport parameters. Results show a significant effect of particle size on the transport of MNPs, with higher recovery values observed for smaller particles (120\u00a0nm; 95.11%) compared to larger particles (1000\u00a0nm; 71.44%). No breakthrough was observed for 10,000\u00a0nm particles, indicating a complete retention within the quartz sand matrix. DLVO theory confirmed the dominance of electrostatic repulsive forces between MNPs and sand grains, suggesting an unfavourable environment for MNPs to adhere to quartz sand. Consequently, particle retention in the sand matrix occurs predominantly by physical processes. Equilibrium sorption modelling reveals that larger particles (1000\u00a0nm) tend to be immobilized in small pores throats due to straining, resulting in lower recoveries. When they are not trapped, particles tend to travel faster through preferential flows due to a size exclusion effect, evidenced by shorter arrival times at the column outlet compared to tracers. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on the transport and retention of MNPs in quartz sand under unsaturated conditions and contribute to a better understanding of their transport dynamics and environmental fate.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Q Science (General)", "Quartz", "particle size", "QS Ecology", "nanoplastics", "modelling", "Sand", "Polystyrenes", "Nanoparticles", "Soil Pollutants", "Particle Size", "Plastics", "Groundwater"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rieckhof, Cynthia, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, Virtudes, Holzbecher, Ekkehard, Meffe, Raffaella,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-18", "title": "Soil Acidification And Carbon Storage In Fertilized Pastures Of Northeast Thailand", "description": "Abstract   Light textured soils are often characterized as acid to depth that results in low productivity levels. In an effort to address this constraint a four year study was undertaken that evaluated the productivity of Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Stylosanthes (Stylosanthes guianensis) (Stylo) to grow on these soils. In addition, Gamba grass treatments received either no nitrogen fertilizer (Gamba) or a total 287\u00a0kg N ha\u2212\u00a01 as either KNO3 (Gamba NO3) or (NH4)2SO4 (Gamba NH4). Average annual dry matter production levels for the Gamba, Gamba NO3 and Gamba NH4 were 11.9, 22.5, and 26.6\u00a0t ha\u2212\u00a01 whilst that of the Stylo treatment was 6.9\u00a0t ha\u2212\u00a01. However, the net annual acid addition rates associated with the export of biomass ranged from 5.1\u201313.3\u00a0kmol H+ ha\u2212\u00a01 yr\u2212\u00a01. Rapid acidification of the soil profile was observed to depths\u00a0>\u00a0110\u00a0cm in all treatments regardless of the tempering influence of nitrate based fertilizers. Soil organic carbon levels over the study period showed a 6 fold increase at >\u00a030\u00a0cm from the initial values, suggesting significant carbon sequestration. Whilst the study demonstrates the positive impact of a grass or legume ley in producing forage for livestock in a cut and carry system under rainfed conditions in Northeast Thailand, along with positive contributions to soil organic carbon sequestration, a precautionary approach should be adopted. Significant accelerated soil acidification has occurred to depths\u00a0>\u00a0110\u00a0cm that brings into question the sustainability of these systems on these soil types.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "soil texture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pastures", "6. Clean water", "acidification", "nitrogen fertilizers", "soil properties", "feeds", "stylosanthes guianensis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils", "andropogon gayanus"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Noble, A.D., Suzuki, S., Soda, Wannipa, Ruaysoongnern, Sawaeng, Berthelsen, S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-21", "title": "Towards ecologically functional riparian zones: A meta-analysis to develop guidelines for protecting ecosystem functions and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes", "description": "Riparian zones contribute with biodiversity and ecosystem functions of fundamental importance for regulating flow and nutrient transport in waterways. However, agricultural land-use and physical changes made to improve crop productivity and yield have resulted in modified hydrology and displaced natural vegetation. The modification to the hydrology and natural vegetation have affected the biodiversity and many ecosystem functions provided by riparian zones. Here we review the literature to provide state-of-the-art recommendations for riparian zones in agricultural landscapes. We analysed all available publications since 1984 that have quantified services provided by riparian zones and use this information to recommend minimum buffer widths. We also analysed publications that gave buffer width recommendations to sustain different groups of organisms. We found that drainage size matters for nutrient and sediment removal, but also that a 3\u202fm wide buffer zone acts as a basic nutrient filter. However, to maintain a high floral diversity, a 24\u202fm buffer zone is required, while a 144\u202fm buffer is needed to preserve bird diversity. Based on the analysis, we developed the concept of 'Ecologically Functional Riparian Zones' (ERZ) and provide a step-by-step framework that managers can use to balance agricultural needs and environmental protection of waterways from negative impacts. By applying ERZ in already existing agricultural areas, we can better meet small targets and move towards the long-term goal of achieving a more functional land management and better environmental status of waterways.", "keywords": ["Riparian zone", "river", "nutrient uptake", "hydrology", "Review", "water quality", "01 natural sciences", "Ecological functional riparian zones", "waterway transport", "freshwater environment", "biodiversity", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "filter", "hydrological regime", "Agriculture", "Biodiversity", "Milj\u00f6vetenskap", "functional role", "6. Clean water", "riparian ecosystem", "agricultural land", "Aves", "Environmental Monitoring", "sandy loam", "crop production", "rural area", "Buffer zone", "water temperature", "Rivers", "ecosystem function", "controlled study", "human", "environmental protection", "Ecosystem", "environmental monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ecosystem", "Agricultural", "Vegetation", "practice guideline", "species composition", "land management", "Water", "land use", "soil property", "soil texture", "landscape", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Environmental Sciences", "meta analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-02", "title": "Long Term Effect Of Irrigation With The Treated Sewage Effluent On Some Soil Properties Of Al-Hassa Governorate, Saudi Arabia", "description": "AbstractA case study was undertaken to assess the long-term effect of sewage irrigation on some soil properties and heavy metals concentrations in the soils of the date palm at Al-Hassa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Eighty-two surface soil samples were collected from the studying area. Half of it was collected from an area irrigated for more than 13years with treated sewage effluent. Meanwhile the rest of soil samples were collected from an area irrigated with well water. Furthermore, samples from sewage effluents and well water used for irrigation were collected and analyzed mainly for their chemical composition and their metal contents. The obtained results pertaining irrigation water analysis indicated that sewage effluents were found to contain higher content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, As, Cd, Fe, Mn and Ni compared to well water. On the other hand data emphasized the role of sewage effluent irrigation on increasing heavy metals as well as organic matter contents in the soil samples when comparing with the respective values found in the soil irrigated with well water. The soil salinity ranged from 3.58 to 20.7dSm\u22121 with an average of 7.9dSm\u22121 due to irrigation with well water. While the respective soil salinity due to irrigation for long period with the treated sewage effluent ranged from 2.5 to 3.69dSm\u22121 with an average of 2.8dSm\u22121. There was an increase in organic matter content ranging from 17% to 30% in sewage-irrigated soil samples as compared to well water-irrigated ones. On an average, the soil pH dropped by 0.3U as a result of sewage irrigation. Long term sewage irrigation resulted in significant build-up of total concentration of Zn (130%), Pb (55%), Fe (82%), Ni (84%), Mn (30%), Cu (40%), Cr (75%), Co (78%) and As (67%) in sewage-irrigated soil samples over adjacent well water-irrigated soil samples.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Water quality", "Heavy metals", "Agriculture (General)", "Well water", "Sewage effluent", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Sandy soil", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S.E. El-Maghraby, A. El-Eter, A.M. Al Omron, Mahmoud Nadeem, H. Al-Mohani,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Saudi%20Society%20of%20Agricultural%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jssas.2011.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-28", "title": "Geology and elevation shape bacterial assembly in Antarctic endolithic communities", "description": "Ice free areas of continental Antarctica are among the coldest and driest environments on Earth, and yet, they support surprisingly diverse and highly adapted microbial communities. Endolithic growth is one of the key adaptations to such extreme environments and often represents the dominant life-form. Despite growing scientific interest, little is known of the mechanisms that influence the assembly of endolithic microbiomes across these harsh environments. Here, we used metagenomics to examine the diversity and assembly of endolithic bacterial communities across Antarctica within different rock types and over a large elevation range. While granite supported richer and more heterogeneous communities than sandstone, elevation had no apparent effect on taxonomic richness, regardless of rock type. Conversely, elevation was clearly associated with turnover in community composition, with the deterministic process of variable selection driving microbial assembly along the elevation gradient. The turnover associated with elevation was modulated by geology, whereby for a given elevation difference, turnover was consistently larger between communities inhabiting different rock types. Overall, selection imposed by elevation and geology appeared stronger than turnover related to other spatially-structured environmental drivers. Our findings indicate that at the cold-arid limit of life on Earth, geology and elevation are key determinants of endolithic bacterial heterogeneity. This also suggests that warming temperatures may threaten the persistence of such extreme-adapted organisms.", "keywords": ["570", "Endolithic microbiome", "Shotgun metagenomics", "550", "Community assembly", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "Altitude", "Granite", "Antarctica", "Sandstone"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openpub.fmach.it/bitstream/10449/83878/1/2024%20STE%20Larsen.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-15", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Metal-Containing Farmyard Manure And Sewage Sludge On Soil Organic Matter In A Fluvisol", "description": "Abstract   Our aim was to establish the long-term effects of repeated applications after 20\u00a0y of organic amendments (farmyard manure at 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 , and urban sewage sludge at two different rates, 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121  and 100\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  every 2\u00a0y) on the quality of a sandy and poorly buffered soil (Fluvisol, pH 6). Chemical characteristics and biodegradability of the labile organic matter, which is mainly derived from microbial biomass and biodegradation products of organic residues, were chosen as indicators for soil quality. The organic C content had reached a maximal value (30.6\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u22121  in the 100\u00a0t sludge-treated soil), i.e. about 2.5 times that in the control. Six years after the last application, the organic C content and the microbial biomass content remained higher in sludge-treated soils than in the control. In contrast, the proportion of labile organic matter was significantly lower in sludge-treated soils than in manure-treated and control soils. The labile organic matter of sludge extracts appeared less humified than that of manure-treated and control soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sandy soils", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "630", "Soil quality", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "11. Sustainability", "Farmyard manure", "Zn", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Labile organic matter", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Sewage sludge", "environment", "Cu", "Pb"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-13", "title": "Assessment of the erosion risk of sandstorms on solar energy technology at two sites in Morocco", "description": "Abstract   This multi-disciplinary research paper should help solar power plant developers to perform an advanced site assessment in arid locations where the annual irradiance levels are high, but significant quantities of airborne sand and dust increase the risk of optical energy losses due to extinction, soiling, erosion damage (also known as abrasion), etc. Due to these effects sandstorms have a direct consequence on the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. The work presented in the following characterizes airborne sand and dust material and later focuses on the resulting erosion effects. Some important meteorological and geological parameters for sandstorm occurrence and the resulting erosive damage on glass materials by impacting windblown material are extracted from literature. The respective parameters have been measured at two locations in Morocco (Zagora and Missour). After evaluation of wind and humidity data and a comprehensive soil analysis, the erosion risk was estimated to be higher in Zagora. The specular reflectance loss of exposed silvered-glass reflectors of 5.9% in Zagora and 0.8% in Missour after 25\u202fmonths of exposure verified this estimation. Additionally, a specular reflectance analysis on a mirror sample that has been exposed for nine months in Kuwait is shown. On that sample specular reflectance losses of more than 40% were measured. A checklist with seven items is given in the conclusion to help solar plant developers to evaluate the risk of component aging due to sand storm erosion.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Site assessment", "Solar reflector aging", "Qualifizierung", "02 engineering and technology", "Mirror abrasion", "7. Clean energy", "Concentrating solar power", "Sand Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesinger, Florian, Sutter, Florian, Wolfertstetter, Fabian, Hanrieder, Natalie, Fernandez-Garcia, Aranzazu, Pitz-Paal, Robert, Schm\u00fccker, Martin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://elib.dlr.de/120298/1/Assessment%20of%20Sandstorms%20final.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Effect Of Tillage And Crop Rotations On Pore Size Distribution And Soil Hydraulic Conductivity In Sandy Clay Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Tillage management can affect crop growth by altering the pore size distribution, pore geometry and hydraulic properties of soil. In the present communication, the effect of different tillage management viz., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero-tillage (ZT) and different crop rotations viz. [(soybean\u2013wheat (S\u2013W), soybean\u2013lentil (S\u2013L) and soybean\u2013pea (S\u2013P)] on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivities [saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K  sat ) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity { k ( h )}] of a sandy clay loam soil was studied after 4 years prior to the experiment. Soil cores were collected after 4 year of the experiment at an interval of 75\u00a0mm up to 300\u00a0mm soil depth for measuring soil bulk density, soil water retention constant ( b ), pore size distribution,  K  sat  and  k ( h ). Nine pressure levels (from 2 to 1500\u00a0kPa) were used to calculate pore size distribution and  k ( h ). It was observed that b values at all the studied soil depths were higher under ZT than those observed under CT irrespective of the crop rotations. The values of soil bulk density observed under ZT were higher in 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth in all the crop rotations. But, among the crop rotations, soils under S\u2013P and S\u2013L rotations showed relatively lower bulk density values than S\u2013W rotation. Average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores  3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.592, 0.610 and 0.626\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. In contrast, the average values of the volume fraction of total porosity with pores >150\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter (pores draining freely with gravity) were 0.124, 0.096 and 0.095\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under CT, MT and ZT; and 0.110, 0.104 and 0.101\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123  under S\u2013W, S\u2013L and S\u2013P, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values in all the studied soil depths were significantly greater under ZT than those under CT (range from 300 to 344\u00a0mm\u00a0day \u22121 ). The observed  k ( h ) values at 0\u201375\u00a0mm soil depth under ZT were significantly higher than those computed under CT at all the suction levels, except at \u221210, \u2212100 and \u2212400\u00a0kPa suction. Among the crop rotations, S\u2013P rotation recorded significantly higher  k ( h ) values than those under S\u2013W and S\u2013L rotations up to \u221240\u00a0kPa suction. The interaction effects of tillage and crop rotations affecting the  k ( h ) values were found significant at all the soil water suctions. Both S\u2013L and S\u2013P rotations resulted in better soil water retention and transmission properties under ZT.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tillage management", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "550", "Soil hydraulic conductivity", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pore size distribution", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "6. Clean water", "Crop rotation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-24", "title": "Carbon Sequestration And Relationship Between Carbon Addition And Storage Under Rainfed Soybean-Wheat Rotation In A Sandy Loam Soil Of The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic matter (SOM) contributes to the productivity and physical properties of soils. Although crop productivity is sustained mainly through the application of organic manure in the Indian Himalayas, no information is available on the effects of long-term manure addition along with mineral fertilizers on C sequestration and the contribution of total C input towards soil organic C (SOC) storage. We analyzed results of a long-term experiment, initiated in 1973 on a sandy loam soil under rainfed conditions to determine the influence of different combinations of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer\u00a0+\u00a0farmyard manure (FYM) at 10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  on SOC content and its changes in the 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil depth. Concentration of SOC increased 40 and 70% in the NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM-treated plots as compared to NPK (43.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and unfertilized control plots (35.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), respectively. Average annual contribution of C input from soybean ( Glycine max  (L.) Merr.) was 29% and that from wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L. Emend. Flori and Paol) was 24% of the harvestable above-ground biomass yield. Annual gross C input and annual rate of total SOC enrichment were 4852 and 900\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively, for the plots under NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. It was estimated that 19% of the gross C input contributed towards the increase in SOC content. C loss from native SOM during 30 years averaged 61\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . The estimated quantity of biomass C required to maintain equilibrium SOM content was 321\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . The total annual C input by the soybean\u2013wheat rotation in the plots under unfertilized control was 890\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . Thus, increase in SOC concentration under long-term (30 years) rainfed soybean\u2013wheat cropping was due to the fact that annual C input by the system was higher than the required amount to maintaining equilibrium SOM content.", "keywords": ["Rainfed cropping", "Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Loamy sand", "Sandy soils", "Soybean based cropping system", "India", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "630", "Wheat", "Farmyard manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sub-temperate Indian Himalayas"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-23", "title": "Spatial variability of soil properties and cereal yield in a cultivated field on sandy soil", "description": "Abstract   Sandy soils are used in agriculture in different regions of the world. In Poland soils derived from sands occupy about 50% of agricultural area. Productivity of the soils depend on the soil properties that vary in the scale of field. This study aimed at determining and mapping the within-field variation of soil physical and chemical properties and grain yield of oats, rye, oats and triticale in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2015, respectively. The experiment was set up in a field (200\u00a0\u00d7\u00a050\u00a0m) on sandy soil in Trzebieszow (region Podlasie, Poland). The soil measurements included sand, silt, clay, and organic carbon (SOC) contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH in the topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) and subsoil (30\u201340\u00a0cm) layers in 2001, and water content and bulk density in the topsoil layer in spring and summer 2002\u20132003. The yields of oats were assessed in 2001 and 2003 and those of rye and triticale in 2002 and 2015, respectively. The soil properties and cereal yields were determined at 33\u201355 points in a grid evenly covering the whole field area. The results were analyzed using classic statistics and geostatistics by constructing semivariograms and 2D mapping by Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). The cereal grain yields were significantly positively correlated with the topsoil water content (SWC) (r\u00a0=\u00a00.295\u20130.711), clay content (r\u00a0=\u00a00.081\u20130.174), and SOC in the subsoil (r\u00a0=\u00a00.208\u20130.271) and CEC in both layers (r\u00a0=\u00a00.123\u20130.298) and negatively correlated with bulk density (BD) (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.065 to \u22120.279). The spatial dependence determined by the \u201cnugget-to-sill\u201d ratio was moderate or weak for the silt and clay content, CEC, and pH (29\u201379%) and strong for SOC, BD, SWC, and crop yield (0.2\u201313.2%). The effective range of the spatial dependence for all studied quantities varied from 9.9 to 120\u00a0m. The cereal yields were positively and significantly correlated between all study years (r\u00a0=\u00a00.141\u20130.734), which indicates inter-annual similarity in their spatial distribution. The 2D maps based on the IDW allowed assessing how gradual or sharp the changes in the studied quantities from one place to another are. Similar spatial patterns of the SWC, SOC and CEC, and crop yields were observed. This is of importance in precise and sustainable field management aimed at increasing and aligning spatial crop productivity of the studied low-productivity sandy soils that will have to be used in crop production due to the current shortage of land resources and food supplies on a global scale.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "2D maps", "soil properties", "sandy soil", "spatial variation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cereal yield", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "semivariograms", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2017.07.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2017.07.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-11", "title": "The Benefits Of Conservation Agriculture On Soil Organic Carbon And Yield In Southern Africa Are Site-Specific", "description": "Abstract   Conservation agriculture (CA), with reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and diversified cropping systems, is advocated in southern Africa to improve soil quality, reduce input costs and mitigate climate-induced risks. However, improvements in terms of yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) under CA are slow and variable and many small-scale farmers are unable to buffer themselves against potential short-term financial losses. In this study we examined the effects of CA-related management practices on SOC sequestration and productivity at two medium-term sites on a sandy soil (eight year trial) and clay soil (six years) in maize producing areas of South Africa. Using field data, current input costs and market prices for crops, we calculated the gross margin for each system. Treatments compared conventional ploughing under maize monoculture with reduced tillage, intercropping and crop rotation. On the clay soil, SOC was increased under reduced tillage (57.6\u202ft C ha\u22121) compared to conventional tillage (54.9\u202ft C ha\u22121) while there was no difference for the sandy soil (19.7\u202ft C ha\u22121 average across treatments). Profitability was most strongly influenced by seasonal rainfall, but was higher on the sandy soil than the clay soil, with an average gross margin of R11,344 ha\u22121 and R5,686 ha\u22121, respectively. This study has demonstrated that while certain CA practices can create site-specific benefits for farmers, it is highly dependent on local weather and soil conditions. For the clay soil an additional payment scheme would be required to reward farmers in southern Africa for C-sequestration to make CA profitable and achieve increased C-mitigation through soil sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture (CA)", "Losses", "Cropping systems", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Crops", "Small-scale farmers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Maize", "Costs", "Intercropping", "Crop rotation", "Soil conservation", "Sand", "Monoculture", "Reduced tillage", "Soil conditions", "Clay", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Profitability", "Agricultural machinery", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2018.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Novel form of collective movement by soil bacteria", "description": "Abstract                <p>Although migrations are essential for soil microorganisms to exploit scarce and heterogeneously distributed resources, bacterial mobility in soil remains poorly studied due to experimental limitations. In this study, time-lapse images collected using live microscopy techniques captured collective and coordinated groups of B. subtilis cells exhibiting \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccrowd movement\uffe2\uff80\uff9d. Groups of B. subtilis cells moved through transparent soil (nafion polymer with particle size resembling sand) toward plant roots and re-arranged dynamically around root tips in the form of elongating and retracting \uffe2\uff80\uff9cflocks\uffe2\uff80\uff9d resembling collective behaviour usually associated with higher organisms (e.g., bird flocks or fish schools). Genetic analysis reveals B. subtilis flocks are likely driven by the diffusion of extracellular signalling molecules (e.g., chemotaxis, quorum sensing) and may be impacted by the physical obstacles and hydrodynamics encountered in the soil like environment. Our findings advance understanding of bacterial migration through soil matrices and expand known behaviours for coordinated bacterial movement.</p", "keywords": ["light sheet microscopy", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "transparent soil", "Evolution", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2404", "Polymers", "Quorum Sensing", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "root colonisation", "Sand", "collective movement", "name=Ecology", "name=Microbiology", "B. subtilis", "co-ordination", "bacterial flocculation", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1105"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-022-01277-w.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20ISME%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41396-022-01277-w"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-18", "title": "The WMO SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Sand and dust storms (SDS) are an important threat to life, health, property, environment and economy in many countries, and play a significant role in different aspects of weather, climate and atmospheric chemistry. There is an increasing need for SDS accurate information and predictions to support early warning systems, and preparedness and mitigation plans. The present contribution introduces the current activities of the Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe of the WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS). The Center has the mission is to enhance the ability of countries in the region to deliver timely and quality SDS forecasts, observations, information and knowledge to users through an international partnership of research and operational communities.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Dust forecasts", "13. Climate action", "Sand and dust storm", "11. Sustainability", "GE1-350", "Desert dust", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/E3S%20Web%20of%20Conferences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/e3sconf/20199904008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr12225", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-19", "title": "Organic Carbon Stocks In Cropping Soils Of Queensland, Australia, As Affected By Tillage Management, Climate, And Soil Characteristics", "description": "<p>  Research both nationally and internationally has indicated that no-till (NT) management used in combination with stubble retention has the potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in cropping soils relative to conventional tillage (CT). However, rates of SOC increase can vary depending on cropping system, climate, and soil type, making the quantification of carbon change difficult on a regional level. Various long-term trials and commercial sites throughout Queensland were used to compare rates of SOC change under CT and NT management in cropping soils, and to determine how climate and soil type interact to influence rates of change. It was observed that NT management was not capable of increasing SOC stocks under the crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation systems practised throughout Queensland, and was unlikely even to hold SOC stocks steady under current management practices. However, SOC losses under NT systems did appear to be slower than under CT, indicating that NT may slow SOC loss following a period of organic carbon input, for example, from a pasture ley. On a regional scale, biomass production (estimated through remote sensing), climate (specifically the vapour pressure deficit), and soil sand content could be used to adequately predict SOC stocks on commercial sites, indicating the importance of considering these factors when assessing SOC stocks following management change across the region. </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Climate", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "2301 Environmental Science (miscellaneous)", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Organic carbon stocks", "Stubble retention", "Vapour pressure deficit", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1111 Soil Science", "Sand content"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr12225"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr12225", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr12225", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr12225"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1101/351197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-26", "title": "Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree", "description": "A                   bstract                                  <p>                                                               <p>Trait-environment relationships have been described at the community level across tree species. However, whether interspecific trait-environment relationships are consistent at the intraspecific level is yet unknown. Moreover, we do not know how consistent is the response between organ vs. whole-tree level.</p>                                                                 <p>                         We examined phenotypic variability for 16 functional leaf (dimensions, nutrient, chlorophyll) and wood traits (density) across two soil types, Ferralitic Soil (FS) vs. White Sands (WS), on two sites for 70 adult trees of                         Cecropia obtusa                         Tr\uffc3\uffa9cul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana.                         Cecropia                         is a widespread pioneer Neotropical genus that generally dominates early successional forest stages. To understand how soil types impact resource-use through the processes of growth and branching, we examined the architectural development with a retrospective analysis of growth trajectories. We expect soil types to affect both, functional traits in relation to resource acquisition strategy as already described at the interspecific level, and growth strategies due to resource limitations with reduced growth on poor soils.                       </p>                                                                 <p>Functional traits were not involved in the soil response, as only two traits-leaf residual water content and K content-showed significant differences across soil types. Soil effects were stronger on growth trajectories, with WS trees having the slowest growth trajectories and less numerous branches across their lifespan.</p>                                                                 <p>                         The analysis of growth trajectories based on architectural analysis improved our ability to characterise the response of trees with soil types. The intraspecific variability is higher for growth trajectories than functional traits for                         C. obtusa                         , revealing the complementarity of the architectural approach with the functional approach to gain insights on the way trees manage their resources over their lifetime. Soil-related responses of                         Cecropia                         functional traits are not the same as those at the interspecific level, suggesting that the effects of the acting ecological processes are different between the two levels. Apart from soil differences, much variation was found across sites, which calls for further investigation of the factors shaping growth trajectories in tropical forests.                       </p>                                                         </p", "keywords": ["feuille", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32649", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "architecture", "Science", "facteur \u00e9daphique", "01 natural sciences", "type de sol", "Cecropia obtusa", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7204", "d\u00e9veloppement biologique", "comp\u00e9tition intrasp\u00e9cifique", "growth trajectory", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8111", "functional traits", "Urticaceae", "intraspecific variability", "anatomie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "580", "Q", "ferralitic/white-sand soils", "15. Life on land", "croissance", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_921", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4243", "ph\u00e9notype", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5776", "Archaeology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5954", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3093", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15617", "CC1-960"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351197v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/351197"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Peer%20Community%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1101/351197", "name": "item", "description": "10.1101/351197", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1101/351197"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1574-6941.12384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-21", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term N, P, K, And Npk Fertilization On The Composition And Potential Functions Of The Bacterial Community In Grassland Soil", "description": "Soil abiotic and biotic interactions govern important ecosystem processes. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions are complex, and the links between specific environmental factors, microbial community structures, and functions are not well understood. Here, we applied DNA shotgun metagenomic techniques to investigate the effect of inorganic fertilizers N, P, K, and NPK on the bacterial community composition and potential functions in grassland soils in a 54-year experiment. Differences in total and available nutrients were found in the treatment soils; interestingly, Al, As, Mg, and Mn contents were variable in N, P, K, and NPK treatments. Bacterial community compositions shifted and Actinobacteria were overrepresented under the four fertilization treatments compared to the control. Redundancy analysis of the soil parameters and the bacterial community profiles showed that Mg, total N, Cd, and Al were linked to community variation. Using correlation analysis, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia were linked similarly to soil parameters, and Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were linked separately to different suites of parameters. Surprisingly, we found no fertilizers effect on microbial functional profiles which supports functional redundancy as a mechanism for stabilization of functions during changes in microbial composition. We suggest that functional profiles are more resistant to environmental changes than community compositions in the grassland ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "sandy loam", "Nitrogen", "verrucomicrobia", "microbial communities", "nitrogen", "diversity", "Phosphates", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "metagenomics", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "national", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "13. Climate action", "genome size", "ammonia-oxidizing bacteria", "Potassium", "Metagenomics", "ecosystems", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12384"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1574-6941.12384", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1574-6941.12384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1574-6941.12384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00707.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-09-12", "title": "Long-Term Changes In Organic Matter Of Woodland Soils Cleared For Arable Cropping In Zimbabwe", "description": "Summary<p>Subsistence farmers in Africa depend largely on the soil organic matter to sustain crop productivity. Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen were measured after woodland clearance for smallholder subsistence farming or for commercial farming. The contents of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil under reference woodlands were largest (53.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 4.88\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in a red clay soil (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff8350% clay + silt), followed by a granitic sand (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff8312% clay + silt; 22.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 1.47\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and least (19.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 0.88\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in a Kalahari sand (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff835% clay + silt). Organic carbon declined rapidly under cultivation to attain new equilibria within 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83years on all smallholdings. Greatest losses occurred in soils that initially contained most carbon and nitrogen in the order: red clay (22.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) &gt; granitic sand (13.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) &gt; Kalahari sand (10.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). On the clay soil, commercial farming with intensive use of mineral fertilizers and incorporation of maize stover led to more gradual decline: at equilibrium, contents of carbon and nitrogen were 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 1.7\uffe2\uff80\uff83t N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 greater than on smallholdings with similar soil and climate.</p><p>In the Kalahari sand the \uffce\uffb413C of organic C remained constant after woodland clearance, and maize contributed less than 10% of the total C even after 55\uffe2\uff80\uff83years. The \uffce\uffb413C signature increased slightly with increasing duration of cultivation by smallholders in the granitic sands and red clay soil where maize contributed 29% and 35% of the C at equilibrium. Under more productive commercial farming, the carbon derived from maize accounted for 50% of the total after 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of cultivation and 67% at equilibrium. The persistence of woodland carbon in the sandy soil is attributed to chemical stabilization resulting from large concentrations of lignin and polyphenols in the tree litter, or as charcoal.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agroecosystems", "c-13 natural-abundance", "carbon dynamics", "spodosols", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "stabilization", "residues", "vegetation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils", "isotope"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shamie Zingore, Ken E. Giller, Ken E. Giller, P. Nyamugafata, C. Manyame,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00707.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00707.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00707.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00707.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/wre.12452", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-06", "title": "Influence of intra\u2010row cruciferous surrogate weed growth on crop yield in organic spring cereals", "description": "Abstract<p>In Northern Europe, inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row hoeing has become a popular tactic for controlling weeds in organic cereals. Hoeing is highly effective and can be implemented from crop emergence until stem elongation to maintain a nearly weed\uffe2\uff80\uff90free inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone. However, hoeing has a lesser effect on weeds growing in the intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone, where crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93weed proximity results in heightened competition. In the hoed cereal system, it is investigated whether tall\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing, competitive, cruciferous weeds in the intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row zone affect crop biomass, yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW). An additive experimental design is employed to enable the fitting of rectangular hyperbolas, describing and quantifying the effects of increasing intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row surrogate weed density on crop growth parameters. Regressions were studied under the influence of crop (spring barley and spring wheat), row spacing (narrow [12.5 or 15.0\uffc2\uffa0cm] and wide [25.0\uffc2\uffa0cm]) and nitrogen rate (50 and 100\uffc2\uffa0kg NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90N/ha). Cruciferous surrogate weeds were found to impact crop yield and quality severely. For example, ten intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row plants/m2 of surrogate weed Sinapis alba reduced grains yields by 7%\uffe2\uff80\uff9314% in spring barley and by 7%\uffe2\uff80\uff9332% in spring wheat with yield losses becoming markedly greater in wheat compared to barley as weed density increases. Compared to wheat, barley limited yield and quality losses and suppressed intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weed growth more. Row spacing did not have a consistent effect on crop or weed parameters; in one of six experiments, the 25\uffc2\uffa0cm row spacing reduced yields and increased intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weed biomass in wheat. Nitrogen rate did not affect crop or weed parameters. Results warrant the implementation of additional tactics to control intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90row weeds and limit crop losses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hordeum vulgare L.", "thousand kernel weight", "nitrogen rate", "Hordeum vulgare L.", " Triticum aestivum L.", " inter-row hoeing", " nitrogen rate", " inter-row spacing", " thousand kernel weight", " crop-weed competition.", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "crop", "Weed management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "weed competition", "inter-row hoeing", "inter-row spacing", "Triticum aestivum L."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12452"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Weed%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/wre.12452", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/wre.12452", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/wre.12452"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x78-044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-26", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Distribution In Aspen, Pine, And Spruce Stands On The Same Soil Type In Minnesota", "description": "<p> Vegetation and soils were sampled in adjacent 40-year-old stands of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench.) Voss), and aspen (Populustremuloides Michx., P. grandidentata Michx.) on a very fine sandy loam soil in north-central Minnesota. Total tree biomass was greatest for red pine followed by aspen, spruce, and jack pine. Nutrient weights (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in the trees were greatest in aspen followed generally by spruce, red pine, and jack pine. Particularly large proportions of biomass and nutrients were found in aspen bark and spruce foliage and branches. Understory biomass contributed less than 1.2% of the total organic matter in the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil complex but contributed up to 5.0% of the nutrients. Exchangeable Ca in the surface soil was much lower under aspen and spruce than under the pines. No significant soil differences between species were detected below 36\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm. Harvesting the entire aboveground portion of the tree would remove up to three times more nutrients from the site than would harvesting only the bole. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Yield", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Nitrogen", "Sandy Loam", "plant nutrition", "Coniferopsida: Gymnospermae", "Gymnosperms", "magnesium", "Pinus Banksiana", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Dicots", "forest soils", "temperate zones", "Picea Glauca", "Populus Tremuloides", "nutrients", "Spermatophytes", "Magnesium", "phosphorus", "Plantae", "Pinus Resinosa", "Forest Sciences", "soil types ecological", "calcium", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "potassium", "Populus Grandidentata", "Phosphorus", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "nutrition", "Angiospermae", "Tracheophyta: Plantae", "Potassium", "Calcium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, Donald A., Schlaegel, Bryce E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/aspen_bib/article/5834/viewcontent/Alban412.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x78-044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x78-044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x78-044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.568224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-27", "title": "Exopolysaccharide Features Influence Growth Success in Biocrust-forming Cyanobacteria, Moving From Liquid Culture to Sand Microcosms", "description": "Land degradation in drylands is a drawback of the combined action of climate change and human activities. New techniques have been developed to induce artificial biocrusts formation as a tool for restoration of degraded drylands, and among them soils inoculation with cyanobacteria adapted to environmental stress. Improvement of soil properties by cyanobacteria inoculation is largely related to their ability to synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS). However, cyanobacterial EPS features [amount, molecular weight (MW), composition] can change from one species to another or when grown in different conditions. We investigated the differences in growth and polysaccharidic matrix features among three common biocrust-forming cyanobacteria (Nostoc commune, Scytonema javanicum, and Phormidium ambiguum), when grown in liquid media and on sandy soil microcosms under optimal nutrient and water, in controlled laboratory conditions. We extracted and analyzed the released EPS (RPS) and sheath for the liquid cultures, and the more soluble or loosely-bound (LB) and the more condensed or tightly-bound (TB) soil EPS fractions for the sandy soil microcosms. In liquid culture, P. ambiguum showed the greatest growth and EPS release. In contrast, on the sandy soil, S. javanicum showed the highest growth and highest LB-EPS content. N. commune showed no relevant growth after its inoculation of the sandy soil. A difference was observed in terms of MW distribution, showing that the higher MW of the polymers produced by P. ambiguum and S. javanicum compared to the polymers produced by N. commune, could have had a positive effect on growth for the first two organisms when inoculated on the sandy soil. We also observed how both RPS and sheath fractions reflected in the composition of the soil TB-EPS fraction, indicating the role in soil stabilization of both the released and the cell attached EPS. Our results indicate that the features of the polysaccharidic matrix produced by different cyanobacteria can influence their growth success in soil. These results are of great relevance when selecting suitable candidates for large-scale cyanobacteria applications in soil restoration.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "EPS monosaccharidic composition", "15. Life on land", "sand inoculation", "semiarid soil", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "EPS molecular weight distribution", "13. Climate action", "cyanobacteria liquid culture", "cyanobacteria liquid culture", " sand inoculation", " sandy soil microcosms", " EPS monosaccharidic composition", " EPS molecular weight distribution", " semiarid soil", "sandy soil microcosms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1215077/2/fmicb-11-568224.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.568224"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.568224", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2020.568224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2020.568224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-26", "title": "Soil disturbance by cut-to-length machinery on mid-grained soils", "description": "<ja:p>Factors affecting soil disturbance caused by harvester and forwarder were studied on mid-grained soils in Finland. Sample plots were harvested using a one-grip harvester. The harvester operator processed the trees outside the strip roads, and the remaining residues were removed to exclude the covering effect of residues. Thereafter, a loaded forwarder made up to 5 passes over the sample plots. The average rut depth after four machine passes was positively correlated to the volumetric water content at a depth of 0\u00e2\u0080\u009310 cm in mineral soil, as well as the thickness of the organic layer and the harvester rut depth, and negatively correlated with penetration resistance at depths of both 0\u00e2\u0080\u009320 cm and 5\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. We present 5 models to predict forwarder rut depth. Four include the cumulative mass driven over a measurement point and combinations of penetration resistance, water content and the depth of organic layer. The fifth model includes harvester rut depth and the cumulative overpassed mass and provided the best fit. Changes in the penetration resistance (PR) were highest at depths of 20\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. Increase in BD and VWC decreased PR, which increased with total overdriven mass. After four to five machine passes PR values started to stabilize.</ja:p>", "keywords": ["silty soil", "ta1171", "silty soils", "rut formation", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "soil compaction", "harvesting damage", "sandy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sir\u00e9n, Matti, Ala-Ilom\u00e4ki, Jari, Lindeman, Harri, Uusitalo, Jori, Kiilo, Kalle E.K., Salmivaara, Aura, Ryyn\u00e4nen, Ari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10134", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/J9H4BS", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:02Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Donn\u00e9es de r\u00e9plication pour\u00a0: Biogeography of soil bacteria and archaea across France", "description": "These data concern the study 'Biogeography of soil bacteria and archaea across France' Karimi B, Terrat S, Dequiedt S, Saby NPA, Horrigue W, Leli\u00e8vre M, Nowak V, Jolivet C, Arrouays D, Wincker P, Cruaud C, Bispo A, Maron PA, Bour\u00e9 NCP, Ranjard L. Sci Adv. 2018 Jul 4;4(7):eaat1808. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1808 and is based on data from the RMQS program (French Soil Quality Monitoring Network). The French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (RMQS) is a national program for the assessment and long-term monitoring of the quality of French soils. This network is based on the monitoring of 2240 sites representative of French soils and their land use. These sites are spread over the whole French territory (metropolitan and overseas) along a systematic square grid of 16 km x 16 km cells. The network covers a broad spectrum of climatic, soil and land-use conditions (croplands, permanent grasslands, woodlands, orchards and vineyards, natural or scarcely anthropogenic land and urban parkland). The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil are measured on each site. These soil analyses were carried out by the Soil Analysis Laboratory of INRAE (Arras, France). The spatial and temporal variability of soil properties are explained by biophysical variables, sources of contamination, history of land-use and management practices on each plot. The first sampling campaign in metropolitan France took place from 2000 to 2009 and the second campaign has begun in 2016. At each site, 25 core samples were taken by layer with an auger within a 20 m \u00d7 20 m plot and combined into a composite sample. Analyses used in this study only concern the surface layer (generally 0\u201330 cm layer) of samplings from the first campaign in metropolitan France. The dataset published contains all the raw data used in the statistical analysis in order to make them available for any further study. The table contains soil properties, observations on land use, and coordinates. We warn the user that coordinates published here are not the right coordinates, the RMQS site can be located until 1 km around this point. Real coordinates can not be made publicly available because of confidential information.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "silt", "Earth and Environmental Science", "cation exchange capacity", "Evapotranspiration", "Soils and soil sciences", "pH", "land use", "clay", "sand", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "soil", "air temperature", "soil organic carbon", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Land Use", "Soil Sciences", "calcium carbonate", "phosphorus content", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences", "altitude"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas, Boulonne, Line, Rati\u00e9, C\u00e9line, Arrouays, Dominique, Chenu, Jean-Philippe, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Bispo, Antonio, Jolivet, Claudy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/J9H4BS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/J9H4BS", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/J9H4BS", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/J9H4BS"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "ca880bd4-cff8-11e9-8046-0cc47adaa92c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-173.2, -78.5], [-173.2, 80.0], [178.5, 80.0], [178.5, -78.5], [-173.2, -78.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Global"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2023-12-08T11:13:11", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "WoSIS snapshot - September 2019", "description": "The World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broad scale levels. Since the release of the first \u2018WoSIS snapshot\u2019, in July 2016, many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repository, and subsequently standardised in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. Soil profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of data providers, therefore special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values (and units of measurement), and soil analytical method descriptions.\n\nWe presently consider the following soil chemical properties (organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total Nitrogen, Phosphorus (extractable-P, total-P, and P-retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments, and water retention), grouped according to analytical procedures (aggregates) that are operationally comparable.\n\nFurther, for each profile, we provide the original soil classification (FAO, WRB, USDA, and version) and horizon designations insofar as these have been specified in the source databases. Measures for geographical accuracy (i.e. location) of the point data as well as a first approximation for the uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical methods are presented, for possible consideration in digital soil mapping and subsequent earth system modelling.\n\nThe present snapshot, referred to as \u2018WoSIS snapshot - September 2019\u2019, comprises 196,498 geo-referenced profiles originating from 173 countries. They represent over 832 thousand soil layers (or horizons), and over 6 million records. The actual number of observations for each property varies (greatly) between pro\ufb01les and with depth, this generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes.\n\nThe downloadable ZIP file has the data in TSV (tab separated values) and GeoPackage format. It contains the following files:\n- ReadmeFirst_WoSIS_2019dec04.pdf (546.7 KB)\n- wosis_201909.gpkg (2.2 GB, same data as in the tsv)\n- wosis_201909_attributes.tsv (8.7 KB)\n- wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv (893.5 MB)\n- wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv (890.7 MB)\n- wosis_201909_profiles.tsv (18.8 MB)\n\nTo read the data in R, please, uncompress the ZIP file and specify the uncompressed folder. Then use read_tsv to read the TSV files, specifying the data types for each column (c = character, i = integer, n = number, d = double, l = logical, f = factor, D = date, T = date time, t = time).\n\nsetwd(\"/YourFolder/WoSIS_2019_September/\")\nattributes = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_attributes.tsv', col_types='cccciicd')\nprofiles = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_profiles.tsv', col_types='icccdddiicccciccccicccc')\nchemical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc')\nphysical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc')\n\nFor more detailed instructions on how to read the data with R, please visit https://www.isric.org/accessing-wosis-using-r.\n\nCitation:\nBatjes N.H, Ribeiro E, and van Oostrum A.J.M, 2019. Standardised soil profile data for the world (WoSIS snapshot - September 2019), https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20190901.\nThe dataset accompanies the following data paper: Batjes N.H., Ribeiro E., and van Oostrum A.J.M., 2019. Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot - 2019). Earth System Science Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020.", "formats": [{"name": "Niels H. Batjes"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["bulk density", "cation exchange capacity", "soil classification", "coarse fragments", "clay", "effective cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "organic carbon", "pH", "sand", "silt", "calcium carbonate", "texture", "water retention", "soil profiles", "Soil science", "Global"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Guest researcher", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Ad van Oostrum", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "ad.vanoostrum@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Eloi Ribeiro", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Geoinformatic", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["P.O. Box 47"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6708 PB", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data infodesk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/wosis_snapshot/WoSIS_2019_September.zip", "name": "Download zip", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020", "name": "Scientific paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/wosis_snapshot/wosis_snapshot_201909.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ca880bd4-cff8-11e9-8046-0cc47adaa92c", "name": "item", "description": "ca880bd4-cff8-11e9-8046-0cc47adaa92c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ca880bd4-cff8-11e9-8046-0cc47adaa92c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1918-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2016-07-05T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "76f1bae3-cee1-4bc7-98b2-beb036d88d2b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-173.2, -78.5], [-173.2, 80.0], [178.5, 80.0], [178.5, -78.5], [-173.2, -78.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Global"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2023-12-08T11:18:44", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "WoSIS snapshot - July 2016", "description": "The aim of the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) is to serve quality-assessed, geo-referenced soil data (point, polygon, and grid) to the international community upon their standardisation and harmonisation. So far, the focus has been on developing procedures for legacy point data with special attention to the selection of soil analytical and physical properties considered in the GlobalSoilMap specifications (e.g. organic carbon, soil pH, soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), coarse fragments (\u2009greater than\u2009\u202f2\u202fmm), cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and water holding capacity). Profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of soil data providers; the data have been described, sampled, and analysed according to methods and standards in use in the originating countries. Hence, special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values, and soil analytical method descriptions.\n\nAt the time of writing, the full WoSIS database contained some 118\u202f400 unique shared soil profiles, of which some 96\u202f000 are geo-referenced within defined limits. In total, this corresponds with over 31 million soil records, of which some 20\u202f% have so far been quality-assessed and standardised using the sequential procedure discussed in this paper.\n\nThe number of measured data for each property varies between profiles and with depth, generally depending on the purpose of the initial studies. Overall, the data lineage strongly determined which data could be standardised with acceptable confidence in accord with WoSIS procedures, corresponding to over 4 million records for 94\u202f441 profiles.\n\nThe downloadable ZIP file has the data in TSV (tab separated values). It contains the following files:\n- ReadmeFirst_WoSIS_2016.pdf (148.1 KB)\n- wosis_201607_attributes.txt (4.1 KB)\n- wosis_201607_layers.txt (679.1 MB)\n- wosis_201607_profiles.txt (8.8 MB)\n\nCitation:\nBatjes NH, Ribeiro E, van Oostrum A, Leenaars J, and Mendes de Jesus J 2016. Standardised soil profile data for the world (WoSIS, July 2016 snapshot), doi:10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20160003.\nThe dataset accompanies the following data paper: Batjes NH, Ribeiro E, van Oostrum A, Leenaars J, Hengl T, and Mendes de Jesus J 2017. WoSIS: Providing standardised soil profile data for the world, Earth System Science Data 9, 1-14, doi:10.5194/essd-9-1-2017.", "formats": [{"name": "Niels H. Batjes"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["bulk density", "cation exchange capacity", "soil classification", "coarse fragments", "clay", "effective cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "organic carbon", "pH", "sand", "silt", "calcium carbonate", "texture", "water retention", "soil profiles", "Soil science", "Global"], "contacts": [{"name": "Ad van Oostrum", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Guest researcher", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Eloi Ribeiro", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data infodesk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/wosis_snapshot/WoSIS_2016_July.zip", "name": "Download zip", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-1-2017", "name": "Scientific paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/wosis_snapshot/wosis_snapshot.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "76f1bae3-cee1-4bc7-98b2-beb036d88d2b", "name": "item", "description": "76f1bae3-cee1-4bc7-98b2-beb036d88d2b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/76f1bae3-cee1-4bc7-98b2-beb036d88d2b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1918-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2013-02-12T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "e50f84e1-aa5b-49cb-bd6b-cd581232a2ec", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-173.2, -78.5], [-173.2, 80.0], [178.5, 80.0], [178.5, -78.5], [-173.2, -78.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Global"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2025-10-02T06:43:34", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "WoSIS snapshot - December 2023", "description": "ABSTRACT:\n\nThe World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardized soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broad scale levels. Since the release of the \u2018WoSIS snapshot 2019\u2019 many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repository, and subsequently standardized in accordance with the licenses specified by the data providers. The source data were contributed by a wide range of data providers, therefore special attention was paid to the standardization of soil property definitions, soil analytical procedures and soil property values (and units of measurement).\n\nWe presently consider the following soil chemical properties (organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total Nitrogen, Phosphorus (extractable-P, total-P, and P-retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments, and water retention), grouped according to analytical procedures (aggregates) that are operationally comparable.\n\nFor each profile we provide the original soil classification (FAO, WRB, USDA, and version) and horizon designations as far as these have been specified in the source databases. \n\nThree measures for 'fitness-for-intended-use' are provided: positional uncertainty (for site locations), time of sampling/description, and a first approximation for the uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical methods. These measures should be considered during digital soil mapping and subsequent earth system modelling that use the present set of soil data. \n\n\nDATA SET DESCRIPTION:\n\nThe 'WoSIS 2023 snapshot' comprises data for 228k profiles from 217k geo-referenced sites that originate from 174 countries. The profiles represent over 900k soil layers (or horizons) and over 6 million records. The actual number of measurements for each property varies (greatly) between pro\ufb01les and with depth, this generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes. \n\nThe data are provided in TSV (tab separated values) format and as GeoPackage. The zip-file (446 Mb) contains the following files: \n\n- Readme_WoSIS_202312_v2.pdf: Provides a short description of the dataset, file structure, column names, units and category values (this file is also available directly under 'online resources'). The pdf includes links to tutorials for downloading the TSV files into R respectively Excel. See also 'HOW TO READ TSV FILES INTO R AND PYTHON' in the next section. \n \n- wosis_202312_observations.tsv: This file lists the four to six letter codes for each observation, whether the observation is for a site/profile or layer (horizon), the unit of measurement and the number of profiles respectively layers represented in the snapshot. It also provides an estimate for the inferred accuracy for the laboratory measurements.\n\n- wosis_202312_sites.tsv: This file characterizes the site location where profiles were sampled.\n\n- wosis_2023112_profiles: Presents the unique profile ID (i.e. primary key), site_id, source of the data, country ISO code and name, positional uncertainty, latitude and longitude (WGS 1984), maximum depth of soil described and sampled, as well as information on the soil classification system and edition. Depending on the soil classification system used, the number of fields will vary .\n\n- wosis_202312_layers: This file characterises the layers (or horizons) per profile, and lists their upper and lower depths (cm). \n\n- wosis_202312_xxxx.tsv : This type of file presents results for each observation (e.g. \u201cxxxx\u201d = \u201cBDFIOD\u201d ), as defined under \u201ccode\u201d in file wosis_202312_observation.tsv. (e.g. wosis_202311_bdfiod.tsv). \n\n- wosis_202312.gpkg: Contains the above datafiles in GeoPackage format (which stores the files within an SQLite database).\n\n\nHOW TO READ TSV FILES INTO R  AND PYTHON:\n\nA) To read the data in R, please uncompress the ZIP file and specify the uncompressed folder. \n\nsetwd(\"/YourFolder/WoSIS_2023_December/\")       ## For example: setwd('D:/WoSIS_2023_December/')\n\nThen use read_tsv to read the TSV files, specifying the data types for each column (c = character, i = integer, n = number, d = double, l = logical, f = factor, D = date, T = date time, t = time).\n\nobservations = readr::read_tsv('wosis_202312_observations.tsv', col_types='cccciid')  \nobservations          ## show columns and first 10 rows    \n\nsites = readr::read_tsv('wosis_202312_sites.tsv', col_types='iddcccc')\nsites   \n\nprofiles = readr::read_tsv('wosis_202312_profiles.tsv', col_types='icciccddcccccciccccicccci')\nprofiles \n\nlayers = readr::read_tsv('wosis_202312_layers.tsv', col_types='iiciciiilcc')\nlayers  \n\n## Do this for each observation 'XXXX', e.g. file 'Wosis_202312_orgc.tsv':\norgc = readr::read_tsv('wosis_202312_orgc.tsv', col_types='iicciilccdccddccccc')   \norgc\n\n\nNote: One may also use the following R code (example is for file 'observations.tsv'):\nobservations <- read.table(\"wosis_202312_observations.tsv\",\n sep = \"\\t\",\n header = TRUE,\n quote = \"\",\n comment.char = \"\",\n stringsAsFactors = FALSE\n )\n\n\nB) To read the files into python first decompress the files to your selected folder.  Then in python: \n\n# import the required library\nimport pandas as pd\n\n# Read the observations data\nobservations = pd.read_csv(\"wosis_202312_observations.tsv\", sep=\"\\t\")\n    # print the data frame header and some rows\n      observations.head()\n\n# Read the sites data\nsites = pd.read_csv(\"wosis_202312_sites.tsv\", sep=\"\\t\")\n\n# Read the profiles data\nprofiles = pd.read_csv(\"wosis_202312_profiles.tsv\", sep=\"\\t\")\n\n# Read the layers data\nlayers = pd.read_csv(\"wosis_202312_layers.tsv\", sep=\"\\t\")\n\n# Read the soil property data, e.g. 'cfvo' (do this for each observation)\ncfvo = pd.read_csv(\"wosis_202312_cfvo.tsv\", sep=\"\\t\")\n\n\nCITATION:\nCalisto, L., de Sousa, L.M., Batjes, N.H., 2023. Standardised soil profile data for the world (WoSIS snapshot \u2013 December 2023), https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils-20231130\n\nSupplement to:\nBatjes N.H., Calisto, L. and de Sousa L.M., 2023. Providing quality-assessed and standardised soil data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2023). Earth System Science Data,  https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024.", "formats": [{"name": "TSV and Geopackage"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["bulk density", "cation exchange capacity", "soil classification", "coarse fragments", "clay", "effective cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "organic carbon", "pH", "sand", "silt", "calcium carbonate", "texture", "soil profiles", "water retention", "total nitrogen", "Soil science", "Global"], "contacts": [{"name": "Luis Calisto", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Database expert", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "luis.calisto@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Luis M. de Sousa", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Geoinformatic", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "luis.deSousa@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["P.O. Box 47"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6708 PB", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Data infodesk", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "data@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/wosis_snapshot/WoSIS_2023_December.zip", "name": "Download zipped dataset", "description": "Zip file with the WoSIS December 2023 snapshot", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024", "name": "Scientific paper", "description": "Goes to landing page for ESSD snapshot paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis/faq-wosis", "name": "Project webpage (FAQ)", "description": "Provides answers to frequently asked questions about WoSIS", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://www.isric.org/sites/default/files/Readme_WoSIS_202312.pdf", "name": "ReadMe file for 'wosis_snapshot_2023'", "description": "This pdf report describes the 'wosis snapshot 2023' dataset and includes links to guidelines on how to import the TSV files into R resp. Excel.", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://data.isric.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/e50f84e1-aa5b-49cb-bd6b-cd581232a2ec/attachments/WoSIS_latest_2023_50perc.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "e50f84e1-aa5b-49cb-bd6b-cd581232a2ec", "name": "item", "description": "e50f84e1-aa5b-49cb-bd6b-cd581232a2ec", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/e50f84e1-aa5b-49cb-bd6b-cd581232a2ec"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1918-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.17221/6339-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Resorption Of Artemisia Scoparia, Chenopodium Acuminatum, Cannabis Sativa, And Phragmites Communis Under Nitrogen And Phosphorus Additions In A Semiarid Grassland, China", "description": "A factorial nitrogen (N) \u00d7 phosphorus (P) addition experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of leaf nutrient resorption to increased soil N and P availability in a semiarid grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Four plant species were selected, among which Artemisia scoparia and Chenopodium acuminatum were dominant species in the control and P-added plots, and Cannabis sativa and Phragmites communis were dominant in the N- and N + P-treated plots. Results showed that N and P resorption varied substantially among species (P &lt; 0.01). A general trend of decrease in N resorption efficiency (NRE) and N resorption proficiency (NRP) was observed in response to increased soil N availability for all species, except P. communis only for NRE. Similarly, P resorption proficiency (PRP) decreased in response to P addition for all species, whereas P resorption efficiency (PRE) was not affected by P addition. Species responded differently in terms of PRE and PRP to N addition, whereas no changes in NRE and NRP occurred in response to P addition except P. communis for NRE. Our results suggest that increased soil nutrient availability can influence plant-mediated nutrient cycling directly by changing leaf nutrient resorption and indirectly by altering species composition in the sandy grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "species composition", "nitrogen limitation", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "litter decomposition", "nutrient availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sandy grassland", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. Mao, Z. Y. Yu, D. H. Zeng, Lu-Jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/6339-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/6339-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/6339-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/6339-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.20933/100001123", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:26Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2019-05-27", "title": "Finite element modelling of the uplift behaviour of screw piles in sand", "description": "This contribution describes a preliminary parametric analysis of the factors affecting the pull-out resistance of screw-piles in undrained conditions. The numerical simulations rely on the Particle Finite Element method, a method known for its capabilities to tackle large deformations and rapid changing boundaries at large strains. A total stress analysis-assuming a quasi-incompressible elastic model along with a Tresca plastic model-is used to simulate the clayey soil behavior. Contact constraints are imposed to the solution with a penalty approach. As a first step, a two-dimensional geometry is used and the pile resistance to pullout and penetration is assessed.", "keywords": ["Renewable energy", "UPLIFT", "Soil mechanics", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Screw piles", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "finite element analysis", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Mec\u00e0nica dels s\u00f2ls", "Sand", "0103 physical sciences", "centrifuge modeling", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.20933/100001123"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.20933/100001123", "name": "item", "description": "10.20933/100001123", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.20933/100001123"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-08", "title": "Clay Dispersibility And Soil Friability-Testing The Soil Clay-To-Carbon Saturation Concept", "description": "<p>Soil organic carbon (OC) influences clay dispersibility, which affects soil tilth conditions and the risk of vertical migration of clay colloids. No universal lower threshold of OC has been identified for satisfactory stabilization of soil structure. We tested the concept of clay saturation with OC as a predictor of clay dispersibility and soil friability. Soil was sampled 3 yr in a field varying in clay content (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc100 to \uffe2\uff88\uffbc220 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) and grown with different crop rotations. Clay dispersibility was measured after end\uffe2\uff80\uff90over\uffe2\uff80\uff90end shaking of field\uffe2\uff80\uff90moist soil and 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm sized aggregates either air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried or rewetted to \uffe2\uff88\uff92100 hPa matric potential. Tensile strength of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried aggregates was calculated from their compressive strength, and soil friability estimated from the strength\uffe2\uff80\uff93volume relation. Crop rotation characteristics gave only minor effects on clay dispersibility and no detectable effects on soil friability. Dispersed clay correlated to soil content of clay, but the correlation increased if subtracting a fraction assumed protected by OC. This trend was less convincing for soil tensile strength and friability. Increased clay dispersibility and reduced soil friability for 1 yr of measurements could be ascribed to wet conditions for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) harvest and tillage the preceding year. Literature data indicate soils' content of clay and silt (Fines20) to be a better predictor of specific surface area than clay. We conclude that a clay/OC ratio of 10 and a Fines20/OC ratio of 20 may serve as corresponding thresholds for clay dispersibility, the latter probably best reflecting organo\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral interactions of importance to the soil physical properties.</p>", "keywords": ["TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "SURFACE-AREA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR", "15. Life on land", "DESTABILIZATION", "AGGREGATE STRENGTH", "Soil quality", "CROP-ROTATION", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "SANDY LOAMS", "MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TENSILE-STRENGTH"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/vzj2011.0067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/vzj2011.0067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy14071536", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-15", "title": "Mechanism of Interaction between Earthworms and Root Parameters on Cambisol", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Plants respond to their environment through adaptations; for example, earthworms that create heterogeneity can lead to local adaptation of roots. This research identifies a mechanism to explain plant responses to earthworms and how these mechanisms are related. Our results show that tillage intensity has a negative effect on earthworms and root volume. The mean root volume and earthworm biomass under conventional tillage were lower than in reduced tillage and no-tillage. The root volume and the root diameter in the field with residues were higher than in the field without residues, while the root length density and earthworm biomass in the field with residues were lower than in the field without residues. This study demonstrates that the mean of the root length density and biomass of the earthworms were higher in sandy loam than in loam. Therefore, sand content had a positive effect on root length density (R2 = 0.72, p &lt; 0.01) and earthworm biomass (R2 = 0.74, p &lt; 0.01). Earthworm biomass had a positive effect on root volume (R2 = 0.54, p &lt; 0.05) and length density (R2 = 0.88, p &lt; 0.01). This confirms our hypothesis on the effect of earthworms on root systems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "root volume", "sandy loam", "S", "13. Climate action", "<i>Cambisol</i>", "Agriculture", "earthworms", "15. Life on land", "loam", "root length density"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071536"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy14071536", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy14071536", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy14071536"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.7hg8mp7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Traits including leaf dry matter content and leaf pH dominate over forest soil pH as drivers of litter decomposition among 60 species", "description": "Open Access1. Soil pH varies by several units among ecosystems. While soil pH is  known to be a key driver of plant species composition, we still have a  poor understanding of how it affects carbon cycling processes. For  instance, soil pH, or its associated chemistry in terms of base cations  and organic acids, may affect decomposition rates of dead matter directly,  by controlling decomposer composition and activity, and indirectly, by  controlling the traits of the plant species and thereby the afterlife  effects of those traits on litter decomposition. Leaf and litter pH may  play a role in this control. Based on the very limited empirical data  available, we hypothesized that variation in species traits including leaf  (litter) pH, within and between ecosystems contrasting in soil pH, would  have stronger effects on leaf litter decomposition rates than variation in  soil chemistry would. 2. We tested this hypothesis by carrying out a  \u2018common garden\u2019 litterbed experiment in subtropical SW China, in which  leaf litters of the 30 predominant plant species from mid-successional  forest on acidic sandstone (soil pH around 4.0) and calcareous soil (pH  around 7.5) respectively, were incubated and their decomposition rates  measured over two harvests in fourteen months, both in soil plus litter  matrix from their \u2018home\u2019 forest and in those from the \u201caway\u201d forest. 3. We  found that leaf (litter) trait variation among species and plant  functional types, headed by species\u2019 dry matter content but also including  tissue pH, was the strongest driver of variation in leaf litter  decomposition rates. Surprisingly however, while these effects of  interspecific trait variation were very strong among species from the same  site, there was no overall difference in litter decomposability between  the species from the acidic versus calcareous site. Equally surprising was  that this strong difference in pH of soil substrate plus litter matrix  from an acidic sandstone site versus a calcareous karst site did not  directly affect leaf litter decomposition rates across a given species  set. 4. This first attempt to disentangle the multiple potential direct  and indirect ways in which soil and leaf (litter) acidity might be related  to litter decomposition rates, has important implications for our  understanding of soil-plant feedbacks. Based on our forest-based study, we  predict that soil-plant feedbacks via acidity are unlikely to be strong in  ecosystems with wide-ranging species in terms of their leaf functional  traits, including leaf pH.", "keywords": ["litter pH", "Leaf traits", "soil-plant feedbacks", "soil acidity", "Soil chemistry", "calcareous substrate", "15. Life on land", "sandstone substrate", "litter decomposability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Wendan, Cornelissen, Hans, Tao, Jianping, Zuo, Juan, Wang, Yuping, Liu, JinChun, He, Ze,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7hg8mp7"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.7hg8mp7", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.7hg8mp7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.7hg8mp7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w11010113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-11", "title": "Coupling Riverbank Filtration with Reverse Osmosis May Favor Short Distances between Wells and Riverbanks at RBF Sites on the River Danube in Hungary", "description": "<p>Bank filtration and other managed aquifer recharge techniques have extensive application in drinking water production throughout the world. Although the quality of surface water improves during these natural processes, residence time in the aquifer and length of the flow paths are critical factors. A wide range of data is available on the physical\uffe2\uff80\uff93chemical processes and hydraulic conditions, but there is limited knowledge about the top layer of the porous media. An investigation was conducted on the hydraulic behavior and on the change of microbiological indicator parameters in the filter cake. The purpose of the experiment was to: (1) investigate if the reverse osmosis is sustainable when fed with only slow filtered water, and (2) show that a short travel distance can provide extensive pathogen removal and beneficial conditions for the reverse osmosis. A slow sand filter was operated over a one-year long period while changes in head loss and microbiological parameters were being monitored. Head loss and membrane permeability were monitored between 3 November 2016 and 24 October 2018 and microbiological sampling was performed from 19 July 2017 to 6 November 2018. The filtered water was fed to a reverse osmosis (RO) filter as the water above the sand filter had been spiked with dissolved iron. Results show that even a thin biofilm cake of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff933 mm thickness can result in a significant (10\uffe2\uff80\uff93100%) reduction in microbiological activity in the infiltrate, while favorable short retention times and oxic conditions are maintained. Avoiding anoxic conditions, subsequent iron and manganese dissolution and precipitation is beneficial for membrane processes. Building on these results, it can be stated that when reverse osmosis is directly fed with slow filtered or bank filtered water, (1) a short distance from the surface water body is required to avoid dissolved iron and manganese from entering the groundwater and (2) proper pathogen rejection can be achieved even over short distances.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "slow sand filtration", "11. Sustainability", "pressure loss", "clogging", "filter cake", "pathogen barrier", "01 natural sciences", "bank filtration", "biofilm", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/113/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w11010113", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w11010113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w11010113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su13073732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-26", "title": "The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers", "description": "<p>Sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures and sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG\uffe2\uff80\uff93clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon.</p>", "keywords": ["Civil and Environmental Engineering", "TP", "initial moisture content", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Civil Engineering", "bepress|Engineering", "bentonite", "xanthan gum", "QK", "TN", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "sand-clay mixture", "02 engineering and technology", "uniaxial compressive strength tests", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Civil Engineering", "Civil Engineering", "6. Clean water", "Engineering", "engrXiv|Engineering", "TA", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "QE", "kaolin", "biopolymer content"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Geng, Xueyu, Ma, Lei, Hao, Gang-Lai, Ni, Jing, Chen, Jia-Qi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/150469/7/WRAP-Optimisation-analysis-sand-clay-mixtures-stabilised-xanthan-gum-biopolymers-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/3732/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/3732/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su13073732", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su13073732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su13073732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4154/gc.2019.12", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-06", "title": "Liquefaction potential of sands at the Kr\u0161ko-Bre\u017eice field, Slovenia", "description": "The Krsko-Bre\u017eice field is one of the most seismically active areas in Slovenia. The most damaging recorded earthquake with an intensity of VIII (EMS) occurred on 29th January 1917. It caused damage and claimed two lives. In the last 100 years, 9 earthquakes with intensity higher than VI (EMS) have been recorded.  At the investigated area, a top layer up to 5 m thick, consisting of recent deposit of very loose silts and sands (ML, SM, SP), covers the medium dense to dense Quaternary gravel, beneath which there are over-consolidated, uncemented Miocene silts and marls. The top layer could be prone to liquefaction, as reported for the close surroundings of Bre\u017eice, where the liquefaction phenomenon was observed during the Zagreb earthquake in 1880 and during the Kupa Valley earthquake in 1909.  The paper presents the results of laboratory index tests, cyclic simple shear tests and field investigations (SPT, CPT, (S)DMT, vs measurements), which were carried out to assess the liquefaction potential of the top layer at the location of the Bre\u017eice Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP). All results show that the top layer is prone to liquefaction for an earthquake with a 475 year return period. Cyclic simple shear test results show that the liquefaction potential of horizontal ground for an earthquake with a 475 year return period can be reduced by the densification of the top layer to at least 95% of maximum Proctor density.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "earthquake", " CSR", " liquefaction potential", " silty sand", " laboratory investigations", " field tests"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2019.12"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologia%20Croatica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4154/gc.2019.12", "name": "item", "description": "10.4154/gc.2019.12", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4154/gc.2019.12"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:23:11Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-03", "title": "Carbon sequestration in intact rare ecosystems and their encroaching forests (Michigan, USA)", "description": "unspecifiedRising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are impacting global  temperatures, ecological systems, and human societies. Natural carbon  sequestration through the conservation of soil and native ecosystems may  slow or reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, and thus slow or  mitigate the rate of global warming. Most of the research investigating  carbon sequestration in natural systems occurs in forested ecosystems,  however rare ecosystems such as coastal plain marshes and wet-mesic sand  prairie collectively may serve as significant carbon sinks. Our objectives  were to measure and assess the importance of carbon sequestration in three  rare ecosystems (oak-pine barrens, coastal plain marsh, and wet-mesic sand  prairie) in western Lower Michigan. We measured carbon in standing  vegetation, dead organic matter, and soils within each ecosystem and  adjacent encroaching forested areas. Driven by tree carbon, total carbon  stocks in encroaching areas were greater than in intact rare ecosystems.  Soil organic carbon was greater in all intact ecosystems, though only  significantly so in coastal plain marsh.\u00a0 Principal components  analysis explained 72% of the variation and revealed differences between  intact ecosystems and their encroaching areas. Linear models using the  ratio of red to green light reflectance successfully predicted SOC in  intact coastal plain marsh and wet-mesic sand prairie. Our results infer  the importance of these rare ecosystems in sequestering carbon in soils  and support the need to establish federal or state management practices  for the conservation of these systems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "rare ecosystems", "coastal plain marsh", "Climate change", "oak-pine barrens", "FOS: Natural sciences", "wet-mesic sand prairie"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Woller-Skar, Meg, Locher, Alexandra, Audia, Ellen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=sand&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=sand&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=sand&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=sand&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 122, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T01:53:28.165301Z"}