{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-15", "title": "Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks And Sequestration Potential In Aboveground Biomass In Smallholder Farming Systems Of Western Kenya", "description": "Abstract While Carbon (C) sequestration on farmlands may contribute to mitigate CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere, greater agro-biodiversity may ensure longer term stability of C storage in fluctuating environments. This study was conducted in the highlands of western Kenya, a region with high potential for agroforestry, with the objectives of assessing current biodiversity and aboveground C stocks in perennial vegetation growing on farmland, and estimating C sequestration potential in aboveground C pools. Allometric models were developed to estimate aboveground biomass of trees and hedgerows, and an inventory of perennial vegetation was conducted in 35 farms in Vihiga and Siaya districts. Values of the Shannon index ( H ), used to evaluate biodiversity, ranged from 0.01 in woodlots through 0.4\u20130.6 in food crop plots, to 1.3\u20131.6 in homegardens. Eucalyptus saligna was the most frequent tree species found as individual trees (20%), in windrows (47%), and in woodlots (99%) in Vihiga and the most frequent in woodlots (96%) in Siaya. Trees represented the most important C pool in aboveground biomass of perennial plants growing on-farm, contributing to 81 and 55% of total aboveground farm C in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively, followed by hedgerows (13 and 39%, respectively) and permanent crop stands (5 and 6%, respectively). Most of the tree C was located in woodlots in Vihiga (61%) and in individual trees growing in or around food crop plots in Siaya (57%). The homegardens represented the second C pool in importance, with 25 and 33% of C stocks in Vihiga and Siaya, respectively. Considering the mean total aboveground C stocks observed, and taking the average farm sizes of Vihiga (0.6\u00a0ha) and Siaya (1.4\u00a0ha), an average farm would store 6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121 in Vihiga and 12.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0farm \u22121 in Siaya. At both sites, the C sequestration potential in perennial aboveground biomass was estimated at ca. 16\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 . With the current market price for carbon, the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM A/R) projects seems unfeasible, due to the large number of small farms (between 140 and 300) necessary to achieve a critical land area able to compensate the concomitant minimum transaction costs. Higher financial compensation for C sequestration projects that encourage biodiversity would allow clearer win\u2013win scenarios for smallholder farmers. Thus, a better valuation of ecosystem services should encourage C sequestration together with on-farm biodiversity when promoting CDM A/R projects.", "keywords": ["550", "petite exploitation agricole", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "eucalyptus saligna", "biodiversit\u00e9", "sistemas de explotaci\u00f3n", "STOCKAGE", "allocation", "soil fertility management", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "arbre", "AGROFORESTERIE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "VILLAGE", "CARBONE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "agroforestry systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "ecology", "agroforesteria", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "environment", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683", "570", "BIOMETRIE", "productivity", "arboles", "REFORESTATION", "secuestro de carbono", "utilisation des terres", "ARBRE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7887", "farming systems", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "BIOMASSE", "BIODIVERSITE", "SYSTEME DE CULTURE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "COMPOSITION FLORISTIQUE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7113"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-14", "title": "Dynamics Of Soil Carbon Stock, Total Nitrogen, And Associated Soil Properties Since The Conversion Ofacaciawoodland To Managed Pastureland, Parkland Agroforestry, And Treeless Cropland In The Jido Komolcha District, Southern Ethiopia", "description": "ABSTRACTIn the arid, low biomass producing areas of Ethiopia, Acacia woodlands suffered a severe degradation due to exploitation for various uses, and conversion to grazing and cultivated lands. However, little is known on the impact of agricultural land uses on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) stocks, and other soil quality indicators. This study was planned to evaluate SOC and TN stock changes under parkland agroforestry (PAF), managed pastureland (MPL), and treeless cropland (TLCL) regimes by considering the remnant protected woodland (PWL) as a reference. We found that SOC and TN stocks were significantly higher in PWL and MPL areas. Conversion of Acacia woodlands to MPL, PAF, and TLCL resulted in the loss of SOC stock by 23, 50, and 56%, respectively. Higher SOC and TN stocks were found under PWL (144.3 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and MPL (108.2 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Significant changes in available phosphorous (P), exchangeable cations, and cation exchangeable capacity were observed following the woodland conversion...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop residues", "utilizaci\u00f3n de la tierra", "residuos de cosechas", "suelo", "land use", "trees", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "secuestro de carbono", "soil", "agroforestry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agroforesteria", "\u00e1rboles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/10549811.2016.1175950"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14815", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-30", "title": "How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal", "description": "Abstract

There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content to contribute to climate change mitigation, to enhance resilience to climate change and to underpin food security, through initiatives such as international \uffe2\uff80\uff984p1000\uffe2\uff80\uff99 initiative and the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since SOC content of soils cannot be easily measured, a key barrier to implementing programmes to increase SOC at large scale, is the need for credible and reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) platforms, both for national reporting and for emissions trading. Without such platforms, investments could be considered risky. In this paper, we review methods and challenges of measuring SOC change directly in soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise for quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat soil surveys are used to estimate changes in SOC over time, and how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution sites can serve as sources of knowledge and can be used to test models, and as potential benchmark sites in global frameworks to estimate SOC change. We briefly consider models that can be used to simulate and project change in SOC and examine the MRV platforms for SOC change already in use in various countries/regions. In the final section, we bring together the various components described in this review, to describe a new vision for a global framework for MRV of SOC change, to support national and international initiatives seeking to effect change in the way we manage our soils.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la simulaci\uffc3\uffb3n de los cambios del carbono org\uffc3\uffa1nico del suelo (COS), por el modelo RothC, en raz\uffc3\uffb3n del cambio de uso de suelo del sistema tradicional - asociaci\uffc3\uffb3n ma\uffc3\uffadz-calabaza (TMC) - a sistemas con higuerilla (Ricinus communis): multiestratos (MUL), callejones (CALL) y monocultivo de higuerilla (HIG). Las simulaciones del COS se hicieron para las profundidades de suelo 0-20 y 0-40 cm, para el periodo de 1980-2040, consider\uffc3\uffa1ndose como l\uffc3\uffadnea base al sistema TMC. Las tasas de cambio de COS estimadas con el RothC, en ambas profundidades de suelo, estuvieron en 0,5-1,2, 0,4-0,8, 0,3-0,5 y 0,04-0,1 Mg ha-1 de C por a\uffc3\uffb1o en los sistemas HIG, MUL, CALL y TMC, respectivamente, y fueron consistentes con las reportadas en la literatura. El desempe\uffc3\uffb1o del RothC tuvo 89% de eficiencia (EF), con R\uffc2\uffb2=0,9, lo que muestra que este modelo puede usarse con informaci\uffc3\uffb3n temporal del COS escasa, informaci\uffc3\uffb3n de la historia de uso de suelo y mediciones de la entrada de residuos vegetales a\uffc3\uffa9reos y subterr\uffc3\uffa1neos en el suelo.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "cambio de uso de suelo", "biofuel plants", "Agriculture (General)", "plantas biocombustibles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon sequestration", "secuestro de carbono", "Ricinus communis", "S1-972"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Molina, Lucila Gonz\u00e1lez, Moreno P\u00e9rez, Esa\u00fa del C., Krishnamurty, Laksmi Reddiar, P\u00e9rez, Aurelio Ba\u00e9z, Miguel, Acosta Mireles,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012001100012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2012001100012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2012001100012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2012001100012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/369333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:01Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Efectos de la aplicaci\u00f3n de compost vegetal y biochar de alperujo en la calidad del suelo, fisiolog\u00eda vegetal y din\u00e1mica del carbono en un olivar superintensivo", "description": "Open AccessUno de los mayores desaf\u00edos de la agricultura actual es garantizar el suministro de alimentos para una poblaci\u00f3n en crecimiento, mientras m\u00e1s del 40% de los suelos cultivables est\u00e1n degradados, aumentando la dependencia de la fertilizaci\u00f3n mineral. El reciclaje y la valorizaci\u00f3n de residuos agr\u00edcolas, como sustratos o enmiendas del suelo, se propone como una alternativa para recuperar la calidad del suelo y gestionar los residuos agr\u00edcolas. En la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, el biochar, un producto s\u00f3lido rico en carbono org\u00e1nico derivado de la pir\u00f3lisis de biomasa, ha ganado atenci\u00f3n como enmienda para mejorar las propiedades del suelo, y almacenar carbono. Este ensayo compara el impacto del biochar de alperujo y el compost vegetal en las propiedades del suelo, la productividad del cultivo, la fisiolog\u00eda del olivo y las tasas de respiraci\u00f3n del suelo en una plantaci\u00f3n super-intensiva de arbequina bajo riego deficitario (30% demanda h\u00eddrica). Se aplicaron dosis equivalentes a 40 t/ha de biochar, compost y una mezcla de ambos (50% p/p), junto con parcelas no enmendadas (control), totalizando 96 parcelas de 1 m\u00b2 (24 por tratamiento). El biochar aument\u00f3 significativamente la capacidad de retenci\u00f3n de agua del suelo, redujo la compactaci\u00f3n y mejor\u00f3 el potencial h\u00eddrico de las plantas. Mejor\u00f3 la tasa de fotos\u00edntesis neta de los olivos en per\u00edodos pre-cosecha, la eficiencia del uso del agua y la tasa de transporte electr\u00f3nico en los \u00e1rboles, incrementando un 15% el rendimiento en peso del fruto. Sin embargo, el rendimiento neto de aceite por \u00e1rbol fue similar debido al mayor contenido de humedad en las aceitunas. En relaci\u00f3n a la din\u00e1mica del carbono, el biochar increment\u00f3 el contenido de carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo, principalmente carbono recalcitrante. Las tasas de respiraci\u00f3n del suelo aumentaron con la temperatura, siendo m\u00e1s elevadas en suelos tratados con compost durante el primer a\u00f1o, tendencia que no se observ\u00f3 en la mezcla de compost y biochar.", "keywords": ["Reciclado", "Enmiendas org\u00e1nicas", "Econom\u00eda circular", "Secuestro de carbono", "Materia org\u00e1nica del suelo", "Valorizaci\u00f3n"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rosa Arranz, Jos\u00e9 M. de la, P\u00e9rez-Dal\u00ed, Sara, S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00edn, \u00c1gueda M., M\u00e1rquez-Moreno, J., Campos D\u00edaz de Mayorga, Paloma, Miller, A. Z., Guti\u00e9rrez Patricio, S., Cubero, Beatriz, San Emeterio, Layla M., Osman, Jorge R., Jim\u00e9nez Morillo, N. T., Moreno Ortega, Jes\u00fas A., Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez, Jos\u00e9 Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/369333"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/369333", "name": "item", "description": "10261/369333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/369333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/13497", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-30", "title": "How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal", "description": "Abstract

There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content to contribute to climate change mitigation, to enhance resilience to climate change and to underpin food security, through initiatives such as international \uffe2\uff80\uff984p1000\uffe2\uff80\uff99 initiative and the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since SOC content of soils cannot be easily measured, a key barrier to implementing programmes to increase SOC at large scale, is the need for credible and reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) platforms, both for national reporting and for emissions trading. Without such platforms, investments could be considered risky. In this paper, we review methods and challenges of measuring SOC change directly in soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise for quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat soil surveys are used to estimate changes in SOC over time, and how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution sites can serve as sources of knowledge and can be used to test models, and as potential benchmark sites in global frameworks to estimate SOC change. We briefly consider models that can be used to simulate and project change in SOC and examine the MRV platforms for SOC change already in use in various countries/regions. In the final section, we bring together the various components described in this review, to describe a new vision for a global framework for MRV of SOC change, to support national and international initiatives seeking to effect change in the way we manage our soils.