Megathrust earthquake sequences, comprising mainshocks and triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust, can impact multiple buildings and infrastructure in a city. The time between the mainshocks and aftershocks usually is too short to retrofit the structures; therefore, moderate\uffe2\uff80\uff90size aftershocks can cause additional damage. To have a better understanding of the impact of aftershocks on city\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide seismic risk assessment, a new simulation framework of spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of future M9.0 sequences in the Cascadia subduction zone is developed. The simulation framework consists of an epidemic\uffe2\uff80\uff90type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90motion model, and state\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent seismic fragility model. The spatiotemporal ETAS model is modified to characterise aftershocks of large and anisotropic M9.0 mainshock ruptures. To account for damage accumulation of wood\uffe2\uff80\uff90frame houses due to aftershocks in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, state\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent fragility curves are implemented. The new simulation framework can be used for quasi\uffe2\uff80\uff90real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time aftershock hazard and risk assessments and city\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide post\uffe2\uff80\uff90event risk management.
", "keywords": ["Mainshock-aftershock sequences", "550", "seismic risk", "Damage accumulation", "seismic hazard", "Cascadia", "City-wide seismic risk", "02 engineering and technology", "Wood-frame houses", "01 natural sciences", "aftershocks", "0201 civil engineering", "earthquake clustering", "13. Climate action", "Cascadia subduction earthquakes", "Spatiotemporal ETAS seismicity model", "earthquakes", "State-dependent aftershock fragility curves", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3286"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earthquake%20Engineering%20%26amp%3B%20Structural%20Dynamics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eqe.3286", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eqe.3286", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eqe.3286"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-09", "title": "Seismic actions on structures in the near-source region of the 2016 central Italy sequence", "description": "The central Italy seismic sequence began in the latter half of 2016 and continued well into 2017, causing severe damage in the villages close to the source and causing hundreds of casualties. It is a sequence especially interesting to study, from the perspective of seismic actions experienced by structures, because it saw nine M\u00a0\u2265\u00a05.0 earthquakes within a period of 5\u00a0months, rupturing parts of the complex central Apennine mountain range fault system. Consequently, some of the main earthquake engineering issues that arose are the multiple locations where the code-mandated seismic actions were exceeded in more than one of the main events of the sequence and the number of pre- and low-code existing buildings that suffered heavy damage or collapse due to the intensity of individual earthquakes and the cumulative effect of repeated damaging shocks. The present article picks up on these topics and uses probabilistic seismic hazard, as well as the multitude of strong ground motion recordings available from the sequence, to provide a discussion on certain issues, that are all related to the topical subject of seismic actions. These issues are: (1) the unsurprising exceedance of code spectra in the epicentral areas of strong earthquakes; (2) the particular spectral shape and damaging potential of near-source, pulse-like, ground motions, possibly related to rupture directivity; and (3) structural non-linear behaviour in the wake of a sequence that produces repeated strong shaking without the necessary respite for repair and retrofit operations.", "keywords": ["Geophysics", "Seismic Hazard", "Pulse-like ground motion", "Cumulative damage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Cumulative damage; Pulse-like ground motion; Seismic hazard; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology; Geophysics", "Building and Construction", "02 engineering and technology", "Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology", "Seismic hazard", "Civil and Structural Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-017-0295-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-05", "title": "REASSESS V2.0: software for single- and multi-site probabilistic seismic hazard analysis", "description": "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is generally recognized as the rational method to quantify the seismic threat. Classical formulation of PSHA goes back to the second half of the twentieth century, but its implementation can still be demanding for engineers dealing with practical applications. Moreover, in the last years, a number of developments of PSHA have been introduced; e.g., vector-valued and advanced ground motion intensity measure (IM) hazard, the inclusion of the effect of aftershocks in single-site hazard assessment, and multi-site analysis requiring the characterization of random fields of cross-correlated IMs. Although software to carry out PSHA has been available since quite some time, generally, it does not feature a user-friendly interface and does not embed most of the recent methodologies relevant from the earthquake engineering perspective. These are the main motivations behind the development of the practice-oriented software presented herein, namely REgionAl, Single-SitE and Scenario-based Seismic hazard analysis (REASSESS V2.0). In the paper, the seismic hazard assessments REASSESS enables are discussed, along with the implemented algorithms and the models/databases embedded in this version of the software. Illustrative applications exploit the potential of the tool, which is available at http://wpage.unina.it/iuniervo/doc_en/REASSESS.htm .", "keywords": ["Performance-based earthquake engineering", " Performance-based seismic design", " Sequence-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis", " Spectral-shape-based intensity measures", "\u00b7 Infrastructure risk analysis", "\u00b7 Conditional spectra", "Performance-based earthquake engineering", "Performance-based seismic design", "Sequence-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis", "\u00b7 Infrastructure risk analysis", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Spectral-shape-based intensity measures", "02 engineering and technology", "\u00b7 Conditional spectra", "0201 civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-018-00531-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1785/0120190121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-16", "title": "Variability of ETAS Parameters in Global Subduction Zones and Applications to Mainshock\u2013Aftershock Hazard Assessment", "description": "ABSTRACTMegathrust earthquake sequences can impact buildings and infrastructure due to not only the mainshock but also the triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust. To give realistic ranges of aftershock simulations in regions with limited data and to provide time-dependent seismic hazard information right after a future giant shock, we assess the variability of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model parameters in subduction zones that have experienced M\uffe2\uff89\uffa57.5 earthquakes, comparing estimates from long time windows with those from individual sequences. Our results show that the ETAS parameters are more robust if estimated from a long catalog than from individual sequences, given individual sequences have fewer data including missing early aftershocks. Considering known biases of the parameters (due to model formulation, the isotropic spatial aftershock distribution, and finite size effects of catalogs), we conclude that the variability of the ETAS parameters that we observe from robust estimates is not significant, neither across different subduction-zone regions nor as a function of maximum observed magnitudes. We also find that ETAS parameters do not change when multiple M\uffc2\uffa08.0\uffe2\uff80\uff939.0 events are included in a region, mainly because an M\uffc2\uffa09.0 sequence dominates the number of events in the catalog. Based on the ETAS parameter estimates in the long time period window, we propose a set of ETAS parameters for future M\uffc2\uffa09.0 sequences for aftershock hazard assessment (K0=0.04\uffc2\uffb10.02, \uffce\uffb1=2.3, c=0.03\uffc2\uffb10.01, p=1.21\uffc2\uffb10.08, \uffce\uffb3=1.61\uffc2\uffb10.29, d=23.48\uffc2\uffb118.17, and q=1.68\uffc2\uffb10.55). Synthetic catalogs created with the suggested ETAS parameters show good agreement with three observed M\uffc2\uffa09.0 sequences since 1965 (the 2004 M\uffc2\uffa09.1 Aceh\uffe2\uff80\uff93Andaman earthquake, the 2010 M\uffc2\uffa08.8 Maule earthquake, and the 2011 M\uffc2\uffa09.0 Tohoku earthquake).
", "keywords": ["earthquake clustering", "550", "13. Climate action", "seismic hazard", "earthquakes", "01 natural sciences", "aftershocks", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20Seismological%20Society%20of%20America", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1785/0120190121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1785/0120190121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1785/0120190121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3463360", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:24:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "SPATIAL VARIBILITY OF CPT DATA FOR LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT", "description": "Open AccessThe seismic liquefaction is often responsible for the major part of the economic losses caused by earthquakes. Usually damages involve the foundations of buildings, bridges, embankments, underground constructions and are widely diffused over the cities. The strategies for the mitigation of risk aim to evaluate susceptibility and hazard on given areas by quantifying the liquefaction potential indexes from the results of fast investigations. The empirical relations proposed in the literature based on the results of cone penetration tests CPT, allow to calculate the indexes at each vertical, which can be reductive for the complete risk assessment of larger territorial extension. The present study moves at two distinct levels, one carried out with traditional geographic information systems aiming to map the liquefaction hazard over the territory, the second one aiming to define the three-dimensional distribution of the liquefiable deposit in the subsoil.